Earticle

In this era of convergence, which is characterized by the integration and combination of technology and industries, broadcasting and communications, offline and online, and devices and services, the content industry is also experiencing rapid changes including inter-genre exchange, the creation of new industries, and customized demand. Specifically, IT-based digital content industries such as the online game, e-book, mobile contents and web portal industries are no longer restricted to the boundaries of video, music and games but are being expanded into the realms of education, medicine, fashion and sports thanks to CT innovation of 3D, CG, AR/VR, VFX, etc. As such, various countries have come to recognize the convergent content industry as a new growth engine that will pick up where the IT industry left off, and are forming policies for its development accordingly. This research aims to optimize the system of content taxonomy which is currently genre-focused and unable to support technological development and convergence, and to discover and select star contents to be rigorously developed with governmental support. In this paper, 20 star contents in 8 areas were selected, and these are expected to create tremendous cultural and economic value through ongoing technological and industrial development.

이 연구는 K공단의 사례를 통해 평가센터의 필요성과 효과적인 개발 및 활용방안을 모색 하고, 현재까지 명확하게 정립되어 있지 않은 평가센터의 설계방법 및 평가방법 등에 대한 실증적인 정보를 제공하는 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 이 연구에서는 리뷰, 설계, 개발, 평가 의 4단계로 평가센터를 개발하고 운영하였으며, 그 결과로 평가차원을 측정하기 위한 도구와 가상상황, 과제를 개발하였으며, 운영을 통해 평가점수를 산출하였다. 이 연구의 주요 결과 및 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 평가센터는 절차나 체계이며, 평가센터 운영을 위한 필수 요 건들을 확인하였다. 둘째, 평가차원의 측정도구는 피평가자의 행위수준을 정확하게 구분하기 위해 행위지표로 구성된 역량의 개념과 행위준거척도법을 사용하는 것이 유용하다는 것을 확인하였다. 셋째, 평가센터는 평가자와 피평가자의 능력, 평가기법, 평가차원과 가상상황과 과제, 운영방법 및 시간의 연계관계를 명확하게 이해하고 설계되어야 한다는 것을 확인하였 다. 넷째, 평가결과는 다양한 방법으로 산출될 수 있기 때문에, 정확한 평가지침이 필요하며, 평가자간의 신뢰도를 고려하여 평가센터를 설계하여야 한다는 것을 확인하였다. 한편, 이 연 구에서는 평가센터에 대해 구체적인 사례를 제시하여 평가센터를 활용하고자 하는 연구자들 에게 지침을 제시해 줄 수 있도록 하였다. 향후 연구에서는 평가센터를 통해 선발된 인재들 의 직무수행능력에 대한 검증이 필요할 것이며, 평가센터와 교육훈련과의 연계를 통해 현업 적용도를 높일 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to understand the necessity of Assessment Center and identify how to develop and apply it for the selection of promotion candidates in K Public Corporation. This case study took procedural steps: Review-Design-Development- Assessment to develop and apply Assessment Center. In review stage, the semistructured interview with job experts was given to select key behavioral index. In the 2nd step, the components of Assessment Center were identified. Then the assessment methods were developed as three type of presentation, in-basket and group discussion. Finally we carried out the Assessment Center for promotion candidates As a result, this study made an example how to utilize the Assessment Center in order to select promotion candidates. Future study needs to verify whether the Assessment Center approach is more effective than other evaluation methods. In this regard, we shall research that the difference in job performance between selected employees through the Assessment Center and those who through other methods. Also we should consider how to improve applying learning at work using the Assessment Center.

Chinese writings had been reprinted or translated after they were spread to Korean Peninsula. There were many scholars who made Chines writings localized by selection, adaptation, translation, annotation or recreation directly or not. To some extent, almost all Chinese writings in Korean had connection with China Culture. We can know how popular Chinese writings were from that. On the other side, it showed regional characters during spread time. It created more valuable treasures for Chinese writings. The types of Chinese writings in Korean which were recreated on the basis of the Chinese writings in china are extensive, including the history books which are useful for the country's rejuvenation and the Confucian classics which promote Confucianism, and agricultural books, medical books, military books which are close ties with grass-roots social life. The number of literary works is very large. The works were imitated, commented, selected, translated, and annotated from genre, subject matter to the creative form. We can see the spread style of the Chinese culture in different historical periods through these Chinese writings in Korean. At the same time we can see the Korean literati’s cultural orientation and cultural choice in different periods. Some of the Chinese writings have been lost in China, but they are saved in the form of commentaries, annotations, and interpretations. These Korean commentaries, annotations, and interpretations have important value in the history of philology and the history of cultural exchanges between China and Korea. These Korean writings created by Korean scholars on the basis of Chinese writings in China have been and will continue to be valued by both Chinese and Korean scholars and will promote a new round of academic exchanges in the 21st century.

최근 들어 개인, 기업, 국가 등 사회 전반에 랜섬웨어에 의한 피해가 급증하고 있으며 그 규모도 점차 커지고 있다. 랜섬웨어는 사용자 컴퓨터 시스템에 침입하여 사용자의 중요 파일들을 암호화하여 사용자가 해당 파일들을 사용하지 못하게 하고 그 댓가로 금품을 요구하는 악의적인 소프트웨어이다. 랜섬웨어는 기타 다른 악의적인 코드들에 비해 공격기법이 다양 하고 정교하여 탐지가 어렵고 피해 규모가 크기 때문에 정확한 탐지와 해결 방법이 필요하다. 정확한 랜섬웨어를 탐지하기 위 해서는 랜섬웨어의 특성들로 학습한 탐지 시스템의 추론엔진이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 랜섬웨어의 정확한 탐지를 위해 랜섬웨어가 가지는 특성을 추출하여 분류하는 모델을 제안하고 추출된 특성들의 유사성을 계산하여 특성의 차원을 축소 한 다음 축소된 특성들을 그룹화하여 랜섬웨어의 특성으로 공격 도구, 유입경로, 설치파일, command and control, 실행파 일, 획득권한, 우회기법, 수집정보, 유출기법, 목표 시스템의 상태 변경으로 분류하였다. 분류된 특성을 기존 랜섬웨어에 적용 하여 분류의 타당성을 증명하였고, 차후에 이 분류기법을 이용해 학습한 추론엔진을 탐지시스템에 장착하면 새롭게 등장하는 신종과 변종 랜섬웨어도 대부분 탐지할 수 있다.

Recently, there has been a sharp increase in the damages caused by ransomware across various sectors of society, including individuals, businesses, and nations. Ransomware is a malicious software that infiltrates user computer systems, encrypts important files, and demands a ransom in exchange for restoring access to the files. Due to its diverse and sophisticated attack techniques, ransomware is more challenging to detect than other types of malware, and its impact is significant. Therefore, there is a critical need for accurate detection and mitigation methods. To achieve precise ransomware detection, an inference engine of a detection system must possess knowledge of ransomware features. In this paper, we propose a model to extract and classify the characteristics of ransomware for accurate detection of ransomware, calculate the similarity of the extracted characteristics, reduce the dimension of the characteristics, group the reduced characteristics, and classify the characteristics of ransomware into attack tools, inflow paths, installation files, command and control, executable files, acquisition rights, circumvention techniques, collected information, leakage techniques, and state changes of the target system. The classified characteristics were applied to the existing ransomware to prove the validity of the classification, and later, if the inference engine learned using this classification technique is installed in the detection system, most of the newly emerging and variant ransomware can be detected.

본고에서는 <임화정연> 속 여성 인물에게 주어진 윤리적 선택지에 주목하여, 선택지의 맥락과 선택의 의미를 해명하고, 각 선택에 대한 주변 인물의 인정을 확보하기 위한 서사 전략을 분석했다. 정운희는 父命으로 정해진 임규와의 혼약이 모친의 주도로 파기되어 表兄 진상문과 혼인하게 될 위기에 처한다. 부명을 따르고 정혼자에 대한 烈節을 지켜야 한다는 당위와 불의한 진상문의 농간에 넘어가 그와의 혼례를 추진하려는 어리석은 모친의 失錯이 충돌하는 위기 상황에서 정운희는 시비 석가월의 조언을 좇아 남장가출을 단행하였다. 딜레마적 상황에서 모친을 속이는 선택을 한 정운희가 겪은 고통, 즉 상황의 절박함과 고생의 처절함, 위험의 심각함 등은 석가월과 연권 등의 傳言과 증언을 통해 미담으로 완성된다. 끊임없이 전달되고 환기되는 미담 덕분에 정운희의 선택의 탁월성과 윤리성은 쉽게 공유되고 인정될 수 있었다. 여미주는 不德하다는 指彈부터 婦德을 갖추었다는 인정까지 극단적인 평가를 두루 받았던 인물이다. 여미주는 정연경에 대한 애정이 너무나 강렬하여 처음부터 婦德이나 체면, 명예라는 선택지는 고려하지 않았다. 단호하고 확실하게 자신의 욕망을 좇았고, 애정을 선택하여 임신에 이르렀으며, 자신의 행위가 문제가 되었을 때조차 욕망의 포기나 반성, 출가 등의 선택지 대신 가출과 출산, 양육을 선택했다. 정체가 탄로 난 후 미주의 주변 인물들 사이에서는 논쟁이 벌어지는데, 예전과 달리 성숙하고 변화한 태도를 높이 평가하는 여성 인물들과 수절과 인연을 인정하는 남성 인물들의 견해가 주류로 부상하면서, 마침내 여미주는 온전한 정부의 일원으로 인정받는다. 여미주는 정연경에 대한 열렬한 애정을 선택함으로써 가족과 분리되어 홀로 쌍둥이를 낳아 기르는 고생을 겪었지만, 궁극적으로는 그 애정이 변함없고 강렬했던 덕분에 오매불망하던 정연경의 세 번째 처가 될 수 있었다. 청상과부 조옥연은 ‘죽음·儒家·定住’ 對 ‘再生·道家·脫走’라는 극단적 선택지 중에서 후자를 선택함으로써, 청산과부의 삶을 버리고 여도사의 삶을 새로이 살게 된다. 처음에는 조씨 스스로도 여도사가 되라는 고지와 전언을 듣고 당황했었으나, 죽은 모친의 현몽과 제자를 자청하는 석가월의 설득에 감화되어 과감한 선택을 내린다. 그러나 조씨의 선택이 주변 인물들 사이에서 일으킨 파장과 논란, 비난이 적지 않았던 만큼, 조씨는 직접 도술을 시연하여 주변 인물들의 인정을 얻어내고자 했다. 그로테스크한 도술 연출을 통해 주변 인물들을 침묵하게 만듦으로써 시비와 논쟁을 차단하려는 것이다. 이미 내려진 황제의 허락에 주변 인물들의 인증이 더해짐으로써 조옥연의 선택은 비로소 公認된다.

This thesis is designed to understand LimWhaJungYeon focusing on the context of women’ alternative and narrative strategies for gaining acceptance their selections from the family and neighborhood, JungUnHui faced the dilemma between filial piety and fidelity, If she was willing to obey father, she couldn’t follow mother, But if she once listen to mother, she couldn’t help breaking an engagement with LimGyu, and it meant she neglected her father, Finally, she decided to follow her father and future husband, then tried to run away from home in men’ costume with four clever servants, Afterwards they scattered Jung’s story to everyone acquainted with Jung emphasizing her desperate situation and adorable spirit about maintaining fidelity, Nobody express doubt about Jung’s time on the road and Jung can secure a recognized place of LimGyu’s first wife, YeoMiJoo had a various spectrum from an unchaste woman to graceful lady, In fact, Yeo missed dilemma between desire for love and cultivation womanly virtues, because she couldn’t stop her one-sided love on Mr, Jung, But Yeo’s choice of love without hesitation and pregnancy without permit made her families angry and nervous, so this made her run away from home, Yeo declined every suggestion or command about her and babies and only praying for marriage with him, Desire for him made her suffering from dishonor and hardship, but it’s true owing to her everlasting love she could be his third wife, After disclosure of her history, there made so many arguments, But her good parenting and becoming a new person made many people support her, Young widow ChoOkYeon was confused on the fate to be a female ascetic, It’s a weird dilemma at the time, but Cho finally realized she got new fate and she had no reason to neglect that way, To stop talking nonsense, Cho decide to show people her magical power directly and publicly, It was so grotesque that nobody open their mouth, Emperor’s support and her surprisingly magical skill could settle Cho’s dilemma to start her new life as a female ascetic.

최근 들어 인공지능이 인사선발 업무에서 활용되고 있으며, 인공지능이 인사선발 결정을 할 것으로 예측되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 인간이 채용하는 절차와 인공지능이 채용하는 절차를 비교하여 인공지능 인사담당자에 대한 잠재적 입사지 원자들의 인식을 파악하였다. 대한민국의 대학생들을 대상으로 연구를 진행하였으며, 집단 간 설계(between-group design) 방식으로 2가지 시나리오(인간 인사담당자 vs 인공지능 인사담당자)를 제시하고 채용 절차에 대한 만족도, 절차공정성, 인 사담당자에 대한 신뢰, 그리고 정당세상믿음을 측정하였다. 그 결과 잠재적 입사지원자들은 인공지능이 채용하는 절차를 인간이 채용하는 절차보다 더 만족했고, 더 공정하다고 인식하였으며, 인공지능 인사담당자를 인간 인사담당자보다 더 신 뢰하였다. 또한 세상이 정당하다고 믿는 정도에 따라 인간과 인공지능에 대한 인식에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 향후 연구 방향성을 제시하였다.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is already being utilized in certain personnel selection processes in organizations; AI will eventually make even final decisions for personnel selection. The present study investigated potential job candidates’ perceptions of an AI recruiter by comparing the selection procedures carried out by an AI recruiter to those carried out by a human recruiter. For this study college students in South Korea were recruited. They were each shown one of two recruitment scenarios (human recruiter vs. AI recruiter; between-subject design) followed by questionnaires measuring their satisfaction with the selection procedures and procedural justice, their trust in the recruiter, and their belief in a just world. Results show that potential job candidates were more satisfied with the selection procedures used by the AI recruiter than the human recruiter; they perceived the procedures as fairer than those used by the human recruiter. In addition, potential job candidates’ trust in the AI recruiter was significantly higher than their trust in the human recruiter. This study also explored whether potential job candidates’ perceptions of the AI and human recruiter were contingent upon their beliefs in a just world. The present study suggests a direction for future research.

This study was conducted to find out the environmental, service sire and genetic effects for reproductive trait in certain purebred of pigs on Landrace and Yorkshire, and to suggest selection indicator which is to improve genetic capability on reproductive traits. There are five traits used on this analysis which are total number of born (NBT), number of born alive (NBA), piglets weight within litter (LW), average of birth weight on piglets within litter (ABW) and variation of birth weight on piglets within litter (VBW). With these data, the mixed model was established using 10,342 records collected from 2,527 sows of Landrace and 13,817 records collected from sows of 3,056 Yorkshire breeds and the variation of random effects and the genetic parameter were estimated by the REML method including service sire effects, permanent environmental effects and sow genetic effects. Due to characteristics of closed nucleus herd for using data on this study, given that it has been isolated breeding for about 19 years that progressed over 16 generations, genetic analysis was performed on all of these data and partial data of the current genetic group in which animals were born after 2011. The effects of service sire were estimated to be less than about 8% of total variation in all traits considered in the analysis. Permanent environmental effects were estimated about 2~14% of total variation in all traits considered. The heritability, which is the ratio of genetic variance among the total variance, was estimated to be 20~35% for LW and ABW in Landrace and Yorkshire, while it was about 10~14% for NBT. The genetic correlations between NBT and LW were 62~74% and between NBT and ABW were –28~-7%. Therefore, indirect selection for improving litter size could be possible with considering LW. Whereas, the genetic effect of the service sire effects for litter traits would be trivial.

노인들의 연령이 증가함에 따라 신체적·인지적 능력이 저하되는 상황에서도 휴대폰은 가족을 포함한 타인들과 계속 소통하고 다양한 활동에 참여하는 것을 가능하게 한다. 따라서 휴대폰은 성공적인 노화에 있어 유용한 하나의 도구로써 작용할 수 있다. 그러나 현재의 휴대폰은 신체적, 사회적, 심리적 웰빙에 도달하고자 하는 노인의 욕구를 충분히 지원해 주지 못하고 있으며, 노인들은 여전히 휴대폰 사용에 있어 어려움을 표하고 있다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 노인의 성공적인 노화를 지원하기 위한 휴대폰의 사용자 경험 요인이 무엇인지 알아보고, 실제로 노인의 가용 자원 상황에 따라 어떠한 사용자 경험 요인이 강조되는지 알아보려 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 가능한 자기 (Possible Selves) 이론과 선택·최적화·보상 전략 (Selection, Optimization, and Compensation) 이론에 대한 문헌 조사와 정성적 조사를 바탕으로 노인의 휴대폰 사용자 경험에 관한 이론적 모형을 개발하고, 이를 설문 조사를 통해 검증하였다 (N = 182). 그 결과, 품격 (Dignity)과 새로운 기기 사용에 대한 혁신 저항감 (Image Resistance)이 노인의 휴대폰 사용 경험에 있어 영향을 미치는 주요 핵심 요인임을 알수 있었다. 또한 개인의 인지하는 가용 자원에 따라 자원이 적을 경우 품격을 중시하는 휴대폰 개발이 필요하며, 자원이 많을 경우 혁신 저항감을 줄이는 휴대폰을 개발하는 것이 노인의 성공적인 노화에 도움이 됨을 알수 있었다.

Cortisol and corticosterone, hormones traditionally considered biomarkers of stress, can be measured in fluid biomatrices (e.g., blood, saliva) from live animals to evaluate conditions at sampling time, or in solid biomatrices (e.g., hair, feather) from live or dead animals to obtain information regarding long-term changes. Using these biomarkers to evaluate physiological stress responses in domestic animals may be challenging due to the diverse characteristics of biomatrices for potential measurement. Ideally, a single measurement from the biomatrix should be sufficient for evaluating chronic stress. The availability of appropriate and cost-effective immunoassay methods for detecting the biomarkers should also be considered. This review discusses the strengths and limitations of different biomatrices with regard to ensuring the highest possible reliability for chronic stress evaluation. Overall, solid biomatrices require less frequent sampling than other biomatrices, resulting in greater time- and cost-effectiveness, greater ease of use, and fewer errors. The multiplex immunoassay can be used to analyze interactions and correlations between cortisol and other stress biomarkers in the same biomatrix. In light of the lack of information regarding appropriate biomatrices for measuring chronic stress, this review may help investigators set experimental conditions or design biological research.

Underwater acoustic (UWA) channels have long propagation delays and irregular Doppler shifts, which make the design of communication scheme difficult. Even though two transceivers are fixed, UWA channels dramatically vary by time since speed velocity profile in UWA channel is changed by day and night. This paper proposes a selection method between CDMA and OFDM modulations using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for estimating channel parameters and Random Forest (RF) for modulation selection based on the CNN results. Computer simulations demonstrate that the parameter estimation of the proposed method is better than that of the conventional least square (LS) estimation, and RF selection method exhibits better detection results than the conventional DNN.

This study utilized a standardization and cluster analysis technique for the selection and classification of beneficial bacteria. A set of synthetic data consisting of 100 individual variables with three characteristics was created for analysis. The three characteristics assigned to each independent variable were designated to have different numeric scales, averages, and standard deviations. The variables were bacterial isolates at random, and the three characteristics were fermentation products, including cell yield, antioxidant activity of culture, and enzyme production. A standardization method utilizing a standard normal distribution equation to record fermentation yields of each isolate was employed to weight their different numeric scales and deviations. Following transformation, the data set was analyzed by cluster analysis. The Manhattan method for dissimilarity matrix construction along with complete linkage technique, an agglomerative method for hierarchical cluster analysis, was employed using statistical computing program R. A total of 100 isolates were classified into groups A, B, and C. In a comparison of the characteristics of each group, all characteristics in groups A and C were higher than those of group B. Isolates displaying higher cell yield were classified as group A, whereas those isolates showing high antioxidant activity and enzyme production were assigned to group C. The results of the cluster analysis can be useful for the classification of numerous isolates and the preparation of an isolation pool using numerical or statistical tools. The present study suggests that a simple technique can be applied to screen and select beneficial microbes using the freely downloadable statistical computing program R.

This experiment was carried out to select suitable organic matter in To-jik nursery (self soil nursery) for complement To-jik nursery's defects that are deterioration of raw material by poor quality of seed ginseng and reduction of the quantity in seed ginseng production. Organic matter used were Yacto, rice bean, defatted rice bran, soybean cake and their mixture. As follows, bulk density in soil physical property by treating organic composts was the greatest in soybean cake and the next was followed by mix, Yacto, defatted rice bran, and rice bran treatment in order. Soil pore space ratio was totally the opposite;that was rice bran the first and followed by defatted rice bran, Yacto, mix and soybean cake treatment. The incidence rate of damping off by treating organic composts was 1.5% in both soybean cake and mix while the others was 1.0%. Emergence time was the same among treatment on April 16 and Emergence rate was the highest at 73% in Yacto. There was no significant differences among treatment in the growth of aboveground part but it was a little better in defatted rice bran treatment. In Yacto treatment, the growth of underground part, total root number per kan, rate of first grade ginseng seedling, and rate of usable ginseng seedling etc. were entirely higher but there was little differences. Using defatted rice bran was slightly lower in productivity compared to Yacto, but the possibility was high as a alternative for Yacto in a view of managing cost down.

An analysis of RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction) was performed with three Angelica species (A. gigas Nakai, A. sinensis (Olive.) Diels and A. acutiloba Kitag) in an effort to distinguish between members of these three species. Two arbitrary primers (OPC02, OPD11) out of 80 primers tested, produced 17 species-specific fragments among the three species. Eight fragments were specific for A. sinensis, four fragments specific for A. gigas, five specific for A. acutiloba. When primers OPC02 and OPD11 were used in the polymerase chain reaction, RAPD-PCR fragments that were specific for each of the three species were generated simultaneously. Primer OPC02 produced eight species-specific fragments: four were specific for A. sinensis, one for A. gigas, and three for A. acutiloba. Primer OPD11 produced nine species- specific fragments: four for A. sinensis, three for A. gigas, and two for A. acutiloba. The RAPD-PCR markers that were generated with these two primers should rapidly identify members of the three Angelica species. The consistency of the identifications made with these species-specific RAPD-PCR markers was demonstrated by the observation that each respective marker was generated from three accessions of each species, all with different origins. We also performed the RAPD-PCR analysis with the dried Angelica root samples that randomly collected from marketed and from the OPC02 primer, obtained a A. gigas- specific band and the band were cloned and sequenced.

Rehmannia glutinosa is one of the most important medicinal crops in Korea. However various plant pathogens including Fusarium sp. cause great damages and cause enormous economic losses. Therefore, this study was conducted to select Fusarium resistant plants by using mutagen-treated Rehmannia glutinosa. The plant material used was a native accession of Rehmannia glutinosa. As a result, among the Rehmannia glutinosa treated with various concentrations of EMS, R, glutinosa treated with 0.03M EMS showed higher resistance against infection of F. oxysporum in pot tests, and Rehmannia glutinosa plants treated with 0.12M EMS showed higher resistance against infection of F. oxysporum in field tests.

Internet of Things (IoT) is suffered from different types of attacks due to vulnerability present in devices. Due to many IoT network traffic features, the machine learning models take time to detect attacks. This paper proposes a feature selection for intrusion detection systems (IDSs) using Information Gain (IG) and Gain Ratio (GR) with the ranked top 50% features for the detection of DoS and DDoS attacks. The proposed system obtains feature subsets using insertion and union operations on subsets obtained by the ranked top 50% IG and GR features. The proposed method is evaluated and validated on IoT-BoT and KDD Cup 1999 datasets, respectively, with a JRipclassifier. The system provides higher performance than the original feature set and traditional IDSs on IoT-BoT and KDD Cup 1999 datasets using 16 and 19 features, respectively.

In order to determine the most suitable computer interfaces for patients with high cervical cord injury, we report three cases of applications of special input devices. The first was a 49-year-old patient with neurological level of injury (NLI) C4, American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (ASIA)-A. He could move the cursor by using a webcam-based Camera Mouse. Moreover, clicking the mouse could only be performed by pronation of the forearm on the modified Micro Light Switch. The second case was a 41-year-old patient with NLI C3, ASIA-A. The SmartNav 4AT which responds according to head movements could provide stable performance in clicking and dragging. The third was a 13-year-old patient with NLI C1, ASIA-B. The IntegraMouse enabling clicking and dragging with fine movements of the lips. Selecting the appropriate interface device for patients with high cervical cord injury could be considered an important part of rehabilitation. We expect the standard proposed in this study will be helpful.