Earticle

본 연구는 치석제거에 대한 인식과 치석제거 건강보험 급여화에 대한 인식도 및 만족도를 파악하여 치과건강보험의 효율적인 보건정책을 위해 전북지역 거주민 389명을 대상으로 2016년 5월 30일부터 7월 30일까지 설문조사를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 치석제거 적정횟수는 ‘연 2회’가 가장 높게 나타났고, 적정 연령은 ‘20대부터’가 가장 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 치석제거 급여화 인식도는 여자에서, 치주건강 관심도가 높은 경우 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 적용 만족도도 여 자에서, 치주건강 관심도가 높은 경우 높게 나타났다. 넷째, 치석제거 인식도는 치석제거 급여화 인식도, 치석제거 급여화 만족도와, 치석제거 급여화 인식도는 치석제거 급여화 만족도와 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 이에 치석제거에 대한 지속적인 인식 향상을 위해 올바른 정보 제공과 적극적으로 교육매체를 활용한 홍보가 이루어져야 할 것으로 사료된다.

This study aimed to investigate recognition of dental scaling and recognition of and satisfaction with health insurance coverage of dental scaling and make an efficient healthcare policy for dental health insurance; to do this, a survey was conducted in 389 residents in North Jeolla Province, drawing the following conclusion: First, the respondents were most likely to suggest that it was desirable to get dental scaling ‘twice a year’ and to start it ‘in their twenties’. Second, those who were female and who were more concerned about periodontal health were more likely to recognize coverage of dental scaling. Third, those who were female and who were more concerned about periodontal health were also more satisfied with the coverage. It is therefore necessary to make PRs by using teaching media positively as well as by giving correct information with the objective of improving recognition of dental scaling on a continuous basis.

New health technologies are as the state-of-the-art in the modern medicine and health care that can be applied to various systemic diseases. Regardless of its importance, in many cases the patients are not being able to benefit from new health technologies for their systemic diseases. Hence, they are not covered under health insurance generally, and even covered, it is common that long time is taken to be covered. This study looks at different perspective to the number of previous studies on regenerative medicine as an exemplary case and health insurance coverage, which focused on the clinical results that was beneficial to the patients, researchers and society. In this study, the insured benefits and various non-insured benefits under the health insurance system were examined. Even some regenerative medical services are recognized as safety and efficacy to some degree, the problem of being treated as non-insured medical services due to the new health care technology as itself was discussed through the concept of shadow price. In addition, the study discussed that regenerative medicine proven effectiveness for disease treatments should be included in the insurance benefits, in principle. For this, Japanese cases were referred. The case of Japan may not be fully applicable to all other countries or some specific countries. However, it may be a reference for countries with low protection even though taking public medical insurance systems.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in the length of hospital stay between hemorrhage stroke survivors with health insurance and those with medical care after controlling all factors except for the type of medical insurance by using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data from the Korean National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's In-Depth Discharge Injury Survey between the years 2006 and 2012 were used for analysis. A total of 4,538 cases were defined as persons with hemorrhagic stroke (I60-I62) based on the block of categories in the International Classification of Diseases (10th). In order to analyze the inpatient period differences depending on the type of health care, which reflects one's socio-economic level, the chi-square and t-test was conducted. Results: Frequency and percentage were presented, and regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the inpatient period. Age, severity of disease, treatment outcome, and post-discharge status were no longer statistically significant after matching. The inpatient period of the persons receiving medical aid benefits was found to be significantly longer than those with national health insurance (p<0.05). Conclusions: The factors influencing the inpatient period of hemorrhagic stroke survivors were treatment outcomes, severity of disease, hospital admission process, and the type of health care. It is necessary for systematic and comprehensive governmental management for persons with hemorrhagic stroke to be transferred to long-term care facilities.

The insurance business struggles to find and keep consumers in the modern digital era. Customers today are rapidly flocking to social commerce sites for all their shopping needs, rendering traditional sales channels less effective. The widespread adoption of social commerce platforms has allowed insurance providers to expand their customer base, improve service, and streamline the buying process for their policyholders. The study aims to investigate a conceptual framework representing the factors influencing the person’s future adoption intention toward the purchase of insurance on S-commerce. Based on extensive literature, a total of 10 relationships were hypothesised and statistically examined using Structural Equation Modelling using AMOS. The results reveal that eight out of these ten hypotheses were supported. The effects of Perceived enjoyment on usefulness and relative advantage on perceived risk were not supported. The findings revealed that enhancing consumers’ enjoyment while using the social commerce platform is vital to mitigating the consumers’ perceived risk and increasing the number of relative advantages that may provide distinctiveness to the platform. Moreover, the risk of fraud and security vulnerabilities associated with s-commerce platforms may have adverse effects on customer’s attitudes toward purchasing insurance. The study has significant ramifications for social commerce platforms and insurance providers.

In order to solve the current crucial environmental problems, China has initially established a system of compulsory liability insurance for environmental pollution. Coverage is still a matter of concern in practice in the construction of the system. This paper attempts to follow the basic principles and concepts of compulsory liability insurance for environmental pollution, combines the reality of China with law and economic theory to explore the controversial and specific risk responsibilities. While choosing the underwriting standards, it is ambiguous to clarify whether the liability for progressive pollution accidents falls within the coverage of insurance standards which is against the purpose of the system. On the specific underwriting matters, although the eco-environmental damage is included, the definition of public and private law liability is still unclear, and the relevant system supporting norm standards are still to be clarified; the compensation for mental damage co is excluded from the coverage, the value of the system cannot be achieved.

为解决目前严峻的环境问题，我国初步建立了环境污染强制责任保险制度，承保范围作为制度 构建中需要重点关注的事项在实践中仍存诸多疑难问题与争议。在保险对象的选择中，对渐进性污 染事故责任是否属于保险对象的范畴模棱两可，有悖于制度目的。在具体承保事项上，虽然将生态 环境损害纳入事项范围内，但在公私法责任问题上界定不明，相关制度配套规范标准仍待厘清；将 精神损害赔偿排除在承保范围外，难以实现制度价值。

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze occupational accident compensation insurance coverage and occupational accidents incidence for special-type delivery workers. Methods: The data for occupational accident compensation insurance coverage and occupational accidents from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed through descriptive statistics. Results: Rates of occupational accident compensation insurance coverage of special-type delivery workers decreased gradually from 43.4% in 2012 to 28.5% in 2016, and 29.0% in 2017. Rates of occupational illnesses death per ten thousand workers increased gradually from 2.1? in 2013 to 3.1? in 2016, and 8.6? in 2017. All occupational illness deaths were due to cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. Road traffic accidents and slips accounted for the largest proportion of occupational accidents. Conclusion: Special-type delivery workers have a high risk of industrial accidents, so it is necessary to raise industrial accident insurance coverage and provide professional and systematic occupational safety and health services.

본 연구는 최근에 이루어진‘건강보험 보장성 확대’정책의 효과를 개인의 의료이용 및 건강수준을 중심으로 평가하였다. 2005년부터 시행된 건강보험 보장성 확대 정책은 암 등 의 중증질환자에 대한 본인부담 경감, 입원환자 식대의 급여전환, 비급여항목의 급여전환, 본인부담상한제 시행 등을 주요 내용으로 한다. 이러한 정책 변화에 대해 만성질환을 보유하고 있어 의료욕구가 일반적으로 높은 제도의 주요 수혜집단에 비해 급성질환 등으로 의료서비스를 이용한 집단의 입원이용이 상대적으로 증가한 것과 제도의 직접적인 수혜집단인 중증질환자 집단의 입원이용이 상당 정도 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 또한 이러한 건강보험제도의 변화가 입원이용에서 혜택을 누린 중증질환자의 단기간의 건강평가지표인 2주간이환경험 면에서 긍정적인 개선을 이끌어내고 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 건강보험제도가 의료이용 및 건강수준에 인과적인 효과를 나타내고 있음을 확인하였고, 이후 건강보험보장성 확대의 정책설계에 대한 정책적 함의를 제공한다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between health insurance and health by evaluating the impacts of health insurance coverage expansion on health care utilization and health status. To analyze the causal relationship between health insurance and health, this study employed a “difference-in-difference method” that could compare changes in health care utilization and health status across groups in health insurance coverage expansion in 2005. The researcher predicted that the expansion of health insurance coverage would be an exogenous source of variation in the prices of health service use. First, the difference-in-differences estimator between ‘illness group’ and ‘non-illness group’ revealed that the increase in coverage of inpatient care services would result from the increases in the stay of length of ‘non-illness group’ rather than that of ‘illness group’. However, the difference-in-differences estimator between ‘serious illness group’ and ‘chronic illness group’ identified that the policy change that focuses on expansion of the coverage for ‘serious illness’ effects on the increases in health care utilization and promotion of health status. In summary, the changes of health insurance coverage focusing on serious illness and inpatient care have positive effects on health care utilization and health status of serious illness group. But, ‘non-illness groups’ with acute illness receive more benefits from the policy change than ‘illness group’ with chronic illness.

국토교통부 주거실태조사 결과에 의하면 우리나라 거주유형 중 아파트와 같은 공동주택이 이미 절반을 넘었으며 앞으로도 계속 더 늘어날 것으로 예측된다. 공동주택에서는 여러 사고가 발생할 수 있는데, 건물의 배관 파손에 의한 누수로 아래층에 피해를 주는 경우가 많다. 그런데 공동주택을 임대한 경우 임대인과 임차인 중 누가 수리비를 부담해야 할 것인지를 두고 다툼이 많이 발생하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 그러한 임대차관계에 따라 손해배상책임의 주체가 누구인지, 손해배상의 범위 는 어디까지 인지에 대하여 다루었다. 또 누수 사고는 우리 생활과 밀접하게 관련이 있고, 주변 에서 자주 발생하는 사고이므로 이를 담보하는 보험상품들이 판매되고 있는데 이런 보험상품에 서 보험회사의 담보책임 유무 및 책임의 범위 등을 살펴보았다. 개인이 거주하는 주택(아파트, 다세대주택 등)은 ‘일상(가족)생활배상책임보험'을 가입하고, 개인주택이 아닌 영업장이나 업무 용 빌딩 등은 '시설소유관리자배상책임보험'을 가입한다. 누수 사고가 발생하면 누수 원인을 탐 지하고, 누수 지점을 수리한 후 아래층의 피해를 복구하는 절차로 수리를 진행한다. 복구 관련 수리비는 누수 지점 수리비와 아래층 피해 세대의 수리비가 발생한다. 아래층의 피해는 제3자에 대한 배상이므로 원상복구가 기준이 된다. 이와 달리 피보험자 자택의 수리비는 보상과 관련하 여 많은 이견이 있고, 보험사마다 보상기준을 달리했었는데 2013년 06월 15일 금융감독원 분쟁 조정위원회에서 누수 지점의 수리비를 원인 제거 비용으로 보아 손해방지비용으로 인정하였다. 법원판결로는 대법원판결은 아직 없고 각 지방법원마다 결론이 다른 판결들이 나오고 있다. 2018년 서울남부지법에서는 누수 지점 수리비를 손해방지비용으로 판결하였고, 2019년 광주지법과 서울동부지법은 손해방지비용이 아니라고 판결하였다. 그리고 2020년 07월 08일, 금융감독 원 분쟁조정위원회의는 피보험자 자택 누수 지점의 수리비를 손해방지비용의 일환으로 지급해 야 함을 재확인하였다. 보험금의 지급은 보험료의 상승과 연계되어 있으므로 합리적인 지급기준이 있어야 한다. 누 수 지점인 피보험자 자택의 수리는 자기 주택의 노후화로 인한 보수와 구분이 어렵다. 또 상법상 손해방지경감의무는 보험사고가 발생한 이후 생겨나는 의무이므로 그 성격상 자기 주택의 누수 지점의 수리 비용은 손해방지비용에 포함될 수 없으며 법에서 손해방지경감의무를 인정한 취지 와도 거리가 멀다. 최근 건축자재의 고급화 등으로 누수 사고의 수리비가 점차 고액화되어가고 있으며, 누수 지점의 수리비가 피해 세대의 피해액보다도 더 많이 발생하는 예도 많다. 이러한 면에서 원인 제거 비용을 손해방지비용으로 인정하는 것이 취지에 맞는지 사고사례를 기준으로 하여 의견과 함께 약관 개정 방안을 제시하였다. 또 그런 부분까지 위험 담보를 하려면 위험을 세분화하여 ‘위험 동질성의 원칙’이나 ‘보험계약자 등의 평등대우의 원칙’에도 부합하도록 별도 의 특약을 개발하여 활용할 것을 제안하였다. 이 연구를 계기로 우리 주변에서 많이 발생하는 누수 사고와 관련하여 보험약관의 올바른 해석과 합리적인 보상기준이 정립되기를 기대한다.

According to the results of the housing situation survey by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, more than half of the housing types in Korea, such as apartments, have already been built, and it is expected that the number of housing will continue to increase in the future. Multiple accidents can occur in multi-unit dwellings, and in many cases, damage to the lower floors is caused by leaks caused by pipe damage in buildings. By the way, in the case of renting an apartment building, many disputes arise over who is responsible for the cost of repairs between the lessor and the lessee. In this paper, we have been discussed who is responsible for damages according to such a rental relationship, and how far is the scope of compensation. In addition, since leakage accidents are closely related to our lives and occur frequently in our surroundings, insurance products that cover them are sold. For who lives in residential housing (apartments, multi-family houses, etc.) are allowed to subscribe ‘daily (family) life liability insurance’, and for stores or business buildings other than private homes, are applicable for ‘Premised & Operations Liability’. When accident of water leakage occurs, the cause of the leakage is detected and the leakage points are repaired, and finally restoring the damage on the lower floor. Repair costs for restoration include the repair cost of the leak point and the repair cost of the damaged household. Damaged household is applicable for a third party liability, so restoration of original state is the standard. Contrary to this, there were many disagreement regarding the compensation for the repair cost of the insured's home, and each insurance company had different compensation standards. On June 15, 2013, the Financial Supervisory Service Dispute Mediation Committee recognized the repair cost of the leak point as the cost of removing the cause and judged it as ‘expenses for fulfilling the Duty to Prevent Loss’. There has not been a Supreme Court decision yet, and each district court has different conclusions about ‘expenses for fulfilling the Duty to Prevent Loss’. In 2018, the Seoul Southern District Court ruled that the cost of repairing the leaking point as ‘sue and labor charges’, and in 2019, the Gwang-ju District Court and the Seoul Eastern District Court ruled that it was not ‘sue and labor charges’. And on July 08, 2020, the Financial Supervisory Service's Dispute Mediation Committee reconfirmed that the repair cost of the insured's home leak point should be paid as ‘Duty to Prevent Loss’. Since the payment of insurance money is linked to an increase in insurance premiums, there must be a reasonable payment standard. It is difficult to distinguish the reason of repairing points whether it is caused by deterioration or due to leakage of water. In addition, since the duty to reduce damage to prevent damage under the Commercial Act is an obligation that arises after an insurance accident occurs, the cost of repairing a leak point in one's house cannot be included in the cost of damage prevention due to the nature of the log, and it is far from the purpose of acknowledging the duty to reduce damage prevention in the law. Due to the recent advancement of building materials, etc., the repair cost of a leak accident is gradually increasing, and there are many cases where the repair cost at the leak point is higher than the damaged household. In this regard, I wrote opinions based on accident cases whether the ‘Expense for Fulfilling the Duty to Prevent Loss’ can be recognized as the repair cost of the leak point. In addition, in order to guarantee risk to such a level, it is proposed to develop and utilize a special contract terms to subdivide risks and comply with the ‘principle of risk homogeneity’ or the ‘principle of equal treatment of policyholders’. It is expected that the correct interpretation of insurance terms and conditions and reasonable compensation standards will be established in relation to leakage accidents that occur frequently around us.

연구의목적은해적위험과해상보험보상과의관계및공동해손성립에관한관계를포괄적으로 분석하는것이다.이를통해서해적위험을해상보험으로어떻게담보할수있는지에관한대응이 가능할것이다. 해적위험에의한손해는표준적인일반해상보험약관으로는보호받을수없다. 이에따라해적위험에의한선박이나화물의파손또는멸실이발생할때그러한손해를보험사로 부터전손이나분손으로보상받기위해서는전쟁약관으로부보하여야하는상황이다.해적위험을 해상보험으로담보할때문제가되는것은해적위험을어떻게해석하느냐는것이다.특히공해상 에서발생한해상강탈활동을해적위험으로인정하는국제규칙과특정국영해에서발생한해상강 탈활동도해적위험으로정의해야한다는피보험자간인식의차이가있다.현재해적위험은해적이 선박을나포하여억류한후선주와몸값협상을통해합의된몸값지불후억류된선박을풀어주는 형태로진행되고있다.이과정에서몸값과협상기간비용이발생하게된다.이때지불된몸값과 협상기간비용은경우에따라손해방지비용및공동해손비용으로인정받을수있다.또한해적위 험하에있는보험목적물을구조한경우에는구조비로정산받을수있다.최근첨예하게논쟁이 이루어진협상기간비용과관련하여최근영국대법원은협상기간비용을공동해손으로인정하는 판결을하였으나어느국가에서판결하느냐에따라논란은계속될수있을것이다.그이유는협상 기간비용과관련하여실무적으로대다수공동해손정산인은영국대법원과다른의견을가지고있 어서영국대법원의YAR규칙F에대한해석을무시할수도있을것이다.또한협상기간비용을 공동해손으로인정하는관행이정착되더라도그러한협상기간비용의인정범위와관련한논쟁이 지속될수있을것으로보인다. 해적위험이선박에대한단독피해인경우에는해적에게지불된 몸값은손해방지비용으로간주된다.또한구조비의경우에는정산과정에대한논란에도불구하고 공동해손으로 정산된다.

This study aims to identify how maine insurance could cover piracy risks occasioned by worldwide pirate activities. Unfortunately now ITC-hulls or ICC(A) doesn’t cover piracy risks. To cover the risks shipowner or cargo interests should insureWar risks. In current shipping climate, the pirates are usuallywilling to release ship and cargo on payment of a reasonable ransom. When a ransomis paid by one party for the release of a vesselwithcargo seized by pirates, the expense is a subject of general average contribution by other parties. Some expense is naturally occurred during the negotiation period. The ransomare usually falling into general average in the adjustment of marine insurance. but with regard to negotiation period expense, in practice average adjusters had previously deemed such expense as not being amatter requiring a general average contribution even if it was agreed that the final negotiated-down ransom itself was allowable in general average. Recently England Supreme Court addressed that negotiation period expense was allowable in general average. But I think that following the Supreme Court decision, it is strongly arguable that negotiation period expense is allowable to general average in each different law regime.

본 연구는 의료소비자를 대상으로 실시되고 있는 치과건강보험급여화의 인식도를 조사하여 미래 치석제거 국민들 의 구강건강향상을 위해 치과건강보험급여가 확대되고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 연 1회 치석제거급여 연령에 대한 적절성 여 부는 나이와 교육수준에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), 연 1회 치석제거 급여횟수에 대한 적절성 여부는 결혼여부, 지역 (구), 자가구강건강인지에서 유의하였으며(p<0.05), 연 1회 치석제거 급여수가에 대한 적절성 여부에서는 하루잇솔질총횟수 가 통계적으로 유의하였다(p<0.05). 결국 연령이 증가하면서 나타나는 치주질환의 증가로 국가 차원에서의 건강보험급여 항목이 추가되어야 하며, 본 연구결과에서와 같이 치석제거 건강보험급여화는 연령, 횟수, 수가부분에서 더욱 확대 되어야 하며, 향후 치과건강보험 급여정책 향상을 위한 노력은 국민의 구강건강을 위해 계속되어야 한다.

The purpose of the study is to investigate dental health insurance coverage the awareness and dental health insurance coverage extension to scaling in service consumers. There were significant differences according to education level, age on the appropriateness of the age of yearly scaling benefit, and to married, regions, self-oral health of the frequency of yearly scaling benefit, who their teeth brushed frequence a day on the appropriateness of the fee of yearly scaling benefit. It implies that should be added to the coverage list national health insurance every age group after increasing periodontal disease. It is to be more extension as to age, frequency and fee health insurance coverage of scaling, the effort to improve dental health insurance coverage policy must be continue for oral health in the future.

이 논문은 2005년 시행된 암 보장성 강화정책이 의료이용과 건강성과에 미친 효과를 분석하였다. 건강보험 보장성 확대가 모든 질환에 대해 동일하게 이루어지지 않았다는 사실에 착안하여 이중차분 분석을 수행함으로써 정책의 순수한 효과를 추정하고자 시도하였다. 보장성 강화정책의 대상은 아니지만 중증질환인 간질환을 암 상병의 대조군으로 설정하고 의료이용에 미친 효과를 분석한 결과는 보장성 강화정책이 사회⋅경제적 인구 특성에 관계없이 암 환자들의 의료이용을 증가시키는 역할을 했을 가능성을 시사한다. 보장성 확대로 인한 의료이용 증가가 최종적인 건강성과를 개선시켰는지에 대한 연구 결과는 사회⋅경제적 인구 특성에 따라 상이했다.

This study analyzes the effects of the health insurance coverage expansion for cancer on health care utilization and health outcomes. Noting that the coverage expansion was not applied equally across all diseases, I employ the DID method using liver disease as a control group. The results indicate that the coverage expansion for cancer significantly increased health care utilization among cancer patients compared to liver disease patients. Importantly, the coverage expansion alleviated patients’ economic burden regardless of their age and income. However, the downstream impact of this improved health care utilization on probability of death differed depending on age and income.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate current criteria for insurance coverage by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) on the systemic therapy used in the treatment of advanced or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), by reviewing all available clinical evidences including a variety of clinical practice guidelines. Methods:We searched clinical databases and collected data from published phase 1 through 3 randomized clinical trials on all systemic therapies used in RCC, including novel targeted therapies. Additionally, current clinical practice guidelines on the management of kidney cancer or RCC were reviewed. Based on the collected data we evaluated the appropriateness of the HIRA criteria for insurance coverage on the systemic therapy of RCC whether they are evidence-based and up to date. Results: On the basis of the collected data we concluded that there was a need for a revision in HIRA criteria for systemic therapy of RCC. Despite recent emerging therapeutic advances and changes in therapeutic strategies of management of RCC, some of anticancer regimens were inappropriately listed even though they were not proven to provide efficacy or safety superior to those of other therapies. We thus proposed an updated recommendation based on current clinical evidences. Conclusion: Systemic therapy of RCC is being rapidly changed with the advancement of understanding of the molecular biology of cancer. Consequently newly developed targeted therapies are becoming the standard therapy in the management of medically or surgically unresectable advanced or metastatic RCC. To provide effective and safe therapy to patients with RCC, the criteria for insurance coverage should be made carefully taking into consideration of most up-todate and high-quality clinical evidences, and should be continuously reviewed so as to reflect evidence-based clinical practice.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess appropriateness of current standard for insurance coverage by Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service (HIRA) on chemotherapy used in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), by reviewing a variety of clinical evidences, and thereby, if needed, to propose an updated evidence-based recommendations. Methods: We collected data from HIRA regarding on the insurance standard which includes the scope and conditions for coverage on systemic chemotherapy of NSCLC. We performed a search for clinical databases and examined the most current clinical evidence from clinical literature including various clinical practice guidelines. Based on the collected data the appropriateness of HIRA standard for insurance coverage of chemotherapy of NSCLC was assessed. Results: Collected data demonstrated that HIRA standard did not reflect the most current clinical practice and evidence. Some were inappropriately listed in HIRA formulary and accepted as a chemotherapy being covered by insurance, despite the lack of evidences of clinical efficacy or superiority over other chemotherapeutic agents or regimens. In addition, there seems to be a need for a modification on the standard for insurance coverage of certain newer chemotherapeutic agents based on the current accumulated data showing their clinical efficacy and benefits in the selected group of NSCLC patients. Therefore, we concluded that current HIRA standard for insurance coverage on chemotherapy of NSCLC needs to be revised and we proposed an updated recommendation based on these latest clinical evidences. Conclusion: The standard for insurance coverage of chemotherapy should be continually examined its appropriateness based on the most recent clinical evidences in a timely manner so as to provide the most effective and safe therapy to cancer patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the recognition of dental technician's about including denture into the coverage of the national health insurance. Methods: This study carried out self-administered questionnaire survey from June 10, 2012 to June 20 by having research subjects as 230 dental technician. Except 22 copies with incomplete response, 208 copies were used as the materials of final analysis. Results: The recognition of dental technician on the national health insurance of denture was 48%, but there was a low recognition on the details. The rates of dental technician who approved of the inclusion of denture into the coverage of the health insurance respectively stood at 59%. Conclusion: The coverage of the health insurance should be extended to dental medicine in a manner to satisfy dental technicians, dental service providers and receivers. Also, further studies for the extending coverage of the details are needed.

이 글은 한국 사회보장제도의 핵심적 문제점인 비정규직의 사회보험 사각지대 규모와 실태에 대한 기존의 논의를 재검토하는 것이다. 첫째 비정규직의 범주를 어떻게 잡느냐에 따라 비정규직의 사회보험 가입률이 상이하게 나타난다. 정부와 민간 학자의 비정규직의 정의가 상이하고 이로 인해 전체 임금근로자의 19% 정도 차이가 발생한다. 따라서 어느 기준을 사용하는가에 따라 비정규직의 사회보험 사각지대 규모는 달라진다. 둘째, 기존 연구들은 비정규직이 사회보험에서 배제되는 비율을 60%-70%로 잡고 있으나 이는 지역가입자로 가입하는 비정규직의 비율을 제외한 수치이다. 지역가입자로 연금이나 의료보험에 가입하는 비정규직을 포함하면 비정규직의 사회보험 가입률은 알려진 것 보다 상당히 높다. 셋째, 본 연구는 비정규직의 사회보험 사각지대의 개관만 보여주는 기존 연구에서 더 나아가 기업규모별와 성별로 사각지대 규모가 상당한 차이가 나고 있으며, 동시에 비정규직의 형태별로도 그 규모에 상당한 차이가 있음을 밝힐 것이다. 이것은 비정규직의 사회보험 제외에 대한 대책이 기업규모별로 그리고 근로형태별로 차별적으로 적용되어야 한다는 것을 의미한다. 마지막으로 이러한 '사실'에 근거하여 기존의 비정규직 사회보험 대책의 한계를 평가하고 보험료에 대한 국고지원 등 베버리지식 원리가 가미된 제도적 개편이 필요함을 논의한다.

This paper reexamines the size and the actual states of exclusion from social insurance coverage of non-standard employment in Korea. First, by investigating the different definitions of non-standard employments between the Korean government and civilian scholars, this paper shows that the size of non-standard workers' exclusion from major social security schemes could be varied. Secondly, this paper argues that if we calculate the numbers of non-standard workers who voluntarily participate in pension and health insurances as regional participants, the scope of non-standard workers who are excluded from the social security schemes would be smaller than conventional statistics suggests. Thirdly, it will be suggested that the exclusion of non-standard workers has a deep relation with the size of company they work. Finally this paper will suggest that to combat with the exclusion problems of non-standard workers, it is necessary to change the basic logic of the Korean social security system from Bismarckian to Beveridgian principles.

최근 코로나19팬데믹과 전쟁, 4차산업혁명으로 경제 및 노동시장 환경이 급속도로 변하면서 고용보험의 적용대상에서 제외된 사람들이 늘어나게 되었고 이들에 대한 보호가 시급한 사회적 현안으로 부상하 게 되었다. 예컨대 새로이 등장한 특수고용직노동종사자, 플랫폼노동 종사자, 예술인, 1인 자영업자, 초단시간근로자 및 프리랜서 등이 실 직의 위험에 노출된 노동취약계층이다. 이들의 상당수가 제도에서 배 제되거나 충분한 보호를 받지 못하여 가장 큰 고통을 당하고 있다. 1 차적 실업자의 사회안전망이라고 할 수 있는 고용보험가입대상 확대와 제도개선이 필요하다. 또한, 실업급여의 부당수급과 도덕적 해이가 도를 넘어 사회문제로 대두되면서 ‘시럽급여’57)라는 용어를 사용하면서 전면적인 제도의 개 정을 촉구하는 여론이 대두되고 있다. 그만큼 실업급여를 타는 것이 쉽고 이를 교묘하게 이용하여 부당하게 수급하는 것을 비꼬아 부르는 말이다. 이런 현상은 실업급여가 최저임금보다 많아 실업자들의 취업 요인이 적어 오히려 일부 실업자들은 취업과 실업을 반복하여 제도의 허점을 이용하고 있다. 이 논문에서는 고용보험 가입실태와 문제제기, 현행 법령의 내용 및 문제점을 살펴본다. 이어서 현행 실업급여제도의 개선방안을 강구하여 제도적 사각지대에 대한 확대와 도덕적해이에 따른 부정수급을 방지하 여 정부의 재정부담을 최소화하면서 실업급여가 실직자의 실질적인 소 득보장이 될 수 있는 방안을 모색해 본다.

Recently, as the economic and labor market environment rapidly changed due to COVID-19, the war, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the number of people excluded from employment insurance has increased, and protection for them has emerged as an urgent social issue. For example, newly emerged special employment workers, platform workers, artists, self-employed people, ultra-short-term workers, and freelancers are the labor vulnerable groups exposed to the risk of unemployment. Many of them are suffering the most from being excluded from the system or not receiving sufficient protection. It is necessary to expand the coverage of employment insurance, which is the primary social safety net of the unemployed, and to improve the system. In addition, as the unfair demand of unemployment benefits and moral hazard have become a social problem beyond the limit, "sirup benefits" Using the term, public opinion calling for a full-scale revision of the system is emerging. As such, it is easy to receive unemployment benefits and it is a sarcastic term to use it skillfully to unfairly supply and demand. This phenomenon is that unemployment benefits are higher than the minimum wage, so there are fewer employment factors for the unemployed, so some unemployed people take advantage of the loopholes of the system by repeating employment and unemployment. In this paper, we look at the current status of employment insurance subscription, raising problems, and the contents and problems of current laws. Next, by devising measures to improve the current unemployment benefit system, we will seek ways to minimize the government's financial burden by preventing the expansion of institutional blind spots and illegal supply and demand due to moral hazard, and to ensure that unemployment benefits can be a real income guarantee for the unemployed.

This survey was compared and analyzed using a questionnaire to survey 385 in Busan․Kyungnam province, South Korea. It was conducted from August 1, through August 30, 2010. Attending pediatric dentistry and kindergarten children based caregivers to target, perception of Parents on Pit & Fissure Sealant and its National Health Insurance Coverage. The data was analyzed using the SPSS WIN 18.0 program. The following conclusion were reached. 1. General characteristics women 254(66%), men 131(34%) of the women was higher than that of men. Age In the ages 6 and 14 years old with children 30s 191(49.6%), housewife 169(43.9%) was the most. 2. Whether the permanent teeth eruption, according to general characteristics women 154(40%), in age 40s 156(40.5%), housewife in the profession 103(26.8%), number of children for two 170(44.2%) was the highest. 3. Experience the presence of your child's dental visit, according to gender, occupation visit did have men 121(31.4%), women 248(64.4%), housewife in the profession 165(42.9%) was the highest. 4. Experience the presence of your child's dental visit, according to gender, occupation have regular check-ups in age women 147(38.2%), housewife in the profession 100(26.0%) was the highest. 5. Health insurance coverage to the fact Linealized rates of about Pit & Fissure Sealent, is well survey do not know, as well know is, in gender men-no 97(25.2%) women 155(40.3%), in age 40s 128(33.2%) was the highest. housewife in the profession 104(27%), number of children for two 148(38.4%), Health insurance coverage to the fact Linealized rates of about Pit & Fissure Sealent do not know the fact that the perception was. 6. Health insurance in accordance with the general characteristics in the target age, Age In the ages 6 and 14 years old with children 30s 81(21%) women 107(27.8%) housewife in the profession 73(19%), number of children for two 102(26.5%) was the highest. 7. Health insurance in accordance with the general characteristics in the target tooth, in gender women 85(22.1%), in age 40s 65(16.9%), housewife in the profession 59(15.3%), number of children for two 85(22.1%) first molars from the highest. See more results. of health insurance coverage recognized standards Pit & Fissure Sealent most of the participants in the survey do not know were. Utilizing the mass media at the national level, sustained by a public service announcement. Offers better health benefits to maintain a healthy oral health.

Objectives: The study aimed to compare the periodontal tissue status in middle-aged and elderly people before and after scaling health insurance coverage, using data from the 2013 and 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Methods: Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY, USA). A total of 5,109 people were included in the study, including 2,593 persons from 2013 and 2,516 from 2018, whose insurance was scaled according to the following age groups: 40～64 years and 65 years or older. Results: The factors affecting the periodontal tissue status of the middle-aged and the elderly from the time when insurance began to cover tartar removal (a method of preventing and treating periodontal disease) differed significantly after five years. Conclusions: It is necessary to establish measures to improve access to oral health education for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases in the middle-aged and elderly population.

본 연구는 살인사건을 다룬 한국 언론 보도에서 젠더 규범이 어떻게 반영되는지를 분석하였다. 특히 가해자와 피해자가 부부 관계이며, 경제적 이득을 목적으로 계획된 범죄라는 특성을 지닌 ‘배우자 보험살인’에 주목하였는데, 이러한 특성은 전통적 성역할과 젠더 규범이 강하게 작동할 수 있는 맥락을 제공하기 때문이다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 헤드라인 및 보도 내용에서 여성 범죄자에 대한 비난이 모성 규범 및 가족 내 성역할과 관련하여 어떻게 구성되는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 최근 10년간 발생한 여성범죄자의 배우자 보험살인 사건 4건을 선정하고, 이에 대한 신문기사 1,194건을 대상으로 내용분석을 실시하였다. 또한 유사한 남성 범죄자 사건 3건을 선정하여 보조적으로 분석에 포함하였다. 분석 결과, 여성 범죄자는 법률 위반자인 동시에 젠더 규범을 위반한 존재로 재현되었으며, ‘현모양처’나 ‘모성성’의 기대를 저버린 도덕적 일탈자로 구성되었다. 언론은 여성 범죄자의 외도, 위장 결혼, 소비 행태, 남편에 대한 기만 등을 상세히 보도하며 그들을 ‘사회적 질서를 해체하는 존재’로 의미화하였고, 이러한 묘사는 피해자 남편의 성실성과 대비되며 도덕적 비난을 정당화하는 수단으로 작동하였다.이처럼 언론 보도는 사건 전달을 넘어, 젠더 규범을 재생산하고 위반자에 대한 응징을 정당화하는 담론적 장치로 기능하며 가부장제 사회가 여성에게 기대하는 성역할에 대한 순응을 강화하는 통제 메커니즘으로 작동하고 있었다. 본 연구는 배우자 보험살인사건에 대한 언론 보도를 통해 젠더 규범 위반자로서의 여성 범죄자가 어떻게 도덕적으로 비난받는지를 경험적으로 입증하였으며, 여성의 범죄가 법률 위반과 함께 젠더 규범 위반으로 이중 비난받는 구조 속에 놓여 있다는 점을 드러냈다. 또한 본 연구는 한국 언론의 범죄 보도에서 범죄자의 성별이 기사 서술과 레토릭에 영향 미친다는 점을 규명했다는 의의를 가진다.

This article examines the reflection of gender norms in South Korean media coverage of homicide cases. It focuses on “spousal insurance murders,” which refer to premeditated homicides committed for financial gain within marital relationships. The study explores the ways in which traditional gender roles shape media narratives. Specifically, it investigates how female offenders are represented in relation to violations of maternity norms and gender roles within families. A total of 1,194 newspaper articles published over the past decade, covering four such cases involving female offenders, were analyzed. Additionally, three comparable cases involving male offenders were studied as secondary references. The findings reveal that female offenders are portrayed not only as law breakers but also as moral deviants who betray social expectations of being a “good housewife.” The media highlights behaviors such as extramarital affairs, sham marriages, and excessive spending to frame these women as threats to social order. These portrayals serve as discursive tools that justify moral condemnation and reinforce patriarchal gender norms. This study empirically demonstrates that female offenders are subjected to dual stigmatization, both as criminals and as violators of gender norms, therebyhighlighting how offender’s gender influences media rhetoric in crime reporting.