Earticle

Japan has experienced a rapid increase in the number of the geriatric population in the past few decades. This has raised the necessity for healthcare resources, making IoT applied in elderly care a huge trend in the country. The application of IoT in the field has made a huge contribution to tackling the problem, however, previous studies and current IoT applications regarding the topic fail to consider another arising issue --elderly-to-elderly care. Elderly-to-elderly care is the condition in which a caregiver is also a senior person due to the decrease of the younger population in the country. The paper evaluates prevailing systems and reexamines studies conducted on the subject in the past. Based on the research, this paper proposes an elderly monitoring system architecture for developing IoT applications in elderly care satisfactory of the condition.

This paper presents the design and implementation of a web-based system for real-time monitoring of underground pipeline conditions. The system utilizes sensor data from smart pipes, which are embedded with optical, potential, and ultrasonic sensors to detect anomalies in the pipeline infrastructure. By integrating sensor data with geographical mapping, the system provides comprehensive insights into the condition of underground pipelines, enabling effective maintenance and preventive actions. Key features include data visualization in the form of charts and a map-based interface that highlights the location of sensor-equipped pipelines.

주얼리 기업의 경영에 있어 4차 산업과 디자인권의 인식을 알아보고 이를 우리나라 주얼리 산업에 접목함으로서 시대 흐름에 맞는 활용 방안을 제안하기 위해 현재 우리나라 주얼리 산업 현황과 디자인권 실태에 대해 조사하였다. 이론적 배경을 바탕으로 가설을 설정하고 설정된 가설을 중심으로 주얼리 산업 종사자들을 대상으로 4차산업과 디자인권, 경영 마인드, 경영의도에 대해 설문 후 분석하였다. 분석 결과 현재 주얼리 산업에 종사중인 직업과 향후 희망 직업 모두 디자인이 가장 높은 비율로 나타나 우리나라 주얼리 산업은 디자인에 대한 중요도가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 경영 마인드와 주얼리 산업 경영의 중요요소, 경영 성공 전략으로 모두 디자인이 1순위인 반면, 기술은 마케팅, 자본, 인맥의 요인들 보다 다소 낮은 비중을 차지함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 시대흐름에 맞는 주얼리 산업의 발전을 도모하기 위해 4차 산업 기술의 적극적인 도입과 디자인권을 함께 운용할 수 있는 융합적 경영 사고가 필요하다.

In order to suggest the utilization measures suitable of the 4th industry and design right in the management of jewelry company and also applying it to Korean jewelry industry, Also, the current status of Korean jewelry industry and design right was researched. Based on the theoretical background, the hypotheses were set up. After conducting a survey on the 4th industry, design right, management mind, and management intention targeting jewelry industry workers focusing on the set-up hypotheses. In the results The job currently working for in the jewelry industry and the job desired in the future were the design with the highest ratio, so that the importance of design was high in Korean jewelry industry. Also, design was the first priority of management mind, important elements of jewelry industry management, and successful management strategy while technology showed a bit less importance than factors of marketing, capital, and personal connections.

본 연구는 디지털 플랫폼 환경에서 영상 경험이 조직되는 구조적 전환을 분석한다. 알고리즘 추천을 단순한 선택 보조 기능이 아니라, 접근 조건과 평가 조건을 동일한 계산 회로 안에서 결합하는 ‘경험 조직 장치’로 재정의한다. 플랫폼 이전의 영상 경험이 ‘발생–해석–평가’의 선형 구조였다면, 알고리즘 환경에서는 ‘노출–반응–집계–재노출’의 순환 구조가 형성되며 감각·시간·판단·가치가 통합적으로 재조정된다. 감각은 반응 변수로, 시간은 체류 지표로, 판단은 학습 신호로, 가치는 참여 강도로 환산되고, 지표화된 반응은 다시 가시성 배분을 통해 경험 조건으로 환류된다. 본 연구는 이를 ‘운영되는 경험’으로 개념화하며, 윤리와 정치가 콘텐츠의 내용이 아니라 경험 조건의 설계 차원에서 발생함을 제시한다.

This study analyzes the structural transformation of audiovisual experience in digital platform environments. It reconceptualizes algorithmic recommendation as an apparatus that integrates access and evaluation within a single computational circuit. Replacing the linear model of “occurrence?interpretation?evaluation,” platforms generate a circular process of “exposure?response?aggregation?re-exposure,” in which sensation, time, judgment, and value are recalibrated as measurable variables. Conceptualized as “operationalized experience,” this shift relocates ethics and politics from the level of content to the design of experiential conditions.

전 세계적으로 화석에너지가 고갈되어가고 있으며 1997년 교토의정서가 발효되고, 건물에너지 효율등급, 에너지소비 총량제 등의 정부정책이 시행됨에 따라 신재생에너지 설치가 중요시 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내의 지역별 지열 도입현황을 파악하고, 신재생에너지중 지열의 핵심 요소인 지중열 교환기, 그 중에서도 현재 건축물에 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 수직밀폐형 지중열 교환기의 여러 설계 변수와 보어홀(천공) 깊이 간 상관관계를 파악하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 GLHEPRO와 EnergyPlus를 이용해 지중열교환기의 여러 설계 변수를 적용하여 길이의 변화와 최대에너지 생산량의 변화를 고찰하였으며, 지중열교환기의 길이에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변수로는 파이프 관경, 파이프와 보어홀벽과의 간격, 지중열전도도를 들 수 있으며, 이 변수 들은 최대 냉난방에너지 생산량에도 타 변수에 비해 큰 영향을 미쳤다.

Geothermal energy is a good alternative heat source system for building among various renewable energy, because of its stable energy production. But it is very important to decide appropriate borehole depth satisfying building heating/cooling loads and economical feasibility. The purposes of this study were to analyze the design variable conditions of vertical closed loop ground heat exchanger and calculate the borehole depth using GLHEPRO. The key elements of geothermal vertical closed loop ground heat exchanger were ground thermal conductivity, pipe diameter, grout, arrangement, pipe spacing. The results of this study were as follows; The borehole depth decreased for ground thermal conductivity increase, decreased for pipe diameter increase. The Energyplus simulation results of peak geothermal heat exchange were also various with borehole design input conditions.

사회경제의 부단한 진보와 발전에 따라 상품 포장의 중요성은 나날이 현저해지고 있으며, 그것은 이미 사업 자와 소비자 사이의 중요한 의사소통 형식이 되어, 사업자 간의 중요한 경쟁 수단이 되었다. 이 논문의 연구범위는: 우선 문헌 조사를 통해 포장설계의 기능과 소비자의 구매 태도를 분석하고 일반 초콜릿 포장과 여행기념품 초콜릿 포장을 대상으로 이름, 색상, 로고, 일러스트 등을 분석·연구했다. 연구방법은: 설문 조사를 통해 패키지 디자인에 대한 소비자의 구매 태도 및 개인의 가치 구현에 따라 소비자의 구매 여력과 패키지 디자인이 구매 조건에 미치는 영향과 연구를 심층적으로 살펴봤다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 일반 초콜릿 포장과 여행기념품 초콜릿 포장부터 소비자 소비 현상까지 보면 일반 초콜릿이 더 선호된다. 둘째, 소비자가 제품을 구매할 때 초콜릿의 맛은 제품 패키지 디자 인보다 중요한 속성이다. 셋째, 각 제품군에서 소비자들은 초콜릿 제품을 살 때 자신의 지향적인 가치를 중시한다. 넷째, 패키지 디자인과 맛이라는 두 가지 중요한 속성 아래 일반 초콜릿은 여행기념품 초콜릿보다 구매 의도가 높다.

With the continuous progress and development of the social economy, the importance of commodity packaging is increasingly manifested. It has become an important form of communication between businesses and consumers, and an important means of competition between businesses. The research scope of the thesis: First, through literature investigation, analyze the function of packaging design and consumers' buying attitude, and analyze the name, color, logo, illustration, etc. for general chocolate packaging and travel souvenir chocolate packaging. Research method: Through questionnaire survey, according to consumers' purchasing attitude and personal value of package design, we have in-depth understanding of consumers' purchasing power and package design's influence on purchasing conditions and research. According to the results of this study, first, from the perspective of general chocolate packaging and travel souvenir chocolate packaging to consumer consumption phenomena, general chocolate is more popular. Second, when consumers buy products, the taste of chocolate is more important than product packaging design. Third, in each product group, consumers value their own value when buying chocolate products. Fourth, due to the two important attributes of packaging design and taste, ordinary chocolate has a higher purchase intention than travel souvenir chocolate.

The purpose of this study was to establish the optimum experimental conditions by investigating the relationship between the nine experimental conditions using Taguchi technique. Through experiments, we found that the weight, thickness, and length of the sample were most affected by the angle at which the sample was installed, while the width had the largest influence on the sample's x-axis and the inner diameter. It was confirmed. Therefore, through this experiment, it was confirmed that the installation angle of the product had the greatest influence on the error occurrence of the product during 3D printer processing.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the actual living conditions such as spatial use and needs of one person households by college students for unit modular housing design with box type units of one-room and Gosiwon. A field study and focus group interview were used to analyze and classify the general characteristics, the spatial use and preference for unit modular housing design. The results were as follows: firstly, the housing units types such as one-room and Gosiwon were divided into 6 categories; bedroom+bath+open kitchen type, bedroom+bath+divided kitchen+balcony, bedroom+bath, bedroom, bedroom+bath+open kitchen+balcony, bedroom+bath+balcony in order. Secondly, the major problems of housing units were shortage of space and closet, the cooking smells of indoors by unit planning of bedroom+open kitchen types and bed ventilation system without balcony, etc. Thirdly, it was found that the bedroom+bath+divided kitchen type was highly preferred in unit housing types for one person household. Based on the result, this study will provide a desirable direction for the unit modular design as affordable housing to college students with resonable space planning and living conditions.

The administrative institutions of Korean government do not have a capacity to resolve the variety of public conflicts so that they tend to make easily worsening and take long period of time to the end. This paper finds the reasons of the lack of administrative institutions to deal with public disputes of the rigidity or closeness of them. Acemoglu and Robinson (2012) suggest that the prosperity or poverty of a nations depends on the inclusiveness of political institution and economic institutions. This paper would like to take their perspective of the inclusiveness of institutions that allows and motivate people to reveal their desires or voices. Many nations of the world in the 21st century have faced serious social problems of income inequality, unemployment, poverty, lacks of water and energy, financial instability, and restructuring that may put their people and society into conflicts. However, the governments have not played their expected roles to solve them so they have ever faced deep distrust from people. The government of Korean is no exception. The rigidity of the administrative institutions have not allowed the desires of stakeholders to participate in policy decisions. This paper suggests several conditions or factors to develop or design inclusive administrative institutions that may able to internalize public conflicts. Inclusive administrative institutions may have the following characteristics in their processes of citizens as partners, consensus building efforts, conceptual planning phases, deliberations and argumentation, joint-fact findings and interpretations, bureaucrats as process designer and managers, and trust building efforts.

In this study, we intended to increase mass production of Bacillus subtilis through medium optimization by statistical experimental method. For the seed culture of B. subtilis, tryptic soy broth and 15 hours were selected as the basic medium and inoculum age respectively. Final dry cell weight and protease contents of B. subtilis by basic production medium were 1.8 g/L and 0.04 U/mL, respectively. First, maltose, yeast extract and potassium phosphate dibasic were selected as carbon and nutrient sources for mass production of B. subtilis by using one factor at a time method. And then Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to determine the key factors which are critical to produce the biological products and to culture the cell by fermentation. According to the result of Plackett-Burman experimental design, key factors were selected yeast extract and Na2CO3. to obtain the optimum concentrations of two selected variables the response surface methodology was performed . The optimized medium composition found consisted of 20 g/L maltose, 18.5 g/L yeast extract, 2 g/L K2HPO4, 0.36 g/L Na2CO3, 0.4g/L MgSO4 and 0.01g/L CaCl2. Dry cell weight (22.3 g/L) by optimum production medium were increased 12 times, as compared to those determined with basic production medium. Fermentation conditions were examined for the mass production of B. subtilis. The effect of temperature, agitation speed, pH and aeration rate on the mass production of B. subtilis were also observed in a batch fermenter which was carried out in a 2.5 L bioreactor with a working volume of 1.5 L containing optimized production medium. As a result, Dry cell weight of batch culture was 83.8 g/L at 37℃, 300 rpm, pH 7.0 and 3 vvm.

In this study, we intended to increase mass production of Bacillus subtilis SCD121067 through medium optimization by statistical experimental method. For the seed culture of B. subtilis SCD121067, tryptic soy broth and 15 hours were selected as the basic medium and inoculum age respectively. Final dry cell weight of B. subtilis SCD121067 by basic production medium was 1.56 g/L. First, galactose, yeast extract and potassium phosphate dibasic were selected as carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources for mass production of B. subtilis SCD121067 by using one factor at a time method. Second, Plackett-Burman experimental design was used to determine the key factors which are critical to maximizing culture the cell mass by fermentation. According to the result of Plackett-Burman experimental design, key factors was yeast extract and K2HPO. Finally, the response surface methodology was performed to obtain the optimum concentrations of two selected variables. The optimized medium composition was consisted of 20 g/L galactose, 36 g/L yeast extract, 0.41 g/L K2HPO4, 0.25 g/L Na2CO3, 0.4g/L MgSO4 and 0.01g/L CaCl2. Dry cell weight (15.4 g/L) by optimum production medium were increased 10 times, as compared to these determined with basic production medium. Fermentation conditions were examined for the mass production of B. subtilis. The effect of temperature, agitation speed, pH and aeration rate on the mass production of B. subtilis were also studied in a batch fermenter which was carried out in a 2.5 L bioreactor with a working volume of 1.5 L containing optimized production medium.

This study was conducted in order to elucidate the optimum conditions for the extraction of clove that can be used to elicit antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans using the evolutionary operation (EVOP)-factorial design technique. Higher antibacterial activity was achieved in a higher extraction temperature of 80oC (r=0.7983**) and in a longer extraction time of 26 hr (r=0.6867*). Antibacterial activity was not effected by differentiation of ethanol concentration in the extraction solvent (r= −0.0683). The maximum antibacterial activity of clove against S. mutans as determined by the EVOPfactorial design technique was obtained at an extraction temperature of 80oC, an extraction time of 26 hr and a 50% ethanol concentration. Furthermore, the population of S. mutans decreased from an initial concentration of 6.850 to 4.195 log CFU/mL in the third set that is more than 2.6 log cycles by EVOP-factorial design technique.

In this work, mass production of Bacillus licheniformis SCD121067 through medium optimization by statistical experimental method was studied. First, galactose, yeast extract and potassium phosphate dibasic were selected as carbon, nitrogen and phosphate sources for mass production of B. licheniformis SCD121067 by using one factor at a time method. Second, according to the result of Plackett-Burman experimental design, key factors was yeast extract and K2HPO. Finally, the response surface methodology was performed to obtain the optimum concentrations of two selected variables. The optimized medium composition consisted of 20 g/L galactose, 36 g/L yeast extract, 0.41 g/L K2HPO4, 0.25 g/L Na2CO3, 0.4g/L MgSO4 and 0.01g/L CaCl2. Dry cell weight (15.4 g/L) by optimum production medium were increased 10 times, as compared to that determined with basic production medium (1.5 g/L). Fermentation conditions were examined for the mass production of B. licheniformis. The effect of temperature, agitation speed, pH and aeration rate on the mass production of B. licheniformis were also studied in a batch fermenter which was carried out in a 2.5 L bioreactor with a working volume of 1.5 L containing optimized production medium. As a result, dry cell weight of batch culture was 30.7 g/L at 42℃, 300 rpm, pH 8.0 and 2 vvm.

Energy acquisition due to the increase of oil price is one of the most important issues and policy for most countries. Various tankers have been built in the world and sent to the trade market. It is necessary to build the port infrastructure and facilities to give them proper services such as mooring, packing, storing, and transshipment, etc. However, the domestic guidelines or standards for design and construction for the dolphin berth among these facilities are out of date and do not meet the recent trend of tanker types. Therefore, it requires amendment on the guidelines or standards. In this study, a detailed analysis of the tanker fleet, covering 8,000 ships under operation and order to build, is made to estimate the proper PBL(Parallel Body Length) of each tanker class. After discussion and comparison on the dolphin berth design and construction codes of various countries, those are the leading countries of tanker operation and management, suggestion was made to amend on the design code. The referred codes are of Korea, Japan, UK, USA, and Canada. The analysis of tanker fleet shows the PBL as 0.45L under the normal ballast condition. In order to verify the deduced amendment on the domestic design code for dolphin berth, it was selected one of the domestic dolphin berth, located at the Yeosu oil terminal, which is almost completed to construct. The design criteria and expected tankers to moor in that terminal were analyzed and the appropriateness and countermeasure for deficiency were summarized.

By defining a power distribution ratio (PDR) and coupling efficiency (CE) amenable to the rigorous analytical solutions of newly developed rigorous modal transmission-line theory (MTLT), we explicitly analyze the power coupling characteristics of TE modes propagating in GADCs. The numerical results reveal that the incident power is optimally coupled into the desired guiding channel if the powers of rigorous modes excited at the input boundary of grating-assisted coupler are equally partitioned.