Earticle

Lait caille is a traditional fermented milk product in Burkina Faso. The objective of this study was to contribute to consumer acceptance of lait caille . For this purpose, the production practices in rural and urban areas were identified through semi-structured interviews, while the perceived quality of lait caille in urban area was investigated through a survey. Then, microbiological and physico-chemical parameters were analysed on samples from rural and urban sites. Finally, an attempt to improve the hygiene of the traditional processing was proposed by use of Lactococcus lactis and Leuconostoc mesenteroides stains as starter. These were previously isolated from traditional lait caille . The results on the manufacturing processes revealed from the raw milk practices of spontaneous fermentation, backslopping and contact with bacterial biofilms attached to container. The survey on perceived quality indicated that traditional lait caille possessed a niche market which could be enlarged by implementation of good manufacturing practices in the production sites. The microbiota of the end product was characterised by high loads of Enterococcus spp., Enterobacteria and Pichia spp. Fermented milks by starter cultures showed improved hygienic quality and a positive sensory appreciation. However, the use of selected strains might be followed by loss of some features of traditional lait caille , which scientists should work to resolve.

When the ambient air pressure was 0.1 kg/cm , there were few spherically formed droplets, which showed very badly fragmented state. The average particle size of the particles constituting the droplet was about 40 nm. When the air pressure increased to 0.5 kg/cm 2 , the ratio of the spherical droplet forms increased, but still showed a state of severe disruption. The average particle size of the particles was reduced to about 35 nm. As the air pressure increased to 3 kg/cm 2 , the ratio of spherical droplet form significantly increased, the degree of fragmentation even further decreased and the average particle size decreased to 30 nm. When the air pressure increased from 0.1 to 1 kg/cm 2 , the XRD peak intensity showed little change, but the specific surface area was decreased. As the air pressure increased to 3 kg/cm 2 , the intensity of XRD peaks showed a little decrease, while the specific surface area increased.

본 연구는 사면회의에서 진행자가 미치는 영향이 매우 중요하다는 인식에서 시작하였으며, 향후 진행자 교육방법과 진행과정의 개선을 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상 지역인 인도네시아 메라피 화산은 세계에서 가장 활동적인 화산 중 하나로서 정상 분출구에서 종종 화산 쇄석암이 분출되며, 양질의 모래로서 평가 받아 건축자재로 활용되고 있다. 따라서 모래 채취사업이 급속도로 확산되었으며 지역에 경제적 이득을 제공한다. 그러나 한편으로 경제적 수익과 지역의 이해관계가 복잡하게 연루된 탓으로 채취 작업 활동에 대한 적절한 통제가 어려운 형편이다. 과도한 채취 작업으로 인하여 사방댐과 하천 기반시설들이 파괴됨으로서 자연재해가 일어날 경우 막대한 인명과 재산피해가 발생한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 가능한 비구조적인 방재수단을 정착시키고, 또한 모래 채취관리 능력을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 협동적인 역할이 필수적이고, 사면회의는 적용될 수 있는 대안이라고 할 수 있으며 워크숍에 유능한 회의진행자가 반드시 필요하다. 사례 연구에서는 7명의 사면회의 진행자를 선발하여 교육 후 3개 시범마을에서 사면회의를 실시한 뒤 그 결과를 분석하였다. 결론적으로 효과적인 방재 활동수단의 하나로서 지역주민들의 협력적인 팀워크와 통제를 적절하게 이끌어 내는 것이 중요하다고 할 수 있다.

Mt. Merapi of Indonesia is one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Lava dome collapse has often generated pyroclastic flows. A huge mount of pyroclastic material has sand of good quality and is popular as construction material. The sand mining has extended rapidly and become an important income source of rural areas. However, the sand mining activity is uncontrollable so far because of social problems such as complex right and interest. Improper sand mining causes serious damage to sabo facilities and the other river infrastructures. In order to cope with this problem, sand mining management system, which can be a part of non-structural disaster control measure, should be established as soon as possible. In order to improve the capacity for sand mining management at the local community level, collaborative action is necessary. The Yonmenkaigi system is one alternative that may be utilized. The Yomenkaigi System Method workshop needs facilitators to lead the process of workshop. Seven facilitator candidates had been selected to participate in the training program. After training, the Yonmenkaigi workshop conducted in three villages. The evaluation of facilitators were relatively affirmative effect to the participants, but facilitators need to lead control and collaborative team-work with participants.

In recent decades, some managerial researchers have focused on international new ventures, or as they are often called, Born globals(BGs). Knight et al.(2004) attribute the dramatic increase in global business activity and the flourishing of BGs to the emergence of advanced technologies and to the increase in global infrastructures. Innovation is critical in high-tech industries, where firms face greater uncertainty and competition for new product share. In the dynamic capabilities perspective, firms need to continuously build, integrate, and reconfigure their skills and abilities to adapt to their environment and sustain competitive advantage. The most important capabilities in the area of innovation are expoitation and exploration. This study investigates the role of innovative capabilities in the relevant but understudied context of Born Globals. This paper aimed to investigate the innovation process of Chinese Born Globals through the role of exploitative and explorative capabilities in two ways: 1) how exploitative and explorative capabilities are influenced by international entrepreneurial orientation and 2) how those capabilities affect international performance as the outcome of innovation.

Effect of nitrogen-load condition on hydrogen (H2) production and bacterial community in a continuous anaerobic hydrogen fermentation were investigated. The slight H2 production on extremely low nitrogen-load condition (C/N ratio: 180) at the start-up period. The highest H2 production was obtained when the C/N ratio was 36, the H2 production yield (mol-H2 / mol-glucose) reached to 1.7, and it was indicated that Clostridium pasteurianum mainly contributed to the H2 production. The H2 production was decreased on both the lower (C/N: 72) and higher (C/N: 18) nitrogen-load conditions. The excess nitrogen-load was not always suitable for the hydrogen production. The fluctuation of H2 production seemed to be caused by a change in the bacterial community according to the nitrogen-load condition, while a recovery of H2 productivity was possible by a control of nitrogen-load condition through the bacterial community change. When the nitrogen-load condition was not suitable for hydrogen production, the lactic acid concentration was increased and also lactic acid bacteria were definitely detected, which suggested that the competition between hydrogen fermentator and lactic acid producer was occurred. These results demonstrated that the nitrogen-load condition affect on the H2 productivity through the change of bacterial community in anaerobic hydrogen fermentation.

본 연구는 경상북도 포항시에 위치한 구룡포 공공하수처리장에서 염도가 하수처리공정, 특히 질산화 반응에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 구룡포 처리장은 외부 탄소원을 추가하지 않고 질소를 제거하는 DeHASS 공법을 적용하고 있으며, 이 공법은 먼저 질산화균을 통해 암모늄(NH₄⁺-N)을 아질산으로 산화한 후, 아나목스균을 이용해 암모늄과 아질산을 질소가스로 전환하는 방식이다. 겨울철에는 지역 수산물 가공 활동으로 인해 유입수의 염도가 증가하며, 이는 질산화균의 활성을 억제하고 처리 효율을 저하시키는 원인이 된다. 이에 따라 2019년부터 2023년까지의 수질 자료와 2024년 현장 시료를 바탕으로 각 처리 단계에서 NH₄⁺-N과 NO₃⁻-N 농도를 분석하고, 염도 수준별 처리 효율을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 염도가 5‰을 초과하면 질산화율이 60% 이하로 떨어졌으며, 염도가 9‰을 초과하면 50% 이하로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 고염수 유입이 예상되는 하수처리시설에서, 유입조의 충분한 체류시간 확보, 자동화된 염도 모니터링 시스템 도입, 내염성 미생물 활용 등의 대응 방안이 필요함을 시사한다.

This study analyzed the effect of salinity on wastewater treatment processes, particularly focusing on nitrification. The case study was conducted at the Guryongpo Wastewater Treatment Plant, which applies the DeHASS process. In this process, ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) is first oxidized to nitrite by nitrifying bacteria, and then ammonium and nitrite are converted into nitrogen gas by anammox bacteria. Based on water quality data from 2019 to 2023 and field samples collected in 2024, concentrations of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N at each treatment stage were analyzed, and treatment efficiency was evaluated according to salinity levels. The analysis revealed that when salinity exceeded 5‰, the nitrification rate decreased to below 60%, and when salinity exceeded 9‰, it fell to below 50%. These results suggest that wastewater treatment plants expecting high-salinity influent should implement countermeasures such as securing sufficient hydraulic retention time in the influent tank, introducing automated salinity monitoring systems, and utilizing halotolerant microorganisms.

작업집단의 다양성은 성과에 긍정적 또는 부정적 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 작업집단 다양성 변수 로 학교 전공 다양성(DIM, Diversity In school Majors)을 선택하였고 집단 성과로 프로세스 갈등을 선택하였다. 그리고 그룹 효능감에 따른 작업집단의 다양성과 프로세스 갈등 간의 관계를 조사하고자 하였다. 연구진은 이론적 토대로서 범주화-정교화 모형(CEM, Categorization-Elaboration Model )을 활용하였다. CEM 이론을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 학교 전공 다양성(DIM)의 수준이 높거나 낮을 때 프로세스 갈등이 강화될 가능 성을 제기하였다. 반대로 학교 전공 다양성이 적절한 수준인 경우 이를 제한하여 곡선적인 U자형 함수를 생성 할 것이라고 예상하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에 사용된 데이터는 한국 IT 업계 기업의 직원과 직속 상사로부터 수집되었다. 총 294명의 구성원으로 구성된 48개 팀의 샘플을 확보하였다. 분석결과 작업집단 DIM과 프로세스 갈등 사이에는 U자형 곡 선 관계가 나타나는 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 그룹 효능감이 작업집단 DIM과 프로세스 갈등 사이의 관계를 조 절한다는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 다양성과 갈등 연구에 학술적으로 기여하고자 하였다. 그리고 집단 효능감을 통해 직장 내 다양성을 관리할 때 고려해야 할 실무적 전략을 제안하였다. 또한 시나리오 예시를 통해 조직 내 다양성이 프로세스 갈등에 미치는 영향에 대한 보다 실질적인 이해를 제공하려 노력하였다.

Workgroup diversity may positively or negatively affect workgroup performance. In this paper, we choose diversity in school majors (DIM) as a basis of workgroup diversity and process conflict as an organizational outcome. And we examine the relationship between workgroup diversity and process conflict as moderated by group efficacy. We introduce the categorization-elaboration model (CEM) as the theoretical underpinning. Based on CEM theory, the present study examines the possibility that both high and low levels of diversity in school majors (DIM) enhance process conflict. In contrast, intermediate diversity in school majors (DIM) restricts it, resulting in a curvilinear U-shaped function. Data were collected from employees and their immediate supervisors of a Korean firm in the IT industry. We obtained a sample 48 teams with 294 members. This study reports a curvilinear relationship between workgroup DIM and process conflict. And it exhibits that group efficacy moderated the relationship between workgroup DIM and process conflict This study contributes to both the diversity and the conflict literature. And we suggest a practical strategy for managing diversity in the workplace, highlighting group efficacy. Through a scenario, we provided a more practical understanding of the impact of workgroup diversity on process conflict as workgroup performance.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the change of the local government leader affects the policy process. This research was performed based on empirical analysis through theoretical research and questionnaire survey. The main research results are as follows. First, the change of local government leaders has a profound effect on the policy process. Second, the more frequently the local government leader was changed, the more the government officials' policy changes appeared. Third, the change in policy due to the change of the local government leader was felt stronger as the official level of the official was higher and the education level of the official was higher. Fourth, the more frequent the change of local government leaders, the more cases of major policy changes.

본 연구는 ‘교육적 오락 프로그램(이하 E-E 프로그램)’에 대한 연구로, E-E 프로그램 시청동기와 프로그램에 등장하는 등장인물과 수용자의 관계, 즉 준사회적 상호작용(parasocial interaction), 수용자 관여도, 지각된 오락성/정보성 등의 관계를 통해 수용자 중심의 관점에서 E-E 프로그램의 효과과정을 실증적으로 검증해보고자 하였다. 먼저 ‘E-E 프로그램’의 시청동기는 4개(‘정보추구’, ‘감정적/정서적 만족’, ‘재미’, ‘시간보내기’)요인으로 나타났다. ‘E-E 프로그램’ 시청동기 구조요인과 준사회적 상호작용 관계를 분석한 결과, ‘정보추구’와 ‘감정/정서적 만족’요인과 같은 교육적 동기만이 ‘E-E 프로그램’ 등장인물에 대한 준사회적 상호작용에 영향을 미쳤고, ‘재미’나 ‘시간 보내기’와 같은 오락적 동기는 준사회적 상호작용에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 ‘E-E 프로그램’ 등장인물에 대한 준사회적 상호작용은 ‘E-E 프로그램’에 대한 서사적 관여도와 이슈적 관여도에 모두 영향을 미치지만, 인지적 차원의 이슈 관여도보다 정서적 차원의 서사적 관여도에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 수용자의 서사적 관여도와 이슈 관여도 모두 지각된 오락성과 지각된 정보성에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤는데, 서사적 관여도는 지각된 오락성에, 이슈 관여도는 지각된 정보성에 더 강한 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 마지막으로 지각된 오락성과 지각된 정보성은 행위의도에도 정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 지각된 오락성보다는 지각된 정보성이 행위의도에 더 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다.

This study examines the viewing motivations and effects of the entertainmenteducationprograms(E-E programs). There have been found four factors and 17 gratifications items of E-E programs through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis(pursuit of information, emotional/affective satisfaction, fun and passing time). Also analyzed in the study were relations between the finally confirmed structural factors of viewing motivation and parasocial interactions of E-E program. As a result, only educational gratifications such as “pursuit of information” and “emotional/affective satisfaction” had impacts on parasocial interactions for the characters of E-E programs. On the other hand, entertainment gratifiations such as fun and passing time had no impact on parasocial interactions. In addition, parasocial interactions with the characters of E-E programs influenced both narrative and issue involvement with those programs with more impacts on narrative involvement in the affective dimension than on issue involvement in the cognitive dimension. Audience involvement turned out to be closely related to the audience’ s perceptions of E-E programs. That is, both narrative and issue involvement had significant impacts on perceived entertainment and information with narrative involvement exerting stronger impacts on perceived entertainment, while issue involvement exerting stronger impacts on perceived information. Finally, perceived entertainment and information had positive impacts on behavioral intention with perceived information exerting more positive impacts on behavioral intention than perceived entertainment.

소비자들의 식생활 문화가 변함에 따라 가정간편식 시장이 성장하며 다양한 종류의 제품이 등장하고 있다. 따라서 서로 다른 조리과정을 가진 가정간편식이 소비자의 구매에 미치는 영향을 확인해야 할 필요성이 있다. 이에 본 연구는 가정간편식 패키지의 비교를 통해 소비자의 의사결정을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 가정간편식 패키지가 소비자에게 미치는 영향에 대한 이론적 함의를 확장하고, 식품 마케팅에 대한 실무적 시사점을 제공하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 가정간편식 유형에 따라 서로 다른 심적 시뮬레이션을 유발하는 패키지의 제품 사진이 소비자에게 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 또한 조리과정이 복잡한 가정간편식에서 과정 시뮬레이션이 구매의도에 미치는 영향에 대해, 만드는 과정을 통해 즐거움을 얻는 과정-즐거움의 매개효과를 확인하여 심리적 매커니즘을 검증하였다. 본 연구에서는 2(가정간편식 유형: 밀키트 vs. 레토르트) x 3(심적 시뮬레이션 유형 : 과정 vs. 결과 vs. 통제)의 참가자 간 설계로 실험을 진행하였다. 연구 결과, 밀키트에서는 과정 시뮬레이션 조건에서 나머지 두 조건보다 구매의도가 높게 나타났으며, 반대로 레토르트에서는 통제조건에서 나머지 두 조건보다 높은 구매의도가 나타나 가정간편식 유형과 심적 시뮬레이션의 상호작용이 나타났다. 또한 과정 시뮬레이션 조건이 과정-즐거움을 매개하여 구매의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤는데, 이는 밀키트에서만 나타나며 레토르트에서는 나타나지 않아 조절된 매개효과를 확인하였다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 소비자의 제작과정에 따라 패키지에 서로 다른 심적 시뮬레이션을 불러일으킬 수 있는 제품 사진을 사용해야 하며, 그 과정에서 소비자가 느끼는 즐거움의 심리적 기제를 확인하였다는 점에서 연구자들과 마케팅 실무자들에게 의의가 있을 것으로 기대한다.

As consumer’s lifestyle culture changes and the home meal replacement market grows, various types of home meal replacement that are distinguished by the cooking process are emerging. Therefore, this study confirmed consumer decision making through the comparison of home meal replacement packages. This study examines the effect of product photography of packages that activate different mental simulations according to the type of home meal replacement on consumers. In addition, we tried to verify the psychological mechanism by confirming the mediating effect of the process-enjoyment through the process of making the effect of process simulation on purchase intention in the complex process of home meal replacement. In this study, The experiment was conducted using 2(Home Meal Replacement Types: Mealkit vs. Retort) x 3(Mental Simulation Types: Process vs. Result vs. Control) between participants design. As a result of the study, in mealkit, purchase intention was higher than the other two conditions in the process simulation condition, and in retort, purchase intention was higher than the other two conditions in the control condition, indicating an interaction between home meal replacement type and mental simulation. In addition, the process simulation conditions significantly influenced the purchase intention by moderated mediating the process-enjoyment, which only appeared in mealkit and not in retort, confirming the moderated mediating effect. Accordingly, This study is expected to be meaningful to researchers and marketing practitioners in that it is necessary to use product photos that can activate different mental simulations in packages. Furthermore the psychological mechanism of process-enjoyment felt by consumers in the imagination.

석탄가스화 복합발전 시스템의 집진설비용 다공성 탄화규소 캔들 필터 제조를 위해 래밍성형과 진공 압출성형 공정에 의해 캔들 필터 성형체를 제조하였다. 다양한 입도를 갖는 탄화규소 분말을 출발원료로 하였으며, 비점토계 무기 소결조제로 뮬라이트와 칼슘 카보네이트 분말을 사용하였다. 래밍성형과 진공 압출성형에 의한 캔들 필터 성형체들은 대기 분위기 1400oC에서 2시간 소성하여 제조하였다. 캔들 필터 성형공정과 출발원료 입도가 소결된 다공성 캔들 필터 지지층의 기공율, 밀도, 강도 (굽힘강도, 압축강도)와 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 래밍성형 공정에 의한 제조된 다공성 탄화규소 캔들 필터 소결체가 압출성형된 필터에 비해 높은 밀도 및 강도를 나타내고 있었으며, 그 최고 값은 각각 2.00 g/cm3과 45 MPa이었다. 한편 캔들 필터 지지층의 장기 내식성 평가 예측을 위하여 소결된 시편에 대해 석탄가스화 복합발전 600oC의 모사 합성가스 분위기에서 2400시간 부식실험을 수행하였다.

To fabricate porous SiC candle filter for filtration facility of the IGCC system, the candle type filter preforms were fabricated by ramming and vacuum extrusion process. A commercially available a-SiC powders with various particle size were used as starting raw materials, and 44 mm mullite, CaCO3 powder were used as non-clay based inorganic sintering additive. The candle typed preforms by ramming process and vacuum extrusion were sintered at 1400oC for 2h in air atmosphere. The effect of forming method and particle size of filter matrix on porosity, density, strength (flexural and compressive strength) and microstructure of the sintered porous SiC candle filters were investigated. The sintered porous SiC filters which were fabricated by ramming process have more higher density and strength than extruded filter in same particle size of the matrix, and its maximum density and 3-point bending strength were 2.00 g/cm3 and 45 MPa, respectively. Also, corrosion test of the sintered candle filter specimens by different forming method was performed at 600oC for 2400h using IGCC syngas atmosphere for estimation of long-term reliability of the candle filter matrix.

이리듐이 함유된 염산 침출액으로부터 시멘테이션법을 이용한 이리듐 회수 연구를 실시하였다. 환원제로는 아연을 사용하였으며, 환원제 투입량, 이리듐 초기 농도, 초기 pH, 반응 시간 변화 및 초음파 처리에 따른 이리듐 회수율 특성 실험을 실시하였다. 교반기만 사용한조건에서는 아연 투입량 증가에 따라 이리듐의 회수율이 지속적으로 증가하였으나, 아연 당량이 40 조건에서 70% 수준의 이리듐 회수율을 나타냈다. 초음파 처리에 따른 시멘테이션 조건에서는 아연 투입량이 20 당량 이하 조건에서 이리듐의 회수율이 감소하였고, 40 당량조건에서는 이리듐 회수율이 급격히 증가하는 특성을 나타났다. 이는 초음파 처리에 따른 아연의 이온화 및 이리듐 재용해되어 나타난 결과로 판단된다. 초음파 장치를 교반기와 함께 사용한 조건에서 교반기만 사용한 동일 조건에 비해 27% 이상 이리듐 회수율이 증가함을확인하였고, 99%의 이리듐 회수가 가능하였다(아연 40 당량, 초기 pH 0.01, 100 ml, 이리듐 초기 농도 1770 ppm, 60 min.).

This work investigated the cementation of iridium from iridium-containing hydrochloric acid leachate. Zinc powder was used as the reducing agent, and the effects of the stoichiometric ratio of Zn/Ir, initial Ir concentration, initial pH, reaction time, and ultrasound irradiation on iridium recovery were investigated. When only the stirrer was used for cementation, the iridium recovery increased with the addition amount of zinc, and the recovery of about 70% at 40 times the stoichiometric ratio of Zn/Ir. In contrast, when employing ultrasonic irradiation with stirring, the recovery of iridium decreased at 20 times or less the stoichiometric amount of zinc. The recovery of iridium increased at 40 times the stoichiometric ratio of Zn/Ir. This result may be due to the ionization of zinc and re-dissolution of iridium during the ultrasound irradiation treatment. When a combination of ultrasonic irradiation and stirring was used for cementation, the iridium recovery increased by more than 27% compared to that when using only the stirrer. It was possible to recover 99% of iridium under the following conditions: reaction time, 60 min; initial pH, 0.01; volume of leachate, 100 mL; 1770 ppm Ir, 40 times the stoichiometric ratio of Zn/Ir.

본 연구는 미술치료사를 대상으로 오픈 스튜디오 프로세스(Open Studio Process: 이하 OSP)가 미술치료사의 자기효능감과 자기돌봄, 미술중재인식에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 대상은 미술치료 전공 석사 이상 학위를 취득한 미술치료사로 모집된 40명을 실험집단, 통제집단 두 집단으로 각각 20명씩 무선 배치하였다. 실험집단에는 2021년 6월부터 11월까지 주 1회 120분, 총 6회의 OSP를 실험집단에 제공하고, OSP 시작 전, 후 예술치료사 자기효능감 척도(CAT-SES), 한국판 상담자 자기돌봄 척도(K-SCAP)를 실시하였다. 통제집단은 OSP 제공 없이 실험집단과 같은 시기에 동일한 척도로 사전․사후 검사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 두 집단의 사전․사후 검사 비교를 위하여 SPSS 28.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 미술중재인식(ABI) 질문지는 OSP에 참여한 13명에게 사전․사후 실시 후 집단 내 비교를 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, OSP 실시 후 실험집단의 예술치료사 자기효능감 점수는 향상되었으며, 이는 통제집단과의 점수 차이가 통계적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 둘째, OSP 실시 후 실험집단의 한국판 상담자 자기돌봄 점수는 향상되었으나, 통제집단 간 점수 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, OSP를 경험한 실험집단의 미술중재인식 점수는 향상되었으며, 점수 변화는 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Open Studio Process (OSP) on art therapists' self-efficacy, self-care, and art-based intervention. The participants were 40 art therapists who a master's or higher art therapydegree. They were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group, with 20 participants in each group. The experimental group received six 120-minute OSP sessions, once a week from June to November 2021. The Creative Arts Therapists Self-Efficacy Scales (CAT-SES) and the Korean version of the Self-Care Assessment for Psychologists (K-SCAP) were administered to both groups before and after the intervention. The control group underwent the same pre- and post-assessments without participating in the OSP. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 28.0 to compare the pre- and post-test results of the two groups. Additionally, the Art-Based Intervention (ABI) questionnaire was administered to 13 participants who completed the OSP, with comparisons made within the group before and after the intervention. The results of this study were as follows: First, the self-efficacy scores of the art therapists in the experimental group improved after the OSP, showing a statistically significant difference compared to the control group. Second, the self-care scores of the experimental group increased after the OSP, but the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Third, the perceptions of art-based interventions among the experimental group participants improved after experiencing the OSP, with statistically significant changes in scores. Based on these findings, the significance and limitations of this study were discussed.

This study was indicated to enhance the anti-inflammation activities by the fermentation of the fruits of Aroniamelanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott. The extracts by 70% ethanol (EE) showed better biological activities than those by hotwater (WE) from campared result of the effect of extraction solvents. Then, the extract from 70% ethanol extraction wasfurther fermented by lactic acid, denoted as FEE. For antioxidant activities, the FEE had showed the highest value as 0.832of reducing powder, in comparison with those of EE and WE. Cytotoxicity of the water extraction (WE) was measured for12.06% in addition of 1.0 ㎎/㎖ of FEE. For anti-inflammation activities, NO production from the macrophage, RAW 264.7was observed as 7.24 μM and 8.52 μM from FEE and EE, respectively. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production from humanfibroblast cell, CCD-986sk, was also estimated for 152 pg/㎖ in addition of 1.0 ㎎/㎖ of the FEE. The lowest production ofboth IL-6 and TNF-α were 3.5 pg/㎖ and 865.5 pg/㎖, respectively in addition of 1.0 ㎎/㎖ of the FEE, whereas 74.5 pg/㎖and 982.4 pg/㎖ in treated with same concenrations of the EE. It was also found that the FEE was higher amounts thanother extracts through HPLC analysis of the anthocyanins. These results strongly indicate that fermentation process of thelactic acid could enhance anti-inflammation activities of extracts by increasing the amounts of the anthocyanins, especiallycyanidin-galactoside. Our results suggest that the application of the fermentation process for other medicinal herbs can beimproved their biological activities.

본 연구는 업무 및 관계 측면에서 개인이 인지한 갈등과 갈등관리의 관계에서 세대조화풍토와 실책관리풍토의 교차수준 조절효과를 검증하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 조직 내에서 개인이 경험하는 갈등을 스트레스 요인으로 볼 때, 조직 내 대처에 해당하는 갈등관리와는 부정적인 관계를 예상할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 가본적인 관계 하에 효과적 갈등관리에 대한 팀 수준 대처 자원으로서 팀 풍토의 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이것은 새로운 변화를 빈번하게 시도하고 다양한 연령으로 구성된 최근의 팀 조직의 특성을 반영하고, 이러한 팀 환경 하에 갈등을 경험하는 구성원이 보다 능동적인 팀 풍토의 효과를 받아서 갈등관리에 도움이 되는지를 검증하고자 하는 것이다. 국내 다양한 조직에 속해있는 43개 팀에서 152명의 근로자를 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 분석 결과, 개인이 인지한 갈등(과업갈등, 관계갈등)을 함께 고려할 때, 관계갈등과 효과적 갈등관리 간에는 유의한 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 팀 수준에서 팀 실책관리풍토는 과업갈등과 효과적 갈등관리의 관계를 유의하게 조절하였으며, 팀 세대조화풍토는 관계갈등과 갈등관리의 관계를 조절하였다. 흥미롭게도 본 연구에서는 세대조화풍토가 관계적 측면의 갈등이 갈등관리를 낮추는 부적 관계를 완화시킬 것이라고 예측하였으나, 반대의 결과가 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과들을 토대로 연구의 학문적 의의와 실무적 시사점, 그리고 제한점과 향후 연구 방향에 대한 제언을 논하였다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of conflict within a team on individual effective conflict managemen and to verify the cross-level moderation effects of the team's intergenerational climate and error management climate in this process. Given the conflict experienced by individuals within the organization as a stress factor, the study was to examine the impact of the team climate as a coping resource for stress, This attempt is to verify the effect of a team context that prevents the negative effects of categorization in the recent organization and that accepts mistakes that can cause conflict. To conduct this study, data were collected from 152 workers in 43 teams belonging to various organizations in Korea. The results showed that a direct effect of conflict (task & relationship conflict) on effective conflict management at the individual level was significant. In addition, the team error management climate significantly moderated the effect of task conflict on effective conflict management at the team level, and the team intergenerational climate significantly moderated the effect of relationship conflict on effective conflict management. Interestingly, this study predicted that the intergenerational climate would alleviate the impact of relationship conflict on effective conflict management in terms of emotions and relationships, but the opposite result was found. Based on these research results, the academic significance and practical implications of the study, limitations, and suggestions for future research directions were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 상황판단검사 형식으로 제작된 정직성 척도가 과업수행과 반생산적 업무수행을 예측하는지와 부정직성이 비윤리적 행동을 유발하기 전에 이를 허용해주는 도덕적 해이과정(moral disengagement process)이 매개변수로 작용한다는 것을 검증하는 데 있다. 정직성을 측정하기 위해 HEXACO 모형(Lee & Ashton, 2004)의 정직-겸손성 요인의 하위 구성개념들(진실성(sincerity), 도덕성(fairness), 청렴성(greed avoidance) 및 겸손성(modesty))을 측정하는 상황판단검사를 사용하였다. 분석에 이용한 자료는 총 365명(남자=46.58%, 여자=53.42%)의 직장인에게서 수집된 자료이다. 준거관련 타당도 분석 결과, 정직성은 과업수행과는 유의한 정적 상관을, 반생산적 업무행동과는 유의한 부적상관을 보였다. 매개모형에 대한 검증 결과, 정직성이 도덕적 해이를 매개로 반생산적 업무행동에 영향을 주는 간접효과와 정직성이 반생산적 업무행동에 미치는 직접효과가 모두 유의하게 나타났으며 이 모형에 대한 전반적 부합지수는 χ2를 제외하고는 모두 양호하게 나타났다(χ2(32, N=365)=50.44, p=.0202, CFI=.990, TLI=.986, RMSEA=.040). 연구의 시사점과 제한점이 논의에서 다루어졌다.

The purposes of this research were 1) to identify criterion-related validity of the developed Honesty test using situation judgment test format and 2) to test mediating role of moral disengagement process including self-sanction. For these purpose, the situational judgment test measuring sub-constructs (i.e., sincerity, fairness, greed avoidance and modesty) of honesty-humility factor in HEXACO model(Lee & Ashton, 2004) was developed. eria(i.e., counterproductive work behavior, task performance and contextual performance). Total 365 employees(male, N=170, 46.58%; female, N=195, 53.42%) were used in the study. The Honesty test developed in the study included 24 items(i.e., 6 items for each 4 sub-constructs). The criterion-related validity analyses results showed that the Honesty test using situational judgment test format had significant correlations with counterproductive work behavior(r = -.49) and task performance(r = .39). The results of structural equation model revealed that the effects of honesty on counterproductive work behavior was mediated by moral disengagement process and the direct effect of honesty on counterproductive work behavior was also significant. Overall goodness of fit indexes of this model were favorable except for the chi-square value(χ2(32) = 50.44, p = .0202, CFI = .990, TLI = .986, RMSEA = .040). Limitations of the study and directions for future study were discussed.

This study was conducted to compare and identify the mediating effect of family communication in the impact of death anxiety and personal meanings of death on the attitude of dignified death near the end-of-life among Korean mid-life and old people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 287 mid-life and old people in Seoul, Busan, and Daegu City. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires which were standardized instruments from November 2010 to March 2011. Data were analyzed by using SPSS/WIN 14. Results: The results of the study indicated that there were statistically significant differences in level of death anxiety, personal meaning of death, and the dignified death between mid-age and old-age people. In addition,family communication had full mediating effects among the mid-age, while it had partial mediating effects among the old-age in the relationships between death anxiety, personal meaning of death, and the attitude of dignified death. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, implications for the intervention of the dignified death and preferences for care near the end-of-life among mid-life and old people and recommendations of further study were provided.

본 연구의 목적은 허구적인 존재로서 광고 캐릭터의 효과 과정을 총체적으로 설명하는것이다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 쾌락적 동기를 지각하는 정도가 높을수록 실재감 지각 정도가더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 소비 동기와 정보원 속성평가의 관계에서 쾌락적 동기가정보원 속성평가(신뢰성과 매력성, 친근성)에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 실재감 지각은 캐릭터의 정보원 속성 평가에 가장 큰 영향을 주었으나 캐릭터 호감에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 개인의 인지욕구는 정보원 평가 속성에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 마지막으로, 정보원 속성 평가에서 시작하여 캐릭터 호감, 광고태도, 브랜드태도로 이어지는 전통적인 커뮤니케이션 모형은 본 연구 결과에서도 지지되었다.

This article aimed to give a holistic effect process of advertising spokes-characters in respect of a fictional being, focused on how perceived presence of characters creates presence. Results are as follows: First, hedonic consumption motives have positive effects on perceived presence. Second, hedonic consumption motives have positive effects on source evaluative characteristics such as credibility, attractiveness and familiarity. Third, perceived presence has positive impact on source evaluative characteristics but has no significant impact on character preference. Fourth, need for cognition is positively related with the evaluation of source characteristics. Finally, source effect model was supported that proposed the positive relations among character preference, advertising attitude, and brand attitude. Practical implications are discussed based on these findings.