Earticle

가상현실 콘텐츠는 ICT 기술의 발전과 5G의 고용량 전송, 빠른 속도의 네트워크 서비스가 상용화로 2019 년 빠른 성장을 하고 있다. 하지만 가상현실 콘텐츠의 사용성 평가에 대한 기준과 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 가상현실 콘텐츠를 사용하는 사용자의 반응과 상태를 측정 할 수 있는 객관성이 있는 데이터 에 관한 연구를 진행한다. 연구의 방법으로는 가상현실 게임 콘텐츠 사용자의 실시간 인체정보 수집 프로세 스를 설계하고의 변화를 비교·분석하였다. 이를 위해 인체정보 측정에 아이트래킹을 통한 시선 정보와 심박 수 데이터를 수집하고 분석하여 시각화 솔루션을 설계하고 프로토타입을 구현하였다. 가상현실 게임 콘텐츠 사용자 인체정보 데이터를 기반으로 한 사용성 평가에 대한 가이드를 제안한다. 향후연구로는 다양한 인체정 보 측정 및 프로토타입의 고도화에 있다.

Along with development of ICT and 5G and commercialization of high speed network service, virtual reality contents are growing rapidly at 2019. However, criteria for and research on evaluation of usability of virtual reality contents are unsatisfactory. This study is about objective data which allows us to measure reaction and condition of a virtual reality contents user. For research method, comparative analysis of process to collect information on physical condition of a virtual reality game contents user is conducted. For this, information on gaze and heart rate are collected and analyzed through eye tracking and visualization solution to be designed and prototype is implemented. This study proposes a guide to usability evaluation based on data for physical condition of a virtual reality game contents user. Further study is to measure various information on physical condition and sophisticating prototype.

Function Point(FP) is well spread and advanced methodology in software costing. But FP is not common in game contents costing. It is one reason that Game Contents is a new area in software costing. And, ISO/IEC FDIS 19761(final draft) recommends not to use FP method in game contents costing. So we suggested new methodology in that area which is called Game Factor Point Method(GFPM). In this paper, we studied more about the weight of the game factor. We hope this will clarify them. We made definition of game factor, and studied more detail about Mission which was a little ambiguous in prior study. We also studied difficulties of game factor which will be a very important factor in game contents costing.

게임 콘텐츠의 아이덴티티 구축으로 타 게임과의 차별성과 상품성을 높이기 위한 게임 요소를 고찰하고 각 요소를 이용한 아이덴티티 구축사례를 조사하여 게임 개발시 고려하여야 할 요소를 4가지로 시각요소, 청각요소, 내재요소 와 기타요소를 추출하였다.

This study looked into game elements that increases the value of the product and sets it apart from other games with the establishment of identity in game contents. Then, the cases of identity establishment that uses each element were examined. As a result, 4 elements including visual element, auditory element, intrinsic element, and other elements were extracted as elements to be considered when developing the game.

With Facebook renamed Meta in 2021, the VR industry has seen a new explosion. The development of artificial intelligence and 5G technology has also made VR game content more clearer and smoother. The problems of delay and Carton have been well solved. Sales of head-mounted displays have exploded. Therefore, it can be judged that AI technology has a positive impact on the VR game market. In order to investigate the quality of the game itself and service factors that affect customers' continuous use of VR games, we developed questionnaires to measure the perception and intention to use of users. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between VR game content and service quality factors and continuous intention to use. Four independent quality factors such as screen content reality, imagination, interaction, and security were extracted, from information system success model. The research model also adopted two mediating factors, i.e. immersion and satisfaction of customers. The structural model was built based on the extended technology acceptance model, and analyzed with empirical data from China users. Finally, we could suggest the influence of four independent variables on the dependent variable as well as the mediating effect of two mediating variables.

최근 가상현실 기술이 대중들에게 인기와 관심을 가지기 시작하면서 다양한 콘텐츠가 등장하고 있다. 특히 가상현실 디바이스를 활용한 가상현실 게임이 사용자와 시장에서 많은 관심을 받고 있으며 가상 현실 게임이 많이 개발되고 있는 추세이다. 가상현실 게임의 특징은 가상현실 디바이스를 통해 현존감 을 느끼며 몰입감을 극대화 시킬 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 장점을 활용하여 가상현실의 공간형 디스플레이 환경에서 디바이스의 인터페이스를 통해 여러 상호작용 아이템과의 상호작용을 할 수 있어 현존감 있는 경험이 가능하다. 이러한 특징을 극대화하여 사용자에게 보다 높은 몰입감과 흥 미를 발생 할 수 있는 방안을 연구 하고자 한다. 설계 방안을 제시하기에 앞서 대중화된 가상현실 게 임내의 상호작용 아이템과 인터페이스 설계방식을 분석하여 몰입감을 증대 시킬 수 있는 방안을 찾는 것이 본 연구에 목적이다. 연구에서 게임의 인터페이스와 상호작용 아이템간의 관계를 정리하였고 이 를 기반으로 가상현실 게임 사례를 들어 가상현실 게임 내의 아이템 인터페이스의 설계 방식을 비교 분석하는 연구를 진행하였다. 연구를 통해 보다 몰입감이 높은 가상현실 게임의 인터페이스 설계 방안 의 기반이 되는 선행연구가 될 것으로 기대한다.

As virtual reality technology has gained popularity from people, various contents have appeared. Virtual reality game making good use of virtual reality device has received lots of attention from users and market. A number of virtual reality games have been developed. Virtual reality game allows users to feel presence and flow to be maximized through virtual reality device. A user can interact with several items through interface of device in display environment of virtual reality. This study was find a way to arouse an interest and induce users to be immersed in virtual reality game by maximizing above mentioned characteristics. This study was analyze interaction items in popular virtual reality game and interface design methods before presenting design methods. This study was make a comparative analysis of interface design methods centering on virtual reality game cases and examine a link between interface and interaction items. Through this study, it is expected that this will be a prior study that will be the basis for designing interfaces for virtual reality games that are more presence

Recently Korea has shown continuous growth in game, character and animation contents industry. To keep this trend in the future, we need to nurture contents related human resources. One of the good methods to nurture those quality resources is to find potential resources in early times. To do this we need to know their potentiality. To evaluate such potentiality of these candidates, we performed short-term education and evaluated contents functional production capabilities of two groups such as 27 Grade 5 students from 17 schools and 5 Grade 6 students from 5 schools in Nowon-gu, Seoul. With the same evaluation methods, they showed 100 and 95 out of 100. In Contents functional production, two groups showed 4.29 and 3.96 respectively. Therefore, we can contribute contents industry and national competitiveness if we recruit and nurture them in early times.

Generally, manpower education/training courses and contents required for game industry is designed to operational tasks. This reflects that the structure of manpower in game industry becomes specialized. Because of the rapid changes in the game industries and in internal and external environment, most game industries require workers that can perform a variety of job types to create a business values. In this research, we consider major reports related to the education and training needed for workers in game industry and then conduct overall survey on satisfaction with the education/training courses and contents of study. The results from analysis on the current education/training courses and contents for manpower in game industry will help development of policies for designing systematic education/training courses and contents, and are expected to be used for future education and training for manpower for game industry.

Nowadays, many people enjoy playing games in computer. In this kind of game, people often meet NPC (Non Player Character). It is the virtual character in simplified form of real player and exits in most of current computer games. Various NPCs add the reality and atmosphere of the game as well as help players. There are several techniques to embody NPC, but developers generally use AI technique. This paper discusses some artificial intelligence techniques used in game contents. Especially this paper focuses on the AI techniques used in computer games in terms of the two main approaches, symbolic approach and sub-symbolic approach.

This research attempts to analyze brand placement in game. Brand placement, being acclaimed as a new beneficiary model in game industry, is raising important mean of advertising. For development of game industry, the interdisciplinary study between game and advertising is indispensible. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find creative types of brand placement in game for illuminating how advertising works in game contents. The results showed three types of brand placement in game. They are contextual type, prominent type and independent type. Contextual type is one where the brand is present within the game contents without being formally expressed: it plays a passive role. Prominent type is one where the brand is present within the game contents with being formally expressed: it plays an active role. Independent type is one where the brand is present within the game contents with being formally expressed but it is not related with the program: it plays an additional role. The research showed, among these three types, a prominent type is becoming mainstream of brand placement in game. In other words, the prominent type of brand placement is the most effective beneficial alternative in game industry.

This paper is on the premise that we need objective and measurable researches on quality evaluation of serious game for users' correct selection of games fitting for their purposes, for development of competitive high-quality game, and for stable growth of game industry. At first, we looked into various characteristics of serious game, read the present situation of game market, and proposed the necessity of quality evaluating model for serious game. To guarantee the objectivity of the proposed models, we compared and analyzed various proposals of standard model on the basis of international standard quality-evaluating model, ISO/IEC 9126 S/W. And so we extracted quality-evaluating items for serious game that composed of 8 evaluating areas and 25 sub-attributes, and presented quality-evaluating indices of each area. The proposed quality-evaluating model was added 2 areas and 8 sub-attributes to the international standard model, and the validity of the extracted items' was verified by expert group's questionnaire. Accordingly, we expect that this paper will increase game users' satisfaction, promote the development of high-quality games, and contribute to continuous growth in serious game market.

This paper proposes a policy on efficient load balancing that can reduce the network game server load burdened by surging number of users. The study adopted a contents-based clustering technique. Recently, skyrocketing number of clients in on-line games causes overloads on specific game servers, and the consequent server-instability brings the worst situation: a server failure. To cope with this problem, one can install more high-powered servers or be equipped with back-up servers, which is often inefficient in terms of cost performance. To solve this problem, the present study examined the technology enhancing the performance and efficiency of game servers by reducing the loads of specific game servers. In doing this, this study used the clustering technology to compose game servers classified by their contents and carried out appropriate load balancing to numerous clients with load balancers in each region.

본 연구는 A4용지 규격의 종이 도안에 플랫포머 게임의 콘텐츠를 작성하고, 작성된 게임 콘텐츠를 모바일 기기의 카메라를 통해 인식하여 디지털로 변환하여 게임을 즐길 수 있는 시스템을 구현하였다. 종이도안을 활용한 게임 콘텐츠는 실제 종이에 필기구를 이용하여 직접 게임 오브젝트를 그려 넣는 방식을 사용한다. 오 브젝트 디자인의 편의성을 높이기 위하여 핵심 게임 오브젝트의 패턴화하였고 의미가 있는 패턴들을 조합하 여 새로운 조합 패턴의 생성할 수 있도록 하였다. 또한 한 장의 종이 위에 그릴 수 있는 게임 화면의 크기가 제한적인 점을 보완하기 위하여, 제작한 게임 화면을 조합하여 게임의 여러 스테이지를 구성할 수 있는 기능 을 추가하였다. 종이 도안에 그려지는 게임의 오브젝트 이외의 게임 구성 요소들은 시스템 내부에서 추가할 수 있도록 하여 자유도 높은 콘텐츠 창작 제공하고 있다. 종이 도안을 통해 반복적으로 게임 콘텐츠를 제작 하고 이를 디지털로 변환하는 과정을 보완하기 위하여 시스템 내부에서도 게임 콘텐츠를 제작하고 수정하는 것이 가능하도록 하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 서비스모델은 아동에게 다소 어려울 수 있는 게임창작 과정 을 언플러그드 활동과 연동하여 손쉽게 디지털 게임 콘텐츠 창작의 경험을 제공하는 것이다. 이를 통해 아동 을 대상으로 한 전통적인 방식의 언플러그드 활동을 디지털 활동과 연동하여 창작 활동에 대한 동기를 부여 하고, 디지털 시대에 발맞춘 소프트웨어 리터러시를 함양할 수 있을 것이다.

We have developed a system that allows users to play the contents of a flat former game drawn on an A4 size paper on a mobile device. If game contents drawn in a paper drawing are recognized through a camera of the mobile device, the game contents can be converted into digital and enjoyed in a mobile application. The user directly draws a game object using a writing instrument in a paper drawing. In order to enhance the object design convenience, the core game object is patterned and a new combination pattern can be created by combining meaningful patterns. In addition, to complement the limited size of the map that can be drawn on one piece of paper, we added the ability to construct a stage by combining the maps. Game components other than the object of the game drawn in the paper drawing can be added inside the system, thereby providing a highly flexible content creation. In order to supplement the process of repetitively creating game contents through paper drawings and converting them to digital, we made it possible to create and modify game contents in the system. The service model proposed in this study is to provide the experience of digital game contents creation in conjunction with unplugged activities for children. In this way, it will be possible to motivate creative activities by linking traditional unplugged activities for children with digital activities, and cultivate software literacy that fits the digital age.

본 논문에서는 생성 모델로 색칠하기 게임에서 사용 가능하도록 임의의 선화와 원하는 컬러링 스타일을 입력하 면 자동으로 컬러링 영상을 생성하는 신경망 모델인 FillingGAN을 제안한다. 제안된 모델은 스타일 영상의 특징 을 추출하는 오토 인코더 구조의 모듈과 추출된 스타일 영상의 특징을 선화에 적용해서 이미지를 생성하는 GAN 모델로 구성된다. GAN 모델은 선화에서 추출된 구조와 스타일 영상에서 추출된 색 정보를 이용해서 채색 영상을 생성하는 과정을 수행하며, 이를 위해서 선화의 구조와 스타일 영상의 색 정보를 유지하는 손실 함수를 설계한다. 우리의 모델은 선화의 고유한 특징을 보존하며 스타일이 적용된 이미지를 생성한다.

In this paper, we contribute to the field of game by presenting FillingGAN, an automatic coloring framework using a generative adversarial network (GAN). FillingGAN is devised to generate a coloring image from a line drawing by filling empty regions between the lines in the line drawing image from the coloring styles learned from sample coloring images. Our model consists of two style extracting modules and a GAN model. The style extracting modules are designed as an auto-encoder that extracts feature from input images. One module extracts color styles from coloring sample images and the other extracts structure from a line drawing. FillingGAN executes coloring process by applying the coloring styles from coloring samples to a line drawing. It determines the similarity between the generated coloring image and the input line drawing, and calculate the perceptual loss to preserve the structural similarity. FillingGAN generates coloring images with preserved details by adjusting the weights between the structural feature vectors and the style feature vectors. As a result, it generates a stylized image without distorting the unique features of a line drawing. Our framework can be improved to apply various styles including artistic media strokes to line drawings.

본 연구는 노베르트 볼츠와 발터 벤야민의 이론을 중심으로 인터넷 방송에 대해 정의하고 인터넷 방송이 대 중적으로 발전 가능성이 높은 매체임을 인지하여 연구를 진행하였다. 현대시대 방송은 과거 텔레비전 방송에 서 종류가 늘어나 개인이 운영하는 인터넷 방송으로 개인화, 다양화 되었다. 본 연구역시 이점에 주목하여 인터넷 방송이 기존의 방송과 어떤 차이점이 있는지 분석하고 직접 체험 해보았다. 본 연구는 인터넷 방송의 발전은 사람들에게 삶의 재충전 기능과 활력소를 제공하고 공유함으로써 새로운 문화가 될 것이라고 보았다. 그 중 게임 컨텐츠는 젊은 세대는 물론 그 윗 세대인 40대, 50대에게도 어필할 수 있는, 세대를 어우르는 중 요 컨텐츠가 될 수 있다. 더 줄일 수 있다. 그리고 제안된 모델은 앞으로 다른 게임이나 스포츠 게임에도 적용될 것이다.

This study defines internet broadcasting centering on the theories of Norbert Boltz and Walter Benjamin and conducted research in recognition of the fact that internet broadcasting is a medium with high potential for development. Modern era broadcasting has been personalized and diversified from the past television broadcasting to the privately operated internet broadcasting. This study also focused on the advantages and analyzed the Internet broadcasting and how it differs from the existing broadcasting and experienced firsthand. This study found that the development of internet broadcasting will be a new culture by providing and sharing life recharge function and vitality. Among them, game contents may be important contents that harmonize generations that can appeal to younger generations as well as those in their 40s and 50s.

최근 인터넷 문화의 발달과 디지털 게임이 급속도로 발전하고 있다. 그에 따라 플랫폼의 변화도 일어나고 있으며 디지털 게임의 장르 또한 많이 세분화되며 남녀노소 즐길 수 있는 문화가 되었다. 그 중에서도 다중 이용자 온라인 롤플레잉 게임(Massive Multi-player Online Role Playing Game, MMORPG)이 크게 성장하며 이용자의 수가 급증하였다. 이 다중 이용자 온라인 롤플레잉 게임(MMORPG)은 수많은 사람들이 가상공간에 서 만나 함께 게임을 즐길 수 있는 장르로, 가상공간에서 소통 및 관계를 맺기에 최적이라는 특징을 갖고 있 다. 그러나 과거엔 콘텐츠적 특성이 폭력적, 선정성이 강해 남성 이용자들의 전유물이라는 경향이 강했으나 최근엔 여성 이용자들이 꾸준히 증가하고 있다. 이에 관한 여성 이용자들의 MMORPG 게임 콘텐츠에 대한 선호양상을 연구하고자 한다.

Recently, the development of Internet culture and digital games are rapidly developing. As a result, platform changes such as PC, video game and smartphone are taking place, and the genre of digital game has also been much subdivided and become a culture for men and women to enjoy. Among other things, multi-player online role-playing games (MMORPG) have grown significantly, and the number of users has skyrocketed. This multi-user online role-playing game (MMORPG) is the most familiar platform, PC platform, where millions of people can meet and play games together in virtual space, and it is best for communication and relationships, such as meeting each other in virtual space and fighting with each other and communicating with each other with a purpose of friendship. In the past, it used to be violent, sensational, meeting the needs of male users, and being the sole object of male users who looked at it from their perspective. Recently, however, the number of female users has steadily increased, with their own culture in MMORPG virtual space. Female users want to study female users' preference for MMORPG game content, which is mainly attributed to male users, regarding which content they prefer and what they want to gain by enjoying it.

최근 인터넷의 발달과 더불어 다양한 아케이드 게임이 네트워크를 통하여 제공되고 있으며, 누구나 쉽게 접할 수 있는 Grid Logic 게임의 경우 제공되는 퍼즐 이외에는 게임을 할 수 없다는 단점이 있다. 이를 개선하기 위하여 본 논문에서는 이용자의 이미지를 사용할 수 있는 Grid Logic 게임 콘텐츠를 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 영상처리의 전처리 단계인 임계치 결정방법을 제안하고, 제안 방법으로 구해진 이진 이미지에서 목표물을 검출하는 방법과 게임 데이터로 변환하는 방법을 제시하였으며, 게임을 완료한 시점에는 특정 형상으로 의미 전달이 가능하도록 하였다. 문자, 로고, 인물 등의 목표물을 포함하는 10종의 이미지에 제안 알고리즘을 적용하여 JAVA 애플릿으로 구현하고, 실험을 통하여 제안 방법이 Grid Logic 게임의 데이터 획득에 적합함을 보인다.

Recently, various kinds of arcade games are offered through the network with the internet's development. And for the Grid Logic game, it is opened up for everyone who uses the internet but it has a disadvantage that only the provided puzzles can be played. To improve this, in this paper, we developed a Grid Logic game contents using an image of user's as a puzzle. In order to do this, we suggested a threshold decision method, the pre-processing stage of image processing. We showed a method of detecting aim image from a binary image, showed up by the suggested way, and a method of changing into the game data and carrier of the meaning as a specific image at the end of the game are the objects of this paper. The suggested algorithm is constructed as a Java applet and applied to the 10 objects such as characters, logos, persons, etc. to show that this algorithm is suitable for the appropriate acquisition of the Grid Logic game data through the experiment.

청각장애인을 위한 청능 및 언어 훈련은 비장애인과 소통능력을 배양하는 기본적인 훈련이지만 동시에 부모나 지도교사의 경제적부담, 육체적 피로를 수반한다. 이를 해결하기 위해 웹기반의 청능 및 언어 훈련 콘텐츠가 계속해서 개발되어 왔다. 그러나 장애인의 청각상태 및 학습능력의 차이가 존재함에도 불구하고 이런 개인 차이를 고려하지 않은 채 개발되고 있다. 따라서 장애자의 상태와 잔존청력, 학습능력 및 훈련성취도를 정확히 평가하고 분석하여 장애자에게 적절한 훈련진도를 계획하는 것이 중요하다. 본 논문에서 청각장애자를 위해 개인평가에 따라 다양하게 청능 언어 훈련을 기획하고 관리해주는 청능 및 언어 훈련 서비스 모델을 제안한다. 또한 이 모델을 기반으로 하는 기능성 게임콘텐츠를 기획하는 설계방법을 제시한다.

Auditory and language train for the hearing-impaired is an essential course improving conversational capability with non-deaf and accompanying the financial burden and the physical fatigue of parents or a teacher. To reduce these problems, web-based training contents have been developed. But these contents have been developed without consideration of individual difference such as various levels of residual hearing and the learning capability of hearing-impaired. Therefore, it is important that appropriate training progress for each hearing-impaired should be designed by evaluating and analyzing the personal status, residual hearing, learning capability and training achievement. This paper suggests auditory and language training service model for the hearing-impaired, which is planning and managing an auditory and learning training based on personal evaluation. In addition, this paper suggests a design method for a serious game content planing based on this service model.

웹2.0시대에서 디지털 콘텐츠는 주요 문화주체로 부상되었고 디지털 콘텐츠 기술 산업은 그 범위나 부가가치가 확장되고 있다. 멀티미디어 영상세대에게 소비지향적인 콘텐츠의 무분별한 확산을 막고 콘텐츠 산업을 교육적 또는 산업적 문화적 측면으로 향상된 산업으로 부상시켜서 교육콘텐츠를 교육과 오락의 의미가 향상된 전략적 상품으로 특화시켜야 한다고 본다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 에듀 게임 콘텐츠가 소비자에게 어떻게 소통되고 있는지에 대한 사용자의 특성을 남성과 여성 집단으로 나누어 분석하였다. 효율적 학습을 위한 모바일 플랫폼 콘텐츠로 확보하기 위한 사용자변화에 따른 에듀 게임 활용을 통해 에듀 게임의 확장성을 위한 발전요인을 추출하여 에듀 게임 콘텐츠 개발 특성에 대한 방향성을 제시한다.

In the era of Web 2.0, the digital contents are becoming major cultural subjects and the scope and added value of digital content technology industry keep increasing. In order to prevent thoughtless expansion of consumption oriented contents to the multimedia motion picture generation and promote the contents industry in educational, industrial or cultural aspect, educational contents should be specialized as strategic products with increased educational and entertaining meaning. As a result, this study analyzed characteristics of users regarding how educational game contents are distributed to consumers by both male and female group. Then, it extracted development factors for expansion of educational games and presented direction to educational game contents development by using educational games according to changes in users in order to secure mobile flat form contents for effective learning.