Earticle

본 연구는 대학교 여학생의 인지적, 심리적 특징을 고려하여 여성 학습자에 특화된 진로 교과목 개 발을 위한 개념적 모형을 개발하는 데에 있다. 이러한 연구를 진행하고자 하는 이유는, 기존의 여학생 별도의 진로 프로그램이 여성의 임파워먼트를 목표로 하고 있음에도 불구하고 여성 학습자 관점의 교 육내용과 교육방법이 무엇인지에 대한 논의 없이 진로와 취업이라는 기능적 측면 중심으로 이루어진 한계를 지니기 때문이다. 이에 본 연구는 여성 교육이론이자 철학인 페미니즘 페다고지를 기저이론으 로 삼고, 여학생 진로 교과목의 구성요소와 교수학습 방법에 대한 설계원리를 도출하고 이를 기반으로 개념적 모형을 구축하였다. 이를 위해, 여성 진로이론 및 진로교육 프로그램의 구성요소에 대한 문헌연 구를 실시하였으며 대학교 여학생 300명을 대상의 요구분석과 통합하여 내용 요소를 도출하는 한편, 페미니즘 페다고지 기반의 교수학습 방법 설계 원리와 세부 전략을 도출하였다. 그 결과, 6개의 교육내용 범주와 10개의 설계원리가 도출되었으며 5개 교육방법에 관한 설계원리와 18개의 실행전략 및 23의 교수학습방법이 도출되었다. 최종 개념모형은 설계원리 중심의 개발연구 방 법을 활용하였으며 개념적 모형에 대한 타당성 확보를 위하여 진로교육 전문가 4인을 대상으로 전문가 검토를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 제안한 대학교 여학생 진로교과목 개발을 위한 개념적 모형은 몰성적 이거나 분절적으로 접근되었던 여학생 진로 프로그램을 페미니즘 페다고지라는 교육철학이자 교육학습 이론을 적용하여 통일성 있는 내용구성과 교수학습방법에 대한 설계원리를 기반으로 여학생에게 특화 된 진로모형이라는데 차별화된 의의가 있다. 본 연구는 향후 젠더 관점의 여학생 진로 교과목 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual model for the development of college female career education course, taking into account the cognitive and psychological characteristics of female students in college. The reason for this research is that, despite the fact that a separate career program for female students aims at women's empowerment, it focuses on the functional aspects of career and employment without discussing the educational content and educational methods from the perspective of female learners. The theoretical framework for the conceptualization of the model was derived from the literature on the concept of feminist pedagogy, the component of women's career theory, career education program, and the content factors and teaching and learning strategies were composed by integrating 300 female college students with the needs analysis. As a result, 6 content categories and 10 design principles were derived, and 5 design principles, 18 implementation strategies, and 23 teaching and learning methods were derived in terms of educational methods. Based on these design principles and implementation strategies, a conceptual model was developed for the development of career courses for female students, and an expert review was conducted for four career education experts to secure the validity of the conceptual model. The conceptual model for the development of college female career courses proposed in this study is to apply the educational philosophy of feminism pedagogy and the educational learning theory to the female career courses that have been approached molarly or segmentally. It is meaningful to have derived and developed a career model specialized for female students. In the future, it can be used as basic data for the development of career courses for girls from a gender perspective.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the concept of the family caregivers’ perceived value of caring for older patients. Methods: The hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim was used to perform the concept analysis of perceived value of caring. Concept analysis was conducted in three phases: the theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and final analysis phase. Results: The perceived value of caring was found to have four dimensions and nine attributes. The providing care dimension consisted of two attributes?care behavior and care attitude?and the goals and expectation dimension included three attributes?social norms, family norms, and personal norms. The other two dimensions consisted of two attributes each: a belief in usefulness and a belief in meaning in the building beliefs dimension and life expansion and insight into the future in the suffering sublimation dimension. Finally, perceived value of caring can be defined as the personal belief that behavior or attitude of providing physical, mental, and social services to those in need of care is usefulness and important based on one’s goals and criteria, and with the personal effort of sublimating suffering that arises from care. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it is suggested that the use of the perceived value of caring should expand in nursing phenomena.

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to obtain a clearer understanding of spirituality and examine the process of spirituality through defining the meaning and attributes of spirituality. Method. Concept analysis was done in the three phases, theoretical phase, fieldwork phase, and analytical phase suggested in the Hybrid Model. Five people participated in the fieldwork phase. Results. Spirituality is activated through self-awareness which occurs as spirit being activated through self-introspection, and through restoration of the relationship with Supreme Being. This interconnectedness with Supreme Being has an absolute impact on one's harmonious interconnectedness with self and neighbors, thus leads all the critical attributes of spirituality to be revealed. The core energy of this harmonious inter-connectedness is love. When activated, it has a great impact on an individual as integrative energy, leads one to go beyond everyday experience as well as to have new perspectives, and to live a satisfactory life in every aspect. Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that promotion of connectedness is the most important element in spiritual nursing interventions. The results can also be used effectively in developing spirituality assessment scales and theory.

Test scenarios can be derived based on some system models for requirements validation purposes. Model-based test suite reduction aims to provide a smaller set of test scenarios which can preserve the original test coverage with respect to some testing criteria. We are proposing to apply Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) in analyzing the association between a set of test scenarios and a set of transitions specified in a state machine model. By utilizing the properties of concept lattice, we are able to determine incrementally a minimal set of test scenarios with adequate test coverage.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a clear definition of the health literacy for patients with cardiovascular disease by analyzing the dimensions and properties using Hybrid concept analysis. Methods: The concept of health literacy of patients with cardiovascular disease was analyzed according to the cyclic process of theoretical phase-field work phase-final analysis phase presented in the Hybrid model. We reviewed 26 literatures and conducted in-depth interviews with 13 patients with cardiovascular disease. Results: The concept of health literacy in cardiovascular patients is derived from two dimensions and five attributes. Literacy skills, health information search ability and health information utilization skills were derived as attributes in the individual functional dimension, while active communication with the medical team and utilization of health information support resources were derived at the interrelational dimension. It is defined as the individualized and integrated ability of an individual to explore and utilize the various health information needed to make appropriate health decisions during the chronic course after diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, to communicate proactively with medical staffs and to utilize support resources. Conclusion: This study will contribute to the development and related research of health literacy measurement tools that can be used in cardiovascular nursing practice based on the attributes and indicators of health literacy for patients with cardiovascular disease.

Purpose: Although nursing presence is a foundation for professional nursing practice and has known positive outcomes such as patient satisfaction and recovery; it is not well known. The ambiguity surrounding how to define nursing presence has challenged its evaluation and education. Therefore, in an attempt to discover attributes of this underdeveloped concept and studying it in a new context, concept development is essential. The purpose of this study was to clarify the concept of nursing presence through concept development, to produce a tentative definition of this subjective concept in clinical practice. Methods: Concept development was carried out using Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's hybrid model including, theoretical, fieldwork and final analysis phases. First, 29 related articles available on the databases from 1990e2015 were reviewed and analyzed. Then, 22 interviews were conducted with 19 participants, followed with inductive content analysis. At last, an overall definition was performed. Results: Nursing presence can be explained as co-constructed interaction identified by deliberate focus, task-oriented/patient-oriented relationship, accountability, clarification, and ubiquitous participation. Nursing presence requires clinical competence, self-actualization, reciprocating openness, and conducive working environment. Worthwhile communications, balance/recovery, and growth and transcendence are the main consequences of this concept. Conclusion: Co-constructed interaction underscored the value of the nursing presence as an integral component of caring with humanistic and patient-centered approaches. The findings could help clinical nurses have a better understanding of the nursing presence. Findings also can improve educators' and managers' knowledge for developing and conducting appropriate education strategies and caring activities to facilitate the promotion of nursing presence.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to clarify the meaning and the nature of empowerment concept in some Iranian old people suffering from chronic diseases. Methods Concept analysis was undertaken according to the hybrid model, which consists of three phases: an initial theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase and a final analytical phase. After an extensive review of the literature in order to describe the characteristics and definition of the concept, a fieldwork phase followed in order to empirically elucidate the empowerment concept in the Iranian old people with chronic diseases. In the third phase, attributes of empowerment were extracted from the first and second phases. Purposive sampling was done for 13 participants consisted of 7 old people with chronic diseases, 3 family caregivers of elderly adult with chronic disease and 3 health care providers with experience of care with elderly patients with chronic disease. Results The review of literature in theoretical phase determined the attributes of the concept, including “active participation”, “informed change”, “knowledge to problem solve”, “self-care responsibility”, “presence of client competency”, and “control of health or life”. Fieldwork phase determined attributes such as “awareness promotion”, “sense of control”, “the development of personal abilities”, “autonomy”, and “coping”. In the final analytical phase, the critical attributes of old people with chronic diseases were investigated. They included “social participation”, “informed change”, “awareness promotion to problem solve”, “presence of client competency”, and “control of health or life”, “autonomy”, “coping” and “the development of personal abilities”. Conclusion The concept analysis of empowerment showed some of the required conditions for the empowerment of older people with chronic diseases in nursing care, which have not been mentioned in the literature.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clarify the meaning and the nature of empowerment concept in some Iranian old people suffering from chronic diseases. Methods: Concept analysis was undertaken according to the hybrid model, which consists of three phases: an initial theoretical phase, a fieldwork phase and a final analytical phase. After an extensive review of the literature in order to describe the characteristics and definition of the concept, a fieldwork phase followed in order to empirically elucidate the empowerment concept in the Iranian old people with chronic diseases. In the third phase, attributes of empowerment were extracted from the first and second phases. Purposive sampling was done for 13 participants consisted of 7 old people with chronic diseases, 3 family caregivers of elderly adult with chronic disease and 3 health care providers with experience of care with elderly patients with chronic disease. Results: The review of literature in theoretical phase determined the attributes of the concept, including “active participation”, “informed change”, “knowledge to problem solve”, “self-care responsibility”, “presence of client competency”, and “control of health or life”. Fieldwork phase determined attributes such as “awareness promotion”, “sense of control”, “the development of personal abilities”, “autonomy”, and “coping”. In the final analytical phase, the critical attributes of old people with chronic diseases were investigated. They included “social participation”, “informed change”, “awareness promotion to problem solve”, “presence of client competency”, and “control of health or life”, “autonomy”, “coping” and “the development of personal abilities”. Conclusion: The concept analysis of empowerment showed some of the required conditions for the empowerment of older people with chronic diseases in nursing care, which have not been mentioned in the literature.

Purpose: This study identified the attributes and indicators of end-of-life care competency in long-term care hospital nurses and clarified the definition of the concept. Methods: The Competency Outcomes Performance Assessment model was used as a conceptual framework, and conceptual analysis was performed using the hybrid model presented by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim. In the theoretical phase, the attributes of end-of-life care competencies were explored through a literature review. In the fieldwork phase, focus group interview data were analyzed to derive the attributes of nursing competency at the end of life. In the final analysis phase, the attributes and indicators of end-of-life care competency were compared, analyzed, and integrated. Results: The attributes of end-of-life care competency among nurses in long-term care hospitals included comprehensive symptom management, effective communication, situational response, patient-centered care, information provision and education, resource management, demonstrating leadership, and professional development. Conclusion: End-of-life care competency in long-term care hospital nurses can be defined as a comprehensive set of competencies that includes symptom management, situational adaptation, effective communication, resource utilization, leadership, patient-centered care, meeting the needs of patients’ families through adequate information provision and education, and enhancing individual nursing capabilities through professional development. These results can serve as a foundation for developing tools to measure end-of-life care competencies among nurses in long-term care hospitals.

The purpose of this study is to suggest a framework to implement SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) by utilizing the transdisciplinary “crisisonomy” approach with the core system model and the concept of disaster resilience. The transdisciplinary “crisisonomy” consists of social activities which find and apply the solutions to social problems, science and technology innovation activities, and technology knowledge to solve problems. The core system model needs to be prepared through a transdisciplinary approach as follows. First, we must set a common goal as the value that society members agree on. Second, we need to provide implementing organizations with laws and guidelines to achieve the values expressed in vision, strategy and action plan. Third, leadership has to ensure that the efforts to implement the SDGs should be effective. Fourth, the successful implementation of the SDGs requires the devotion of ordinary citizens, practitioners, experts and leaders. Finally, we need the expertise in creating new knowledge for SDGs as well as the expertise in the cooperation of citizens and experts.

본 연구의 목적은 간호대학생의 그릿의 개념을 정의하기 위함이다. 개념 개발을 위해 문헌고찰과 심층면담을 통해 개념을 규명하는 방법인 혼종모형이 사용되었다. 참여자는 한 개의 간호대학에 재학중인 9명의 간호대학생이었다. 본 연구결과 간호대학생의 그릿은 인지, 정서, 행위 세 가지 차원 으로 분류되었고, 간호대학생의 그릿의 정의는 인지적 차원에서 전문직에 대한 자부심과 생명을 다루는 직업에 대한 인식을 갖고, 정서적 차원에서 열정을 유지하며, 행위적 차원에서 학업과정과 그 외의 활동에 대한 노력을 지속해나가는 과정으로 나타났다. 4가지 속성과 13가지 지표가 도출되 었다. 간호대학생의 그릿 향상은 전문직 간호사로 발돋움하는데 도움이 될 것이다. 또한, 간호대학생 에게 그릿은 졸업 후 신규간호사가 되어 겪는 어려움을 극복하는데에도 도움이 될 것이다. 본 연구 결과는 간호대학생들의 학업 스트레스를 줄이고, 심리적 안녕감을 증진시키며, 전문직 역할을 수행 해내기 위한 준비에 유용한 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to define and develop the concept of ‘grit in nursing students’ using a hybrid model. Nine nursing students attending in a university were participated in interview. The concept of nursing students’ grit was found to be a complex phenomenon that have meanings in three dimensions: cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. Nursing students’ grit was defined as ‘the process of taking pride in a profession that deals with a person’s life (cognitive dimension), maintaining passion (emotional dimension), and continuing to strive for academic and other activities (behavioral dimension)’. Four attributes and thirteen indicators have been identified in this study. It is found that improving the grit of nursing students will facilitate the advance to a professional level. Grit will help college nursing students overcome difficulties when they become a new nurse after graduation. The results of this study could provide useful materials for preparing college nursing students to reduce academic stress, enhance psychological well-being, and perform professional roles.

최근 들어 DSRC(Dedicated Short Range Communication), WAVE(Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment) 등의 무선 네트워크 기술을 기반으로 고속 이동 중인 차량의 운전자에게 안전 정보를 제공하기 위한 연구개발이 활발히 진행 중이다. 본 논문에서는 무선랜 기술을 기반으로 하는 딜레마구간 의사결정 지원 서비스를 위한 로봇카 기반의 개념검증 모형시스템의 설계 및 구현에 대하여 소개한다. 제안하는 모델 시스템은 무선랜 인터페이스를 탑재한 임베디드 리눅스 기반의 로봇카 및 차량탑재장치 에뮬레이터, 운전자의 동작을 모사하기 위한 안드로이드 기반의 원격조종기, 신호제어기와 신호시스템을 모사하기 위한 노트북 PC, 노변기지국을 모사하기 위한 무선랜 AP(Access Point)로 구성된다.

Recently, research activities to develop services for providing safety information to the drivers in fast moving vehicles based on various wireless network technologies such as DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication), IEEE 802.11p WAVE (Wireless Access for Vehicular Environment) are widely being carried out. This paper presents a proof-of-concept model based on a robot-car for Dilemma Zone Decision Assistant Service using the wireless LAN technology. The proposed model system consists of a robot-car based on an embedded Linux OS equipped with a WiFi interface and an on-board unit emulator, an Android-based remote controller to model a human driver interface, a laptop computer to run a model traffic signal controller and signal lights, and a WiFi access point to model a road-side unit.

본 연구는 교사리더십 개념 모형을 구안하는 연구이다. 교육행정 체제의 분권화 및 단위학 교책임경영제의 강화로 교원들의 권한과 책임이 증대되면서 교사리더십의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 교사리더십은 한국에서 연구와 탐구가 많이 이루어지고 있지만, 상대적으로 개념 정립 연구는 미흡한 편이다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 연구에서는 교사리더십 발휘대상, 교사리더십 발 휘영역, 교사리더십 속성 등 세 가지 요소를 바탕으로 교사리더십 개념 모형을 구안하였다. 구체적으로 교사리더십 발휘대상으로는 학생, 동료교사, 학부모를, 교사리더십 발휘영역으로 는 수업지도, 생활지도, 학급운영, 동료교사 관계, 행정업무, 학부모 관계를 교사리더십 속성 으로는 목표지향성, 공동체성, 과업주도성, 전문성을 하위 요소로 하여 구안하였다. 본 연구에 서 구안한 개념 모형은 시론적 측면에서는 의의가 있으나, 현장 적용 및 일반화를 위한 후속 연구가 필요하다.

The purpose of this research is to develop the model of concept on teacher leadership. As it is time that decentralized educational administration and school-based management are trens, teacher leadership is more and more important. But it needs for Korean to develop and research the concept of teacher leadership, because there are few research about that in Korea. For that purpose, I developed the model of concept on teacher leadership. It consists of objects of teahcer leadership, areas of teacher leadership and traits of teacher leadership. The objects of teacher leadership are students, teachers and parents. The areas of teacher leadership are teaching, guidance, classroom management, relationship with colleagues, business of management, and relationship with parents. The traits of teacher leadership are goal-directed, community-directed, task-oriented, and professionalism. This research contributes to add the model of concept of teacher leadership. We have to do follow-up study about application and generalization of this model.

The export of Korean defense industry is growing rapidly. It is important to develop weaponry export strategy based on the current competition status. This study is focused on designing a concept development model for future weaponry export. The export strategy should consider the needs of the prospective buyer countries. For this purpose, the research process took the following stages. Firstly, we analyzed the weaponry information and then selected candidate weapons for export. Secondly, categorized the target countries into groups through cluster analysis. Thirdly, defined the perception map through factor analysis. We then identified the current location of the arms on the map by perception analysis and defined the opportunity space on the perception map. Lastly, we configured the concept for new weapons to export by conjoint analysis. Application of the proposed concept model design system to defense industry will bring a competitive edge in weaponry export and promote the national interest.

이 연구의 목적은 중학교 학교 현장에서 이루어지는 정보통신기술 교육에서 체험활동 실태를 분석하여 문제점을 제시하고, 2007 개정 교육과정 8학년 ‘정보통신기술 활용’ 단원에서 중요 개념의 이해를 향상시키는 데 필요한 체험활동 과제를 개발하는데 있다. 개념 이해를 강조하기 위한 개념학습 모델은 교육 내용 측면, 교수․학습 과정 측면, 학습 환경 측면, 산출물 측면의 4 가지 요소들을 고려하여 구축되었으며, 개념 학습 모델에 기초하여 체험활동 과제 개발이 이루어졌다. 체험 활동 과제의 주제는 2007 개정 교육과정 ‘정보통신기술 활용’ 단원의 내용 분석을 토대로 선정되었고, 체험활동 과제는 수업전략적인 면에서 전체학습, 모둠학습, 개별학습을 통해 토의․협동학습 및 자기 주도적 학습을 할 수 있도록 조직하였다. 또한 교사가 실제 수업하는 경우 개발된 체험활동 과제를 현장에 맞도록 변형하거나 조직하는 데 있어서 시간을 절약할 수 있도록 표준화하고, 최초 개발된 프로토타입의 체험활동 과제를 전문가 검증과 현장 적용을 통해 수정 및 보완함으로써 현장 적용력을 높였다. 이 연구에서 개발된 체험 활동 과제는 2007 개정 교육과정에 따라 개발한 것으로 학교 현장에서 곧바로 활용이 가능하다.

This paper first analyze the actual status of experience activities in the information and communication technology education in middle schools. The paper then develop the experience activity tasks to be utilized for understanding of the concepts in the chapter, ‘The Utilization of Information and Communication Technology’ in the 2007 revised curriculum for 8th graders based on the concept learning model. Concept learning model is derived from four factors- education contents, teaching and learning process, learning environments, and outcomes. The experience activity tasks are developed using concept learning model. The experience activity tasks are organized in order that students could participate in discussions or debates, and cooperative learning through whole group, small group, and individual learning, as well as self-directed learning. With the concept learning model, teachers save time in transforming and organizing our experience activity task for his own purpose. The experience activity tasks based on the contents of the 2007 revised curriculum can be used as materials for experience activities in real middle school environment.

Purpose: The study aimed to validate a structural model of self-concept among children and adolescents from multicultural families. Methods: Data were collected from 325 mothers of multicultural families and their 417 children. Confirmatory factor analysis, path analysis and multiple mediation analysis with a phantom variable approach were used to assess construct validity and relations between model variables. Results: Goodness of fit indices of the modified theoretical model, the standardized ${\chi}^2$ (2.75), RMR (.02), RMSEA (.07), NFI (.90), TLI (.92), CFI (.94), GFI (.89), and AGFI (.87), met criteria. Social support and mental health problem had significant direct effects on self-concept, whereas residential environment and school adjustment had significant indirect effects, accounting in combination for 53% of the variance in self-concept. Conclusion: Based on the results, mental health problem mediated the relationships of self-concept and parenting stress.