Earticle

이 연구는 20대 남성 12명을 대상으로 60%1RM 벤치프레스 5Set 운동 시 수행속도에 따른 반복횟수, 운동량, 운동지속시간 및 지연성근통증에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 비교 분석하고자 하였으며, 측정된 자료를 반복측정 이원변량분 석으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 반복횟수는 운동 수행속도에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, Fast Tempo(1/0/1/0)에서 높게 나타났다. 시기에 따라서도 유의한 차이가 나타났다. Fast Tempo 및 Slow Tempo (3/0/3/0) 모두 세트가 진행됨에 따라 감소하였다. 둘째, 운동량은 운동 수행속도에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, Fast Tempo에서 높게 나타났고, 시기에 따라서도 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, Fast Tempo 및 Slow Tempo 모두 세트 가 진행됨에 따라 감소하였다. 셋째, 운동 수행속도에 따른 운동지속시간은 Fast Tempo에서 낮게 나타났으며, Fast Tempo에서는 1-2세트, Slow Tempo에서는 1-3세트에서 감소하였다. 넷째, 지연성근통증은 속도에 따라 48시간 후 유의한 차이가 나타났으며, 시기에 따라 유의한 차이가 나타났고, 두 조건 모두 점차 감소하였다. 이와 같은 결과는 효과적 인 운동 프로그램 설계 시 적정 운동량 제시에 있어 수행속도가 고려되어야 할 것으로 보이며, 추후 수축 구간의 운동속도 간 다양한 조합에 따른 운동량 및 반복횟수의 변화를 규명하는 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

In this study, the number of repetitions, volume, exercise duration and delayed onset muscle soreness according to tempo during 60% 1RM bench press 5 sets were conducted on 12 men in their 20s. The results of analyzing the measured data using the repeated measures two-way ANOVA analysis of variance method are as follows. First, there was a significant difference in the number of repetitions depending on the exercise tempo, and it was high in fast tempo (1/0/1/0), and a significant difference was also found depending on the period. Both fast tempo and slow tempo (3/0/3/0) decreased as the set progressed. Second, there was a significant difference in the volume of exercise depending on the tempo of exercise, and it was high in fast tempo, and there was a significant difference depending on the period, and both fast tempo and slow tempo decreased as the set progressed. Third, exercise duration according to exercise tempo appeared low in fast tempo, and decreased in 1-2 sets in fast tempo and 1-3 sets in slow tempo. Fourth, there was a significant difference in delayed onset muscle soreness after 48 hours depending on the tempo. A significant difference appeared depending on the period, and both conditions gradually decreased. These results indicate that tempo should be considered when suggesting an appropriate amount of exercise when designing an effective exercise program, and future research will be needed to identify changes in the volume of exercise and number of repetitions according to various combinations of exercise tempo in the contraction section.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how compression gar-ments, applied after eccentric exercise, can affect delayed onset mus-cle soreness (DOMS) and inflammatory markers. Sixteen healthy male university students enrolled in this study and were randomly assigned to either the compression garment group (CG, n=8) or control group (CON, n=8). All participants performed two sets of eccentric exercise using elbow flexor with 25 repetitions per set on a modified preacher curl machine. Maximal isometric strength was measured before exer-cise and immediately, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr after eccentric exercise. Muscle soreness was measured before exercise and 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr after eccentric exercise. Creatine kinase (CK) activity and tumor ne-crosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels were also measured before exercise and 3, 6, 24, and 48 hr after exercise. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. The CG group reported faster recovery of maximal isometric strength following exercise (P<0.001) and lower muscle soreness during the recovery period than the control group (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in either CK activity or TNF-α levels between the two groups (P>0.05). In conclu-sion, wearing compression garments during the postexercise period can be an effective way to reduce DOMS and accelerate the recovery of muscle function.

This review is focused on the effect of nutritional intervention on de-layed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) that occurs after exercise. In general, high force eccentric contractions and/or unaccustomed exer-cise result in DOMS attributed to reduction in performance such as muscle strength and range of motion (ROM) for both athletes and non-athletes. Nutritional intervention is one of the preventive or thera-peutic ways to reduce DOMS. Previous research studies have suggest-ed the following nutrition intervention: caffeine, omega-3 fatty acids, taurine, polyphenols, and so on. Nutritional intervention with these nu-trients before and after exercise was reported to be effective in reduc-ing DOMS. These nutritional interventions have also been reported to affect inflammatory responses and oxidative stress leading to DOMS reduction. However, other studies have reported that these nutritional interventions have no effect on DOMS. It is suggested that intake of proper nutrition intervention can effectively reduce DOMS after exer-cise and quickly help an athlete return to exercise or training program. In addition, nutritional intervention may help both athletes and non-ath-letes who engage in physical therapy or rehabilitative programs after surgery or any injurious events.

본 연구는 침술 적용이 지연성근통증에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실시하였다. 20대 남자 대학생 16명을 대 상으로 침술적용군(AG)과 정적스트레칭(SSG)으로 임의 배정하였다. 지연성근통증을 유발한 후 24시간, 48시간, 72 시간, 96시간 마다 중재 적용 후 관절가동범위, 고유수용성감각, 등속성근력, 자각적통증지수(VAS)를 측정하였다. 결 과는 관절가동범위, 등속성근력은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 자각적통증지수에서 72시간(p=.010)과 96시간(p=.010) 의 통증수준에서 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 능동관절위치감각의 72시간(p=.043)과 96시간(p=.007), 수동 관절위치감각의 96시간(p=.001)에서 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 지연성근통증이 발생했을 때 침술의 적용이 스트레칭 의 적용보다 통증감소와 고유수용성감각 회복에 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of acupuncture on DOMS(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness). 16 male college students in their 20s were randomly assigned to two groups, acupuncture group (AG) and static stretch group (SSG). The range of motion of elbow joint, proprioception of elbow joint(AJPS, PJPS), isokinetic strength, and visual analogue scale(VAS) were measured at pre and 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h after causing delayed muscle pain. The results showed no significant differences in range of motion and isokinetic strength. The proprioception was significantly less at 72h(p=.010) and 96h(p=.010) in the AG compared to SSG. The AJPS was significantly decrease at 72h(p=.043) and 96h(p=.007) and PJPS was significantly decrease at 96h(p=.001) in the AG compared to SSG. With this results, delayed onset muscle soreness occurs, application of acupuncture is considered more effective than passive stretching for reducing pain and recovering proprioception.

본 연구의 목적은 20~30대 남성을 대상으로 지연성 근통증 유발 프로그램 후 크라이오테라피에 적용이 혈중 젖산 과 암모니아와 같은 피로물질, 젖산탈수소효소와 크레아틴키나아제와 같은 근손상지표, 그리고 통증에 미치는 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 연구대상자는 20~30대 남성으로 18명의 대상자를 크라이오테라피를 적용하는 실험군(EG, n=9), 그리고 적용하지 않는 대조군(CG, n=9)으로 무작위 대조방법을 통해 할당하였다. 모든 연구 대상자들은 실험실에 도착 해 DOMS 유발 프로그램을 시행하였으며, 프로그램 시행 후 EG는 3분간 크라이오테라피를 적용하였다. 연구의 1차 결과 는 혈액변인으로 젖산, 암모니아, 젖산탈수소효소, 그리고 크레아틴키나아제를 평가하였고 2차 결과로 통각계를 통해 통증을 평가하였다. 연구 결과는 젖산과 암모니아에서 상호작용 효과를 확인하였고 젖산탈수소효소와 통증은 CG에서 증가한 반면 EG에서는 억제되는 것을 확인하였다. 결론적으로 지연성 근통증을 유발하는 운동 후 크라이오테라피의 적용 은 젖산, 암모니아, 그리고 젖산탈수소효소의 증가를 억제하며, 통증을 개선하는 것을 본 연구를 통해 증명하였다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cryotherapy on men in their 20s and 30s after a delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) induced program on fatigue substances such as lactic acid and ammonia in the blood, muscle damage indicators such as lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase(CK), and pain. The study participants were males in their 20s and 30s, and 18 parti0cipants were randomly assigned to the experimental group(EG, n=9) to which cryotherapy was applied and the control group to which it was not applied (CG, n=9) through a randomized control method. All study participants arrived at the laboratory and were performed to a DOMS induction program. After the program, EG applied cryotherapy for 3 minutes. The primary outcome of the study was the evaluation of lactate, ammonia, LDH, and CK as blood variables, and the secondary outcome was the evaluation of pain through a digital algometer. The results of the study confirmed the interaction effect of lactic acid and ammonia, and it was confirmed that LDH and pain were increased in CG while suppressed in EG. In conclusion, this study proved that the application of cryotherapy after exercise that induces DOMS inhibits the increase in lactate, ammonia, and lactate dehydrogenase, and improves pain.

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of modality and exercise therapy on delayed onset muscle soreness. Method: Subjects were assigned to 18 male and female(ultrasound group: 6 , stretching : 6, control group : 6) at random. Ultrasound was treated insertion of quadriceps frequency: 1MHz, Strength: 1.5 / ㎠, Time: 10 minutes. Stretching, active stretching, was repeated total 10 times and 30 seconds in duration on hip flexion which is opposite effect of quadriceps and knee flexion in a prone position. All of data calculated average and standard deviation and analyzed to investigate the effects within ultrasound therapy and stretching group using repeat measured ANOVA, one-way ANOVA and LSD. Result : Ultrasound and stretching group was not represented to statistically significant difference between groups. Conclusion : Ultrasound group showed that the effects on MMT, PPT, ROM, VAS in differences in group by time interaction but ultrasound and stretching group was not represented to statistically significant difference between groups.

The purpose of the study was investigate the effect of cool-down and warm-up on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). 20 healthy male and female student were participated in the study. They were randomly assigned to 4 groups; 1) a control group{n = 5), 2) warm-up group(n = 5) , 3) cool-down group{n = 5), 4) combined group that received warm-up and cool-down. To induce the DOMS at elbow flexor groups of non-dominant arm, they performed eccentric contraction exercises by isokinetic machine(KIN-KOM). The girth of upper arm was measured at the just before, just after exercise, after 24 hr, after 48 hr, after 72 hr, after 96 hr. At the highest point of upper arm, the girth was measured by a tapeline. Muscle soreness level was evaluated at same as above intervals by visual analog scale(VAS). There were significant difference of VAS between groups{P< 0.05). There were no significant difference of upper arm girth between group(P> 0.05). There were no effect of warm-up and cool-down exercise on DOMS and girth.

본 연구는 침술과 스포츠 크림의 적용이 지연성근통증에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 실시하였다. 20대 남자 대학생 24명을 대상으로 침술적용군(AG), 스포츠크림군(SCG), 정적스트레칭군(SSG)으로 임의 배정하였다. 지연성 근통증을 유발한 후 24시간, 48시간, 72시간, 96시간 마다 중재 적용 후 관절가동범위, 고유수용성감각, 등속성근력, 자각적통증지수(VAS)를 측정하였다. 결과는 관절가동범위, 고유수용성감각, 자각적통증지수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 등속성 근력에서 스포츠크림군이 48h에서 침술군 보다 유의하게 높고(p=.040), 96h에서 정적스트레칭군 보다 유의하 게 높은 근지구력을 나타냈다(p=.040).

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of acupuncture and sports cream on the mitigation DOMS(Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness). 24 male college students in their 20s were randomly assigned to three groups, acupuncture group(AG), sports cream group(SCG), static stretch group (SSG). The range of motion of elbow joint, proprioception of elbow joint(AJPS, PJPS), isokinetic strength, and visual analogue scale(VAS) were measured at pre and 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h after causing delayed muscle pain. The results showed no significant differences in ROM, proprioception, muscle pain(VAS). At post-exercse 48H, the sports cream group was significantly higher than the acupuncture group (p=.040), at post-exercise 96h, a significantly higher muscle endurance than the static stretch group (p=.040).

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 지연성근육통 유발 후 수동적 스트레칭의 효과를 확인하고 부상 시 효과적인 통증 완화 및 예방을 위한 재활 운동프로그램을 제안하고자 한다. 연구대상자는 20대 남자 대학생을 대상으로 수동적 스트레칭 그룹과 통제그룹으로 구분하였다. 수동적 스트레칭 그룹은 지연성근육통 유발 후 수동적 스트레칭을 실시하였으며 통제그 룹은 지연성근육통 유발 후 어떠한 처치도 실시하지 않았다. 지연성근육통 유발 방법은 벤치 스텝 운동을 통하여 유발하였 으며, 스텝박스의 높이는 50cm이며, 착지 시 왼쪽 하지 쪽으로 착지하도록 하였다. 측정변인은 혈중피로물질과 주관적 통증 척도를 알아보았으며 자료처리는 수동적 스트레칭 그룹과 통제그룹의 비교를 위하여 2-way RGRM ANOVA를 실시하였다. 결론적으로 지연성근육통 유발 후 수동적 스트레칭이 혈중피로물질(CRP, LDH)과 주관적 통증척도(VAS)에 긍정적 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study was to prove the effect of passive stretching after delayed muscular pain induction in university students and to propose a rehabilitation exercise program for effective pain relief and prevention in case of injury. Subjects were divided into passive stretching group and control group. Passive stretching group was performed passive stretching after delayed muscular pain induction and control group did not perform any treatment after delayed muscular pain induction. The delayed muscular pain induction method was induced by bench step motion. The height of the step box was 50cm. The data were analyzed by two-way RGRM ANOVA for comparison of passive stretching group and control group. In conclusion, passive stretching after delayed myalgia has a positive effect on blood fatigue (CRP, LDH) and subjective pain scale(VAS).

The purpose of this study, regular exercise in university students who have no experience artificially induced delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) was induced to static stretch after the recovery period depending on the water to examine the effect of DOMS. Subjects were 19 students enrolled at the University of 0 (control group : 6, ground group : 6, water group : 7) were assigned priority. To induce DOMS include a workout bench stepping were used for the height of 50cm box. Stretching after 24 hours in the water, and ground forces , after 72 hours, 120 hours were conducted. Gwangju S pool in the aquatic group of 2rc, such as ground water exercise was applied by flooding the quadriceps stretch. DOMS-causing ago, Muscle pain scale(MPS), Pressure pain thresholds(PPT) , Range of motion(ROM) flexion, extension, Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), Creatin phosphokinase(CPK) was measured. These esults Group 111 were significantly than effective Group 1 and Group 11 than the MPS, PPT, ROM, CPK. Therefore, Through this study, aquatic stretching exercise greater effect on the recovery of fatigue and greater recovery was found to affect.

본 연구의 목적은 지연성근육통의 통증 변화가 자율신경계와 뇌파에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 지연성 근육통이 유발된 28명을 대조군(n=14)과 실험군(경피신경자극과 키네시오테이핑 적용, n=14)으로 구분하였다. 중재는 지연성근육통 유발 1일 후부터 5일 동안 실시하였다. 평가는 VAS(visual analog scale), 심박변이, 뇌파를 사용하여 지연성근육통 유발 전, 유발 24시간 후, 5일 치료 후, 치료 중단 3일 후에 측정하였다. 실험 결과 지연성근육통이 발생 하면 교감신경계의 활성 증가 또는 부교감신경계 활성 억제가 되며, 중재로 인한 통증 감소는 반대의 활동이 나타났다. 통증 발생 시 alpha파의 감소가 나타났으나 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과 통증 변화는 자율신경계와 뇌파에 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 통증 관리와 치료 전략 개발 및 연구에 도움이 될 것이다.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of changes in pain on the autonomic nervous system and brain waves after inducing delayed-onset muscle soreness(DOMS). Based on voluntary participation, 28 participants with induced-DOMS were randomly divided into control(non-treatment, n=14) and experiment groups(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and kinesio taping, n=14). Intervention was performed from first day to fifth days after the onset of DOMS. Measurements were performed using the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS), Heart Rate Variability(HRV), and brain wave before DOMS induction, 24 hours after, fifth day after, and eighth day after. According to the study results, when DOMS occurred, the activity of the sympathetic nervous system was increased or the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system was suppressed, and reduction of pain due to interventions showed the opposite activity. A decreased in alpha was seen during pain, but was not significant. These results will help develop and study pain management and treatment strategies.

This study aimed to examine changes in pain over time through quantitative sensory testing (QST) when delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) was artificially induced on the non-dominant biceps brachii. Thirty-three healthy males to whom DOMS was induced through eccentric exercise among those who participated in this study were randomly assigned to group 1 (sham taping, n=17) and group II (kinesio taping, n=16). Kinesio taping was applied in the same driving direction as that of muscle fibers. QST was measured at four time points (prior to DOMS induction, 24 hours after DOMS induction, 48 hours after DOMS induction, and 72 hours after DOMS induction) and there were significant differences in cold pain threshold (CPT), warm pain threshold (WPT), and cold sensation threshold (CST) 24 hours after DOMS induction (p<0.05) and 48 hours after DOMS induction (p<0.05) compared to prior to DOMS induction. The threshold values of group II to whom kinesio taping was applied did not significantly differ between prior to DOMS induction and 72 hours after DOMS induction (p>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in CST and WST between the two groups 72 hours or after the intervention (p>0.05). Visual analogue scale (VAS) that represents subjective pain degree according to time of measurement was measured; VAS started to increase 24 hours after DOMS induction and became largest 48 hours after DOMS induction. Pain statistically significantly decreased 72 hours after DOMS induction relative to 24 hours after DOMS induction (p<0.05). The effects of Kinesio taping on decrease in DOMS according to measured time were examined through QST and its usefulness was verified.

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), also called muscle fever, is the pain and stiffness felt in muscles several hours to days after unaccustomed and/or strenuous exercise. After strong exercise, the muscle adapts rapidly to prevent muscle damage, and thereby DOMS, in repeated bout. While, myofascia release and massage are forms of soft tissue therapy used to treat somatic dysfunction and accompanying pain and restriction of motion. This is accomplished by relaxing contracted muscles, increasing circulation, increasing venous and lymphatic drainage, and stimulating the stretch reflex of muscles and overlying fascia. In this work, the effects of myofascia massage on the reduction of myalgia and muscle relaxation, and recovery of DOMS of lower body have been examined using algometer and myotomometer analyses. Ten young male patients were participated in the study to analyze the difference of muscle tension and blood constituents after the massage treatment was applied. Visual analog scale showed the significant difference between control and treated groups (p<0.05). The myalgia decreased a lot after the massage. These data were supported by several assays of blood biomarkers such as cortisol, creatine, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase. All the blood factors concerning DOMS decreased after the massage treatment resulting in the positive aspect of the myofascia massage. In summary the myofascia massage has been considered to show the positive psychological effect on reduction of myalgia and muscle relaxation, and recovery of DOMS of lower body as well.