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The objectives of this research are (1) identifying duties of machine tool operators in small and medium enterprises; and (2) identifying tasks carried out by machine tool operators in small and medium enterprises. This research uses descriptive research method. The study participants were eight machine tool operators from five small and medium enterprises in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods of data collection using document review, observation, questionnaires and focus group discussions. Data analysis using descriptive analysis. Results of research: (1) 5 duties done by machine tool operator are identified (maintain safe work environment, maintain the machine tools, analyze blueprint, perform machining operations, clean machine and workplace), and (2) 27 tasks executed by machine tool operator are identified; 22 knowledge and skills; 17 behaviours; and 18 machines, tools and equipment required by machine operators.

Currently, many companies are interested in (Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Nonetheless, technical imperfection and the uncertainty of Return on Investment (ROI) is discouraging the companies’ intention to implement RFID. Accordingly, while a number of companies concede the efficiency of RFID, few of them expresses enthusiasm, making a rain check to adopt RFID. Moreover, the recent economic depression has down-sized the companies’ investment on Information Technology (IT), subsequently hindering RFID implementation. In adopting RFID, the collaboration of supply chain is the most importance factor. Therefore, in implementing RFID, many companies reinforced collaboration of supply chain. Therefore, this study will focus on performing an analysis on several factors which influence the intention to adoption of RFID, such as the human factor, technology factor, vender factor and task factor. The results of this study will provide useful guidelines for RFID adoption strategy to Korean companies.

As the desire for the better service is increased, the community based rehabilitation(CBR) on community has been considered as the one of the alternative services which is adequate to our realities. The purpose of this study is to serve basic task in order to strengthen the CBR. The social worker's participation in CBR is necessary in a variety of ways, to ensure quality-service. Although CBR needs the social worker's help, they are limited to participation due to unstable CBR policy, a lack of financial support and small number of workers. The active experts participation is needed for effective service, therefore the trained social worker's participation is absolutely necessary. First, we hope that the system in CBR will spread out all over the country and be contributed to the promotion of national health and social welfare. CBR and serve inhabitants with superior rehabilitation service. Second, it is vital point of CBR that social workers are customary contact with family members and with community. Therefore, related laws must be amended in order to expand the field of workers. Third, rehabilitation services must be made not by individuals of specialists but by teams of specialists. Social workers who are members of specialists teams, must communicate informations to each other continuously in order to improve service quality. Finally, we must reinforce education for CBR such as, regular training of officials, required courses in colleges, and programs for inhabitants, which will improve internal potentials of each communities.

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 뇌졸중 환자에게 Dynavision 중재 이후 과제를 수행하는 동안 시각적 주의력의변화를 확인하는 것이다. 연구방법 : ABAB 개별실험 연구방법을 적용하여 뇌졸중 환자 3명을 대상으로 중재기간 동안 Dynavision 중재를 적용하였으며 시지각 과제를 수행하는 동안 시선추적기 검사를 매회기 반복 측정하였다. 결과분석을 위해 시각적 그래프를 제시하고 2표준편차 밴드와 경향선 분석을 실시하였다. 결과 : 안구고정, 안구도약, 시선추적의 2표준편차 밴드 분석결과 대상자 3명 모두 중재기와 중재회기 기간동안 2회기 이상 연속으로 높은 시각적 주의력을 유지하였다. 경향선 분석결과에서도 중재기와 중재회기 기간동안 상향되는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 검사지 정답률은 시선추적기 분석결과와 비교하여 기초선 회기에서증가되는 경향을 보였으며 중재기보다 중재회기에서 더욱 가파르게 상향되는 경향을 보였다. 결론 : 뇌졸중 환자에게 Dynavision 중재는 과제를 수행하는 동안 시각적 주의력 향상에 효과가 있었다. 또한 시선추적기를 이용한 측정방법은 검사지의 학습효과를 보완할 수 있는 객관적 측정방법 중 하나로활용할 수 있을 것이다.

Objective : This study examined effect of Dynavision training on visual attention while conducting tasks after a stroke, and performed an eye-tracker analysis. Methods : Across an ABAB single-subject research design, three stroke patients conducted Dynavision training during the intervention period, and the eye-tracker evaluated their visual attention after each session. A visual analysis was conducted using a graph, and the changes in the values were analyzed through two standard deviations and the trend line. Results : The values of eye fixation, eye saccade, and eye scan-path remained high within the two standard deviation band more than twice during the intervention and reversal intervention period. The trend line for the intervention and reversal intervention period was steep. The trend line for the percentage of correct answers on paper was increased during the reversal baseline period. In addition, the trend for the line reversal intervention period was steeper than for the intervention period. Conclusion : Dynavision training after a stroke affected the visual attention while conducting tasks, and an eye-tracker evaluation was more objective than a pencil-paper evaluation.

본 연구는 ChatGPT의 대유행으로 촉발된 인공지능이라고 하는 최근의 사회적 변 화와 시대적 요청에 대처하여 한국의 교회교육이 지향해야 할 과제를 제안하는 것을 그 목적으로 한다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 소고는 저명한 실천신학자이자 기독교교육학자인 아스머(Richard R. Osmer)가 제안한 실천신학의 네 가지 과제를 그 기초로 삼는다. 아스머의 실천신학의 과제들은 (1) 적절하고 유용한 자료를 수집하 고 이를 바탕으로 연구의 대상에 대한 올바른 이해를 추구하는 기술적-실증적 과제, (2) 연구 대상에 대한 이해에 더해 연구 대상과 관련된 상황, 원인, 이유 등에 대한 깊이 있는 분석을 시도하는 해석적 과제, (3) 앞선 두 과제의 결과를 바탕으로 종합학 문적인 접근을 통해 연구 대상과 관련된 신학적 및 윤리적 규범을 정립하는 규범적 과제, 그리고 (4) 정립된 규범을 바탕으로 기독교인과 교회가 실제로 실천에 옮길 수 있는 구체적이고도 실제적인 방안을 찾고 결단하며 실행하는 실용적 과제로 구성된 다. 이어서 본 연구는 이 네 가지 과제로부터 착안하여 한국교회가 실천하기에 힘쓸 교회교육의 과제로 (1) 인공지능 및 그 시대와 관련된 적절하게 선별된 자료를 바탕 으로 성도들로 하여금 인공지능의 시대를 명확하게 또 총체적으로 이해하고 분별하도 록 돕는 기술적-실증적 과제를, (2) 교인들로 하여금 인공지능에 대한 지식뿐만 아니 라 인공지능의 영향, 효과, 기저의 사상이나 신념 등을 기독교적 가치관 및 정신을 중 심으로 적절하게 파악하고 평가하도록 지원하는 해석적 과제를, (3) 하나님의 뜻과 인 간의 존엄성을 기초로 인공지능 시대에 요구되는 도덕적 및 윤리적 원칙을 교인들과 함께 (재)정립하는 규범적 과제를, 그리고 (4) 기독교인으로 하여금 이 원칙을 연속성 과 유연성의 조화, 상대적 약자에 대한 배려와 돌봄, 생명의 고귀함과 인간 존엄성의 수호라는 방향을 바탕으로 현실에서 구체적인 실천으로 바꿀 수 있도록 힘을 주는 실용적 과제를 제안한다.

This study aims to propose the tasks that Korean church education should pursue in response to the recent societal changes and demands of the ‘artificial intelligence’(AI) era triggered by the unprecedented trend of ChatGPT. To achieve this goal, this paper is grounded in the four tasks of practical theology proposed by world-renowned practical theologian and Christian education scholar Richard R. Osmer. Osmer’s practical theology tasks consist of (1) the descriptive-empirical task of collecting appropriate and useful data and seeking a proper understanding of the subject matter of practical theology, (2) the interpretive task of delving into an in-depth analysis of situations, causes, reasons, and related aspects connected to the subject matter, in addition to the understanding, (3) the normative task of (re)establishing theological and ethical norms related to the subject matter through interdisciplinary approaches based on the results of the previous two tasks, and (4) the pragmatic task of searching, making decisions, and embodying concrete and practical ways of action for Christians and churches, grounded in these (re)established norms. Subsequently, this article suggests the tasks of Korean church education, aligned with these four foundational tasks, as follows: (1) the descriptive-empirical task that assists individuals in clearly and comprehensively understanding and discerning the AI era through appropriately selected resources, (2) the interpretive task that enables Christians to aptly scrutinize and evaluate not only knowledge about AI but also its impact, effects, underlying ideologies, or beliefs, within the context of Christian values and spirit, (3) the normative task that (re)constructs, in conjunction with congregations, moral and ethical principles demanded by God’s will and human dignity in the age of AI, and (4) the practical task that empowers communities to transform these principles into concrete actions of Christian faith and living in reality, based on a harmonious blend of continuity and flexibility, consideration and care for the vulnerable, and the preservation of the sanctity of life and human dignity.

본 연구에서는 산업단지의 현주소와 지금까지의 산업단지에 대한 정부의 지원정책을 살펴보고 대전환의 시대 산업단지의 문제점과 개선점을 살펴본 후 산업단지를 어떻게 하면 혁신할 수 있는지, 그 방안과 과제를 제시 해보고자 한다. 결론을 요약하면, 국가 경제의 주축인 산업단지의 경쟁력과 혁신을 제고 하기 위해 정부, 지역혁 신기관, 기업이 협력하는 거버넌스 체계를 구축하여 대전환기에 적합한 산업단지로 변모, 우수 산업단지를 육성 해야 하고 정부 각 부처의 정책과 예산 투입을 적극 지원하는 것이 시급하다.

In this study, we look at the current address of industrial complexes and the government's support policies for industrial complexes so far, examine the problems and improvements of industrial complexes in the era of great transformation, and then suggest how to innovate industrial complexes, and suggest the plans and tasks. want to report. To summarize the conclusion, in order to enhance the competitiveness and innovation of industrial complexes, which are the main axis of the national economy, a governance system in which the government, regional innovation organizations, and businesses cooperate must be established to transform industrial complexes suitable for the transition period and foster excellent industrial complexes. It is urgent to actively support the policy and budget input of each government department.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 DACUM 기법을 적용해 메디컬 스킨케어에서 피부관리사의 직무를 정의하고 기술하여 단계별 업무의 범위 를 체계화하고자 한다. 또한 직무의 중요도, 난이도, 활용 빈도를 확인하여 메디컬 스킨케어 산업 및 교육현장에서 활용할 수 있는 기초 자료로 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 메디컬 스킨케어 종사자의 직무 연구를 위하여 현장 실무 경험이 많은 전문가 5명을 DACUM 위원으로 선정하였다. DACUM 분석 결과 메디컬 스킨케어 종사자의 직무를 9개의 책무와 18개의 작업으로 도출되었다. 결과: 본 연구에서 메디컬 스킨케어 종사자의 직무를 피부과 전문의를 통해 피부의 문제에 관해 전문적인 진단을 받은 고객에게 미용의료 프 로그램을 적용한 의료기기 사용과 코스메슈티컬 화장품을 이용한 관리를 수행하는 것으로 정의하였다. 데이컴 결과 메디컬 스킨케 어 직무 중에서 '병원 리셉션 실무 알기', '인체 해부 생리지식 이해하기', '미용기기 실무 이해하기' 중요도, 난이도, 활용빈도가 높게 나타났으며, 메디컬 위생관리의 중요도와 활용빈도가 높게 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 메디컬 스킨케어 종사자 직무의 표준화 를 제시하고 교육과정 개발에 자료로 활용되기를 바란다.

Purpose: This study aimed to systematize the scope of work through a stepwise definition and description of the job of esthetician in medical skincare by applying the developing a curriculum (DACUM) technique. In addition, the importance, difficulty, and frequency of use of the job was checked and provided as basic data that can be used in the medical skincare industry and educational sites. Methods: For the job research of medical skincare workers, a total of five experts with extensive field experience were selected as DACUM members. As a result of DACUM analysis, the jobs of medical skincare workers were derived from 9 duties and 18 tasks. Results: In this study, the job of medical skincare workers was defined as the use of medical devices with a cosmetic medical program and management of cosmeceutical products, which are applied to customers who have been professionally diagnosed with skin problems by a dermatologist. As a result of DACUM, among the medical skincare jobs, the importance, difficulty, and frequency of use of “knowing hospital reception practice,” “understanding human anatomy physiological knowledge,” and “understanding beauty equipment practice” were high. The importance and frequency of use of “medical hygiene management” were also high. Conclusion: The findings of this study present standardization of medical skincare workers’ jobs and provide data for the development of the curriculum.

目的: 本研究旨在通过应用开发课程（DACUM）技术逐步定义和描述医学护肤美容师的工作，使工作范围系 统化。此外，检查并提供了该工作的重要性、难度和使用频率，作为可用于医疗护肤行业和教育网站的基础 数据。方法: 针对医学护肤工作者的工作调研，共选择5名具有丰富现场经验的专家作为DACUM成员。作为 DACUM 分析的结果，医疗护肤工作者的工作来自 9 个职责和 18 个任务。结果: 在本研究中，医学护肤工作者 的工作被定义为使用具有美容医疗计划的医疗器械和药妆产品管理，这些产品适用于由皮肤科医生专业诊断出 皮肤问题的客户。因达康，在医疗护肤岗位中，“了解医院接待实践”、“了解人体解剖生理知识”、“了解美容设 备实践”的重要性、难度和使用频率均较高。 “医疗卫生管理”的重要性和使用频率也很高。结论: 本研究的结果 提出了医学护肤工作者工作的标准化，并为课程开发提供了数据。

As development of farming and fishing areas comprehensively deals with their environment and activities, considerable interdisciplinary expertism on farming and rural areas is needed. In farming and fishing fields which are poor in human resources, roles of regional development consultants who will lead regional development are very important. Korea Rural Community Corporation has managed a civil qualification system for development consultants for farming and fishing rural since 2010 along with educational programs to nurture specialists in development of farming and fishing villages. The development qualification system is to certify specialists in investigation for regional development, regional planning and consulting, promotion planning and consulting for farming and industrial business. To raise its status as an authorized system, job analysis as a special job should be made. This study aims to define the concept of a farming and fishing rural development consultant and identify their main duties and sub-duties using DACUM. The DACUM methodology is widely used in vocational education fields because curricula in vocational education don't adequately mirror the needs of the work fields. The job analysis of farming and fishing rural development consultant revealed 4 duties, 15 tasks.

Purpose: This study intends to set standard for organizing the curriculum of short-term dental technicians and the change of job environment, as well as the knowledge & training, by identifying the importance and actual job performance of dental technicians following job analysis in the university education of Dept. of Dental Laboratory Technology, and furthermore to foster junior executives to cope with modernization and globalization. Methods: The tools used in this study are based on the job analysis of research report suggested by National Health Personnel Licensing Examination Board(Lee Gyu-seon, 2011), and it consists of general characteristic 7 items. Every competence duty was measured through Likert 5 point gauging, and internal consistency through Cronbach’s Alpha. The competence importance of entire questionnaire was .984 and its performance was .874, reflecting considerably high level, and in terms of each competence duty, high credibility was proved and high internal consistency was verified with competence importance ranging from the minimum .655 to the maximum .966 and its performance ranging from the minimum .677 to the maximum .993. Results: Competence importance and its performance in each duty on the job analysis of dental technicians were measured. In competence importance in each duty, the highest was “checking design order form”(average, 4.52), followed by “selling dental prosthesis°”(average 4.49), “making removable orthodontic appliance”(average, 4.48), “open managing dental laboratory”(average, 4.46) in order. However, “making complete denture” was found the lowest(average, 4.23), with importance of all competence dutys was considerably high level. In the performance of its competence duty, “checking design order form”(average, 4.04) was found to be the most importance competence, followed by “making conservative restoration”(average, 4.00), “making porcelain” (average 3.98), “checking working cast”(average, 3.90) in order. However it was found out that “making fixed orthodontic appliance”(average, 3.12) was the lowest, and the importance of all competence dutys was quite high level. Conclusion: The duties of dental technicians consist of 13 kinds, in total, and it was found out that “checking design order form”(average, 4.52) was the most important in the competence importance and job performance. In particular, it was revealed that there was a great difference between the competence importance and its performance in the order of “selling dental prosthesis”, “open managing dental laboratory”, “making removable orthodontic appliance”, “making CAD/CAM prosthesis”, and then “making fixed orthodontic appliance”.

This study aims to present and analyze the performance and limits of interpreting and translation studies conducted in the Chinese linguistics field in Korea for the past twenty years since the establishment of Korea-China amity, and to seek future perspectives of study and its tasks. In this period, researchers focused on human translation of various units including lexicons or entire texts in literary, scholarly and complex genre or unknown genre. Researchers carried out qualitative research by contrasting one text of another author in a foreign language as ST with other multiple texts of other authors or his or her own texts in a native language as TT. Diverse interests were touched upon in their studies from not only linguistic but also interpreting and translation perspectives. In addition, descriptive translation studies including linguistic, theoretical, pattern studies and prescribing studies based on descriptive studies were also conducted. Henceforth, extending the boundary of studies on characteristics of various genres and more than sentence units is crucial, and studies recognizing the differences between contrastive studies and interpreting and translation studies as well as supplementing the above mentioned factors should be continued.

To effective management and the construction time, cost saving, Korea has imposed Construction Management that has been developed sharply. Because the demand of Construction Management has increased, work duties or research on Construction Management are progressing at institutes. Although lots of research has progressed, research which is analyses on CM work elements and guidelines is insufficiency. This study makes the process of CM works suitable for Korea's law and construction practice to solve these problems. And actual procedures operated will be understanded by doing a survey. By comprehending duties that are performed by CMr, this study drew actual construction management tasks in construction site. Also effective manpower, time share are expected in the performance of construction management tasks. This study are expected to can assess CMr's performance and skill.

본 연구는 7 Minute Screen의 Enhanced Cued Recall Task(ECR)가 초기 알쯔하이머형 치매와 노인 우울증 집단을 변별하는 데 있어서의 유용성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. ECR 과제는 학습과 인출 단계에서 동일한 단서를 제공하여 기억의 효율성을 높임으로써 주의나 비효율적인 전략 등과 같은 다른 인지 영역이 기억에 미치는 영향을 최소화하기 위하여 제작되었다. 초기 알쯔하이머형 환자 집단 21명과 기억력 저하를 호소하는 우울증 환자 집단 21명을 대상으로 ECR, Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination(K-MMSE)의 기억 회상 과제, K-Auditory Verbal Learning Test (K-AVLT)를 시행하였다. 판별 분석 결과, 알쯔하이머형 치매 집단과 노인 우울증 집단에 대한 전체 분류 정확률은 100%로 나타났으며, 두 집단을 구분하는 데 중요한 변인은 ECR 과제의 총점과 K-AVLT의 재인 점수였다. 또한 ECR 과제는 K-MMSE 기억 회상 과제보다 더 높은 민감도, 특이도를 보였다. K-AVLT의 5회 회상 시행과 비교해서도 더 높은 특이도를 보였으며, 지연 회상, 재인 과제와도 유사한 민감도, 특이도를 보였다. 본 연구 결과는 초기 알쯔하이머형 치매 집단과 노인 우울증 집단을 변별하는 데 있어 ECR 과제의 유용함을 시사하였다.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the discriminative validity of the Enhanced Cued Recall Task(ECR) for early AD. The ECR induces semantic processing and coordinates encoding and retrieval for maximum recall by using the same category cues at learning and retrieval. Therefore the ECR reduces the influence of inefficient strategies or other cognitive process such as attention. There were 2 groups in this study: 21 early AD subjects; 21 geriatric depression subjects, who complained of memory decline, but, the results of comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation showed no impairment. The ECR, 3-word recall task of Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Korean Auditory Verbal Learning Test(K-AVLT) were administered. Discriminant analysis indicated that the overall percentage of correct classification was 100%. ECR total score, K-AVLT recognition, delayed recall scores were highly correlated with Function which discriminate early AD group from geriatric depression group. The ECR had a higher sensitivity and specificity than the 3-word recall task of K-MMSE and similar sensitivity and specificity to K-AVLT delayed recall and recognition. In conclusion, this study suggests that the ECR may be very useful for discriminating genuine memory impairment of early AD from memory complaints of geriatric depression.

본 연구는 충동성을 측정하는 행동과제 도구인 지연 디스카운팅 과제의 유용성을 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 충동성 관련 행동인 자기관리 수행능력 수준에 따라 지연 디스카운팅 과제 수행에 차이가 있는지 확인하였으며, 지연 디스카운팅 과제 및 자기보고식 설문, 자기관리 수행능력의 상관관계를 탐색하였다. 끝으로 자기관리 수행능력에 대한 지연 디스카운팅 과제의 독립적인 영향력을 살펴봤다. 참가자는 대학교에서 개설된 자기관리 수업의 수강생이었으며, 참가자들이 한 학기동안 직접 자기관리 프로젝트를 수행한 행동을 평가해 종속 변인으로 활용하였다. 연구 결과, 자기관리 수행능력 수준이 낮은 집단이 높은 집단에 비해 지연에 따라 감소되는 디스카운팅 정도가 큰 양상을 보였고, 통계적으로 유의하게 낮은 지연 디스카운팅 값을 보고하여 더 높은 충동성을 보여줬다. 지연 디스카운팅 과제와 자기보고식 설문 모두 자기관리 수행능력과 유의한 상관을 보였으나, 두 도구 간의 상관은 유의하지 않았다. 끝으로, 성별 및 자기보고식 설문 변인을 통제하고도 지연 디스카운팅 과제가 유의한 설명 변량이 있다고 보고되었다. 이 결과는 지연 디스카운팅 과제가 충동성 관련 행동을 설명하는 데 유용한 도구임을 보여줬으며, 충동성 연구에 자기보고식 설문과 행동과제 도구의 복합적인 사용이 필요함을 시사하였다. 이와 같은 의의와 더불어 한계점 및 추후 제언을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the utility of the Delay Discounting Task, one of the behavioral tasks that measure impulsivity. Self-management ability was used as a dependent variable for the impulsive behavior. First, the difference in the performance of delay discounting task between the high-level and low-level self-management ability groups was explored. Second, correlations among the delay discounting task, a self-report questionnaire, and self-management ability were investigated. Finally, through controlling a self-report questionnaire measure, the independent influence of the delay discounting task on self-management ability was examined. Participants were 74 undergraduate students attending a self-management course at the university. Individuals performed a self-management project during a semester of the course and submitted a report including all related behaviors at the end of the semester. The report was evaluated and used as a dependent variable. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) was used as a self-report questionnaire measure. Results showed that the low-level self-management ability group reported significantly lower value in delay discounting task than the high-level group; this reflected a higher level of impulsivity for the low-level group. Both BIS-11 and the delay discounting task were significantly correlated with self-management ability, yet the correlation between BIS-11 and the delay discounting task was not significant. Furthermore, significant effect of the delay discounting task on the self- management ability was found even after controlling gender and BIS-11. These results implied that the delay discounting task was a useful measure that indicated impulsivity-related behaviors differently than the self-report. This suggests the need to utilize two different measures when evaluating impulsivity. More implications and limitations are discussed.

본 연구는 아직 병적 도박 상태에 이르지 않은 위험성 도박집단의 의사결정 특성이 도박 중독 위험성이 없는 사교성 도박집단(통제집단)과 다른지를 아이오와 도박과제(Iowa Gambling Task: IGT)를 이용하여 살펴보았다. IGT는 보상 및 벌금의 크기와 벌금의 확률이 다른 여러 선택지들 중에서 참가자가 이익과 손실을 명확히 계산하지 못하는 채로 선택을 계속하면서 점차로 유리한 선택을 하게 되는 과제이기 때문에 암묵적 의사결정 능력을 검사하는 데 많이 사용된다. 실험 결과, 사교성 도박집단에 비해 위험성 도박집단은 더 많은 돈을 잃었고 시행이 진행되어도 유리한 선택을 하지 못했다. 또한 벌금이 자주 부과되는 선택에서는 두 집단 간에 차이가 없었으나 벌금이 드물게 부과되는 선택에서는 두 집단이 달랐다. 즉 위험성 도박집단은 매번 보상이 크지만 가끔씩 큰 벌금이 부과되는 선택을, 사교성 도박집단은 매번 보상이 작지만 가끔씩 작은 벌금이 부과되는 선택을 선호했다. 따라서 사교성 도박집단에 비해 위험성 도박집단은 위험 회피보다는 이익 추구에 중점을 두어 모험적인 선택을 하는 것으로 생각된다. 위험성 도박집단은 아직 심각한 도박 중독 상태에 빠지지는 않았으나 병적 도박집단과 유사한 의사결정 패턴을 나타내는 것으로 보이며 이는 위험성 도박집단에 대한 조기 개입의 필요성을 시사한다.

This study compared the decision making process of risky gamblers with that of normal controls (social gamblers) using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). This task is often used to test implicit decision-making ability because participants select continuously among four different card decks, which differ in terms of the size of the reward and fine, and the probability of receiving a fine. The risky gambler group showed inferior performance to that of the control group on the IGT; they lost more money overall than the controls did. In addition, the two groups showed different preferences when choosing card decks with infrequent fines. That is, the risky gamblers preferred the card deck with big rewards and infrequent big fines, whereas the controls preferred the card deck with small rewards and infrequent small fines. When the fine was given frequently, the groups did not differ regardless of the size of the reward. It seems that risky gamblers focus on the pursuit of profit, which leads to risky decisions. In contrast, social gamblers seem to focus on risk avoidance. The results suggest that risky gamblers who have not yet fallen into compulsive gambling show impaired decision-making, as pathological gamblers do.

목적 : 본 연구는 작업치료 활동에서 대상자의 몰입상태정도를 측정하는 한글판 작업과제 몰입상태척도(Korean version of Flow State Scale for Occupational Task: K-FSSOT)를 개발하는 것이다. 연구방법 : 한글판 작업과제 몰입상태척도 개발을 위해 체계적인 번안과정을 거쳐 타당도 및 신뢰도검증을 하였다. 타당도 검증은 작업치료사 10명의 내용타당도와 환자 20명의 문항이해도 조사를 통해CVI 값을 산출하였다. 신뢰도 검증은 환자 33명의 내적일치도 및 검사-재검사 신뢰도를 조사하였다. 결과 : 내용타당도의 문항별 I-CVI 값은 .90~1.00으로 나타났고, 전체 항목의 평균인 S-CVI 값은 .97로적절한 것으로 확인되었다. 신뢰도 검증 결과 전체 문항의 내적일치도 값은 .855로 높은 수준으로나타났으며, 검사-재검사 신뢰도 값은 .894(p<.01)로 높은 상관관계를 보임으로 높은 신뢰도가 확인되었다. 결론 : K-FSSOT가 대상자의 참여와 몰입을 고민하는 작업치료사에게 작업치료 활동을 수행하는 대상자의몰입상태정도를 측정하는데 유용한 도구로 활용되기를 기대한다.

Objective : This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the Flow State Scale for Occupational Task (K-FSSOT), to measure the level of a flow experience of a subject in occupational therapy activities. Methods : To develop a measure of K-FSSOT, validity and reliability were verified through a systematic development process. The validity was verified by calculating the content validity index (CVI) through the content validity of 10 occupational therapists and a question-and-answer survey of 20 patients. Reliability was verified by investigating the internal consistency and examination-re-test reliability of 33 patients. Results : The item-CVI for each question in the content feasibility study was .90 to 1.00, and the scale-CVI, which is the average of the whole item, was found to be appropriate at .97. The verification of reliability indicated that the intrinsic value of the entire question was high at .855, and the test-retest reliability value was high at .894 (p<.01), showing a high correlation, and very high reliability. Conclusion : K-FSSOT could be used as a useful tool to measure the level of a flow experience of the target in performing occupational therapy activities for occupational therapists concerned about the participation and flow experience of the target.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify differences in perceived task performance, task importance, and educational needs for novice-level tasks among neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses with varying levels of clinical experience and to provide foundational data for developing systematic educational programs to strengthen the competencies of novice nurses. Methods: Participants were recruited from the NICUs of three hospitals?one university-affiliated hospital and two general hospitals located in Busan, South Korea. Using convenience sampling, 116 staff nurses with at least 3 months of NICU experience were surveyed between March and November 2025. For comparative analysis, participants were divided into three career groups based on their NICU experience: <3 years, 3?9 years, and ≥9 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, and the Scheffe test with IBM SPSS ver. 25.0, and importance?performance analysis (IPA) was conducted to prioritize educational needs. Results: Across all career groups, the “direct nursing performance” domain showed the highest task performance. Novice nurses with <3 years of experience reported significantly higher performance in central line care and transfusion management than those with ≥9 years of experience. The IPA identified central line management, and transfusion management as priority areas for improvement, while vital sign monitoring, respiratory surveillance and discharge education for parents were common educational needs regardless of experience level. Conclusion: Educational programs for novice NICU nurses should focus on strengthening patient safety?related competencies and should be progressively structured with simulation and case-based learning to enhance clinical performance

Objective: This study was to develop and verify the effects of the exercise-cognitive combined dual-task training program on cognitive function and depression of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment(MCI). Methods: The subjects were randomly assigned to the exercise-cognitive combined dual-task training group(n=32) or single-task training group(n=31). To identify the effects on cognitive function, general cognitive function, frontal lobe function, and attention/working memory were measured. Depression was evaluated using Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale. The outcome measurements were performed before and after the 8 weeks of intervention(2 days per week). Results: After 8 weeks, general cognitive function, frontal cognitive function, attention/working memory function, depression of the dual-task training group were significantly increased than those of the single-task training group(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that an exercise-cognitive combined dual-task training for MCI was effective in improving general cognitive function, frontal /executive function, attention/working memory function and reducing depression.

목적 : 본 연구에서는 발달성협응장애와 발달성협응장애 아동을 대상으로 한 과제-중심 접근법을 문헌 고 찰을 통하여 알아보고자 하였다. 본론 : 본 연구는 발달성협응장애의 정의, 진단, 원인, 평가에 대한 전반적인 개요를 제시한다. 또한 신경 운동과제훈련(Neuromotor Task Training; NTT)과 인지기반작업수행(Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance; CO-OP)의 중재 전략에 대해 알아보기 위해 2000년 1월부터 2023년 9 월까지 게재된 국외 문헌 18편을 분석하였다. 선정된 문헌에서 언급된 중재의 목적은 작업치료 실행체계 4판(Occupational Therapy Practice Framework-4; OTPF-4)의 기준에 따라 분류하였다. 분류 결 과, NTT는 클라이언트 요인(client factor) 영역에 대한 목표 설정의 빈도가 높았고, CO-OP는 작업 (occupation) 영역에 대한 목표만을 설정하였다. 이러한 목표 설정의 차이는 두 중재 간 전략의 차이로 설명된다. 결론 : 발달성협응장애에 대한 전반적인 개요와 과제-중심 접근법의 중재에 대한 전략의 이해는 질환에 대한 인식도를 높이고 근거 기반 임상을 위한 기초 자료가 될 것이다.

Objective : This study aimed to provide an overview of task-oriented approaches for children with developmental coordination disorder, including its definition, diagnosis, causes, and assessment, through a literature review. Subject : Eighteen international articles published between January 2000 and September 2023 were analyzed to explore the intervention strategies of Neuromotor Task Training (NTT) and Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP). The objectives of the interventions mentioned in the reviewed articles were categorized according to the criteria of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework-4 (OTPF-4). The results showed that NTT more frequently set goals in the area of client factors, while CO-OP set goals only in the area of occupation. This difference in goal setting can be explained by the strategy differences between the two interventions. Conclusion : A broader and deeper understanding of strategies for interventions with task-oriented approaches to developmental coordination disorder can increase awareness of the disorder and provide a more solid basis for evidence-based practice.

목적 : 본 연구는 발달지연의 아동을 대상으로 과제지향의 중재를 사용하여 시-운동 협응과 소운동 협응 기능의 변화를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 연구대상은 6세의 여아 1명이었다. 아동은 진단은 받지 않았으나 전반적인 기능에 발달지연을 보였다. 연구기간은 2021년 2월 5일부터 6월 4일까지이었고, 연구 설계는 단일대상연구 A-B를 사용하 였다. 기초선 A는 초기 3회기로 아동의 기능 파악을 위해 초기평가를 하였다. 중재기 B는 12회기로 과 제지향의 중재(task-oriented intervention)를 사용하였다. 기초선과 중재기에 동일하게 아동의 시-운 동 협응 기능을 측정하기 위해 한국판 시지각발달검사 3판의 타원그리기를 실시하였고, 소운동 협응 기 능을 측정하기 위해 Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills(COMPS)의 손가락-코 짚기 를 실시하였다. 회기별 변화도는 그림으로 제시하였다. 결과 : 한국판 시지각발달검사 3판의 타원그리기의 기초선 평균은 23점이었고, 중재기 평균은 39.66점으로 기초선에 비해 중재기의 평균이 16점 이상 향상되었다. COMPS의 손가락-코 짚기의 기초선 평균은 0 점이었고, 중재기 평균은 5.08점으로 기초선에 비해 중재기의 평균이 5점 이상 향상되었다. 결론 : 취학 전의 발달지연아동에게 과제지향의 중재는 아동의 학습에 바탕이 되는 시-운동 협응과 소운동 협응 기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다.

Purpose : This study aims to identify changes in the visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination functions caused by the use of a task-oriented intervention in a child with developmental delay. Methods : The participant, who was a 6-year-old girl, was not diagnosed but showed a developmental delay in overall function. The study period was February 5, 2021, to June 4, 2021, and a single-subject A-B study design was used. The baseline (A) was initially evaluated in the first three sessions to identify the child’s functions. In the intervention period, 12 session (B), task-oriented intervention was applied; the child engaged in many of the activities in kindergarten, such as painting, writing, making, and cutting with scissors. Visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination were equally measured during the baseline and intervention periods. Visuomotor coordination was measured via drawing of an oval according to the Korean Developmental Test of Visual Perception 3 (K-DTVP-3), and fine motor coordination was assessed using the finger-nose touching item of the Clinical Observation of Motor and Postural Skills (COMPS). Results : The mean of the baseline of the K-DTVP-3 oval drawing was 23, and the mean of the intervention period was 39.66. The mean of the baseline of the COMPS finger-nose touching was 0, and the mean of the intervention period was 5.08. Conclusion : Task-oriented intervention seems to have a positive effect on the visuomotor coordination and fine motor coordination abilities of children with developmental delay.