Earticle

경찰관의 체력과 무도능력은 범인 체포 등의 경찰 업무능력과 사회질서, 시민의 안전은 물론 자신의 신변을 보호하고 나아가 삶의 질을 향상시키는데 필수 요소이기 때문에 무도 훈련의 중요성은 매우 크다. 본 연구는 경찰무도인 8주간의 유도훈련 운동프로그램이 경찰 전공 남자대학생들의 신체구성, 체력 및 면역기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 파악하여 경 찰무도로써 유도의 가치를 규명하고 유용한 자료를 제공하기 위해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻 었다. 유도훈련 후 신체구성의 제지방량과 체력의 악력, 유연성, 순발력 등은 유의하게 증 가하였으며, 면역기능의 호중구는 유의하게 증가하였고, 호산구는 유의하게 감소한 것으 로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 유도훈련은 남자 대학생들의 제지방량, 근력, 유연성, 순발력 증가 등 체력을 증진 시켜 비만 방지뿐만 아니라 각종 신체 질병 예방에도 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다. 또한 면역기능인 백혈구 아형에 있어 감염과 급성 염증 반응 에서 제일 먼저 반응하는 호중구의 적절한 증가는 외부에서 침입한 바이러스, 박테리아 등을 효율적으로 제거하여 면역기능에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 유도훈련은 향후 범죄현장과 각종 치안현장에서 국민들에게 더욱 안정된 치안서비스를 제 공해 경찰업무 능력을 높여 줄 것이며, 경찰관들에게 있어 돌발적인 상황에 효과적으로 대처할 수 있는 능력을 배양할 뿐만 아니라 건강 증진에도 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

The importance of martial arts training is very important because the physical strength and martial arts ability of police officers are essential elements to protect their own personal affairs and improve the quality of life as well as police work ability, social order, citizen safety such as arresting criminals. This study investigates how the 8-week judo training exercise program for police martial arts influences the body composition, physical strength, and immune function of male university students majoring in police, to identify the value of judo as a police martial arts, and to provide useful data. I got a conclusion. After judo training, the amount of lean body composition, grip strength, flexibility, and power of physical fitness were significantly increased, and neutrophils of immune function were significantly increased, and eosinophils were significantly decreased. Taking the above results together, judo training is thought to help male university students not only prevent obesity but also prevent various physical diseases by improving physical fitness such as increasing lean mass, muscle strength, flexibility, and power. In addition, in the leukocyte subtype, which is an immune function, an appropriate increase in neutrophils, which responds first to infection and acute inflammatory reactions, is thought to have a positive effect on immune function by efficiently removing viruses and bacteria that invade from outside. In conclusion, judo training will provide more stable security services to the public in future crime scenes and various security sites to enhance police work capabilities, and not only cultivate the ability of police officers to effectively cope with unexpected situations, but also improve health.

비정상적인 척추 질환 및 기능은 단순한 근·골격계 문제 외에도 항상성을 방해하고 직·간접적인 생리적 부작용을 일 으킬 수 있다. 특히 척추를 통해 나오는 신경이 면역체계를 조절하는 기관에 적절한 신호를 전달하지 못하면 면역 기능의 일 부 또는 전부에 문제가 생겨 더 많은 질병에 노출될 수 있다. 이 연구는 기본적인 해부학 및 생리학적 지식에 초점을 맞추고 척추 기능이 잠재적으로 면역 기능을 유지하거나 개선하는 데 도움이 될 수 있는 잠재적 메커니즘을 고찰하고자 한다. 이를 위해 조혈, 스트레스, 호흡, 척추와 신경의 관계, 면역체계와 관련된 척추의 역할을 살펴보고 이러한 역할이 면역기능에 영향 을 미칠 수 있음을 확인한다.

Abnormal spinal disease and function, in addition to simple musculoskeletal problems, can disrupt homeostasis and cause direct and indirect physiological side effects. Part or all of the immune function can be compromised, exposing you to more disease, especially if the nerves running through your spine do not deliver the proper signals to the organs that regulate your immune system. This study focuses on basic anatomic and physiological knowledge and seeks to consider potential mechanisms by which spinal function may potentially help maintain or improve immune function. To this end, we examine the roles of the spine in relation to hematopoiesis, stress, respiration, spine-nerve relationships, and the immune system, and confirm that these roles may influence immune function.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different weight reduction methods on the body composition characteristics, cardiopulmonary functions, and health promotion of elite bodybuilding athletes in a comprehensive manner. For this purpose, the study ana-lyzed the effects of two different weight reduction methods on 25 elite bodybuilding athletes registered at the Bodybuilding Association over a period of 6 weeks. There were interactive effects on macronutrients, macrominerals, and antioxidants according to weight reduction meth-ods as the experiment group (6%±2%) maintained a certain amount of food intakes across various nutrients including energy intakes or made a slow decrease it, whereas the traditional group (16%±4%) made a sharp decrease in it due to relatively greater weight reduction than the experiment group and thus showed pattern differences from it. As for immunity variables, there was an increase to certain cytokines despite the traditional high weight reduction method, but it caused no exces-sive reduction of immunity or rapid decrease to certain factors of body composition. In addition, there were no significant differences in main and interactive effects on the one-repetition maximum of bench press and squat, which are two functional indicators of health promotion. These findings imply that the low weight reduction method within the range of 6%±2% minimized or maintained changes to muscle circum-ference or mass while causing no improvement to muscular strength.

The role of plasma glutamine concentration and glutamine supplemen-tation on immunosuppression was investigated in combat athletes. Twenty-three male athletes were randomly assigned to receive gluta-mine (21 g/day, n=12) or placebo (ovalbumin, n=11) for 10 days. Six athletes who did not lose weight served as controls. Athletes were as-sessed 21 days before (-21d), 1 day before (-1d) and 5 days after (+5d) a competition. Weight reduction was similar between glutamine (-8.2%± 4.1%) and placebo (-8.5%±2.4%) and negligible in control (-0.6%±1.4%). In both weight-loss groups, the majority of athletes reported symptoms of upper respiratory symptoms, as assessed by the Wisconsin upper respiratory symptom survey questionnaire. Only two athletes reported symptoms in the control group. Immune cell function remained un-changed throughout the study except for an increase in neutrophil phagocytic activity (placebo: -21d=5,251±2,986; -1d=17,428±22,374; +5d=21,125±21,934; glutamine: -21d=6,096±3,549; -1d=11,029±17,113; +5d=28,186±21,032 FI) and a minor change in monocyte phagocytic activity (placebo: -21d=4,421±3,634; -1d=3,329±6,283; +5d=3,243± 2,553; glutamine: -21d=4,051±3,186; -1d=3,106±2,625; +5d=4,981± 4,598) in both glutamine and placebo after weight loss. Plasma gluta-mine and cortisol remained unchanged across the study. creatine ki-nase levels were increased in placebo (-21d=125.2±54.1; -1d=187.2± 73.5; +5d=111.3±59.1 U/L) but not in glutamine (-21d=136.2±58.2; -1d= 168.8±65.0; +5d=129.7±64.0 U/L). Rapid weight loss increased the fre-quency and severity of infection symptoms, but this was neither associ-ated with plasma glutamine depletion nor counteracted by glutamine supplementation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic and resistance on visceral fat, health-related fitness, endotoxin and immune function in menopause women with abdominal obesity. Subjects were consisted of menopause women with abdominal(visceral fat volume/subcutaneous fat volume > 0.4) obesity and the combined exercise program conducted 90 minutes, 3 times a week for 12 weeks. The results of this study were as follow: The changes of abdominal fat between the groups at baseline and after 12 weeks. There were significant decrease in visceral fat volume and visceral fat volume/subcutaneous fat volume ratio in exercise group. Also, in abdominal fat, visceral fat volume(p<.01), V/S(p<.001) had a statistically significant. The changes of health-related fitness between the groups at baseline and after 12 weeks. There were significant decrease in %body fat and significant increase in grip strength, push-up and VO2max(ml/kg/min) in exercise group. Also, in health-related fitness, %body fat(p<.05), grip strength(p<.05), push-up(p<.05), VO2max(ml/kg/min)(p<.01) had a statistically significant. The changes of serum lipid and TNF-α and CRP between the groups at baseline and after 12 weeks. There were significant increase in HDL-C and significant decrease TNF-α and CRP in exercise group. In serum lipid and TNF-α and CRP, HDL-C(p<.01), TNF-α(p<.05) and CRP(p<.05), had a statistically significant. The changes of immune function and CD14 and endotoxin between the groups at baseline and after 12 weeks. There were significant decrease in CD14, endotoxin and significant increase in IgA in exercise group. In immune function and CD14 and endotoxin, CD14(p<.05), endotoxin(p<.01), IgA(p<.01) had a statistically significant. As a result of this, combined exercise program prevent abdominal obesity and metabolic disease which have positive influences on the improvement of health-related fitness and immune function in menopause women with abdominal obesity by reducing not only visceral fat volume but endotoxin.

This study aims to identify the effects of exercise type on estrogen, tu-mor markers, immune function, antioxidant function, and physical fit-ness in postmenopausal obese women. The subjects were 30 post-menopausal obese women with body fat percentage higher than 30%. Participants were divided into aerobic exercise group (n=10; age, 53.70±3.37 years), resistance exercise group (n=10; age, 52.20±2.15 years), and control group (n=10; age, 52.50±2.68 years). Estrogen and growth hormone showed no significant difference in the aerobic exer-cise group, resistance exercise group, and control group. Tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein was increased in the aerobic exercise, resistance ex-ercise, and control groups (P<0.01). The metabolic syndrome risk factor was decreased in the aerobic and resistance exercise groups, which was shown by the reduction of weight (P<0.001), body fat percentage (P<0.001), waist circumference (P<0.05), and increase of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P<0.001). natural killer cell activity was in-creased in the aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, and control group (P<0.001). Oxidative stress was decreased in the aerobic exercise group, resistance exercise group, and control group (P<0.001). Maximum oxygen uptake was increased in the aerobic and resistance exercise groups, but aerobic exercise was more effective (P<0.05). Knee isokinetic extensor muscle was increased in both the aerobic and resistance exercise groups (P<0.001). Aerobic and resistance exercise of postmenopausal obese women can be considered an effective inter-vention program to prevent metabolic syndrome and improve physical fitness.

본 연구는 여성노인의 라인댄스 프로그램 참여에 따른 면역기능 및 염증변화의 특징을 규명하고자 수행되었다. 이를 위해, Y시에 거주하고 있는 60-70세 여성노인 18명을 선정하였으며, 12주간 라인댄스 프로그램에 참여한 운동군 9명과 동일한 기간 특별한 신체활동에 참여하지 않고 일상적인 생활을 해온 통제군 9명의 두 집단으로 무작위 선정하여 분류하였다. 대상자들의 면역기능 및 염증을 측정하여 자료를 수집하였으며, 자료분석은 SPSS 24.0을 이용하여 평균과 이원변량분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 면역글로블린인 IgA은 증가하였으나 유의한 증가를 보이지 않았고 IgG(p<.05), IgM(p<.05)은 라인댄스 운동군에서 유의한 증가가 있었으나 통제군에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 염증지표인 CRP(p<.05)은 라인댄스 운동군에서 유의하게 감소하였고, 통제군에서는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 따라서 규칙적인 라인댄스 프로그램은 여성노인의 면역 향상 및 염증 감소에 매우 효과적인 운동프로그램이라 할 수 있으며, 염증을 감소시키고 면역 기능 개선에 도움을 줄 수 있음을 보여주는 결과로, 향후 여성노인들의 건강유지와 만성질환 예방을 위해 적극적인 신체활 동 프로그램 개발과 중재의 필요성을 시사한다.

This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of immune function and inflammatory changes for elderly women, by having them to participate in line dance program. For this purpose, 18 elderly women in their 60s to 70s, living in Y city were selected, and 9 of the participants were randomly assigned to participate in the line dance program for 12-weeks (line dance exercise group), while the other 9 participants were assigned to carry out their daily lives without participating in certain physical activity (control group) for the same period. The subjects’ immune function and inflammation were measured using SPSS 24.0 for datafication, and the average and two-way ANOVA analysis were conducted. The result indicates the immunoglobulin, IgA, has increased, but not dramatically. The level of IgG(p<.05), and IgM(p<.05) increase were detected from the line dance exercise group, but not so much from the control group. Inflammation indicator, the CRP(p<.05), were significantly reduced from the line dance exercise group, but not much for the control group. According to the collected data, line dance for the elderly women can be considered as an effective exercise program, and the result shows that inflammation is reduced and immune function is improved. It also implies the needs of active physical activity arbitration to keep the elderly women’s health and to prevent the chronic disease in the future.

Aim: Several mechanisms have been proposed as an explanation for the protective action of the physical activity against cancer. Experimental evidences have been suggested, but until now, no particular mechanism has been shown to prevent cancer and increase immune function. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of physical activity on changes in immune function of survivors from colorectal cancer. Materials and Methods: The participants were 6 women, aged between 47 and 59 years, who were recruited from Seoul Song-Do Hospital. All participants were participated in physical activity program 80 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 6.67 ± 3.98 months. Survivors performed 10 minutes of warm-up, 60 minutes of work-out which consisted with aerobic exercise (40 min) and resistance exercise (20 min), and 10 minutes of cool-down. The intensity of physical activity was set 40 to 70% of maximal heart rate. Although the intensity, duration and frequency of physical activity was the same in absolute value, the activity period was different. The reason for the difference in the period of physical activity was that the survivors participated in different periods. This study investigated the changes of CBC, innate immunity related to NK-cell and percentage, adaptive immunity related to T-cell and percentage, and adaptive immunity related to immune suppression. Based on the results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the non-parametric Mann Whitney U test was used to examine the differences of variables within times. The significance was established at P ≤ .05. Results: The 1st section analyzed the CBC which composed of WBC, number and percent of lymphocyte, and number and percent of neutrophil. Following analysis, the number of lymphocyte was significantly increased (Z=-1.992; P=0.046) after physical activity intervention. The 2nd section analyzed the innate immunity related to NK-cell and percentage which composed of NLR, CD3-CD56 NK cell (total NK cell), NKG2D+NK cell, KIR2DL3+NK cell and NKT. There were no significantly different. The 3rd section analyzed the adaptive immunity related to T-cell and percentage which composed of CD3+T cell (total T cell), CD3+CD4+T cell (Helper T cell), CD3+CD8+T cell (Cytotoxic T cell), CD4/CD8 ratio, Th1, Th2, and Th1/Th2 ratio. Following physical activity intervention, the number of Th2 (Z=-2.201; P=0.028) was significantly decreased. The last section analyzed the adaptive immunity related to NK-cell and percentage which composed of CD4+CD25+T cell, CD4+CTLA+4+T cell, CD4+PD1+T cell, CD8+PD1+T cell, CD8+TIGIT+T cell, MDSCs and cytotoxicity. Following physical activity intervention, the number and percentage of CD8+PD1+T cell were significantly decreased (Z=-2.201; P=0.028; Z=-1.992; P=0.046), whereas, the CD8+TIGIT+T cell (Z=-1.992; P=0.046) and cytotoxicity (Z=-1.992; P=0.046) were significantly increased. Conclusion: This study found out that there were some significant changes in adaptive immune function. In other words, this study confirmed that the regular physical activity affected to the adaptive immune function of colorectal cancer survivors.

This study was conducted on elite bodybuilders for 6 weeks using two weight loss methods (traditional method=high-weight loss vs. new method=low-weight loss). The subjects of this study were 26 male ac-tive elite bodybuilders who voluntarily wanted to participate in this ex-periment, and were divided into experimental group and traditional group. The traditional and experimental groups underwent dietary re-strictions and training for 6 weeks. The conclusion obtained from the results of this study is that in the case of anthropometric variables, there is a difference in weight class between the two groups. The ex-perimental group’s upper arm circumference was maintained com-pared to the pre-measured value after post-measurement, while the traditional group decreased, and a significant interaction effect was observed. In particular, a significant interaction effect was observed. In that the absolute value of maximum oxygen intake was significantly in-creased only in the post-experimental group compared to the pretest, and an interaction effect was observed, the use of low-weight loss method is more effective than the traditional method of high-weight loss method. An increase in some cytokines was observed despite tradition-al weight loss, but it did not cause an excessive decrease in immunity or a sharp decrease in performance factors. As a result of this experi-ment, it is judged that the use of a low-weight loss method is more pref-erable than the traditional high-weight loss method in relation to perfor-mance variables.

The interferon-induced GTP-binding protein Mx is responsible for a specific antiviral state against a broad spectrum of viral infections that are induced by type-I interferons (IFN α/β) in different vertebrates. In this study, the Mx gene was isolated from the constructed mullet cDNA database. Structural features of mullet Mx (MuMx) were analyzed using different in-silico tools. The pairwise comparison revealed that the MuMx sequence was related to Stegastes partitus Mx with an 83.7% sequence identity, whereas MuMx was clustered into the teleost category in the phylogentic analysis. Sequence alignment showed that the dynamin-type guanine nucleotide- binding domain (G_DYNAMIN_2), central interactive domain (CID), and GTPase effector domain (GED) were conserved among Mx counterparts. The transcriptional expression of MuMx was the highest in blood cells from unchallenged fish. The temporal mRNA profile showed that MuMx expression was significantly elevated in all tissues, including blood, spleen, head kidney, liver, and gills after the injection of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) at many time points. Moreover, MuMx expression increased slightly, in the blood, spleen, and head kidney at a few time points after the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Lactococcus garvieae (L. garvieae). Results of the subcellular localization analysis confirmed that the MuMx protein was highly expressed in the cytoplasm. The analysis of the gene expression of the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) under conditions of MuMx overexpression confirmed the significant inhibition of viral transcripts. The cell viability (MTT) assay and VHSV titer quantification with the presence of MuMx indicated a significant reduction in virus replication. Collectively, these findings suggest that Mx is a specific immune-related gene that elicits crucial antiviral functions against viral antigens in the mullet fish.

The stratum corneum, the skin's outermost layer, protects against dehydration and infection, but injury from various stressors compromises its barrier function. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the safety of purified water (PW) from filtration systems on skin health and its systemic effects on skin barrier integrity and immune function by evaluating skin conditions on the head, back, and lower back of SKH-1 mice. Seventy-seven female SKH-1 mice were randomly divided into 11 groups (n = 7). Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions were induced by the use of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the lower back, followed by four weeks of daily topical treatments with different aqueous solutions (tap water, PW, low and high doses of Staphylococcus aureus, iron, and chlorine). Furthermore, skin condition was assessed by skin barrier scores on the head, back, and lower back, histopathological analyses, and weekly hair counts. Oxidative stress (OS) and immune response were assessed by measuring serum reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO), catalase activity, IgE, histamine, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL- 6, IL-10, and IL-12). Our results demonstrated that skin barrier scores were consistently stable across all experimental groups, with no detectable toxic effects of PW on skin barrier function in either the head or back regions. In addition, histopathological data showed no significant abnormal skin reactions on the head and back in the PW-treated group as compared to the DNCB control group. Furthermore, the PW-treated group exhibited lower levels of ROS and NO, with no significant differences in catalase activity, indicating that the PW treatment did not increase OS levels. While IgE and histamine levels were slightly higher in the PW-treated group compared to the normal control, no significant differences were found among the other experimental groups, suggesting that PW does not aggravate an excessive immune response. Additionally, cytokine profiles (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12) remained unaffected and were often lower than those in the DNCB control group, further confirming the safety of PW on skin barrier. Overall, our findings demonstrate that filtered PW offers microbiological safety without inducing skin inflammation or OS; however, more additional mechanistic in vivo and clinical studies are necessary to fully elucidate its mechanisms of action.

Peroxidasin is a unique member of peroxidase family in that it has extracellular matrix (ECM) motif as well as peroxidase activity. Peroxidasins are involved in consolidation the extracellular matrix during development and in innate immune defense. C. elegans has two functional peroxidasins, PXN-1 and PXN-2, and PXN-2 is known to contribute to innate immune system. However, it is not clear of PXN-1 function in innate immune system. Therefore, this study is focused on the function of PXN-1 and the relationship between PXN-1 and PXN-2 in innate defense system in C. elegans. When pxn-1 was knocked down by RNAi, the worm turned to be more resistant to pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the enhanced resistance was abolished in pxn-1pxn-2 double knock down. By contrast, pxn-2 knock down showed stronger susceptibility to the pathogens. These results suggest that pxn-2 can contribute the pathogen resistance and pxn-1 can suppress the pathogen resistance. To confirm the idea, overexpression experiments were performed. Overexpression of pxn-1 showed more susceptible to pathogens compared to the control and double overexpression of pxn-1pxn-2 overcame the susceptibility of pxn-1 overexpression to the pathogens. On the other hand, pxn-2 overexpression made the worm more resistant to the pathogens and the resistance was maintained in pxn-1pxn-2 double overexpression. The comparison of the susceptibilities to the bacterial pathogens in above mentioned constructs suggests that PXN-1 suppress the function of PXN-2 in defense against bacterial pathogens in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Purpose: The study was done to examine the development and effects of horticulture therapy on quality of sleep and immune function in patients in hospice units. Methods: The participants in this study were hospice patients in D hospital in D city. Thirty hospice patients were assigned to the experimental group, thirty to the control group. Data were collected from April 29 to July 26, 2009. The horticulture therapy program consisted of indoor and outdoor horticultural activities. The horticulture therapy was conducted for 30 minutes, 6 times a week for 3 weeks (a total 18 times). Measures were quality of sleep, and immune function by serum T-cell, NK-cell count. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test with SPSS/WIN 13.0 version. Results: Patients in the experimental group receiving horticulture therapy had a significant difference in changes in the quality of sleep compared to the control group. There were also a significant difference in changes in the immune function (serum T cell and serum NK cell) between the experimental group and control group. Conclusion: The study results indicate that horticulture therapy developed for hospice patients is an effective, palliative intervention program to improve the quality of sleep and immune function of hospice patients.

본 연구는 유방암 환자의 삶의 질을 향상시키기 위해 통합적 집단치료 프로그램을 개발하고 유방암 환자 30명을 대상으로 그 효과를 검증한 것이다. 본 프로그램은 문제해결기술 훈련과 인지적 재구조화, 명상호흡법을 통한 이완 훈련, 즐거움을 주는 활동 증진 등 인지행동적 치료요소가 근간을 이루며, 이와 함께 감정 표현 및 수용 촉진, 집단원 간 지지의 활용 등 지지-표현적 요소, 자녀관계 및 부부관계의 개선 등 대인관계적 요소를 포함하고 있다. 이 프로그램이 유방암 환자들의 삶의 질을 향상시키고 정서적 고통을 완화하며 면역기능을 증진하는 효과를 가져오는 지를 자기보고식 검사와 혈액검사를 통해 검증하였다. 국립암센터 유방암센터의 환자들을 대상으로 하였으며 2004년 3월∼2005년 3월까지 총 4 집단에게 본 프로그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램은 주 1회, 120분씩, 총 12회기로 진행되었다. 통제집단에는 총 23명이 포함되었는데, 대기자 집단과 순수통제집단이 섞여 있다. 연구자료는 치료 전과 치료 후, 치료 종결 3개월 후, 6개월 후 등 총 4회에 걸쳐 수집되었다. 연구결과를 보면, 본 프로그램에 참여한 유방암 환자들은 통제집단에 비해 전반적인 건강 및 삶의 질에 대한 평가, 암과 관련된 기능, 유방암과 관련된 기능이 유의하게 향상되었고 암과 관련된 증상, 유방암과 관련된 증상은 유의하게 감소하였다. 또한 치료집단에서 우울과 불안, 적대감, 대인민감성 등 부정적 정서가 유의하게 감소하였다. 치료집단에서 통제집단에 비해 림프구와 Natural Killer Cell의 비율이 유의하게 증가하는 등 면역기능과 관련된 생리적 지표에서도 긍정적인 변화가 나타났다. 이러한 효과는 치료 후 3개월, 6개월 추수 검사에서도 대부분 유지되었다. 이러한 결과에 대한 논의와 더불어 본 연구의 임상적 의의와 제한점, 후속 연구의 방향에 대해 제시하였다.

This study was performed to develop a new and integrated group psychotherapy based on the existing research results on psycho-social intervention programs for improving the quality of life of breast cancer patients, and to verify the efficacy of the program. 30 breast cancer patients participated in this integrated group psychotherapy and 23 control group members are also included in this study. The major contents of this program are composed of cognitive-behavioral therapeutic factors, supportive-expressive factors, and interpersonal relationship improvement factors. We implemented this program to breast cancer patients who are treated at the National Cancer Center in Ilsan, from March, 2004 to March, 2005. One treatment session continues for 120 minutes and it is performed during total 12 weeks. The purpose of this study is to validate if this group psychotherapy program results in the improvement of quality of life, decrease of emotional distress and improvement of the immune function for the breast cancer patients. And we would like to know if the therapeutic effects continues for some long period. The main results of this study are as follows. First, therapy group members demonstrated significant improvement of quality of life, decrease of negative emotions such as interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, and improvement of immune function compared with control group members. Second, most of these effects continued until 6 months after the termination of the program. And there are very small differences in the control group between pre-test, post-test, and follow-up tests. In summary, we can conclude that this integrated group psychotherapy for the breast cancer patients is effective to improve quality of life, to decrease negative emotion and to increase the immune function for the breast cancer patients for some long period.

본 연구는 운동이 면역기능에 미치는 생리학적 영향을 선천·후천면역, 점막면역, 염증·산화스트레스 경로, 장-면 역-뇌 축을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 선행연구에 따르면 규칙적인 중등도 운동은 교감신경·HPA축 반응과 근유래 마이오카 인 분비를 통해 NK세포와 CD8⁺ T세포 동원, 타액 IgA 및 혈청 IgG·IgM 증가, 항염 사이토카인 유도 등 면역 항상성 강화 효과를 보인다. 반면 고강도·장시간 운동이나 회복 부족은 일시적 림프구 감소, 점막 IgA 저하, 염증성 사이토카인 증가와 함께 감염 취약성을 높일 수 있다. 또한 운동 형태와 강도, 환경(실내·산림), 대상자 특성(고혈압·비만·암 환자·노인 등)에 따라 면역반응의 방향이 다르게 나타났다. 종합하면 적절한 강도의 지속적 신체활동은 대사·염증 조절과 면역노화 완화에 기여하며, 백신 반응 및 감염 후 회복을 돕는 비약물적 전략으로 유효함이 확인되었다.

This study examined the physiological effects of exercise on immune function, focusing on innate and adaptive immunity, mucosal immunity, inflammation and oxidative stress pathways, and the gut-immunity-brain axis. Previous studies have shown that regular moderate-intensity exercise enhances immune homeostasis through sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis responses and muscle-derived myokine secretion, mobilizing NK cells and CD8+ T cells, increasing salivary IgA and serum IgG/IgM, and inducing anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, high-intensity, prolonged exercise or insufficient recovery can increase susceptibility to infection by transiently decreasing lymphocytes, decreasing mucosal IgA, and increasing inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, the direction of immune responses varied depending on the type and intensity of exercise, the environment (indoors or in a forest), and the characteristics of the subjects (hypertension, obesity, cancer patients, elderly, etc.). In summary, moderate-intensity, continuous physical activity contributes to metabolic and inflammatory regulation and alleviates immune aging, and is an effective non-pharmacological strategy for promoting vaccine responses and post-infection recovery.

본 연구는 체지방율 30% 이상의 비만 여고생과 정상체중 여고생을 대상으로 16주간의 수영운동트레이닝 후 면 역세포의 변화, 혈중 염증물질 및 신체구성의 변화를 알아보기 위해 실시였다. 연구대상자들은 총 24명이었고, 이들을 2집단(비만집단 12명, 정상체중집단 12명)으로 구분하였다. 수영운동트레이닝은 주 3일, 1일 운동은 60분으로 총 16 주간 실시하였다. 연구결과, 비만 여고생의 총 백혈구 수가 16주 후에도 높은 수준을 유지하고 있는 것을 보였고, 정상체 중 여고생의 백혈구 수가 낮았다. 직접적으로 면역기능을 담당하는 T, B, NK cell에서는 16주 후에 비만 여고생보다 정상체중의 여고생들에 있어서 훨씬 높은 비율을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 혈중 염증반응물질인 hs-CRP와 Fibrinogen 수준은 감소하였으며, t-PA와 Adiponectin 수준은 수영운동트레이닝 후에 증가하였다. 그리고 비만 여고 생들의 16주간 수영운동트레이닝 후 체중과 체지방율이 유의하게 감소되었다.

The purpose of this study was to determined the effects of swimming exercise training on cellular immune function, blood inflammation and body compositions an above the 30% of body fat in obesity high school women. Twenty four female subjects were participated in this study, and divided into two groups(obese female, n=12; normal weight female, n=12). All subjects are trained using swimming training for 16 weeks. Swimming exercise program consisted of sessions 60 minutes in length 3 days per week. As results in this study, significantly higher total leukocyte in obese female was demonstrated after swimming training for 16 weeks. Significantly lower a lymphocyte, T cell, B cell, and NK cell in obese female were also after swimming training for 16 weeks. And there were significantly decreased the hs-CRP and fibrinogen levels for swimming exercise training after 16 weeks. However, t-PA and adiponectin levels were increased in both group after 16 weeks. And there was a change in body weight and significant differences in the body fat after swimming training for 16 weeks between the groups.

한국사회는 지금 경제 규모의 팽창, 인구의 도시집중, 전통적 가치관의 혼란 등 사회의 다변화로 인한 범죄의 흉폭화, 기능화, 전문화 현상으로 나타나고 있으며 이로 인한 시큐리티 업체에 대한 일반인들의 관심이 날로 증가하고 있다. 이로 인해 민간경비원들의 수요도 계속 증가되고 있으며, 또한 그에 따른 근무시간의 증가로 이어지고 있다. 이 연구는 민간 경비원들의 근무시간에 따른 피로수준과 면역기능을 비교 분석함으로써 민간 경비원들의 건강증진을 통해 민간경비 산업 발전에 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 서울, 경기지역 민간 경비원을 대상으로, 근무시간 40시간 미만, 40~50시간 그리고 50시간 이상의 세 집단으로 분류하여 일반피로와 면역기능을 비교 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 근무시간에 따른 일반피로는 근무시간이 많아질수록 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 근무시간에 따른 NK 세포의 함량은 근무시간이 많을수록 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 셋째, 근무시간에 따른 면역글로블린(Ig-G, Ig-A, Ig-M)의 농도는 근무시간이 많을수록 낮은 농도를 나타내었다. 이 연구 결과를 볼 때, 민간 경비원들의 일반피로 및 면역기능은 근무시간에 많은 영향을 받는다고 볼 수 있다. 결론적으로 민간 경비원의 피로를 감소와 건강증진을 위해서는 주당 근무시간을 줄여야 할 것이다.

The purpose of present study was to examine the effects of working time on fatigue and immune function in private security. The number of private guard on which this study has been conducted in 153, who work at large companies, medium or small companies and the like as located in Seoul and kyonggi. In this study blood T-lympocyte, Natural T-Killer cell and immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA and IgM) were measured to see the level of working hours. There was significant difference in Natural T-Killer cell and immunoglobulin(IgG, IgA and IgM) and fatigue between working hours(P<0.05). in view of the results of this study, it can be thought that fatigue and immune function is more affected by working hours In summary, these results are interpreted to mean that fatigue levels and immune function (Natural T-Killer cell, and immunoglobulin) decrease due to a rise in working hours.