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한국과 중국의 역사를 살펴보면 한국과 중국은 지리상으로 인접해있어 수천 년 전부터 교류를 시작한 사실을 알 수 있다. 양국의 크고 작은 교류를 통해 중국의 한자어가 한국으로 전파되었다. 고사를표현하는 형식이 간 결하고 독특한 언어형식인 고사성어(故事成語)도한자어의 일부분으로서 한국으로 전파되어 수천 년의 세월 동안 한국의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화의 영향을 받으면서 발전해왔다. 마찬가지로 중국에서도 고사성어는 중국 의 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화에 영향을 받으면서 발전해 온 결과로 한국과 중국의 일부 고사성어는 개념과 형식, 그리고 용법이 서로 상이하게 변하였다. 1992년 한 중양국이 수교하면서 중국인 한국어 학습자가 점차 증가하 였다. 한국사회생활에 많이 쓰이는 고사성어는 한국어 학습자에게도 중요한학습 내용이다. 뿐만 아니라 한국 어능력시험(TOPIK-Test of Proficiencyin Korean)에도 거의 매번 고사성어가 출제되고 있다. 중국인 한국어 학습자에게 한국의 고사성어는 중국어와 동일한 부분도많으나 유사하거나 상이한 부분도 있어 한국의 고사성 어 학습에 어려움이 있을 수 있다. 이 논문은 우선 한국에서 중요하게 사용되고 있는 고사성어를 선정하기 위해 TOPIK 문제집(7회부터 33회까지 ), 한국의 중학교 한문교과서 및 고등학교 한문교과서를 조사하여 여기에 나타난 고사성어를 연구대상으로 하 였다. 형식과 의미 두 가지 관점에서 한국의 고사성어와 중국어의 대응 형식을 대조하고, 한국의 고사성어와 중국의 고사성어 형식과 의미상의 차이와 그 차이가 나타난 원인을 분석하였다. 그리고 대조와 분석을 통해 중국인 한국어 학습자에게 한국 고사성어를 가르칠 때 유의해야 할 점을 제시하였다. (하얼빈사범대학교)

Liu Ying. 2014. A Comparative Analysis of the story-basedidioms between Chinese and Korean. Journal of the InternationalNetwork for Korean Language and Culture 11-2, 53-78. The timewhen the Chinese characters began to be introduced to Koreacan be dated back to thousands of years ago, followed by theexport of idioms with their stories as an integrate part ofChinese characters. Since the establishment of diplomatic relationbetween the P.R.C and the R.O.K in 1992, South Korea hasreceived an increasing number of Chinese students who foundthemselves more and more frequently exposed to idioms andstories in their daily life in South Korea. Furthermore, theseidioms and their stories is a must in the S- TOPIK. Important asit is, the Chinese are prone to confuse the meaning of theseidioms with their versions in China. This thesis, focused on idioms and their stories selected from theS-TOPIK (the 7th–the 33rd) and Chinese literature textbooks ofjunior high and senior high. The differences of the idioms andtheir stories from the perspective of form and meaning areanalyzed in this paper, and it provides Chinese students withinstructions and guidelines to follow in learning Korean. (HarbinNormal University)

Chemotaxonomy, or chemosystematics, can be viewed as a hybrid science which can classify plants based on their unique natural products. In this study we investigated the chemotaxonomic marks of Juglans species (Juglandaceae) by studying the natural products of J. sigillata Dode. Around 20 species constitute the genus Juglans, which mainly occurs in the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, extending into South America. The cortex, kernel, nutshell, pericarp, root and leaf of Juglans have a long history of being used as folk remedies to treat oxidative, inflammatory, rheumatic and nociceptive diseases, as well as to relief cancer, eczema, kidneys and stomach disorders. J. sigillata, a fast growing hardwood, is indigenous to valleys and mountain slopes in southwest China provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and Tibet. In this work, systematic Sephadex LH-20 open column separation of J. sigillata extracts led to the isolation of eight galloyl glucoses for the first time and their structures were extensively elucidated and determined by their spectral evidences. Our chemotaxonomic analysis indicated that galloyl glucoses in J. sigillata were interesting and galloyl glucoses may possibly be considered as a useful chemotaxonomic marker within the species of Juglans.

Enhancing the high-value utilization of waste plant extract residues in pulp and paper industry is a challenge. Here, the extraction residue of ginseng was firstly obtained through four processes: extraction, concentration, removal of residual drugs and spray drying, as illustrated in Figure 1. Subsequently, this ginseng extract residue blended wood pulp (bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp) as raw material, which was applied in pulp and paper industry to study the paper-making mechanism and properties of business card base paper. Forming morphology, structures and strength of the prepared paper were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal weight analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), paper physical performance tests. The results showed that the paper retained the basic chemical structure of cellulose. Compared with pure wood pulp paper, the paper not only can ensure its physical strength performance, but also display product characteristics in business and interpersonal communication, and it plays the media function of information exchange. Therefore, the above methods are of great significance in reducing environmental pollution, saving forestry resources, developing new products and creating economic value. It is also expected to realize the characteristic application of pulp and paper and natural product extraction industry.

To achieve a better trade-off between robustness and imperceptibility, a blind watermarking algorithm based on QR decomposition and voting for color image in DWT domain is proposed in the paper. Most of the existing QR decomposition based watermarking schemes take the first row of R matrix into consideration while in our approach the watermark is embedded by modifying the first column element of Q matrix. In the embedding process, DCT is applied to the R, G and B color components, respectively. Then DWT is utilized on the DCT coefficients of each component and acquire corresponding LL, HL, LH, and HH. Later, the associated DWT coefficients in LH and HH are decomposed with QR decomposition and the watermark message is embedded into the first column of Q matrix by changing Q21 and Q31 with stable characteristic. In the extraction phase, a redundant watermark scheme with voting method is used to improve the robustness of the watermarking algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm, compared with the existing methods is robust enough to resist common signal attacks including filtering, noising, small cutting and JPEG compressing.

Short text similarity measure is the basis of classification and duplicate checking of the short texts. Allowing for the insufficient consideration of the sentence semantic and structure information in similarity calculation between two short texts, we propose a novel method of short text similarity calculation based on double vector space model on the basis of traditional vector space model. Creatively transforming traditional vector space model into double vector space model. We utilize the numeral data link relations of Wikipedia to calculate semantic similarity between words, and calculate text structure similarity by dependency trees. Finally, we get the synthetic similarity by combining the semantic similar vector and structure similar vector. Our experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method has higher accuracy than other methods.

Tens to hundreds of output high power lasers from ICF (inertial confinement fusion) device, generally need to propagate through a long air path before they reach the target chamber. During the process, interaction between the high power pulse laser and air molecules emerges. Once the SRRS (stimulated rotational Raman scattering) threshold was reached, the SRRS effect would result in the loss of laser energy, the decrease of laser beam quality, or unable to reach the target. Further the transmitted laser would enter the multipliers as fundamental beam, then the conversion efficiency of triple-harmonic would be affected, even cause the destroy of frequency multiplication crystal. In order to improve the output ability, beam quality and control ability of the ICF high power laser drive, ultimately achieve the fusion ignition success, the SRRS effect must be suppressed. Based on SRRS four-dimensional mathematical model which conforms to current ICF experiment conditions, the longitudinal and horizontal rules of SRRS effect on ICF laser drive beam with the variation of pump light distribution on space was obtained. The research provided a support for the parameters choice of ICF laser drive and the optimization of output beam quality.

In this paper, we study the relay-based communication schemes for cooperative spectrum sharing among multiple primary users (PUs) and multiple secondary users (SUs) with incomplete information. Inspired by contract theory, we model the network as a labor market. In this market, PUs and SUs are regarded as employer and employee respectively. Each PU proposes certain contracts to attract the SUs, the contract include relay power and spectrum access time, each SU maximize its utility by selecting the most suitable contract. But PUs and SUs have conflicting objectives in contract content. To tackle this problem, we put forward to a centralized maximizing expectation utility scheme, which convert the optimal contract design into an optimization problem. After that, a approximate method for solving the optimization problem is proposed. Simulation results show that the losses of PUs’ total utilities caused by incomplete information and approximate algorithm are relatively small, especially when the number of SUs is very large.

We investigate the problem of achieving utility function optimization for distributed channel selection using game theoretic solutions in opportunistic spectrum access system, where secondary users are spatially located and mutual interference only emerges between neighboring users. In addition, interference graph of spatial position is introduced to measure interference and evaluate the possible opportunities of spectrum access. Based on this we propose an optimization problem of minimizing loss throughput, which is solved by a game theory and an optimal channel selection set is derived. The main work of this paper is to prove that this game is an exact potential game, which has at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium. Finally simulation results is given to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Especially meanwhile after considering spatial reuse by users’ position, the system throughput is significantly increased, thus the spectrum utilization rate is effectively improved.

The topic of unrepairable system is an important content in system reliability theory. There are many reasons cannot be repaired, some because of technical reasons, cannot repair, some because of economic reasons, not worth to repair, and some because of making repairable system simplification. So it is essential to pay attention to unrepairable systems. In this paper, the lifetimes of unrepairable systems are considered as uncertain variables. Based on that, the fundamental mathematical models of series systems, parallel systems, series-parallel systems and parallel-series systems are established, respectively. Furthermore, we make reliability analysis of above four unrepairable systems, respectively. Some numerical examples are also given for illustration.

In order to accurately predict the traffic journey intensity of residents along the highway, according to the mechanisms of production of the traveling, analyze the influences of traffic journey intensity of residents from the three angles including residents' willingness to travel, destination’s attraction, traffic resistance, and predict the traveling intensity combined with the unconstrained gravity model. Then introduce the sensitivity of travel cost and analyze the impact of sensitivity of traveling cost on the traffic journey intensity. Finally, with an instance of the radiation areas of Zhaoma highway in Yunnan, calculate the calibration parameters in the unconstrained gravity model combined with the increase method and analyze the sensitivity of traveling cost within the scope of radiation areas. The results show that there is significant exponential relationship between the traffic journey intensity and the sensitivity, and it can provide some theoretical basis for the trip distribution; the gravity model is reliable and viable in some degree, and has a certain guiding significance for planning the road infrastructures.

Multi-hop Ad-hoc networks is an important organization way for Internet of Things. Through the simulation and analysis in high data load conditions, it can be seen that packet loss is not mainly caused by the change of data links，but the data collisions in MAC layer. What's more, the data collisions affect the routing constructions in NET layer. Therefore, packet loss is not only related to the routing algorithm, but also closely connected with point-to-point transmission performance in MAC layer. So we proposed a cross-layer scheme between the MAC layer and the NET layer. Through the simulation and analysis, it can be proved that this scheme improves the packet delivery, decreases the end-to-end delay and reduces the routing cost, applies to low speed mobile net-works and high data load scene.

In applications such as target detection, domain knowledge of sensed data is often available. In this paper, we incorporate the available domain knowledge into clustering process and develop a knowledge-driven Mahalanobis distance-based ART (adaptive resonance theory) clustering algorithm. The strength of the knowledge-driven algorithm is that it can automatically determine the number of clusters with improved clustering results. The validity of the new algorithm has been verified on four artificial datasets. In addition, the algorithm has been adopted in our cognition-inspired system for clustering data stream, where known target library and dispersion of feature or attributes are available. The basic idea of this system is to divide data stream into frames, and to incorporate knowledge learned in previous frames into clustering of the following ones. Experimental studies have demonstrated that the evolving learning mechanism leads to improved clustering results compared with conventional incremental clustering algorithm Fuzzy ART and batch-based clustering algorithm k-means.

Using 2000-2011 MODIS and 1998-2008 SPOT-4/5 satellites NDVI data, with maximum value composites (MVCs) method and linear regression analysis, the dynamic vegetation monitoring change in 1999-2011 of the vegetation coverage in Shendong coal mining area was analyzed. It is revealed that the NDVI in Shendong increases integrally, and the land vegetation coverage in most of the mining area is improved. The vegetation coverage overall showed an upward trend in using simple linear regression analysis, NDVI from MODIS and SPOT data was analyzed both inter-annual and intra-annual change. The spatial pattern of using NDVI calculated that the increase rate of NDVI average of SPOT and MODIS was 9.90%/10a. Temperature, air pressure, rainfall, solar radiation and other meteorological indicators have similar phenological seasonal variations with vegetation coverage. Moreover, NDVI has an obvious correlation with meteorological factors, such as temperature, rainfall, air pressure.

Currently, the combined push-pull model is usually applied in the resource monitoring under cloud computing environment. However, the quantity of data gathered by the producers is much less than those received by the monitor so that a lot of resource is wasted. In order to maintain the data consistency of real time system, an improved adaptive algorithm based on combined push-pull model is proposed. The adaptive strategy is added on the producers that aims to predict when refreshes data came from the monitor using the history data. Experimental result shows that the algorithm can decrease the resource consumption while exchanging data effectively.

Enterprise informatization is a large system including: input, output, feedback, operation inside, executive action and incentive measures. Inner-enterprise can be seemed as an artificially social organization unit composing of various agents in a rigid formation. This paper mainly proposes an enterprise informatization associated with rigid formation theory of multi-agent. The connection between agents and enterprise factors is represented. The relationship between enterprise factors is described by potential function theory: the attractive force presents that all factors have the same opinion, and the repulsive force presents that all factors have the different opinion needed to be solved. Finally, the simulation proves that the model mentioned in this paper is effective.

Cloud computing integrates a large number of virtual resources and provides flexible service to users by pay-as-you-need. Compared with the traditional software systems, the fault detection is more complex and difficult in cloud computing systems. The fault model is helpful for people to find and distinguish the software fault. However, the current researches mostly focus on software fault model under the traditional environment. Based on the research of software fault model, this paper proposed the fault models in cloud computing systems combining with the characteristics of cloud computing. Then an improved C4.5 decision algorithm is used to distinguish the cloud fault. The experiment results showed that the fault model and improved algorithm is effective.

Ceramic surface pattern design plays a crucial role in enhancing the aesthetic appeal and functionality of ceramic products. Generally, in ceramic patterning, the manufacturing process involves stamping, painting, printing, and carving to create eyecatchingpatterns on the surface of the ceramic object. This research explores the influence of various design factors on ceramicsurface patterns, including symmetry, repetition, scale, orientation, and color. It delves into the psychological and perceptualeffects of symmetry, highlighting its ability to create visually pleasing and balanced ceramic designs. The study also examinesthe role of repetition in generating movement, rhythm, and visual interest in surface patterns, exploring different techniquessuch as regular, irregular, and rotational designs. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of considering the materialcharacteristics of ceramics in surface pattern design. Factors such as glaze compatibility, firing temperature, and surfacetexture influence the final appearance and durability of the patterns. Understanding these material considerations allowsdesigners to optimize their patterns for specific ceramic applications and production processes. The findings offer insights intoachieving optimal scale relationships within patterns to evoke desired visual effects and coherence. By manipulating thesedesign factors, unique and captivating ceramic surface patterns can be achieved. The result is a highly effective and efficientmethod for designing intricate and visually appealing ceramic surface patterns.

担保制度既是保障市场交易安全的基本手段，也是市场经济的有效调节工具。担保制度也历来是交易实践中异常活跃的领域。因此，担保制度的现代化关系到整个市场经济的健康发展。我国《民法典》为满足担保现代化的要求，对原有的担保制度特别是动产担保制度做了若干重要的修改。第一、借鉴美国统一商法典的功能主义的思想，立法者选择功能主义与形式主义相结合的方式，修改了担保物权部分。例如民法典第388条，通过宽泛认定担保物权的方式而扩大了担保物权法的适用范围，为承认今后发展中出现的新类型担保奠定了基础。第二、扩张了担保的财产范围，满足现代经济发展的需要。民法典允许对担保财产进行概括描述，这样的制度设计赋予当事人更大的自主权，为未来财产的抵押或者质押预留发展空间。第三、缓和了物权法定原则，为当事人约定创设担保提供了制度上的便利。第四、统一了动产担保的登记公示，建立电子化的动产担保物权登记系统。动产典型担保和非典型担保，权利的典型担保和非典型担保，动产担保和权利担保适用相同规则。第五、通过若干民法典的法律条文，建立担保物权竞存时的顺位规则。《民法典》第414条第1款中确立了“登记在先、效力在先”的一般规则。《民法典》第416条建立了特殊规则。当购买价金抵押权满足一定公示要件后，法律上赋予其超级优先权地位，使其可以对抗相同标的上在先设立并登记的其他担保物权。因此又被称为超级优先权规则。第六、为鼓励担保交易，促进物尽其用，民法典第406条允许抵押人在抵押权设定后转让抵押财产。该法律条文修改了以前《物权法》第191条的规定。第七、立法机关参考了新修订的《法国民法典》的规定。《民法典》第428条不再禁止约定流质条款，而是规定“只能依法就抵押财产优先受偿”。第八、设置了正常经营买受人规则。即以动产抵押的，不得对抗正常经营活动中已经支付合理价款并取得抵押财产的买受人。该规则免除了正常经营买受人的查询义务，为买受人的信赖利益和交易安全提供保护。《民法典》第404条将该规则的适用范围从浮动抵押扩展到动产抵押,进一步降低了交易成本，提高了交易效率。以上这些改造有助于我国形成统一的动产和权利担保交易法律框架，进一步推动我国市场经济的发展。

The security system is both a fundamental tool for securing market transactions and effective regulatory tool for the market economy. The security system has also traditionally been an exceptionally active area of trading practice. Therefore, the modernization of the security system is related to the healthy development of the whole market economy. Our Civil Code has made several important changes to the original security system, especially the movable security system, in order to meet the requirements of security modernization. First, drawing on the idea of functionalism in the U.S. Uniform Commercial Code, the legislator chose to combine functionalism with formalism by modifying the section on security interests. Article 388 of the Civil Code, for example, expands the scope of application of the law of security rights by broadly identifying security rights, laying the groundwork for recognizing new types of security as they develop in the future. Second, the scope of secured property is expanded to meet the needs of modern economic development. The Civil Code allows for a general description of secured property to be described. Such a system design gives the parties greater autonomy and leaves room for the development of future mortgages or pledges of property. Thirdly, it eases the principle of numerus clausus and provides institutional convenience for parties to agree to create security. Fourth, it unifies the registration and publicity of movable security and establishes an electronic registration system for security rights in movable property. The same rules apply to typical and atypical guarantees of movable property, typical and atypical guarantees of rights, and guarantees of movable assets and rights. Fifth, through several legal provisions of the Civil Code, rules of priority in case of competing security rights are established. The general rule of “prior registration, prior effectiveness” is established in Article 414, paragraph 1, of the Civil Code. Article 416 of the Civil Code establishes special rules. When a purchase price mortgage satisfies certain publicity requirements, the law grants it super-priority status against other security rights in the same subject matter that were created and registered earlier. Therefore, it is called super priority rule. Sixth, in order to encourage secured transactions and promote the use of property to its fullest extent, Article 406 of the Civil Code allows the mortgagor to transfer the mortgaged property after the creation of mortgage. This legal provision changes the previous provision of Article 191 of the Property Law. Seventh, the legislature referred to the provisions of the newly revised French Civil Code. Article 428 of the Civil Code no longer prohibits the agreement of a fluidity clause, but provides that “only have priority to be paid from the pledged property in accordance with law”. Eighth, the rule of buyer in ordinary course of business is set. That is, a mortgage on movable property shall not be held against a buyer who has paid a reasonable price and acquired the mortgaged property in the ordinary course of business. This rule exempts the buyer in ordinary business from the duty of inquiry and provides protection for the buyer’s reliance interests and transaction security. Article 404 of the Civil Code extends the application of the rule from floating mortgages to mortgages on movable property. It further reduces the transaction cost and improves the efficiency of the transaction. These above-mentioned transformations help China form a unified legal framework for secured transactions of movable property and rights, and further promote the development of China's market economy.

In this article I analyze the China-Russia strategic partnership of cooperation from a constructivist perspective. By employing Wendt’s concepts and structures of identity to understand relations between China and Russia, and their relations with other countries, I seek to elucidate the drivers of the current China- Russia partnership and shed light on the reasons why, despite burgeoning ties, the two countries have not established a formal alliance. I argue that both China and Russia are in the process of reconstructing their national identities while also integrating into the international community. There exists an ideational foundation for the China-Russia strategic partnership, but divergent concepts of harmony and honor make China and Russia act differently when interacting with a third party in the international community. I argue that China and Russia are still on the way to forming a shared concept of strategic partnership. Beijing and Moscow are not likely to set an alliance arrangement against a third party in the foreseeable future.

This paper explored multi-brand strategies of China's leading sports fashion companies-Anta, Li-Ning, and Xtep-and analyzed impact of multi-brand strategy on positioning and financial performance of these companies. Factors leading to successful multi-brand strategy in the sportswear industry were also examined. Anta has adopted a "Single Focus, Multi-brand, Globalization" strategy, diversifying its portfolio to include high-performance sportswear, children's sportswear, and premium outdoor gear, aiming to enhance corporate sales and brand differentiation. Li-Ning, pursuing a "single brand, multi-channel" strategy, focuses on category expansion and brand premiumization, although it faces challenges in brand distinction, particularly post-COVID-19. Xtep has positioned itself as a provider of cost-effective sports apparel while expanding into high-end markets. It struggles with brand positioning and profitability amidst expanding its brand portfolio. These findings suggest that a well-executed multi-brand strategy not only fosters brand growth and diversification, but also enhances competitive advantage in the rapidly evolving sportswear industry.