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2007 개정 음악과 교육과정과 2009 개정 교육과정에 따른 음악과 교육과정은 국악 교육에 있어 서 국악의 질적 제고를 위해 새로운 국악 용어의 도입을 시도하였다. 장단과 관련된 용어로써 장단 꼴, 장단의 세(勢), 장단의 한배, 말붙임새 등을 제시한 것이다. 이러한 국악 용어는 국악의 특징을 바르게 이해할 수 있게 한다. 하지만 현장 교사들은 여전히 국악 용어들에 대한 이해가 부족하다. 그 중에서 ‘장단의 세(勢)’는 특히 심하다. 이에 본 연구는 ‘장단의 세(勢)’에 대한 의미를 고찰하고, 이를 바탕으로 ‘장단의 세(勢)’와 관련된 내용을 살펴보았으며, 나아가 ‘장단의 세(勢)’를 지도하기 위한 방안을 마련해 보았다. ‘장단의 세(勢)’는 장단의 개념을 보다 명확하게 해주는 역할을 한다. 세(勢)에 따라 장단이 달라 지고 장단에 따라 세(勢)의 위치가 달라지며 장단의 기능(역할)에 따라 세의 정도가 달라진다. 장단 의 세(勢)는 장단을 다양하게 활용하고 여러 장단의 관계를 파악하게하며, 반주 장단만이 아니라 악 곡 속에 나타나는 악곡 장단의 세(勢)를 파악함으로써 ‘셈여림’이라는 개념을 이해하는 기초가 된다. ‘세(勢)’와 ‘장단의 세(勢)’라는 말을 사용한 용례를 통해 ‘세’는 ‘강약’ 또는 ‘강세’의 의미로 사용되 고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 바탕으로 세는 강약을 주개념으로 하는 다의적 개념이며 ‘장단의 세’ 와 같이 장단에 한정한다면 장단과 관련된 특정 부분의 세(특히 강세)를 뜻하는 국악 용어로 정리할 수 있었다. 현행 교과용 도서에 제시된 내용을 고찰한 결과 장단의 세와 관련된 지도 내용은 악곡 장단의 세, 반주 장단의 세, 풍물 가락의 세, 세의 변화 등이 있었다. 장단의 세는 현재 제시된 내용을 지도 하는 것으로 충분하다. 이에 따라 지도 내용별로 장단의 세에 대한 지도 방안을 마련해 본 결과, 악곡 장단의 세는 노랫말과 가락의 특징에 따라 나타나는 세를 중심으로 지도하고 반주 장단과 풍 물가락의 세는 구음을 통해서 지도하며 세의 변화는 세의 보편적인 양상을 지도한 후 변하는 부분 을 지도하는 것이 바람직하다는 결론을 내렸다.

New terms in Korean Music have been presented since the Revised Curriculum of 2007 for raising Korean Music education qualitatively. In New terms of Korean Music there is a ‘Jangdankkoal’, ‘Se of Jangdan’, ‘Hanbae of Jangdan’, ‘Buchimsae’ connection with the words of a song. These help us correctly understand the characteristic of Korean Music. Of these ‘Se of Jangda’ is not now well understood by teachers. Study on this must be conducted. Therefore, in this study I considered the concept of ‘Se of Jangd’. Also on the foundation of this concept, I inquired about the content relation to ‘Se of Jangdan’ and about the systematized teaching methods of relation to it. Jangdan becomes deferent in relationship to the position and strength of ‘Se of Jangdan’. ‘Se of Jangdan’ becomes deferent according to the role of Jangdan. ‘Se of Jangdan’ definitely plays the role of understanding the concept of Jangdan and is the bases for discovering its dynamics. When ‘Se’ is used in connection with Jangdan we say ‘Se of Jangdan’ which means an accent on a specific beat of Jangdan. The leaning contents of ‘Se of Jangdan’ are ‘Se of Jangdan in music’, ‘Se of Jangdan in instrumental accompaniment’, ‘Se of Pungmul Garak’, and ‘Change of Se’. The leaning of ‘Se of Jangdan’ begins with the general accent of Jangdan. Secondly we teach ‘Se of Jangdan’ according to the role of continuance-close and beat structure. Then the leaning of ‘Se of Jangdan in music’ is focused on the lyric and melody. The leaning of ‘Se of Jangdan’ ‘in instrumental accompaniment’ and ‘Se of Pungmul Garak’ must use ‘Gueum’.

장단은 국악의 중요한 특징 중 하나이며, 국악을 국악답게 가르치기 위한 주요 학습 요소 이다. 2007 개정 교육과정 이후 장단과 관련한 학습 요소로 장단꼴, 장단의 세, 장단의 한배 등이 선정되어 관련 교수ㆍ학습이 음악교과에서 이루어지고 있다. 이 논문에서는 장단과 관 련한 학습 요소의 특성을 요소별로 살펴보고 공교육 현장에서 가르쳐야 하는 장단 관련 음악 교육의 수준과 지도 방향을 살펴보았다. 또한 이 논문에서는 국악 제재곡을 오선보에 기보할 때 ‘박 모음’ 유형에 따른 장단의 박자 표 표기 방안을 다루기 위해 2소박 모음 및 3소박 모음의 장단과 혼소박 모음의 장단으로 나누어서 살펴보았다. 그 결과 국악 제재곡을 장단의 특성에 맞게 기보하기 위해서는 2소박 모음 장단인 경우 분모 부분에 사분음표를 제시하고 3소박 모음 장단인 경우와 분모 부분에 점사분음표를 제시하여서, 그 장단이 몇 박 모음의 장단인지를 표시하는 것이 가장 이상적이 라고 보았다. 또한 혼소박 모음 장단의 경우에는 오선보기보 박자표 표기의 원칙을 벗어나지 않으면서도 국악 제재곡의 특성을 반영하기 위해서는 3+2+3+2/8와 혹은 3+2+3+2/♪의 박자표 표기가 가장 바람직하다는 사실을 밝혔다.

Jangdan is one of the important characteristics of Korean music and is a major learning element for teaching Korean music in an authentic manner. Since the 2007 revised curriculum, learning elements related to jangdan, including Jangdankkol (patterns), Se(accent) of Jangdan, and Hanbae(tempo) of Jangdan, have been selected, and the corresponding teaching and learning take place within the music curriculum. This paper examined the characteristics of learning elements related to jangdan on a per-element basis and explored the level and instructional direction of music education related to Jangdan that should be taught in the field of public education. In addition, in this paper, to deal with the time signature of Jangdan according to the types of “beat grouping” when transcribing Korean music pieces onto musical staff notation, it is divided into the case of ‘two sub beats’ and ‘three sub beats’ and the case of ‘mixed sub beats’. As a result, to notate Korean music pieces according to the characteristics of Jangdan, it was recommended to indicate a quarter note in the denominator part for the ‘two sub beats’ type of jangdan and a dotted quarter note in the denominator part for the ‘three sub beats’ type of jangdan. Thus, it was considered most optimal to indicate the type of “beat grouping” of Jangdan. In addition, it was revealed that in the case of the “mixed sub beats Jangdan”, it is most desirable to mark the time signature such as 3+2+3+2/8 and 3+2+3+2/♪ to reflect the characteristics of Korean music while adhering to the principle of marking the time signature in the staff notation system.

이 연구에서는 울릉분지 퇴적물에서 금속환원미생물을 농화 배양하여 종 다양성을 확인하고, 다양한 유기물과 금속 산화물을 각각 전자공여체 및 전자수용체로 이용하여 8°C와 25°C에서 미생물의 금속환원능을 평가하였다. 형성된 침전물은 XRD, SEM/TEM-EDS 분석을 통해 광물학적 특성을 확인하였다. 농화배양된 금속환원미생물은 Shewanella sp. 와 Clostridium sp., 등 이며, 이 미생물에 의해 망간(IV)산화물은 능망간석(MnCO3)으로, 철(III)수산화물은 자철석(Fe3O4) 및 능철석(FeCO3)으로 상전이 되고, 셀레늄(VI)과 금(III) 이온은 각각 셀레늄(0)과 금(0)으로환원되어 침전되었다. 따라서 동해 울릉분지 표층퇴적물 내 다양한 금속환원미생물의 존재는 퇴적물 내 망간과 철을비롯한 다양한 금속의 순환과 광물 형성 및 집적에 기여했을 것으로 사료된다.

The objective of this study was to examine diverse metal-reduction and biomineralization by metal-reducing bacteria (MRB) enriched from marine sediments of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea. Microbial diversity of the MRB was identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis. Microbial metal reduction was studied using diverse redox-sensitive metals [Mn(IV), Fe(III), Se(VI), Au(III)] as electron acceptors and various electron donors (acetate, formate, glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) at 8°C or 25°C. XRD and SEM/TEM-EDS were used to analyze mineralogical, chemical, and morphological characteristics of the minerals formed by bacteria. The MRB including Shewanella sp., Clostridium sp., Vibrio sp. and others, formed rhodochrosite (MnCO3), and magnetite (Fe3O4)/siderite (FeCO3) by Mn(IV) and Fe(III) reduction processes, respectively. They also reduced Se(VI) and Au(III) into Se(0) and Au(0), respectively. These results imply that the MRB are able to reduce various redox-sensitive metals and they may influence biomineralization and cycle of metals and organic matter in subsurface environments.

본 실험은 한우 종빈우의 임신말기에 Se과 Vit. E 투여가 종빈우의 번식기능에 미치는 요인과 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 발육능력을 조사하였다. 1 분만 1개월전 Se과 Vit. E을 투여한 구에서 송아지의 발육성적을 조사한 결과, 생시체중은 각각 23.33, 24.00, 24.00, 24.50, 24.00 및 25.60㎏으로서 처리구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 성적을 나타냈다. 또한 이유시 체중과 일당증체량도 투여구가 대조구보다 다소 높은 성적을 나타냈으며, 이유시 일령은 투여구가 대조구보다 이유시 일령이 다소 적었으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 2. 종빈우의 번식능력을 조사한 결과, 분만 후 초발정과 인공수정 휫수는 투여구가 대조구보다 초발정이 빨리 도래하였고, 수태당 인공수정 휫수도 적었으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 3. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 2개월전에 4회 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 생시체중, 이유시 체중 및 일당증체량은 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈으며, 이유시 일령은 투여구가 대조구보다 이유시 일령이 짧았으나 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 4. 한우 종빈우의 번식능력을 조사한 결과, 분만 후 초발정은 유의적인 차이는 없었으며(P> 0.05), 수태 당 인공수정 횟수는 각각 2.00, 1.63, 1.25, 1.50, 1.33 및 1.46회로서 투여구가 대조구보다 인공수정 횟수가 적었으나 처리구간 커다란 차이가 없었다(P>0.05).

The objective of this study were to investigate the effects of Se and Vit. E administration at last month or two month before parturition on the reproductive function of dams and developmental ability of calves. On developmental ability of calves obtained afier Se and Vit. E administration at the last month of pregnancing periods, the birth weight were significantly higher in administration groups than in control group(P<0.05). However, the weaning weight, average daily gain and weaning age were not significantly difference in all experimental groups. In the comparision of reproductive function in dams, estrus postpartum was faster in treatment groups than control groups(P>0.05). However, the number of A.1 service fur conception were lower groups injected than control group(P>0.05), there were not significantly differences in all experimental groups. The developmental ability of calves obtained after Se and Vit. E administration at two months before parturition were also examined. The birth weight, weaning weight, average daily gain and weaning age were higher in treatment groups than control group, but there were not significantly differences in all experimental groups. In reproductive function of dams, the days to 1 st estrus postpartum was slightly faster injected groups than control group(P>0.05). Number of A.I. service for conception in each groups were lower in treatment groups than control group.

Accurate tooth segmentation from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is essential for dental diagnosis and treatment planning. This study presents a deep-learning approach for 3D tooth segmentation utilizing the SegMamba architecture enhanced with Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) attention mechanisms in the skip connections. The proposed method leverages the strengths of state space models for capturing long-range dependencies while the SE attention blocks recalibrate feature representations to focus on the most informative channels and spatial regions. Our end-to-end framework directly processes 3D CBCT volumes to produce accurate tooth segmentation masks. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that our method achieves a high Dice score of 91.42%, outperforming current state-of-the-art approaches for tooth segmentation tasks.

In the traditional grammar, the constructions with both impersonal SE and passive SE are distinguished from the agreement on the verb in direct object position. However, these studies cannot explain various examples of that constructions and the students suffer difficulties to learn it. That it to say, the education of the constructions with both impersonal SE and passive SE based on this point of view shows many problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the properties of the clitic SE in the constructions, and to apply that reanalysis to the education of the grammar. In this study, I propose that, in this constructions, the EPP is satisfied optimally by adjunct of the clitic SE, in addition to the Movement of the verb to T. The relevant analysis is argued for in the context of the Minimalist Program(Chomsky, 1995)

본 실험은 한우 종빈우의 임신말기에 Se과 Vit. E 투여가 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 발육능력을 조사하고 혈액화학치 및 혈중 Vit. E 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 1개월전에 투여 한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 albumin은 3.36, 3.51, 3.43, 3.45, 3.83 및 3.31g/d1로서 Vit. E 2000IU 투여구가 여타구보다 높은 성적을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 평균 혈중 cholesterol함량은 Vit. E 1500IU 투여구가 여타구보다 높은 함량을 나타냈으나, 혈중 BUN, creatiine, glucose, inorganic phosphorous, calcium, total protein 및 triglycerides 함량은 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 2. Se과 Vit. E를 분만 2개월 전에 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 평균 혈중 albumin, cho-lesterol, BUN, creatiine, glucose, inorganic phos-phorous, calcium, total protein 및 triglycerides 함량은 처리구간 유의적인 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 3. 분만 1개월 전에 Se과 Vit. E 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 혈중 vitamin E 농도에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과, 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 생후 15일째 혈중 Vit. E 농도는 처리구간 커다란 차이가 없었으나, 생후 45일째 혈중 Vit. E 농도는 투여구가 대조구보다 높은 농도를 나타냈다. 모든 처리구에서 송아지의 생후 일령이 증가함에 따라 혈중 Vit. E 농도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 4. 분만 전 2개월 전에 Se과 Vit. E를 투여한 한우 종빈우에서 태어난 송아지의 생후 15일과 45일째 혈중 Vit. E의 농도는 처리구간 커다란 차이는 없었다(P>0.05).

The objective of this study were to investigate the effects of Se and Vit. E administration on blood chemical values and Vit. E concentrations of serum in calves born from Hanwoo dams injected Se and Vit. E at late pregnancying periods. The effects of Se and Vit. E administration of blood chemical values in calves born from Hanwoo dams injected Se and Vit. E at the last month of pregnancying periods were examined. In albumin concentration of blood, the Vit. E 2000IU group were slightly higher than other groups and the cholesterol concentrations were also higher in Vit. E 15001u group than other groups. But, another components examined of blood chemical values were not significantly different in all experimental groups. The blood chemical values in calves born from Hanwoo dams administrated Se and Vit. E at two months before parturition were examined. However, there were not significantly different in all experimental groups in concentrations of albumin, cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, glucose, inorganic phosphorous, calcium, total protein and triglycerides. The concentrations of serum Vit. E in calves born from Hanwoo dams administrated Se and Vit. E at 30 and 15 days before parturition were examined. The concentrations of Vit. E in serum were higher in treatment groups than in control group(P>0.05). The concentrations of serum Vit. E in calves born from Hanwoo dams administrated Se and Vit. E at 60 days before parturition were examined, the concentrations of Vit. E in serum were slightly higher in groups administrated than in control group(P>0.05), but there were not significantly difference in all experimental groups.

본 연구의 목적은 근로자들을 대상으로 소매틱경험(Somatic Expericening)을 기반으로 한 미술치료 프로그램 을 실시하여 근로자들의 스트레스 완화에 미치는 효과를 연구하는 데 있다. 연구 대상은 서울시에 소재한 정신의 학과에 자발적으로 내방한 자들로 실험집단 15명, 통제집단 16명이 참여하였으며 연구 도구는 스트레스 척도 (PSS-10), 우울 척도(PHQ-9), 불안 척도(GAD-7)를 사용하였고 개인 심리미술치료를 진행하였다. 실험집단과 통제집단의 동질성을 확보한 후, 프로그램의 효과성을 알아보기 위해 반복측정 변량분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구 결과, 프로그램 참여자들의 스트레스, 신체증상, 우울, 불안 반응이 프로그램 참여 전보다 유의미하게 감소하였다. 따라서 소매틱경험(SE) 기반 미술치료 프로그램은 근로자들의 스트레스가 완화되고 심리적 건강이 양호해지는데 유의미한 영향력을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 본 연구는 신체증상을 주로 다루는 소매틱경험(SE)과 미술치 료가 통합되어 스트레스 완화에 효과를 내었다는 기초자료를 제공한 점에 의의가 있다. 또한 트라우마 치료에 특화된 소매틱경험(SE)이 외상증상뿐만 아니라 스트레스로 인한 다양한 정서적 어려움을 갖는 일반인에게도 적용할 수 있다는 것을 보여주므로 대상자의 확장 가능성을 보여주었다는 데 의의가 있다.

T The purpose of this study is to study the effect of relieving workers' stress by conducting an art therapy program based on Somatic Experiencing for workers. The subjects of this study were those who voluntarily visited the psychiatric department located in Seoul, and 15 experimental groups and 16 control groups participated, and the stress scale (PSS-10), depression scale (PHQ-9), and anxiety scale (GAD-7) were used as research tools, and individual psychological art therapy was performed. After securing the homogeneity of the experimental group and the control group, repeated measurement variable analysis was conducted to find out the effectiveness of the program. As a result of this study, the stress, physical symptoms, depression, and anxiety responses of the program participants were significantly reduced compared to before participating in the program. Therefore, it was found that Somatic Experiencing(SE)-based art therapy program had a significant influence on workers' stress relief and good psychological health. And this study is significant in that it provided basic data that the integration of Somatic Experiencing(SE), which mainly deals with physical symptoms, and art therapy were effective in relieving stress. In addition, it is significant that Somatic Experiencing(SE) specialized in trauma treatment has shown that it can be applied not only to trauma symptoms but also to the general public with various emotional difficulties caused by stress, showing the possibility of expansion of the subject.

The purpose of this study is to analyze two greek prepositions (‘apo’ and ‘se’) and learners’ errors to suggest comprehensible instruction in general. To express spatial meaning, the Greek language uses almost exclusively combinations of local adverbs with prepositions, especially ‘apo’ and ‘se’, with certain case while the Korean language uses ‘adverbial particles’. The first investigation is to look into the meanings of greek prepositions, especially ‘apo’ and ‘se’ which are ‘primary’ prepositions in the Greek language. It is necessary to analyze how they are expressed in the Korean language due to set instructional direction to Korean learners. There are many adverbial particles which correspond with each meaning of two greek prepositions so that it is not that clear for Korean learners to understand scattered semantic category of each preposition. Subsequently we will analyze learners’ errors of their use of prepositions. The result shows that the learners are problematic to use ‘apo’ and ‘se’ properly. In some cases their use of the prepositions seems mixed up. It is important to know problematic points of greek prepositions ‘apo’ and ‘se’ to Korean learners to set some efficient instruction. At the conclusion, there are some suggestions on the effective teaching of greek prepositions ‘apo’ and ‘se’ especially in ‘complex prepositions’ using images and example sentences.

Ο σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης είναι να αναλύσουμε δύο ελληνικές προ θέσεις («από» και «σε») και τα λάθη των μαθητών προκειμένου να π ροτείνουμε κατανοητή διδασκαλία. Για να εκφράσει χωρική έννοια, η ελληνική γλώσσα χρησιμοποιεί σχεδόν αποκλειστικά συνδυασμούς τοπ ικών επιρρημάτων με προθέσεις, ειδικά «από» και «σε». Ενώ η κορεατ ική γλώσσα χρησιμοποιεί «επιρρηματικά μορφήματα». Αρχικώς, εξετάζ ουμε τις έννοιες των ελληνικών προθέσεων, ιδιαίτερα «από» και «σε» που θεωρούνται ως «βασικές» προθέσεις στην ελληνική γλώσσα. Είνα ι απαραίτητο να αναλυθεί πώς εκφράζονται οι δύο προθέσεις στην κ ορεατική γλώσσα, λόγω της κατανοητής καθοδήγησης των κορεατών μαθητών. Υπάρχουν αρκετά κορεατικά μορφήματα που αντιστοιχούν σε κάθε έννοια των δύο προθέσεων, έτσι ώστε να μην είναι σαφές για τ ους Κορεάτες μαθητές να κατανοήσουν τη σημασιολογική κατηγορία της κάθε πρόθεσης. Στη συνέχεια θα αναλύσουμε τα λάθη των μαθη τών σχετικά με τη χρήση προθέσεων. Το αποτέλεσμα δείχνει ότι οι μαθητές είναι προβληματικοί να χρησιμοποιούν σωστά «από» και «σε ». Σε ορισμένες περιπτώσεις, η χρήση των δύο προθέσεων μπερδεύετα ι. Είναι σημαντικό να γνωρίζουμε τα προβληματικά σημεία στην εκμά θηση των προθέσεων «από» και «σε» για τους Κορεάτες μαθητές. Επί σης χρειάζεται να θέσουμε κάποια αποτελεσματική καθοδήγηση. Τελι κά στο παρόν άρθρο προτείνονται ορισμένοι τρόποι για την αποτελεσ ματική διδασκαλία των ελληνικών προθέσεων «από» και «σε», ειδικά σε μορφή «σύνθετες προθέσεις» με εικόνες και παραδείγματα.

본 연구는 2014년 인천아시아경기대회 기계체조 도마 결승에서 북한의 리세광 선수가 연기한 Ri Se Gwang 2 기술의 운동 특성을 파악하여 훈련 현장에 활용할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 이를 위한 분석결과 다음과 같 은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, Ri Se Gwang 2 동작은 제 2비약의 체공시간이 1.07초, 체공높이는 2.83 m로 나타났으며, 도 마 이륙 시 수평속도는 2.03 m/s, 수직속도는 3.87 m/s로 나타났다. 이는 YANG Hak Seon 동작과 크게 다르지 않은 결과로서 동작 완수를 위해서는 다소 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, Ri Se Gwang 2 동작은 도마 블로킹 시 신체중심의 높이가 1.52 m로 높고, 도마 접촉국면동안 평균 대퇴의 회전속도가 497 deg./s로 빠르게 진행하였다. 또한 도마 이륙 시 고관절각은 207도의 과신전을 유지하고, 도마 이륙각은 92도로 매우 크며, 동체의 회전속도는 753 deg./s도로 매우 빠르게 나타나는 특징을 보였다. 셋째, Ri Se Gwang 2 동작은 도마 접촉 순간 왼쪽 견관절각 109도, 오른쪽 견관절각 97도로 매우 작은 굴곡각이 나타났고, 도마 이륙 순간 왼쪽 견관절각 121도, 오른쪽 견관절각 117도로서 매우 작은 각 변위가 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to provide essential information regarding Ri Se Gwang 2 motion, which Ri Se Gwang of North Korea performed during the final vault event of artistic gymnastic at Incheon Asian Game 2014, to the training field by analysing the motional characteristics of Ri Se Gwang 2 technique. The results were as below. Firstly, second vault Ri Se Gwang 2 had flight time of 1.07 seconds and flight height of 2.83 m while horizontal and vertical takeoff velocity from the vault were 2.03 m/s and 3.87 m/s, respectively. These results are similar to study of YANG Hak Seon technique and somewhat insufficient for the successful completion of the technique. Secondly, Ri Se Gwang 2 technique had center mass of the body positioned at 1.52m height at the blocking phase and the average angular velocity of thigh was 497 deg/s at the contact phase. It also showed hyper extended hip joint angle of 207 degrees at the takeoff from the vault and had very high takeoff angle of 92 degrees while having very fast trunk rotational velocity of 753 deg/s. Finally, Ri Se Gwang 2 technique, at the contact phase, had small left and right shoulder joint angles of 109 degrees and 97 degrees, respectively, while showing very small magnitude of changes in shoulder joint angle by having 121 degrees (left) and 117 degrees (right), respectively, at the take off.

The effects of Asaddition in amorphous selenium(a-Se) films for digital X-ray conversion material have been studied using the moving photocarrier grating (MPG) technique. This method utilizes the moving interference pattern generated by the superposition of the two frequency shifted laser beams for the illumination of the sample. This moving intensity grating induces a short circuit current, jsc in a-Se:As film. The transport parameters of the sample are extracted from the grating-velocity dependent short circuit current induced in the sample alongthe modulation direction. The electron and hole mobility, and recombination lifetime of a-Se films with arsenic(As) additions have been obtained. We have found an increase in hole drift mobility and recombination lifetime, especially when 0.3% As is added into a-Se film, whereas electron mobility decreases with As addition due to the defect density. The transport properties for As doped a-Se films obtained by using MPG technique have been compared with X-ray sensitivity for a-Se'-As device. The fabricated a-Se(0.3% As) device film exhibited the highest X-ray sensitivity out of 5 samples.

비파괴검사 분야의 방사선 검사(RT) 방식은 image plate (IP)를 사용한 Computed Radiography(CR) 영상시스템의 도 입에 따라 필름 방식의 아날로그 영상이 점차 디지털 영상으로 교체되고 있다. 비파괴검사에서 결함을 효과적으로 검출할 수 있는 영상의 품질은 촬영 조건, 영상획득매체, 사용 선원의 종류 및 촬영 거리, 검사체 두께 등이 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 비파괴 검사 분야에 적용할 수 있는 감마선원의 기본 특성을 조사하였고, FUJI사에서 개발한 CR 영상 시스템에 75Se, 192Ir 동위원소를 적용하여 영상을 획득하였다. 획득된 영상의 gray scale을 이미지 소프트웨어 를 통해 추출한 후에 대조도 및 신호대잡음비를 계산하고 비교 분석하였다. 또한 투과도계를 이용한 비교 영상을 통하 여 식별도를 분석하였다.

A computed Radiography (CR) system by use of reusable Image Plate (IP) offers a convenient and reliable way to replace a conventional film-screen system for NDT (non-destructive testing) field. The quality of a radiography to detect a defect of welded objects depends on the procedure embracing several factors such as measurement conditions, image plate type/class, radiation energy, radiation type, and source to image plate distance. Also, the ability of images to detect a flaw reduces with increasing object thickness. In the study, the properties of gamma ray source were summarized for NDT field and inspection images of CR image system manufactured by FUJI were acquired using 75Se and 192Ir with welded objects. We analyzed the gray scale of hole defect image by using XCAP image processing program and calculated the image contrast and SNR in definition. Also the sesitivities of image quality indicator(IQI) were calculated for hot and cooling tube image of 75Se and 192Ir.

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for ZnIn2Se4 single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal electric furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, ZnIn2Se4 mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semiinsulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperatures were 630oC and 400oC, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). The carrier density and mobility of ZnIn2Se4 single crystal thin films measured from Hall effect by van der Pauw method are 9.41×1016 cm-3 and 292 cm2/v·s at 293 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of the energy band gap of the ZnIn2Se4 obtained from the absorption spectra was well described by the Varshni's relation, Eg(T) = 1.8622 eV −(5.23×10-4 eV/K)T2/(T + 775.5 K).

Se’i, a traditional smoked meat dish from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, represents a vital aspect of the region’s cultural heritage. These studies were reviewed by analysing data from peer-reviewed articles, books, and other scholarly materials collected from academic databases, including google scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and JSTOR. The review focused on the historical, cultural, microbiological, and nutritional aspects of Se’i. Se’i preparation involves smoking meat over wood, which not only adds flavour but also preserves the meat through the antimicrobial properties of smoke. This process enhances the physicochemical properties of Se’i, including its high protein and fat content, while preserving essential nutrients like B vitamins, iron, and zinc. These nutrients are crucial for muscle repair, immune function, and energy production. Microbiologically, smoking helps inhibit harmful microorganisms, ensuring food safety. However, challenges related to the consistency of production, the high fat and sodium content, and the accessibility to markets should be addressed. Despite these concerns, Se’i’s potential for future growth remains significant. With advances in food safety and sustainability and adaptation to modern consumer preferences, Se’i can evolve into a globally recognized delicacy while still preserving its cultural integrity. Moving forward, addressing the challenges and capitalizing on opportunities for innovation will be key in expanding Se’i’s role in both local and international food markets.

This research was conducted to study the effects of organic selenium (Se) supplements at different levels on pork loin quality during storage. Fifteen pork loins were procured randomly from three groups, Con (fed basal diet), Se15 (fed 0.15 ppm organic Se along with 0.10 ppm inorganic Se), and Se45 (fed 0.45 ppm organic Se along with 0.10 ppm inorganic Se). Each sample was analyzed for Se contents, antioxidant properties (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] activity, 2,2′-azinobis-[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] [ABTS] and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] radical scavenging activities, 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances), physicochemical properties (water holding capacity, pH, color), and metabolomic analysis during 14-day storage period. Se45-supplemented group showed significantly higher Se contents and GPx activity than the other groups throughout the storage period. However, other antioxidant properties were not significantly affected by Se supplementation. Selenium supplementation did not have an adverse impact on physicochemical properties. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance-based metabolomic analysis indicated that the selenium supply conditions were insufficient to induce metabolic change. These results suggest that organic Se (0.15 and 0.45 ppm) can accumulate high Se content in pork loins without compromising quality.

우리는 국가 경쟁력의 한 분야인 사업관리에 있어 계획, 수행, 성과관리, 개선에 최적의 프로세스 보유가 요구된다. 그러나 Project관리체계의 현 실태는 일정관리, 범위관리, 비용관리에 초점을 맞춘 일정관리체계, WBS(Work Breakdown Structure) 및 OBS(Organizational Breakdown Structure)관리, 비용관리체계의 부분 통합 혹은 서로의 연계 정도이다. 본 연구는 최적의 사업관리를 위하여 계약관리에 체계공학을 연계하여 계약 전에 WBS, IMP/IMS(Integrated Master Plan)/(Integratcd Master Schedule), TPM(Technical Performance Measurement) 등의 SEP(Systems Engineering Plan)와 계약 후의 이행을 검증 할 수 있는 과정의 Guideline을 제시하고, IEEE 1220, ANSI/EIA 632 순기 의거 개념설계부터 통합시험에 이르는 체계공학 순기에 따른 비용예측이 가능한 USC(University of Southern CalIfornia) 대학의 COSYSMO (Constructive Systems Engineering Cost ModeI)를 소개하고 적용 가능성을 고찰하며, Project의 전순기에 걸쳐 TPM 혹은 Quality를 비용과 일정에 통합하여 관리하는 PBEV(Performance Based Earned Value)모델을 소개하고 적용 가능성을 제시한다. Project 관리에 있어 System 차원을 강조한 SE(Systems Engineering), 비용예측의 CM(Cost Management), 성과관리를 위한 EVM(Earned Value Management)의 통합은 사업 관리에 역량을 강화하며 경쟁력을 향상 시킬 수 있는 적절한 접근으로 사료된다.