Earticle

The study aimed to grasp the lateral behavior of the structure elements such as slab, exterior columns and outrigger-belt truss in core and offset outrigger-belt truss system. For this purpose, a structural design of 70 stories outrigger-belt truss building was accomplished by making the use of MIDAS-Gen. And the key variables of this analysis study were the stiffness of outrigger-belt truss system and the outrigger position in planar structure. Utilizing the results of this analysis, we analyzed the lateral behavior of structure elements in core and offset outrigger-belt truss system. This paper showed that the stiffness of outrigger-belt truss and the outrigger position in planar structure had influence on lateral behavior of structural elements in outrigger-belt truss system. Also the results of research can give help in finding out the reasonable method for structural design of outrigger-belt truss system in tall building.

Similar image retrieval involves identifying and ranking images from a database based on visual attributes such as color, texture, and shape, with the goal of finding those most closely matching a given query image. This task requires precise analysis of image content to achieve accurate results. In this study, we propose an approach that incorporates structural information derived from an image segmentation model. This structural information highlights image characteristics, such as object shapes and their backgrounds, which are not fully captured by traditional dense global descriptors. By combining this structural information with global descriptors, our method captures both detailed shapes and broader image features in a user-controllable manner. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this integration approach in improving the performance of similarity search tasks.

본 논문에서는 무한요소를 이용한 지반-구조물 상호작용 해석에 대하여 연구하였다. 적층지반(Layered Soil)과 같이 여러 가지 응력파가 동시에 전파되는 탄성지반의 외부영역을 효과적으로 모형화할 수 있는 동적무한요소를 개발하였으며, 요소행렬 구성시 수반되는 무한대 방향으로의 적분을 효과적으로 수행하기 위하여 Gauss-Laguerre 적분방법을 기초로 하여 새로이 고안된 적분방법을 제시하였다. 이 방법의 타당성은 반무한 탄성지반과 적층된 반무한 탄성지반 위에 놓여 있는 원형강판의 임피던스(Impedance) 함수를 구하여 해석적으로 구한 값들과 비교함으로써 검토하였다.

This paper presents dynamic infinite elements for soil-structure interaction analysis. In order to discretize the far field of the unbounded soil media, axisymmetric infinite elements which are capable of propagating multi-waves are proposed. An efficient numerical integration scheme for constructing the element characteristic matrices of the infinite elements in developed based on Gauss-Laguerre quadrature. The efficiency of the infinite elements is demonstrated by comparing the computed impedances of rigid circular footings on an elastic half space and on a layered half spaces with those obtained analytically.

이 연구는 교양 개념의 애매모호성과 번역어의 다 근원성으로 인해 발생하는 정 체성 혼란과 교육적 난제를 극복하기 위하여 교양 개념을 총체적으로 재구조화하 려는 시도이다. 교양 개념은 파이데이아, 후마니타스, 리버럴아츠, 빌둥, 자유교육, 일반교육 등 서구 전통 속에서 역사적으로 전개되었으며, 한국에서는 일본을 통한 번역과 수용의 과정에서 독특한 복합적 개념으로 형성되었다. 본 논문은 교양 담론 의 형성과 전개 과정에 대한 고찰을 통해 교양 개념을 구성하는 거점 요소로서 ‘문 화로서의 교양’, ‘인간성으로서의 교양’, ‘지식으로서의 교양’, ‘도야로서의 교양’, ‘교육으로서의 교양’을 도출하였다. 교양 개념의 다섯 거점 요소는 각각의 역사적ㆍ 철학적 맥락을 반영하면서도 상호 연계 속에서 서로 영향을 주고받으며 교양 개념 의 네트워크적이고 중층적인 의미 구조를 형성한다. 교양 개념은 목적적 차원에서 인간다움과 자기다움의 아레테를 지향하며, 내용적 차원에서는 문화ㆍ인간성ㆍ지 식으로서의 교양을 추구하며, 방법적이고 실천적인 차원에서는 도야와 교육으로서 의 교양 개념을 형성한다. 이를 통해 교양은 단순한 지식 습득이나 취미적 활동이 아니라, 인간다운 좋은-삶(well-being)을 영위하기 위한 규범적이고 실천적인 삶 의 양식임을 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구는 교양의 총체적 개념을 재음미함으로써 교 양의 정체성을 정립하는 데 기여하고자 한다.

This study seeks to overcome the identity confusion and educational challenges caused by the ambiguity and polysemous translations of the concept of ‘cultivation’ by reconstructing it in a comprehensive manner. Historically, the idea of cultivation has developed within Western traditions —paideia, humanitas, liberal arts, Bildung, and modern notions of liberal or general education—while in Korea it has been shaped into a unique and complex concept through processes of translation and reception via Japan. After examining the historical formation and development of discourses on cultivation, this paper identifies five core elements that constitute its conceptual structure: cultivation as culture, cultivation as character and humanity, cultivation as knowledge, cultivation as self-discipline and formation (Bildung), and cultivation as education. These five core elements reflect their own historical and philosophical contexts, while at the same time interacting with one another to form the meaning structure of cultivation. In this structure, cultivation aims— the pursuit of humanity and authenticity—in its purpose; is concretized through culture, character, and knowledge in its content; and is embodied through self-discipline and education in its method. Accordingly, cultivation is not a matter of mere knowledge acquisition or leisure activity, but a normative and practical framework for sustaining a genuinely human life. By reexamining the total concept of cultivation, this study contributes to redefining the identity and philosophical foundation of cultivation in the contemporary Korean context.

본고는 최승자 시에 나타나는 극적 요소를 플롯 구조와 방백적 발화를 중심으로 분석하고, 이를 연극 교육의 가능성과 연결하여 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 기존의 최승자 시 연구가 죽음, 우울, 멜랑콜리 등 정서적 특성에 주목해 온 데 비해, 본고는 시가 특정한 장면 속에서 조직되고 청자를 향해 발화된다는 점에 주목하였다. 이를 위해 희곡의 플롯과 방백 개념을 바탕으로 최승자의 ｢더스트 인 더 윈드, 캔자스｣, ｢따뜻한 풀빵 같은｣, ｢백합의 선물｣, ｢나 쓸쓸히｣를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 최승자 시의 플롯 구조는 정서와 인식의 변화가 하나의 사건적 흐름으로 조직되는 방식으로 나타났으며, 방백적 발화는 특정 청자를 향한 호명과 응답의 유예를 통해 화자의 내면을 독자 앞에 드러내는 기능을 수행하였다. 또한 반복 표현과 괄호 속 발화는 시 내부의 복수적 목소리를 형성하며 내면의 균열과 정서적 층위를 드러내는 장치로 작동하였다. 이를 바탕으로 본고는 플롯 구조 분석을 통한 장면 구성 활동, 방백적 발화 읽기를 통한 인물내면 표현 활동, 목소리 분리와 낭독 수행 중심의 시 교육 활동을 제안하였다. 이러한 활동은 시 읽기를 장면 구성, 청자 설정, 정서의 전환을 몸과 목소리로 탐색하는 수행적 학습으로 확장할 수 있는 가능성을 보여준다.

This study aims to analyze the dramatic elements in Choi Seung-ja’s poetry, focusing on plot structure and aside-like utterance, and to explore their potential applications in drama education. While previous studies have primarily focused on emotional characteristics such as death, depression, melancholy, and self-negation, this study pays attention to the fact that Choi’s poems are organized around specific scenes and directed toward an implied listener. To this end, four poems by Choi Seung-ja—Dust in the Wind, Kansas, Like a Warm Bun, The Gift of a Lily, and Lonely, I—were analyzed based on the dramatic concepts of plot and aside. The findings reveal that the plot structure in Choi’s poetry is organized as a flow of emotional and cognitive transformation functioning as a sequence of events. In addition, aside-like utterance serves to reveal the speaker’s inner world to readers through the invocation of a specific addressee and the suspension of response. Repetitive expressions and parenthetical utterances further create multiple voices within the poems, functioning as devices that expose emotional layers and internal divisions. Based on these findings, this study proposes drama-education activities including scene construction through plot analysis, exploration of characters’ inner worlds through the reading of aside-like utterances, and poetry instruction centered on voice separation and performative reading. Such activities demonstrate the possibility of extending poetry reading into a performative learning process in which students explore scene construction, audience awareness, and emotional transitions through voice and embodied expression.

이 연구의 목적은 대학기록관의 특성에 맞는 기록물 전거레코드 구축을 위한 기술요소를 제안하되, 온라인 환경 에서도 활용가능한 EAC-CPF와 융합한 기술요소를 제안하고 이를 근거로 전거레코드를 구축한 실례를 제시하는 것이 다. 이를 위해 첫째, 대학의 기능에 따른 조직의 구성과 특성을 분석하고, 이를 토대로 기록물 생산자별 주요 특성들을 분석하였다. 둘째, 국내표준인 국가기록원 전거레코드 지침과 국제표준인 ISAAR(CPF) 2판을 비교·분석하여 대학기록 물 전거레코드 구축을 위한 기술요소들을 제안하되, 이를 다시 EAC-CPF와 매핑하여 최종 기술요소를 도출하였다. 끝 으로, 제안된 기술요소를 토대로 실제 전거레코드를 구축한 사례를 제시하였다. 본 연구 결과는 대학기록물 생산자의 맥락정보를 검색을 위한 표준화된 접근점을 제공하기 위한 구체적인 기술요소들을 제안하고 이를 데이터표준구조와 융 합하여 온라인 환경에서도 생산자 맥락정보의 검색이 가능하게 했다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

The research aims to suggest descriptive elements for developing archival authority records in university archives through converging archival information descriptive rules with EAC-CFP, data structure standards. To achieve the purpose, the research conducted the following research phases: first, to analyze the main characteristics of record producers according to the features of both functions and organizations of the university. Second, to analyze the descriptive elements by comparing the rules between ISAAR(CPF) and the guidelines of the authority records of NAK and suggest descriptive elements to build archival authority records. Finally, to suggest the finally deducted descriptive elements by matching up with those of EAC-CPF. The significance of the result is to provide both standardized access points to retrieve university records and to search the contextual information of record production in the online environments by converging the data standard structure, EAC-CPF.

This paper presents a new interpretation of “Gimhyeongamho” through the symbols of language and the symbolism of yin-yang and the five elements (Wu Xing). To achieve this, the content of “Gimhyeongamho” was examined through the binary oppositions of presence and absence of change, and presence and absence of fruition. Through this binary structure, it was confirmed that while a life of repetitive routine does not bring about change or yield any fruits, making changes through self-reflection and a resolute will for self-healing can create new outcomes. These changes are attributed to the dynamism of yin and yang present in all things. The dynamism of yin and yang is expressed through the five elements: wood, fire, earth, metal, and water, which bring about the cycle of growth, prosperity, decline, and dormancy in nature. This cycle is the mode of existence for all beings. These changes are not merely blind repetitive movements, but the result of constant internal dynamism. In “Gimhyeongamho,” the wood movement corresponds to the act of circumambulating the pagoda at Heungnyun Temple, the meeting of Kim Hyeon and the maiden tiger, and the presence of the full moon. The fire movement is represented by Kim Hyeon's visit to the maiden tiger's home and receiving the heavenly mandate. The earth movement includes the maiden tiger deciding to die upon receiving the heavenly mandate. The metal movement corresponds to the maiden tiger taking her own life with Kim Hyeon's sword, and the water movement is symbolized by the sound of the conch and trumpet at Heungnyun Temple and the writing of the text “Nonhorim” by Kim Hyeon. These changes are driven by the life force that seeks to preserve itself, but they extend beyond mere self-healing and preservation, leading to a transformative force that influences the entire interconnected system, fostering mutual survival. The force that enables such mutual survival is the energy of mutual overcoming, or “sanggeuk.” The maiden tiger chose to change in order to live her life, and this change not only transformed herself but also the world around her. Additionally, through the resolution and action to overcome herself, she saved the world and herself. The perspective of the maiden tiger resides in the principles of the universe and the realm of truth. This truth is the constant cycle of life, and the interplay of mutual survival and mutual overcoming.

본 연구는 대학 부설 평생교육기관의 재정구조 요소와 재정운영 기조를 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 대학부설 평생교육원의 역할과 기능이 고등교육 부분에서 확대 증가하고 있지만, 대학부설 평생교육원의 재정에 분석에 관한 연구는 부재한 실정이다. 본 연구는 전국 소재 19개 국립 및 사립대학 부설 평생교육기관의 예ㆍ결산서 분석과 재정운영 담당자들을 면담하여 재정구조 요소와 재정운영 기조를 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학 부설 평생교육원들의 수입 요소 중 평균 96%가 수업료로 구성되었다. 서울 및 수도권 대학과 지방 대학 부설 평생교육원간에 재정 자립도의 차이를 보였다. 아울러, 지방 대학 부설 평생교육원간의 예산 구조에 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 조사 대상 평생교육원들의 지출구조는 교원 인건비가 39%로 가장 높았고, 일반관리비는 3.1%로서 가장 낮은 비율을 차지하였다. 특히 대학으로의 전출금은 평균 구성 비율 19.5%로 대학 부설 평생교육원이 대학본부 재정에 상당한 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 서울 수도권 대학은 지방 대학에 비해 연구학생경비 구성 비율이 높아 학생에 대한 투자 증대를 상대적으로 더 크게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 지방대학은 관리 운영비에 있어 약 30%를 지출하는 것으로 보아 평생교육기관 수입의 일부를 통해 학교 시설 보완 및 확충에 일부 투자하고 있었다. 넷째, 국립대학은 국고 지원을 받는 대학의 수입 구조에 따라 평생교육기관으로부터의 전출금은 미약한 반면, 사립대학은 예산의 상당 부분을 평생교육기관의 대학전출금으로 충당하고 있어 사립대학 부설 평생교육원은 대학 본부의 재정 안정에 상대적으로 더 크게 공헌하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study analyzed elements of finance structure and directions of finance management of lifelong education centers of universities in Korea. The study was conducted with various data: budget documents for estimated and settled accounts from 19 lifelong education centers of universities across Korea, and in-depth interviews with staffs who were in charge of financial operation in their lifelong education centers. The findings were as follows. First, the portion of tuition and fees took an average of 96% of the entire revenue of lifelong education centers as the biggest one among several revenue sources. And, there was a big difference in finance structure between lifelong education centers of Seoul metropolitan areas and those of local district areas. Furthermore, there was some difference of budgeting mechanism among lifelong education centers of local district areas. Second, personnel expenditure for instructors took 39% out of whole amount of expenditure for lifelong education centers. However, current expenditure took 3.1% as the smallest factor. In particular, outflow to mother universities was shown to contribute to finance of mother university, taking the ratio of 19.5%. However, some lifelong education centers seemed to go far to become simple means for securing enrichment of finance of mother universities. Third, the lifelong education centers of Seoul metropolitan areas were analyzed to be more relatively sensitive to the increase of investment for students than those of local district areas. On the other hand, lifelong education centers of local district areas appeared to invest some part of revenue to maintaining and expanding building and facilities, showing that management expenditure took about 30%. Fourth, financial outflow from lifelong education centers of national universities was of a little, reflecting characteristics of budgeting structure of national university. And, budgets of private universities were considerably helped with some finance inflows from lifelong education centers. Consequently, compared with national universities, lifelong education centers of private universities were found to contribute more to the stable finance of mother universities.

‘양적연구(quantitative research)’의 한계를 지적하면서 점차 ‘질적연구(qualitative research)’에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있다. 이러한 경향은 인문·사회과학 분야에서 활발한데, 그중에서도 질적연구의 이론적 토대와 방법적 기초를 ‘현상학(phenomenology)’에서 찾으려는 움직임이 주목받고 있다. 이에 발맞추어 ‘현상학적 질적연구’에 관해 중요한 논의가 많이 이루어져 온 것도 사실이다. 하지만 ‘현상학적 질적연구’의 개념은 좀 더 해명이 필요한 것처럼 보인다. 대체로 ‘질’은 ‘주관적 체험’ 정도로 이해되고 있는데, 필자는 메를로-퐁티(M. Merleau-Ponty)의 현상학을 통해 ‘현상학적 질적연구’의 개념이 좀 더 분명해지면 좋을 것이라 생각한다. 본고는 『행동의 구조』에서 제시된 메를로-퐁티의 현상학을 통해 ‘현상학적 질적연구’ 개념의 정립에 기여하려는 데에 있다. 이 과정에서 메를로-퐁티의 ‘배경 위의 꼴’로서의 ‘게슈탈트’가 후설 현상학의 ‘구성적 층 이론’과 조화될 수 있음을 보임으로써, 질적 연구가 체험을 다룰 때에 의지할 수 있는 연구의 착안점과 기본틀을 제안할 것이다.

Nowadays, academic interests in 'qualitative research' are raised pointing out the limitations of 'quantitative research'. This trend is active in the field of humanities and social sciences. Among them, the movement to find the theoretical foundation and methodic basis of qualitative research in 'phenomenology' is attracting attention. Unfortunately, we cannot say that the concept of 'phenomenological qualitative research' has been elucidated satisfactorily enough. In general, ‘quality’ is understood as ‘subjective experience’, but this is too loose and rough definition so that it does not help at all. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the formulation of the concept of 'phenomenological qualitative research'. In particular, I would like to clarify the concept of 'phenomenological qualitative research' through Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology. In this regard, Merleau-Ponty’s The Structure of Behavior has great inspiration. Because there he critically criticise the limitations of objective science centered on ‘quantitative research’ and clearly shows what the science dealing with lived-experience should be, what the science has to do with phenomenology as well. Therefore, this paper will clarify the concept of ‘phenomenological qualitative research’ suggested by Merleau-Ponty by focusing on The Structure of Behavior. In these procedure, I will show that Merleau-Ponty’s Gestalt accords with Husserl’s multi-layered constitution, so that I can suggest a framework for research that qualitative research dealing with experience.

The purpose of this study is identifying the storytelling structure of <Igongbonpoori> as part of a literature analysis. <Igongbonpoori> is Jeju Island shamanic mythology which has a story of a hero who overcomes negative emotions and becomes a god. Focusing on these narratives of <Igongbonpoori>, this study selected ‘Hero’s Journey’ model of Christopher Vogler in order to analyze the structure of storytelling. ‘Hero’s journey’ consisted 12 stages as story’s flow. However, there was a limitation that detailed information of each stage described in the original text couldn’t explained. Therefore, we tried to add a detailed elements of each stage in hero’s journey. Moreover, elements which make up the story <Igongbonpoori> was divided for Message․Conflict․Characters․Plot. And divided elements were analyzed dramatic functions and significance in the story. The results of the analysis were as follows. First, more detailed elements were found by analyzing the ‘Hero's Journey’. Second, nine elements in <Igongbonpoori> were found additionally, which were not identified by the 12 stage analysis. Third, each elements of <Igongbonpoori> were emphasize the message through contrast. Also, the elements resolve the conflicts through punishment. In conclusion, storytelling structure in <Igongbonpoori> was explained the message which is overcoming the complex, by showing how conflicts were formed and resolved in connnecting characters and events. In addition, this study is meaningful in that it complements the concreteness of the research method, identified the functions of the narrative components, and additionally analyzed the <Igongbonpoori> elements by classifying them into messages, conflicts, characters, and plots.

Most currently known molecular structures were determined by X-ray crystallography or Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). These methods generate a large amount of structure data, even far small molecules, and consist mainly of three-dimensional atomic coordinates. These are useful for analyzing molecular structure, but structure elements at higher level are also needed for a complete understanding of structure, and especially for structure prediction. Computational approaches exist for identifying secondary structural elements in proteins from atomic coordinates. However, similar methods have not been developed for RNA due in part to the very small amount of structure data so far available, and extracting the structural elements of RNA requires substantial manual work. Since the number of three-dimensional RNA structures is increasing, a more systematic and automated method is needed. We have developed a set of algorithms for recognizing secondary and tertiary structural elements in RNA molecules and in the protein-RNA structures in protein data banks (PDB). The present work represents the first attempt at extracting RNA structure elements from atomic coordinates in structure databases. The regularities in the structure elements revealed by the algorithms should provide useful information for predicting the structure of RNA molecules bound to proteins.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to extract factors affecting office lighting and their relations, and then develop a framework that helps designers research and design smart lighting systems. Background: Due to the highly specialized usages of offices, the lighting system within offices also varies according to space, work, user, etc. A framework which considers these various factors and their relations is necessary for understanding and developing smart lighting systems. Method: First we extract factors affecting office lighting conditions, and select factors that can be controlled. We then analyze and develop a structure which reflects the relations among these factors from procedural perspective. Results: We divide factors affecting office lighting into physical and social factors, and then conceptualize their relations using a circular model. We then develop our framework from procedural perspective by dividing these factors into three levels, namely Subject, Action and Object. Conclusion: The developed framework organizes various factors affecting office lighting and their relations, and helps understand the procedural and structural aspects of lighting system. Application: Our framework helps designing and refining smart lighting system for complicated office spaces by helping people understanding the overall structure of office lighting.

BIM has been a reliable construction project management tool to handle various kinds of construction information generated in the facility life cycle. To take these advantages, researchers have been promoted numerous studies in a residential, a commercial, and an educational facilities with a large number of on-going projects. However, despite running as the role of essential energy supplier, power plant related BIM research is relatively insufficient than others. In particular, due to the extending of the facility service period and the requirement of the complicated construction project management for 'overhaul' and 'repowering' in the power plant maintenance phase, the needs for using BIM have been increased gradually. For using BIM based maintenance, it is needed to consider an information collecting methods and necessary to develop an appropriate breakdown structure to share information. Therefore, 'EBS' is produced by reviewing the previous research related to BIM and analyzing the repair activities in the maintenance phase. Proposed 'EBS' must be useful not only a judgment between capital expenditure versus revenue expenditure but also appropriate maintenance strategies development for property management.

SINE-VNTR-Alu (SVA) elements are present in hominoid primates and are divided into 6 subfamilies (SVA-A to SVA-F) and active in the human population. Using a bioinformatic tool, 22 SVA element-associated genes are identified in the human genome. In an analysis of genomic structure, SVA elements are detected in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of HGSNAT (SVA-B), MRGPRX3 (SVA-D), HYAL1 (SVA-F), TCHH (SVA-F), and ATXN2L (SVA-F) genes, while some elements are observed in the 3′UTR of SPICE1 (SVA-B), TDRKH (SVA-C), GOSR1 (SVA-D), BBS5 (SVA-D), NEK5 (SVA-D), ABHD2 (SVA-F), C1QTNF7 (SVA-F), ORC6L (SVA-F), TMEM69 (SVA-F), and CCDC137 (SVA-F) genes. They could contribute to exon extension or supplying poly A signals. LEPR (SVA-C), ALOX5 (SVA-D), PDS5B (SVA-D), and ABCA10 (SVA-F) genes also showed alternative transcripts by SVA exonization events. Dominant expression of HYAL1_SVA appeared in lung tissues, while HYAL1_noSVA showed ubiquitous expression in various human tissues. Expression of both transcripts (TDRKH_SVA and TDRKH_noSVA) of the TDRKH gene appeared to be ubiquitous. Taken together, these data suggest that SVA elements cause transcript isoforms that contribute to modulation of gene regulation in various human tissues.

The main purpose of this paper is to study the zero-divisor properties of the zero-symmetric near-ring of skew formal power series R₀[[x; α]], where R is a symmetric, α-compatible and right Noetherian ring. It is shown that if R is reduced, then the set of all zero-divisor elements of R₀[[x; α]] forms an ideal of R₀[[x; α]] if and only if Z(R) is an ideal of R. Also, if R is a non-reduced ring and annR(a - b) ∩ Nil(R) ≠ 0 for each a, b ∈ Z(R), then Z(R₀[[x; α]]) is an ideal of R₀[[x; α]]. Moreover, if R is a non-reduced right Noetherian ring and Z(R₀[[x; α]]) forms an ideal, then ann_R(a - b) ∩ Nil(R) ≠ 0 for each a, b ∈ Z(R). Also, it is proved that the only possible diameters of the zero-divisor graph of R₀[[x; α]] is 2 and 3.

단백질의 기능은 단백질의 구조에 따라 결정되며, 새로운 단백질의 기능을 파악하기 위하여 이미 밝혀진 단백질의 기능과 구조를 비교하는 방법이 사용되고 있다. 단백질 구조를 비교하는 방법은 단백질 구조를 표현하는 방법에 따라 다양하게 개발되고 있으며, 보다 효과적으로 관련된 연구자들이 자신의 연구에 활용하기 위해서는 빠르고 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 인터페이스를 제공하는 도구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 단백질 이차구조 및 그들 사이의 관계를 이용하여 단백질 구조를 표현하는 PSAML과 이를 이용하여 표현된 단백질 구조를 비교하는 시스템인 S4E(Search Substructures of Secondary Structure Elements)에 관하여 기술한다. S4E 시스템은 단백질 이차구조와 그들 사이의 관계(각도, 거리, 길이)를 이용하여 표현된 단백질 구조를 비교하여 유사성이 높은 부분을 찾는 기능을 제공한다. 또한 S4E 시스템은 이차구조 기반의 단백질 구조 데이터베이스(PSAML 데이터베이스) 및 웹 기반 사용자 인터페이스를 제공하여 사용자가 쉽고 효과적으로 단백질 구조 비교를 할 수 있다.

본 연구는 MIDAS-Gen을 사용하여 초고층건물에서 단일 아웃리거 구조의 최적위치에 미치는 구조요소의 영향에 대하여 비교분석하고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 구조해석의 변수로 아웃리거 위치와 전단벽, 아웃리거, 아웃리거와 연결된 외곽기둥, 아웃리거에 연결되지 않은 프레임과 같은 주요한 구조요소의 강성을 설정하였다. 초고층건물에서 단일 아웃리거 구조의 최적위치를 탐색하기 위하여 80층 건물의 최상층에 발생한 수평변위를 고찰하였다. 본 연구 결과로부터 아웃리거의 위치, 전단벽, 아웃리거, 아웃리거와 연결된 외곽기둥, 아웃리거와 연결되지 않은 프레임과 같은 주요한 구조요소의 강성은 단일의 아웃리거 최적 위치에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 본 연구 결과는 초고층건물에서 단일의 아웃리거 최적위치를 탐색하기 위한 구조설계 데이터를 취득하는 데 매우 유용할 것으로 기대된다.

This study intended to analyze an influence of the structure elements on the optimal location for one-outrigger system in tall building by using MIDAS-Gen. In this investigation, the analysis parameters were the outrigger position and the stiffness of main structure elements such as shear walls, outrigger systems, exterior columns connected in outrigger system and frames not to be connected in outrigger system. For the objective of finding out the optimal location for one-outrigger system in high-rise building, we studied the lateral displacement in top level of 80 stories building. The results of this study indicated that the outrigger location and the stiffness of main structure elements such as shear walls, outrigger systems, exterior columns connected in outrigger system and frames not to be connected in outrigger system had an influence on the optimal location of one-outrigger system. In addition, it is showed that the research results can be very useful in obtaining the structure design data for looking for the optimal location of one-outrigger system in high-rise building.

While defining the political form of early Chosun Dynasty as a kind of constitutional monarchy, this paper aims both to identify the forms or mechanisms in which constitutional principles and institutions existed and operated at that time, and to argue that early Chosun Dynasty was well under way of developing its own sophisticated constitutional state, on the basis of an explanation of how various constitutional elements and mechanisms of the period worked together to control the political power, especially kings' power. In this paper, the concept of constitution is broadly taken to include written constitutional law, constitutional practices and other materials that have constitutional meanings or implications. On the basis of this broad understanding of constitution, I try to examine important constitutional materials and institutions that jointly functioned to effectively constrain political power and coerced competing political forces to endorse constitutional principles and do their best to put the basic Confucian principle Anmin(安民, people's overall well-being) into practice. Special emphasis is laid both on the concept, ‘king as incarnated constitutional elements’, which functioned as a unique pillar of Confucian constitutionalism in early Chosun Dynasty, and on the particular way of interaction between kings as incarnated constitutional elements and power structure. In early Chosun Dynasty, power structure, both between kings and high officials and among competing political factions, was another pillar of Confucian constitutionalism which pressured various political forces and factions to conform to constitutional principles through reciprocal check and balance. In chapter 2, important Confucian classics and ideas and several public institutions of early Chosun Dynasty are identified and examined in terms of their Confucian constitutional roles. The constitutional roles or significances of Seo'yeon(書筵, Lecture for Crown Princess), Gyeong,yeon(經筵, Royal Lecture), Gukjo orye-ui(國朝五禮儀, The National Fives Rites), Chunchugwan(春秋館, Office for Annals Compilation) and so on are examined. In chapter 3, division of political power between governmental branches and the way in which the divided powers held each other in check during early Chosun Dynasty are analyzed in relation to the completion of Confucian constitutionalism. In chapter 4 it is argued that Confucian constitutionalism of early Chosun Dynasty reflected the substantial Confucian Value of Anmin, and in chapter five some significances or meanings, for modern constitutional politics, that Confucian constitutionalism of early Chosun Dynasty has are critically examined. It is suggested that Confucian virtues can be applied to improve modern liberal constitutionalism as well.

This study compares and analyses geomorphology-related content in the 2022 revised Korean geography textbooks and selected overseas geography textbooks. To this end, we identified achievement standards and content elements related to landforms and geomorphic processes in the middle-school textbooks Social Studies 1 and Social Studies 2, and in the high-school textbooks Integrated Social Studies 1, Geography and Global Citizenship, Exploring Korean Geography, and Travel Geography. We then examined how geomorphic content is structured, how key concepts are introduced and developed, and what kinds of inquiry activities, examples, and case studies are used. Furthermore, we analyzed the level and organizational patterns of geomorphic content in geography textbooks from the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and the IB Diploma Programme to explore elements that could be meaningfully adapted for future Korean textbook revisions. The comparative analysis shows that geomorphology occupies only 4-8% of the content in the 2022 revised Korean geography textbooks, far below the 25-30% reported for overseas textbooks such as those from the UK and Australia. Whereas international textbooks emphasize geomorphic processes, environmental change, and human-landscape interactions through conceptual explanations, diagrams, and field-based inquiry, Korean textbooks tend to present landforms mainly as lists of attractive places for tourism or natural heritage sites. This gap indicates the need to differentiate geomorphology content between middle and high school levels, provide more processand systems-oriented explanations, and incorporate region-specific case studies to promote deeper conceptual understanding. Strengthening applied geomorphology?particularly in relation to natural hazards, sustainability, and Nature-based Solutions?will also be essential for cultivating students’ spatial thinking and integrative geographical reasoning.