Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 제주4․3을 경험한 여성 생존자의 그림 표현을 통해 4․3 당시 마을에서 일어난 상황과 4․3 이후 생계를 위한 노동에서 무엇을 기억하고 있는가를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 참여자는 4․3을 경험한 여성 생존자로 84~87세 사이에 진행한 질적 사례 연구이다. 연구 기간은 2017년 10월 8일~2020년 1월 18일(2년 3개월)까지 회기당 90분간 총 42회기 면담하였다. 자료 분석은 주제 분석을 하였으며 분석 결과 다음과 같이 4개의 대주제와 10개의 하위 주제가 도출되었다. 대주제는 ‘행복’, ‘붉은 폭풍’, ‘해녀의 삶’, ‘4․3에 대해 털어놓는다는 것’이며 하위 주제는 ‘그리운 아버지’, ‘1948년 12월 16일 낸시빌레에서의 희생’, ‘1949년 1월 17일 북촌 사건’, ‘가족의 귀환’, ‘할아버지와 친족들의 시신을 수습’, ‘아버지의 화병’, ‘생계터-다려도’, ‘미역은 저승풀’, ‘그림과 나의 만남’, ‘심리적 시원함’이다. 본 연구를 통해 그림 작업이 과거의 기억을 구체화하고 조직화하는데 효과적임을 알 수 있었으며, 향후 역사적 사건을 이해하는 하나의 방법으로 그림 작업이 활용될 수 있음을 시사했다는 점에 의의가 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점 및 향후 연구에 관해 논의 하였다.

This study aimed to investigate what happened in a village during the tragic Jeju 4-3 incident by examining the drawing expression of a female survivor who experienced the incident and what she can remember from the labor she undertook to make ends meet following Jeju 4?3. The study subject is a woman who survived Jeju 4?3;, a qualitative case study was conducted when she was between 84 and 87 years old. The study was carried out between October 8, 2017, and January 18, 2020, a span of 2 years and 3 months. A total of 42 interviews were conducted, and each interview lasted 90 minutes. To analyze the resulting data, a thematic analysis was performed. The analysis resulted in four themes (“happiness,” “red storm,” “the life of a haenyeo,” and “openly speaking about Jeju 4?3,”) and 10 sub-themes (“a missed father,” “victimization at Naensibille on December 16th, 1948,” “the Bukchon incident on January 17th, 1949,” “return of a family,” “the recovery of the dead bodies of grandfather and relatives’,” “father’s hwa-byung,” “a place for livelihood-Daryeo-do,” “sea mustard is jeoseungpul,” “the encounter between me and the drawing,” and “sense of relief.”) These findings show that drawings are effective tools for helping individuals recall and specify past memories. In addition, the study is significant in that it suggests that drawings can be utilized as a way to understand future historical events. Based on the results of this study and future studies were discussed.

본 연구의 목적은 유아의 그림표현능력 증진을 위하여 다중지능이론에 기초한 아트프로펠 탐구모델에 따라 제작된 미술프로그램 활동의 효과와 원인을 알기 위하여 만 5세 유아 40명(실험집단 20명, 비교집단 20명)에게 16주 동안 20회(2012. 5. 11~8. 22)에 걸쳐 수행하였다. 검사 도구는 다중지능검사는 Shearer(1991)에 근거한 김숙경(2001)이, 그림표현능력 검사는 지성애(2001)에 근거한 김영혜(2005)검사법을 각각 사용하였다. 수집된 자료는 프로그램의 효과검증은 공변량 분석하고, 그림표현능력 변화 양상은 반복측정 분산분석을 하였다. 그리고 유아들의 강점 및 약점지능을 알아보았고 또 다중지능이 그림표현능력을 판별하는 정도와 그림표현능력 간의 상호관계를 알아보기 위해 판별분석을 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다중지능이론에 기초한 미술프로그램이 유아의 그림표현능력과 그 하위요인에도 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 미술프로그램에 참가한 유아의 그림표현능력 총점의 변화 양상이 회기에 따라 달랐다. 셋째, 다중지능은 유아의 그림표현능력을 예측할 수 있는 한 변인이었으며, 공간 지능이 유아의 그림표현능력을 예측하는 정도가 가장 높았다. 따라서 유아들은 미술요소를 중심으로 한 체계적인 미술 프로그램 활동을 통해 미술요소들이 유아의 다중지능을 기초한 반성적 사고과정을 거치면서 그림표현 관련지능들이 활성화되어 그림표현능력을 향상시켰음을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study was to develop a program based on the multiple intelligence theory to promote children's ability of drawing expression, and to verify and analyze its effects and causes. The program was prepared according to the Arts PROPEL model based on the multiple intelligence theory focusing on the elements of art in order to achieve the objectives. The subjects of this research consisted of 40 five-year-old children(20 in the experimental group and 20 in the comparison group), over 20 times during a 16 week period from May 11, 2012 to August 22, 2012. The multiple intelligence development assessment scale of Shearer(1991) adapted by Kim(2001) and the drawing expression ability measurement of Ji(2001) modified and complemented by Kim(2005) were used as the tools in this study. The collected data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance to verify the effectiveness and the repeated measure analysis of variance to examine the patterns of the drawing expression ability. The intelligence strengths and weaknesses of the children were investigated and the discriminant analysis was used to examine the degree of impact of multiple intelligence on the drawing expression ability and the interrelationships between the multiple intelligence and the drawing expression ability. The results of this study were as follows: First, the art program based on the multiple intelligence theory had a positive impact on the children’s drawing expression ability and also on the knowledge of basic shapes, line merging, various colors, detailed depiction, harmonious configuration, various shapes, representations related to topics, creativity of representation, and the completeness of drawing, which are sub-areas of the drawing expression ability. Second, based on the art program, the total score of the drawing expression ability was continuously increased throughout the 5th to the 15th class and was maintained afterwards. Third, the multiple intelligence was one of the variables to predict the drawing expression ability of children and the result showed that spatial intelligence predicts the ability at the highest degree. This study indicates that the systematic art programs focusing on art elements help children to reconfigure elements through the process of reflective thinking. Also, results show that the element of spatial intelligence is most activated among the intelligences related to the drawing expression in the process of thinking based on the multiple intelligences which helps improve the drawing expression ability.

It has long history of our endeavoring about to express and to reappear accurately on records and expressions of martial arts in Korea. In recently, in order to transmit the reappearance by drawing, a Video and a movie are more powerful than book. Though we have many records of drawing on Korean martial arts, the data about martial arts are restricted in three kingdom, such as, Koryo, Joseonand modern age. Recently, we can easily find such data from being database file. Nevertheless, it is still very restrict to know the characteristics and motions of martial arts only by such database. In this paper, I tried to find the characteristics and the appearances of developing data on Joseon period which are relatively clear in the records on martial arts. And I tried to search the records are distorted in modern times and to find to be researched in this field. It was reviewed that Muyedobotonggi(武藝圖譜通志, 1790, A Collection of Martial Arts with Descriptions) and iukwe(儀軌, records and paintings on King’s ceremony), Mugwachongyo(武科總要, 1810, records on military men’s examination test), and the records of martial arts which are recently modern age. And it was examined that how the records of martial arts were developed and changed. Digital archive works which collect and contain records, documents, or materials of historical interest are receiving a footlights. It will be an attractive work in scholars and grand masters who want to reserve the martial arts skills. It will be a well adjustment by digital archive file or electric data for whom prepare classifying and arranging the records of martial arts.

Purpose: Art program has been found to enhance mood such as increasing motivation, self-expression and decreasing depression in older adults. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of clay art and drawing on depression and self-expression among elderly people at a long-term care center. Methods: The research was a pre-test and post-test non-equivalent design. Sixty older patients (clay art program=28. Drawing art program=32) over the age of 65 were recruited from 2 long-term care hospitals to participate in the 5 weeks program. Each group was scheduled with 10,120-minute evaluation sessions, twice per week. Test measures were completed before and after the 5 week intervention period for all participants. The data was collected from April 27 to May 29, 2015. It was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 using chi-square, t-test and paired t-test. Results: There were no significant difference in the levels of depression (t=0.21, p=.830) and total score of self-expression (t=-0.10, p=.919) between the two groups. However, the pre-post scores of self-expression in the clay art program (t=0.22, p=.826) were improved compared to the drawing art program (t=0.80, p=.430). Conclusion: Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of clay art program for extended senior care applications.

아동화의 발달 단계를 크게 난화기, 도식기, 사실기로 나누어 볼 때, 도식기의 아동화는 패턴, 상징, 도식을 만들고 이것을 조합, 구성하여 새로운 이미지로 발전시키는 등의 매력적인 표현방식을 전개해 나간다. 본고에서는 자기중심성으로 인한 도식화, 적절한 관계판단의 미숙에 따른 비합리성, 의식의 미분화에 기인하는 애니미즘을 이 시기 아동화의 대표적인 특질로 상정하였다. 이러한 도식기의 특질은 그림책 일러스트레이션에도 반영되어지는데, 그림책 일러스트레이션에서는 아동화의 매력적 조형을 재현하기 위해 일정한 시각적 연출이 가해지게 된다. 즉 도식화의 효과를 재현해내기 위한 생략과 과장에 의한 형태변형, 비합리성으로 인한 조형특징을 재현하기 위한 비현실적 조형과 구성, 애니미즘을 구현시키기 위한 방편으로의 의인화가 그것들이다. 아동화와 그림책 일러스트레이션 양자의 이러한 특질 속에 담긴 공통된 미감의 요인을 각각 긴장감, 환상성, 생명성으로 설정하였다. 그리고 본고는 이들 특질들을 아동화에 있어서는 매력적인 표현의 원천으로, 그림책 일러스트레이션에 있어서는 창의적 표현을 위한 주요한 표현 모티브로 이해하였다.

Largely dividing developmental stages of children's drawing into scribble stage, schema stage, and representation stage, children's drawings in schema stage make pattern, symbol, schema and develop them into a new image by compounding them together. This thesis regards schema caused by egocentrism, irrationality according to immaturity to appropriate relationship and animism resulted from in-differentiation of consciousness as the representative characteristic of children's drawing in this period. These characteristics of schema stage are reflected in the illustration of picture books. In the illustration of picture books, visual effects are included to reproduce the charming plastic of children's drawing. We consider the deformation by omission and exaggeration to reproduce the effect of schema, unreal composition to reproduce the characteristics of plastic caused by irrationality, and the use of anthropomorphic as a tool to embody animism as intended visual effects in the illustration of picture books. Also, this thesis sets up the common aesthetic of these properties in both children's drawing and illustration of picture books as tension, illusion and vitality. And this thesis regards these properties as the source of fascinating expression in the point of children's drawing and as a significant motif for original expression in the point of picture book illustration.

본 연구의 목적은 정신지체아동의 미술지도를 위한 방안을 제시하기 위하여 정신지체아동의 그리기와 채색하기 등과 같은 기초기능의 수행수준을 사회연령별로 제시하고자 하였다. 102명의 정신지체아동을 대상으로 평면표현활동에서 나타난 그리기와 채색하기의 특성을 유목별로 채점하여 백분율과 그래프로 결과를 제시하였다. 정신지체아동의 평면표현활동은 사회연령의 증가에 따라 기능이 향상되었으나, 사회연령 6세를 기준으로 그리기와 채색 수행의 향상이 달리 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 정신지체아동의 미술교과 지도를 위한 연령 발달단계별 프로그램의 중요성을 시사하였다.

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the performance levels of Art activity which were conducted by mentally retarded children with different age groups. The research was proceeded by the points on their basic functional levels of the drawing and coloring through plane expression activity, and by comparison on the abovementioned activities of the each groups. One hundred and two mental retarded children in middle school level in school for mental retarded were participated for this study. The Art activities were divided into basic functions of drawing and coloring based on the curriculum of the school for mental retarded. Every performance levels of these activities were scored with 5-Likert scale. The results of this study were that : (a) the basic function of drawing shows successfully drawing lines and figures; (b) the basic function of coloring are able to color with crayon pastel as leaning or standing; and (c) the children aged 1 to 2 years showed the similar performance level in drawing and coloring, but in the age of 6 the performance level of drawing was shown to increase than those of coloring, and as the social age gets lowered the performance level of coloring was shown to be higher than drawing. Therefore this study concluded that (a) the children with mental retardation increase the skills of drawing and painting in Art performance; and (b) the Art curriculum of the school for mental retarded is considered based on their performance levels in drawing and coloring.

A simple method of line drawing animation creation method from a human facial video is presented in this paper. Without much manual intervention, the work could be used in personal cartoon video processing and communication. In this domain, a number of works has been proposed, while most of them need interactive processing or specific data such as 3D model. The method presented in this paper could automatically transfer expressions without much user participation. Given an input video and line drawing model with some basic emotions, active appearance models are used to get the current facial feature points of the video, and then the system can achieve the emotion parameters by solving the emotion function of AAM and transfer them to the same basic emotions model of line drawings. The basic emotions of line drawings are formed by background image and facial feature lines which are drawn with a set of Bézier curves with width. Finally, facial line drawing animation is obtained and shown in the experiment.

본 연구의 목적은 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동이 유아의 미술 표현력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 연구 대상은 충청북도 소재의 C시 지역의 사회 경제적 배경이 비슷한 2개 유치원에 재원 중 인 만 5세 유아 32명이었다. 실험집단의 유아들은 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동을 총 10차시로 진 행하였다. 통제집단은 5세 누리과정 생활주제의 일반적인 유치원 교육활동에 참여하였다. 본 연구에서 밝혀 진 연구 결과는 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동을 실시한 실험집단 유아들이 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동을 실시하지 않은 통제집단의 유아들보다 미술 표현력의 표상수준, 탐색수준, 예술성수준이 향 상되는데 효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과에 비추어 볼 때, 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동이 만 5세 유아 의 미술 표현력을 향상시킬 수 있도록 돕는데 효과적인 교수학습방법이라는 것이 밝혀졌다.

The purpose of this study is to explore whether drawing activities using synectics technique affect young children’s drawing expression. According to the above study purpose, research questions were set up as follows. 1. What effects do drawing activities using synectics technique have on young children’s drawing expression? 1) What effects do drawing activities using synectics technique have on young children’s representation level? 2) What effects do drawing activities using synectics technique have on young children’s exploration level? 3) What effects do drawing activities using synectics technique have on young children’s artistry level? The objects of this study were 32 young children aged 5 years attending 2 classes of B and S kindergarten in Cheongjoo-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea. The experiment group were 16 young children(male: 10, female: 6) aged 5 years of B kindergarten; the control group were 16 young children(male: 6, female: 10) aged 5 years of S kindergarten. The research tool of this study was based on Evaluation Scales(Chen & Feinburg, 1990) in the visual arts domain of Project Spectrum(Krechevsky, 1998). And, this study employed the tool of Choi Hyeon-Yi(2010) which was developed from that of Kang Young-Soo(1999) who had adapted the Evaluation Scales to assess drawing expression. The experimental treatment of drawing activities using synectics technique was done from 18(Mon.) May to 23(Thu.) July, 2015 for 10 weeks each of which was one session. For the data processing in investigating the effects of drawing activities using synectics technique on 3 categories of drawing expression which include representation, exploration and artistry level, the means and standard deviations of pre- and post-test scores were calculated for both the experiment and control group. And, T-test was done for the increment which was post-score subtracted of pre-test score. The results of this study are as follows. First, the score of drawing expression in the experiment group who participated in drawing activities using synectics was more than that in the control group and there was statistically significant difference(p＜.001) which means drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on young children’s drawing expression. Second, the scores of 3 sub factors(representation, exploration and artistry level) of drawing expression in the experiment group who participated in creative drawing activities using synectics were more than those in the control group and there were statistically significant differences(p＜.01, p＜.001). In detail, statistically significant differences at the representation level and the exploration/artistry level were p＜.01 and p＜.001 respectively. The above results means drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on young children’s drawing expression. The conclusions based on the above results of this study are as follows. First, drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on young children’s drawing expression. Second, drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on the representation level of young children’s drawing expression. Third, drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on the exploration level of young children’s drawing expression. Fourth, creative drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on the artistry level of young children’s drawing expression. The results of this study showed drawing activities using synectics improved the drawing expression of your children in the experiment group. In conclusion, drawing activities using synectics is an effective teaching-learning method for the enhanced drawing expression of young children aged 5 years.

언어능력, 그리고 음악표현능력에 미치는 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 전래동요와 연계한 미술활동은 전 래동요와 친숙해 지기, 전래동요와 연계한 미술활동하기, 전래동요와 연계한 미술활동작품 감상하기 및 토의하기 과정으로 구성하였으며, 유치원에 재원 중인 만 5세 유아 총 50명을 연구대상으로 선정 하였다. 연구대상의 평균 월령은 72.ll 이었다. 실험집단과 비교집단은 무선으로 할당하고 실험집단에 는 본 연구를 위해 개발된 전래동요와 연계한 미술활동을 처치하고 비교집단에는 누리과정에 기초한 미술활동을 제공하였다. 실험 처지 전과 후에 ‘유아 그리기표상능력평가도구’, ’언어이해인지력검사도 구’, 그리고 ‘음악적 표현능력 검사도구’를 사용하여 연구 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 ANCOVA 를 사용하여 실험처치 효과를 분석하였다. 연구결과 실험집단이 비교집단 보다 그리기표상능력, 언어 능력, 음악표현능력에서 점수가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the art activity linkage with traditional children’s songs on young children’s drawing representation, language. and musical expression ability. The total of 50 five year-old children(mean age 72.11) attend S and N kindergarten located in U city participated in this study. The subjects were consisted of experimental group(25 children in S kindergarten) and comparative group(25children in N kindergarten). The art activity linkage with traditional children’s songs was applied in the experimental group and the art activity based on Nuri curriculum was applied in the comparative group. For data collection, the study utilized the 'The Drawing Representation Inventory', 'Language Comprehension Intelligence', and 'The Musical Expression Ability Test Tool'. SPSS 20.0 and ANCOVA were used to analyzed the data. The results of this study showed that the experimental group achieved higher score on drawing representation, language, and musical expression ability compared with the comparative group.

본 연구의 목적은 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동이 유아의 미술 표현력에 미치는 영향을 알아보기위한 것이다. 연구 대상은 충청북도 소재의 C시 지역의 사회 경제적 배경이 비슷한 2개 유치원에 재원 중인 만 5세 유아 32명이었다. 실험집단의 유아들은 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동을 총 10차시로 진행하였다. 통제집단은 5세 누리과정 생활주제의 일반적인 유치원 교육활동에 참여하였다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 연구 결과는 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동을 실시한 실험집단 유아들이 시네틱스 기법을 활용한그리기 활동을 실시하지 않은 통제집단의 유아들보다 미술 표현력의 표상수준, 탐색수준, 예술성수준이 향상되는데 효과가 있었다. 이러한 결과에 비추어 볼 때, 시네틱스 기법을 활용한 그리기 활동이 만 5세 유아의 미술 표현력을 향상시킬 수 있도록 돕는데 효과적인 교수학습방법이라는 것이 밝혀졌다.

The purpose of this study is to explore whether drawing activities using synectics technique affect young children’s drawing expression. According to the above study purpose, research questions were set up as follows. 1. What effects do drawing activities using synectics technique have on young children’s drawing expression? 1) What effects do drawing activities using synectics technique have on young children’s representation level? 2) What effects do drawing activities using synectics technique have on young children’s exploration level? 3) What effects do drawing activities using synectics technique have on young children’s artistry level? The objects of this study were 32 young children aged 5 years attending 2 classes of B and S kindergarten in Cheongjoo-Si, Chungcheongbuk-Do, Korea. The experiment group were 16 young children(male: 10, female: 6) aged 5 years of B kindergarten; the control group were 16 young children(male: 6, female: 10) aged 5 years of S kindergarten. The research tool of this study was based on Evaluation Scales(Chen & Feinburg, 1990) in the visual arts domain of Project Spectrum(Krechevsky, 1998). And, this study employed the tool of Choi Hyeon-Yi(2010) which was developed from that of Kang Young-Soo(1999) who had adapted the Evaluation Scales to assess drawing expression. The experimental treatment of drawing activities using synectics technique was done from 18(Mon.) May to 23(Thu.) July, 2015 for 10 weeks each of which was one session. For the data processing in investigating the effects of drawing activities using synectics technique on 3 categories of drawing expression which include representation, exploration and artistry level, the means and standard deviations of pre- and post-test scores were calculated for both the experiment and control group. And, T-test was done for the increment which was post-score subtracted of pre-test score. The results of this study are as follows. First, the score of drawing expression in the experiment group who participated in drawing activities using synectics was more than that in the control group and there was statistically significant difference(p＜.001) which means drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on young children’s drawing expression. Second, the scores of 3 sub factors(representation, exploration and artistry level) of drawing expression in the experiment group who participated in creative drawing activities using synectics were more than those in the control group and there were statistically significant differences(p＜.01, p＜.001). In detail, statistically significant differences at the representation level and the exploration/artistry level were p＜.01 and p＜.001 respectively. The above results means drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on young children’s drawing expression. The conclusions based on the above results of this study are as follows. First, drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on young children’s drawing expression. Second, drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on the representation level of young children’s drawing expression. Third, drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on the exploration level of young children’s drawing expression. Fourth, creative drawing activities using synectics had a positive effect on the artistry level of young children’s drawing expression. The results of this study showed drawing activities using synectics improved the drawing expression of your children in the experiment group. In conclusion, drawing activities using synectics is an effective teaching-learning method for the enhanced drawing expression of young children aged 5 years.

본 연구는 자연체험활동에 기초한 조형미술활동이 유아의 조형미술표현에 미치는 영향을 알아봄으로써 유아교육현장에서 활용되고 있는 교수학습방법인 자연체험활동에 기초한 조형미술활동의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 유아의 조형미술표현 증진을 위해서는 인지적 지식이나 간접체험에 의한 조형미술활동이 아니라 유아 자신이 주체가 되어 자연에 참여하고 느끼고, 실천하는 직접 체험의 다양한 경험을 통한 조형미술활동의 기회를 제공하는 거시 효과적임을 알 수 있었다.

The purpose of this study is to seek how effects of drawing activity based on nature environment experience influence to young children’s drawing expression. The results of this study are as follows; First, it has important difference on statistical meaningful level in young children’s drawing expression between experimental group and control group, the one is made drawing activity after nature environment experience and another is also made that after educated same subject in the classroom(p<.001). Second, it has important difference on statistical meaningful level in the young children’s drawing expression’s independent variable degree of representation between experimental group and control group, the one is made drawing activity after nature environment experience and another is also made that after educated same subject in the classroom(p<.05). Third, it has important difference on statistical meaningful level in the young children’s drawing expression’s independent variable level of exploration between experimental group and control group, the one is made drawing activity after nature environment experience and another is also made that after educated same subject in the classroom(p<.01). Fourth, it has important difference on statistical meaningful level in the young children’s drawing expression’s independent variable level of artistry between experimental group and control group, the one is made drawing activity after nature environment experience and another is also made that after educated same subject in the classroom(p<.001).

이 연구는 명화와 번스타인의 생각도구를 활용한 통합적 접근이 유아의 그림표현력 및 정서지능에 미치는 효과를 알아보는 데 있다. 이를 위해 G시에 소재한 Y와 K유치원의 만5세반 유아 50명(실험집단 25명, 통제집단 25명)을 연구 대상으로 선정하였다. 실험처치는 실험집단의 유아를 대상으로 생활주제에 적합한 명화 12편을 선정하여 명화 감상활동과 확장활동이 약 50분 동안 주 1회씩, 총 12회기로 진행되었다. 교수‧학습 방법은 명화를 소재로 ‘관심 갖기’ - ‘탐구하기’ - ‘해석하기’ - ‘체험하기’ - ‘정리하기’의 순으로 진행되었다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS/PC(win 28.0) 프로그램을 사용하여 공분산분석(ANCOVA)으로 그 효과를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 명화와 번스타인의 생각도구를 활용한 통합교육활동은 실험집단 유아들의 그림표현력과 정서지능을 향상시킨 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에 활용된 명화와 번스타인의 아홉 개의 생각도구는 유아의 사고 교육과 교육활동에 적합한 교수매체일 뿐 아니라 명화와 번스타인의 생각도구를 활용한 통합적 접근이 유아에게 효과적인 교수·학습 방법이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

This study examines the effects on children’s drawing expression ability and emotional intelligence with the integrated approach based on the application of famous painting and thinking tools of R.Bernstein. 5-years old 50 children(25 experimental and 25 comparison group) were selected as a study group. Teaching-learning is processed by using the famous painting in this order; attention, experiment, interpretation, experience, cleaning. Collected data was verified by ANCOVA from SPSS/PC(win 28.0). As a result, the integrated approach based on the application of famous painting and thinking tools of R. Bernstein improved drawing expression ability and emotional intelligence of children from the experimental group. In sum, not only are the famous paintings used in this experiment appropriate for teaching tools but also are 13 thinking tools of R.Bernstein have a positive effect.

본 연구는 유아의 그리기 표현능력과 운동능력, 유치원 적응력 및 놀이특성과의 관계를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 만 4, 5세 유아 151명을 대상으로 그리기 표현능력과 운동능력, 유치원 적응력, 놀이특성 검사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 Pearson r과 다중회귀분석을 실시하여 이들 간의 관계를 분석하였다. 연구결과 유아의 그리기 표현능력은 운동능력, 유치원 적응력, 놀이특성과 유의미한 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 운동능력은 그리기 표현 능력에 대해 유의미한 영향력을 미치는 예측변인으로 밝혀졌다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship among young children's drawing expression ability, motor ability, preschool adjustment, and play characteristics. The subjects used in this study were 151 children whose mean age was 62.97 months. It used children's Drawing Expression Inventory, MPTYC, the Preschool Adjustment Questionnaire, and Play Inventory for Young Children in collection of data. Pearson r and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to analyze the data. It was revealed that there were significant relationships among young children's drawing expression ability, motor ability, preschool adjustment, and play characteristics. It was also revealed that motor ability is the predict variables to have influence upon young children's drawing expression ability.

이 연구는 그동안 부분적으로 모호했던 프란츠 치젝의 창조적 자유화 미술교육에 초점을 맞추어, 그의 생애와 미술교육의 목적·교육관·교사관, 수업방법과 그에 관한평가 등을 보다 심층적으로 고찰하여 규명하고자 하였다. 연구방법은 국내외 문헌연구에 기초하여, 특히 ‘치젝과의 대화’나 그의 수업실천의 생생한 기록을 중심으로 고찰하였다. 연구결과, 치젝은 ① 창조적 자아표현인 아동화를 미술적 창조의 최초의, 가장순수한 원천으로 간주하여 살아있는 수업을 해야 함을 강조하였고, ② 평생 어린이들을 자유롭게 해방하는 미술교육방법으로 수업을 진행하였으며, ③ 어른의 억압·강제·간섭을 배제한 것은 아동미술에서 어린이의 ‘어렵고 힘들게 탐색하여 얻은 자기발견’이 중요했기 때문이고, ④ ‘청소년 미술교실’은 수강료 및 교재를 무료로 제공하며35년간(1904-1938), 외국의 지속적인 후원으로 힘겹게 운영하였음을 밝혔다. 나아가, ⑤ 지속적으로 세계적인 아동미술전람회 개최를 통한 그의 명성과 호평에도, 비판자들의 반대와 궁핍 등 수많은 모순과 싸워야만 했던 치젝의 고단했던 생애도 규명하였다. 본 연구는 치젝의 창의성에 관한 해석과 그의 창조적 자유화 미술교육의 재조명을 통해 미래 초등미술교육의 유용한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The focus of this study is on examining Franz Cizek's creative free expression drawing in art education which was, in part, misunderstood. The purpose of this research is to identify his life, objectives of art education, educational viewpoints, perspectives on teachers, teaching methods, and evaluations that he proposed in depth. The research methodology is based on a literature review, and data were obtained from the revived records that contain conversations with Cizek and classroom practices. Cizek is discovered to: ① have considered children's paintings, creative self expression, as the first and most innocent sources for artistic creation, thereby emphasizing the importance of classroom learning; ② have proceeded with his unique classroom style throughout his whole life in which children were free to express themselves; ③ have excluded the oppression, compulsion, and interference by adults, because he thought that it was important for children to experience self-discovery based on their bitter struggles in child art; ④ have provided youth with an Art Class for Teenagers without tuition fees and with free textbooks, and to have struggled to manage the art class due to financial aid, which had, in part, been sponsored by a foreign country for thirty five years(1904-1938); furthermore, ⑤ have struggled to fight against numerous contradictions such as the oppositions of critics and financial difficulties, despite his fame and favorable comments by virtue of presenting the international children art exhibition consistently. This research will be able to be used as a primary resource for future art education through reviewing Cizek's creativity.

This study examined the effect of visual art appreciation integrated with expression(integrated art appreciation) upon young children's drawing expression. The pretest-posttest control group design was chosen for the study. Twenty kindergarten children assigned to the experimental group were exposed to a program of integrated appreciation activity for 10 sessions. Another group of 20 kindergarten children were assigned to the control group taught by the traditional art teaching methods. Analysis of Covariance was applied for data analysis. Children in the experimental group showed higher scores in such drawing expressions as line, color, shape, composition, and theme.

본 연구는 토의중심 미술활동이 유아의 그림표현능력과 미술성향에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 G시의 2개 병설유치원 만 5세 유아 41명(실험집단 21명, 비교집단 20명)이다. 토의중심 미술활동은 6주간(2017년 6월 26부터 8월4일까지) 총 15회를 실시하였다. 수집된자료는 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 공변량분석(ANCOVA)을 하였다. 그 결과 그림표현능력과미술성향은 실험집단 유아의 점수가 비교집단 유아에 비해 높았으며, 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 유아가 또래와 상호의견을 나누고 조정하는 토의중심 미술활동이 중요하며, 이러한 토의중심미술활동을 통해 유아의 그림표현능력과 미술성향을 증진시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of discussion?centered art activities onyoung children's drawing expression ability and art disposition, and to provide basic data teachingand learning methods that can be applied effectively to the early childhood education field. Thesubject of the present study were 41 five-years-old children from two classes of A attachedkindergarten in G city, One of them was assigned to an experimental group while the other classwas assigned to a comparative group. The collected data were analyzed by covariance analysis(ANCOVA) using SPSS 21.0 program. The results of the research were as follows. First thepost-test showed that the experimental group's results were statistically higher than thecomparative group's in young children's drawing expression ability and its sub-areas such asappropriateness of content, detailed description, originality, appropriateness of materials and toolsand harmonious screen composition. Second, the post-test showed that the experimental group'sresults were statistically higher than the comparative group's in young children's art dispositionand its sub-areas such as art composition ability, art expression ability, and artistic attitude. Consequently, the discussion-centered art activities were effective methods in the children'sdrawing expression ability and art disposition.

본 연구의 목적은 만 4세 유아 15명을 대상으로 퍼포먼스 미술 프로그램이 유아의 창의성 및 그리기 표현력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 총 12회기의 퍼포먼스 미술 프로그램을 계획하였으며, 실험처치는 퍼포먼스 미술 전문가에 의해 7~8명의 소그룹을 나누어 주 2회씩 12회 실행되었다. 연구 결과, 퍼포먼스 미술 프로그램은 창의성 전체와 하위요인 중 ‘유창성’, ‘독창성’, ‘정교성’ 향상에 도움을 주었을 뿐만 아니라 그리기 표현력 전체와 하위요인 중 ‘다양한 색체의 사용’, ‘세부적 묘사’, ‘조화로운 구성’, ‘표상된 창의성’, ‘그림의 완성도’ 향상에 도움을 준 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 퍼포먼스 미술 프로그램이 유아의 창의성과 그리기 표현력 신장에 긍정적인 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 효과적인 프로그램임을 시사한다.

The purpose of this study was to explore how a Performance art activity program affected to young children’s creativity and drawing expression ability toward 15 children of 4 years old. 12 sessions of performance art activity program were organized for it, and the experimental treatment was divided into seven or eight small groups and executed 12 times of two times per week by a performance art activity program expert. The performance art activity program was analyzed and the result showed that it helped to improve creativity and sub-factors in parts of ‘fluency’, ‘originality’, ‘preciseness’ and also drawing expression ability and sub-factors in parts of ‘use of color’, ‘detailed description’, ‘harmonious configuration’, ‘creative representation’, ‘completion of pictures’. This result indicates that the performance art activity program gives positive effects upon young children’s creativity and drawing expression ability and also is an effective program.