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유아 및 아동의 문화에서 ‘공주’는 가장 선호도가 높은 캐릭터 중의 하나이다. 그림책에서부터 화장품, 필기구 세트에 이르기까지 그 종류도 다양하게 ‘공주’와 관련된 캐릭터들이 사용되어 지고 있다. 본 연구는 공주 캐릭터가 다양하게 나타난 매체로서 스티커 북을 연구대상으로 잡았다. 본 연구는 스티커 북에 사용된 공주 캐릭터의 전반적인 컬러 적용 현황을 파악하고, 이를 통해 공주 캐릭터의 주요 컬러 이미지 형용사를 파악하는 것에 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공주 캐릭터에서 가장 높은 빈도로 나타난 컬러 이미지 형용사의 대분류는 ‘맑은’으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사례조사와 설문조사에서 ‘경쾌한’은 컬러 이미지 형용사 대분류에서 각각 2위를 차지하여 비슷한 중요도를 보였다. 셋째, 대분류에 속해 있는 ‘귀여운’의 경우, 사례조사와 설문조사상의 결과에서 중요도의 차이가 극명하게 나타났다. 넷째, 위 3가지 통합 결과, 부드러운(Soft)과 동적인(Dynamic)의 각각의 영역에서 일정수준 분리되어 집중되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과 사례분석 결과와 설문조사 결과는 일반적으로 알고 있는 공주의 색채이미지에서 크게 벗어나지 않았다. 이는 공주 캐릭터를 제작 시 사람들이 공주 캐릭터에 대해 가진 고정적 인식을 벗어나지 못함을 보여준다. 최근에는 다양한 성격을 가진 공주 이야기들이 생겨나고 있다. 이러한 트렌트 속에서 공주 캐릭터의 색채도 고정적 인식을 벗어나 다양한 이야기를 할 수 있기를 바란다. 본 연구가 향후 공주 캐릭터 제작 시 유용하게 쓰이기를 기대한다.

In the culture of infants and children, ‘Princess’ is one of the most preferred characters. From picture books to cosmetics to writing instrument sets, characters related to ‘Princess’ are also used. In this study, a sticker book was selected as a medium with a variety of Princess characters. This study aims to determine the overall color application of princess characters used in sticker books and to determine the major color image adjectives of princess characters. the results of this study are as follows: First, the section of color image adjectives that appear to be the most frequent in the princess character was found to be “clear”. Second, in the case studies and surveys, “cheerful” ranked second in each of the color image adjective sections, showing similar importance. Third, in the case of the “cute” section, the difference in importance is made explicit about the case studies and in the results of the survey. Fourth, the above three integration results show that each area of soft and dynamic is concentrated at a certain level. The results of the case study and the results of the survey did not deviate significantly from the generally recognized color image of the princess. It goes to show that when creating a princess character, people have a fixed perception of her. Lately, there have been several stories about princesses with different characteristics, such as Elsa, who broke through her way by shouting “Let it Go”, Let’s hope the colors of the princess’ characters will also escape from their fixed perception and be able to tell a variety of stories in this trend. We hope this study will be useful in making princess characters of the future.

This paper proposes a color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive all phase biorthogonal transform (SA-APBT). This algorithm is implemented through four procedures: color space conversion, image segmentation, shape coding, and texture coding. Region-of-interest (ROI) and background area are obtained by image segmentation. Shape coding uses chain code. The texture coding of the ROI is prior to the background area. SA-APBT and uniform quantization are adopted in texture coding. Compared with the color image coding algorithm based on shape-adaptive discrete cosine transform (SA-DCT) at the same bit rates, experimental results on test color images reveal that the objective quality and subjective effects of the reconstructed images using the proposed algorithm are better, especially at low bit rates. Moreover, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced because of uniform quantization.

In watermarking schemes, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is broadly used because its frequency component separation is very useful. Moreover, LU decomposition has little influence on the visual quality of the watermark. Hence, in this paper, a novel blind watermark algorithm is presented based on LU transform and DWT for the copyright protection of digital images. In this algorithm, the color host image is first performed with DWT. Then, the horizontal and vertical diagonal high frequency components are extracted from the wavelet domain, and the sub-images are divided into $4{\times}4$ non-overlapping image blocks. Next, each sub-block is performed with LU decomposition. Finally, the color image watermark is transformed by Arnold permutation, and then it is inserted into the upper triangular matrix. The experimental results imply that this algorithm has good features of invisibility and it is robust against different attacks to a certain degree, such as contrast adjustment, JPEG compression, salt and pepper noise, cropping, and Gaussian noise.

When host images are watermarked with CRT (Chinese Remainder Theorem), the watermark images are still robust in spite of the damage of the host images by maintaining the remainders in an unchanged state within some range of the changes that are incurred by the attacks. This advantage can also be attained by "zero-watermarking," which does not change the host images in any way. This paper proposes an improved zero-watermarking scheme for color images on the DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) domain that is based on the CRT. In the scheme, RGB images are converted into YCbCr images, and one channel is used for the DCT transformation. A key is then computed from the DC and three low-frequency AC values of each DCT block using the CRT. The key finally becomes the watermark key after it is combined four times with a scrambled watermark image. When watermark images are extracted, each bit is determined by majority voting. This scheme shows that watermark images are robust against a number of common attacks such as sharpening, blurring, JPEG lossy compression, and cropping.

This study proposes a method to improve the saturation of colors during hue-preserving color image enhancement without the gamut problem. First, the color of each pixel in an input image is projected onto one of three bisecting planes or bisectors of an RGB color cube to increase saturation. Then, that projected color is transformed into a target color with a designated luminance and the same hue as the original color. Experimental results show that the proposed method can enhance color images better than can recent hue-preserving color image enhancement methods.

During the last decade, the security of digital images has received considerable attention in various multimedia transmission schemes. However, many current cryptosystems tend to adopt a single-layer permutation or diffusion algorithm, resulting in inadequate security. A hierarchical bilateral diffusion architecture for color image encryption is proposed in response to this issue, based on a hyperchaotic system and DNA sequence operation. Primarily, two hyperchaotic systems are adopted and combined with cipher matrixes generation algorithm to overcome exhaustive attacks. Further, the proposed architecture involves designing pixelpermutation, pixel-diffusion, and DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) based block-diffusion algorithm, considering system security and transmission efficiency. The pixel-permutation aims to reduce the correlation of adjacent pixels and provide excellent initial conditions for subsequent diffusion procedures, while the diffusion architecture confuses the image matrix in a bilateral direction with ultra-low power consumption. The proposed system achieves preferable number of pixel change rate (NPCR) and unified average changing intensity (UACI) of 99.61% and 33.46%, and a lower encryption time of 3.30 seconds, which performs better than some current image encryption algorithms. The simulated results and security analysis demonstrate that the proposed mechanism can resist various potential attacks with comparatively low computational time consumption.

In this paper, we present a new texture image retrieval method which combines color and texture features extracted from images by a set of multi-resolution multi-direction (MRMD) filters. The MRMD filter set chosen is simple and can be separable to low and high frequency information, and provides efficient multi-resolution and multi-direction analysis. The color space used is HSV color space separable to hue, saturation, and value components, which are easily analyzed as showing characteristics similar to the human visual system. This experiment is conducted by comparing precision vs. recall of retrieval and feature vector dimensions. Images for experiments include Corel DB and VisTex DB; Corel_MR DB and VisTex_MR DB, which are transformed from the aforementioned two DBs to have multi-resolution images; and Corel_MD DB and VisTex_MD DB, transformed from the two DBs to have multi-direction images. According to the experimental results, the proposed method improves upon the existing methods in aspects of precision and recall of retrieval, and also reduces feature vector dimensions.

The IEEE 802.15.7r1 Optical Wireless Communications Task Group (TG7r1), also known as the revision of the IEEE 802.15.7 Visible Light Communication standard targeting the commercial usage of visible light communication systems, is of interest in this paper. The paper is mainly concerned with Image Sensor Communications (ISC) of TG7r1; however, the major challenge facing ISC, as addressed in the Technical Consideration Document (TCD) of TG7r1, is Image Sensor Compatibility among the variety of different commercial cameras on the market. One of the most challenging but interesting compatibility requirements is the need to support the verified presence of frame rate variation. This paper proposes a novel design for 2D-sequential color code. Compared to a QR-code-based sequential transmission, the proposed design of 2D-sequential code can overcome the above challenge that it is compatible with different frame rate variations and different shutter operations, and has the ability to mitigate the rolling effect as well as the rotating effect while effectively minimizing transmission overhead. Practical implementations are demonstrated and a performance comparison is presented

We propose a content-based image retrieval system that uses a combination of completed local binary pattern (CLBP) and color autocorrelogram. CLBP features are extracted on a multi-resolution multi-direction filtered domain of value component. Color autocorrelogram features are extracted in two dimensions of hue and saturation components. Experiment results revealed that the proposed method yields a lot of improvement when compared with the methods that use partial features employed in the proposed method. It is also superior to the conventional CLBP, the color autocorrelogram using R, G, and B components, and the multichannel decoded local binary pattern which is one of the latest methods.

Comprehensive measurements for velocity and temperature fields have been conducted. A Micro PIV 2-color LIF system have been setup to measure the buoyancy driven fields in a 1-mm heated channel with low Grashof-Prandtl numbers [$86<Gr_{w}Pr<301$]. Fluorescence microscopy is combined with an MPIV system to obtain enough intensity images and clear pictures from nano-scale fluorescence particles. The spatial resolution of the Micro PIV system is $75{\mu}m\;by\;67{\mu}m$ and error due to Brownian motion is estimated $1.05\%$. Temperature measurements have achieved the $4.7\;{\mu}m$ spatial resolution with relatively large data uncertainties the present experiment. The measurement uncertainties have been decreased down to less than ${\pm}1.0^{\circ}C$ when measurement resolution is equivalent to $76\;{\mu}m$. Measured velocity and temperature fields will be compared with numerical results to examine the feasibility of development as a diagnostic technique.

The most popular technique for image retrieval in a heterogeneous collection of color images is the comparison of images based on their color histogram. The color histogram describes the distribution of colors in the color space of a color image. In the most image retrieval systems, the color histogram is used to compute similarities between the query image and all the images in a database. But, small changes in the resolution, scaling, and illumination may cause important modifications of the color histogram, and so two color images may be considered to be very different from each other even though they have completely related semantics. A new method of color feature representation based on the 3-dimensional RGB color map is proposed to improve the defects of the color histogram. The proposed method is based on the three 2-dimensional projection map evaluated by projecting the RGB color space on the RG, GB, and BR surfaces. The experimental results reveal that the proposed is less sensitive to small changes in the scene and that achieve higher retrieval performances than the traditional color histogram.

Color image processing is very useful because color is a strong marker that also simplifies the recognition and extraction of objects from a scene and humans can distinguish thousands of shades of color and intensity compared to just around two dozen shades of grey. The processing of color images can be classified into two main areas as full-color and pseudo-colour. The images are first acquired with a full color sensor such as color TV camera, color scanner and second category has the question of assigning a color to a different monochrome intensity and intensity ranges. The aim of a color model is to promote color specification in a widely agreed way to some standard. A color model is a coordinate system specification and a subspace within that system where a single point represents each color. Some particular conversions can convert different color models to one another. This paper specify overview of different types of images, color models, their conversion and applications.

목적: 눈의 형태에 따라 스모키 메이크업의 톤 변화에 의한 연출 가능한 이미지를 분석하기 위하여 정량적으로 평가하기 위한 도구 로 형용사 이미지 스케일에 적용하여 이미지를 평가하였다. 방법: 여성들의 눈을 7가지 형태(표준형 눈, 처진 눈, 올라간 눈, 쌍겹의 작은 눈과 큰 눈, 외겹의 작은 눈과 큰 눈)로 분류하여 전문가와 미용학과 여자 대학생 342명을 대상으로 스모키 메이크업의 톤을 고명도에서 저명도까지 5단계로 변화시킨 일러스트레이션들의 이미지를 조사하였다. 결과: 노 메이크업 눈(eyes without makeup) 은 쌍겹의 표준형 눈과 큰 눈은 동적이고 부드러운 이미지를, 처진 눈은 정적이고 딱딱한 이미지로 평가되는 등 눈의 형태에 따라 다양한 이미지를 가졌다. 그리고 image map에서의 각각의 눈의 위치는 눈의 형태에 따라 달라졌다. 가장 부드러운 이미지를 가진 것으로 평가된 표준형의 눈은 스모키 메이크업의 톤을 변화시켜 매우 다양한 이미지들의 표현이 가능하였지만, 처진 눈은 스모키 메이크업의 톤을 변화시켜도 표현할 수 있는 이미지는 한정적이었다. 결론: 눈의 형태에 따라 메이크업에 의해 연출할 수 있는 이미 지 영역의 차이가 크다는 것과 image map은 메이크업 톤 변화에 따른 눈 이미지 변화의 거동특성(dynamic characteristics)을 체계 적으로 분석이 가능한 유용한 도구임을 확인하였다

Purpose: In order to analyze the images to be produced by tone variations in the smoky makeup, according to the forms of eyes, this study evaluated them by applying adjective image scales as the tool for quantitative assessment. Methods: By categorizing female eyes into seven forms, we examined images in which the tones of smoky makeup changed across five stages, ranging from the highest to the lowest brightness. We varied the positions of the eyes on the image map. Results: The eyes without makeup have different images, depending on the forms of eyes: standard eyes with folded eyelids and large eyes have dynamic and soft images, while drooping eyes have static and stiff images. The positions of eyes were varied on the image map. Although the standard eyes which were evaluated as having the most soft images could express very various images, by changing the tones of the smoky makeup, those which could be expressed by drooping eyes were very restricted, even though the tones of the smoky makeup were changed. Conclusion: It is consequently found that there are large variations in image areas to be produced by makeup, and that the image map is a tool useful for systematically analyzing the dynamic characteristics of variations in eyes’ images, as the tones of makeup are changed.

目的: 为了分析烟熏妆中色调变化产生的图像，本研究根据眼睛的形态，应用形容词图像量表作为定量评估工具 对其进行评估。方法: 通过将女性眼睛分为七种类型，我们检查了烟熏妆色调在五个阶段发生变化的图像，从最 高亮度到最低亮度。我们在图像地图上改变了眼睛的位置。结果: 不化妆的眼睛有不同的图像，这取决于眼睛的 形状：标准眼睑和大眼睛有动态和柔和的图像，而下垂的眼睛有静态和僵硬的图像。眼睛的位置在图像地图上 是不同的。虽然被评估为具有最柔和图像的标准眼睛可以通过改变烟熏妆的色调来表达非常不同的图像，但是 那些可以通过下垂的眼睛来表达的图像非常有限，即使烟熏妆的色调发生了变化。结论: 结果发现，随着化妆色 调的改变，化妆产生的图像区域有很大的变化，图像地图是一种有用的工具，可以系统地分析眼部图像变化的 动态特征。

목적: 컬러 트렌드는 메이크업에 있어서 중요한 요소임에도 불구하고 연구가 미흡하여 국제적으로 영향을 미치는 팬톤의 컬러 트 렌드를 활용하여 이미지 메이크업 디자인을 연구함으로써 메이크업 표현에 대한 시각을 새롭게 모색하고자 한다. 방법: 팬톤의 2014년부터 2018년까지의 대표적인 컬러로 래디언트 오키드는 고저스 이미지, 마르살라는 시크 이미지, 로즈쿼츠 & 세레니티는 로맨틱 이미지, 그리너리는 에스닉 이미지, 울트라 바이올렛은 엘레강스 이미지를 토대로 메이크업을 디자인하여 포토샵 Adobe Photoshop CS6 프로그램과 타블렛의 기기를 사용하여 일러스트를 제작하였다. 결과: 래디언트 오키드 컬러는 매혹적이고 도발적 이며 화려한 고저스 이미지 메이크업을 표현하였고, 마르살라 컬러는 우아하고 고급스러운 느낌으로 세련된 시크 이미지 메이크업 을 표현하였으며, 로즈쿼츠와 세렌니티 컬러는 귀엽고 소녀적이며 사랑스러운 로맨틱 이미지 메이크업을 표현하였다. 그리고 그리 너리 컬러는 민속적이고 이국적인 에스닉 이미지 메이크업을 표현하였고, 울트라 바이올렛 컬러는 우아하고 세련된 엘레강스 이미 지 메이크업을 표현하였다. 결론: 팬톤의 컬러 트렌드를 활용하여 메이크업 디자인 표현 영역의 학문적 연구에 대한 시각을 새롭게 제시하고자 한다. 추후 메이크업에서 컬러 트렌드에 대한 실증적인 다각도의 연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다.

Purpose: Color trends are a crucial element in makeup, but there have been few studies on them. Therefore, this study attempted to search for a new viewpoint on makeup styling by analyzing image makeup using Pantone color trends. Methods: Makeup was created based on the following images with major Pantone colors from 2014 to 2018: Gorgeous with radiant orchid, chic with marsala, romantic with rose quartz & serenity, aesthetic with greenery, elegant with ultraviolet. They were illustrated using Adobe Photoshop CS6 and graphic tablets. Results: ‘Radiant orchid’ was used to create attractive, provocative and gorgeous images while ‘marsala’ was adopted to generate elegant and refined chic makeup. ‘Rose quartz and serenity’ were used to express romantic images with a cute, girlish, lovely feeling. In addition, ‘greenery’ was adopted to generate esthetic makeup with a folksy and exotic feeling. Lastly, ‘ultraviolet’ was used to create elegant and refined images. Conclusion: This study attempts to suggest a new perspective on makeup-related studies using Pantone Color trends. There should be further empirical and multidisciplinary studies regarding makeup color trends in the future.

目的: 颜色趋势是化妆的关键因素，但对它们的研究却很少。因此，本研究试图通过使用Pantone color趋势分 析图像化妆来寻找化妆造型的新观点。方法: 使用Panton的2014至2018年的典型色彩，基于‘radiant orchid’的 华丽图像，marcilla的chic图像，rose quartz ＆ serenity的浪漫图像，greenery的民族图像和ultra violet的优 雅图像，设计妆容，并使用Adobe Photoshop CS6程序和平板电脑设备制作插图。结果: ‘Radiant orchid’用于 制作迷人，挑衅和华丽的图像，‘marsala’色彩彰显精致时尚的图像。‘Rose quartz & serenity’被用来表达浪漫 的图像，带有可爱，少女，可爱的感觉。此外，采用‘greenery’来产生具有亲和感和异国情调的美学妆容。最 后，‘ultra-violet’被用来创造优雅和精致的图像。结论: 本研究试图通过使用Pantone color趋势对化妆相关研究 提出新的观点。未来应该有关于化妆颜色趋势的进一步经验和多学科研究。

그 해의 컬러 트렌드는 네일아트, 헤어, 패션, 메이크업 등 여러 분야에서 많은 영향을 주고 있으며 그에 따라 변화해가고 있다. 그리고 패션 중에서도 웨딩드레스와 네일아트 컬러 트렌드를 접목시킨 연구 가 전무하다. 따라서 본 연구는 세계적으로 컬러 트렌드에 영향력을 갖는 색채연구소인 팬톤의 컬러 트렌 드를 이용하여 일관성 된 네일아트 디자인을 웨딩드레스의 이미지에 맞는 컬러와 디자인을 접목시켜 신 부가 결혼식에서 더 돋보이게 하기 위한 웨딩드레스와 네일아트 컬러 트렌드에 대해서 살펴보았다. 본 연구를 통해 신부의 웨딩연출에 네일아트의 컬러와 디자인의 밀접한 관련이 있다는 가능성의 관점에서 표현할 수 있었다. 그리고 신부의 이미지 변화의 무한한 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 신부의 웨딩 드레스 표현 영역을 확대하고, 세계적인 팬톤의 컬러 트렌드를 활용하여 네일아트 산업이 끊임없이 발전 하는 것에 기여하고자 한다. 앞으로 더욱 다양한 미술, 패션, 예술 분야와 네일아트가 접목된 트렌드에 대한 연구가 이루어지길 기대해본다.

The color trends of the year have a considerable influence and bring changes in various fields such as nail art, hairdressing, fashion and makeup. This study investigated color trends in wedding dress and nail art to make a bride look more beautiful at a wedding by applying nail art produced based on the images and colors of wedding dress, using Pantone’s colors which have a significant effect on global color trends. This study was described from the perspective of possibility that wedding production for a bride is closely related with the colors and styles of nail art. In addition, it confirmed an infinite potential in a bride’s image changes. Therefore, this study targets to make a contribution to the continued development of nail art industry by expanding a realm for expressing a bride’s wedding dress and making good use of Pantone’s color trends. It is anticipated that there would be further studies on the trends which combine nail art with more diverse fields such as fine arts and fashion.

목적: 본 연구에서는 성인 여성을 대상으로 얼굴형과 메이크업 색상변화에 따른 이미지 지각의 차이점을 규명하고자 한다. 방법: 2014년 8월 1일부터 8월 25일까지 여성 679명을 대상으로 하였으며 자극물을 조사대상자들에게 보여주고 이미지를 설문지를 통해 평가하는 실험연구 방식으로 진행되었다. 결과: 여성의 이미지에 영향을 주는 외적 요소를 살펴본 결과 메이크업이라고 응답한 사 람은 330명으로 가장 많았으며, 헤어스타일 164명, 의상 115명, 피부 70명 순으로 조사되었다. 얼굴형에 따른 이미지 지각은 긴형 은 화려한 이미지, 둥근형은 귀여운 이미지, 사각형은 우아한 이미지, 타원형은 자연스러운 이미지로 지각되었다. 메이크업 색상변 화의 차이는 화려한 이미지는 오렌지 톤이 높게 지각되었고 핑크 톤은 우아한 이미지, 자연스러운 이미지, 귀여운 이미지 모두에서 높게 지각되었다. 결론: 메이크업은 여성의 이미지 지각에 가장 영향을 미치는 외적 요소이며 얼굴형과 메이크업 색상은 그 유형에 따라 다양한 이미지를 형성하며 여성의 이미지 지각에 의미 있는 영향을 주는 단서로서 제공되고 있음을 확인할 수었 있다.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the differences in image perception of adult females owing to variations in face shapes and makeup color. Methods: This experimental research study was conducted from August 1 to August 25, 2014 on 679 female participants. The participants were exposed to visual stimuli and asked to evaluate the images by responding to a questionnaire. Results: For the external factors that influence the image of women, 330 people of the respondents said it was makeup. It was the number one factor. And, 164 people thought it was the hairstyle, 115 people thought it was wardrobe, and 70 people thought it was skin. Regarding the differences in image perception according to face shapes, the participants perceived a long shape as gorgeous, a round shape as cute, a square shape as elegant, and an oval shape as natural. Regarding the differences in image perception owing to variations in makeup color, the orange tone was highly perceived to depict a gorgeous image while the pink tone was highly perceived to depict the elegant, natural, and cute images. Conclusion: The study proved that makeup is an external factor that significantly influences women’s image perception; furthermore, it also revealed that face shapes and makeup colors create diverse perceptions, providing a clue regarding the factors that significantly affect women’s image perception.

目的: 根据脸型和化妆色彩的变化，探讨成年女性形象感知的差异。方法: 从2014年8月1日开始到8月25日，以679名女 性为研究对象，受试者受到视觉刺激后，实验研究通过问卷调查来评估图像的方式进行。结果: 女性形象的外因调查结 果显示，330名回答“化妆”，164名认为是发型，115名认为是衣服，而70名认为是皮肤。根据脸型，调查形象感知的差 异，受试者认为长脸型为华丽型，圆脸为可爱型，方脸为优雅型，椭圆脸形为自然型。根据化妆色彩变化的差异，橙色 色调被认为是华丽型，而粉红色的色调被高度认为描绘优雅，自然，可爱的形象。结论: 研究证明，化妆是最影响女性 形象感知的外因，脸型和化妆色彩按照类型形成多种形象，此研究为影响女性形象感知提供重要线索。

목적: 본 연구는 20대 여대생을 대상으로 피부 톤과 헤어컬러 변화에 따라서 얼굴이미지가 다르게 인식되어 변화를 줄 수 있는지 알아보고 피부 톤에 적합한 헤어컬러 선택에 객관적인 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 방법: 20대 여대생을 대상으로 일반적 특성과 피부 톤 및 헤어컬러를 변화시킨 자극물에 대한 이미지 평가를 조사하기 위해 설문조사를 진행하였다. SPSS 25.0 통계프로그램을 활용 하여 수집된 데이터를 분석하였으며, 빈도분석, 교차분석을 실시하였다. 결과: 피부 톤별 헤어컬러에 따른 얼굴이미지 변화 확인 결 과, 피부 톤이 밝을수록 헤어컬러에 따라 다양한 얼굴이미지가 형성되는 것으로 나타났으나, 피부 톤이 어두워질수록 헤어컬러 변 화보다는 피부 톤 자체에 집중되는 것으로 나타났다. 헤어컬러별 피부 톤에 따른 얼굴이미지 변화 확인 결과, 자주구리빛 어두운 황 갈색 헤어컬러는 피부 톤에 따라 다양한 얼굴이미지를 형성하는 반면, 다른 헤어컬러는 피부 톤에 관계없이 비슷한 패턴의 이미지 를 형성하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 연구를 통해 피부 톤에 적합한 헤어컬러 선택에 객관적인 자료를 제공할 수 있도록 피부 톤과 헤어컬러에 따른 얼굴이미지 변화 인식을 분석하였다.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate whether facial images can be perceived differently by changing skin tone and hair color among female college students in their 20s, and to provide objective data for selecting hair color suitable for skin tone. Methods: Surveys were conducted for female college students in their 20s to evaluate images regarding general characteristics and stimuli that altered skin tone and hair color. SPSS 25.0 statistical program was used to analyze the collected data, and frequency analysis and cross-tabulation analysis were performed. Results: Following the analysis of the change of facial images according to hair color by skin tone, it was found that the lighter the skin tone, various facial images were formed according to the brightness of the skin tone. However, the darker the skin tone, the more it is focused on the skin tone itself rather than the change in hair color. Regarding the change in facial images based on skin tone based on hair color, it was observed that dark matogany hair color formed various facial images depending on the skin tone, while other hair colors formed similar patterns of images regardless of skin tone. Conclusion: The study analyzed the perception of facial image changes according to skin tone and hair color to provide objective data for selecting the right hair color for skin tone.

目的: 探讨20多岁女大学生通过改变肤色和发色是否会对面部图像产生不同的感知，为选择适合肤色的发色提供 客观数据。方法: 对20多岁的女大学生进行调查，评估有关一般特征和改变肤色和头发颜色的刺激的图像。采用 SPSS25.0统计程序对收集的数据进行分析，并进行频数分析和交叉表分析。结果: 根据发色和肤色检查面部图 像的变化，发现肤色越亮，根据发色形成的面部图像就越多样化。然而，肤色越深，就越关注肤色本身而不是 发色的变化。根据发色检查面部图像随肤色变化的结果，发现紫红色-深棕色发色根据肤色形成各种面部图像， 而其他发色无论肤色如何都会形成类似图案的图像。结论: 该研究分析了肤色和发色对面部图像变化的感知，为 选择适合肤色的发色提供客观数据。

감성을 규칙적인 숫자로 변화하려는 감성컴퓨터 연구가 지속적이다. 감성컴퓨팅 방식으로 감성을 숫자화하고, 감성트리를 통해 실행했다. 감성컴퓨팅의 감성 평가는 James A. Russell의 핵심 효과(Core Affect)의 감성좌표를 활용했다. 감성트리 실행 목적은 감성컴퓨팅과 감성트리의 상관관계를 검증했다. 감성트리 속성실험은 색상, 명도, 채도로 구성했다. 명도 50% 증가했을 때, 쾌정도(X축)는 10.49점 증가했다. 명도 50%, GREEN 50% 증가는 쾌정도(X축) 10.49점, 긴장도(Y축) 15.85점만큼 증가했다. 쾌정도(X축)에 명도 50%, 긴장도(Y축)에 BLUE 50%일 때, 쾌정도(X축) 10.49점, 긴장도(Y축) 14.65점만큼 감성이 변화했다. 대표감성크기 변화는 명도 50%, 색상 RED 50% 증가했을 때, 흥분 감성이 5.4% 증가했고, 우울한 감성이 -4.2% 감소했다. 명도 50%, 색상 GREEN 50%의 증가는 흥분 감성이 8.6%로 증가했고, 우울한 감성이 -5.5%로 감소했다. 감성속성 증감에 따른 감성변화와 대표감성크기를 숫자 방식으로 분석했다. 향후 영상 이미지 감성컴퓨팅의 실행인 감성트리를 통해 사람의 감성과 더 유사하도록 행복한 감성 숫자 연구가 필요하다.

Emotional computer that you want to study in a regular number change is the continuing sensitivity. Emotional Computing manner the sensibilities numbered and emotions were running through the trees. Emotional assessment of emotional sensibility computing was used as the coordinates of the key effects of the James A. Russell (Core Affect). Emotional tree runs purpose was to verify the correlation of sensitivity and emotion computing tree. Emotional tree attributes experiment color, brightness, saturation was configured with. When 50% brightness increase, about pleasure (X-axis) has increased by 10.49 points. Brightness 50%, GREEN 50% increase in the degree of pleasure (X-axis) of 10.49 points, tone (Y axis) has increased by 15.85 points. Brightness 50%, GREEN 50% increase in the degree of pleasure (X-axis) of 10.49 points, tone (Y axis) has increased by 15.85 points. Brightness 50% of the free-extent (X-axis), BLUE 50% when the tone (Y axis), pleasure extent (X-axis) of 10.49 points, tone (Y axis) as much as 14.65 points sensibilities have changed. When representatives emotions size changes have increased 50% brightness, color RED 50%, increased 5.4% Emotional excitement, emotion depressed declined -4.2%. 50% brightness, color GREEN 50% increase in emotional excitement had increased to 8.6%, declined by -5.5% this melancholy sensibility. Representative emotion and emotional changes increase or decrease the size of the emotional attributes were analyzed by quantitative methods. After the happy emotions number is needed to study more similar to the human emotion through the execution of the video image emotion emotional tree computing.

색채치료는 고유의 진동과 주파수를 가진 색을 이용하여 심리적인 문제를 치료하는 진단 방법이다. 색은 주관적인 심리가 강하여 개인적으로 좋아하는 색이나 안정이 되는 색을 봄으로서 심리 안정에 효과를 줄 수 있다. 또한 감정에 다양한 영향을 주는데, 이러한 감정을 평가하기 위해 뇌파를 통해 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 휴대용 단말기를 통해 스트레스 설문지(BEPSI-K)에 응답한 뒤, 빨간색과 파란색 두 가지의 VR색채영상을 시청하였다. 이 때, 뇌파를 통해 측정 가능한 4가지의 감정 데이터를 이용하여 사용자의 감정 상태를 파악하여 실시간 변화를 분석하였다. 또한 스트레스 설문지를 사용하여 감정 지수를 수치화하였고, 3D 가상현실 상에서 색채 이미지 영상이 감정 변화에 미치는 영향을 비교분석하였다.

Color therapy is a diagnostic method for treating psychological problems using unique vibration and frequency color. The color has strong subjective psychology, it can give psychological stabilization effect as a spring as a favorite color and stability become personally personal. Also, to give various influences on emotion, we can obtain information via brain wave to evaluate these emotions. In this research, before viewing two kinds of VR color images of red and blue, responding to the stress questionnaire(BEPSI-K) via a mobile terminal. At this time, we analyzed the real-time we used four emotional data measurable via brain waves and grasped the user's emotional state. In addition, the stress questionnaire was used to quantify the emotion degree, and comparative analysis was made on how the color image affects the change of emotions with 3D virtual reality.

최근 다양한 형태의 영상 콘텐츠가 제작되고 있고, 이를 위한 저작권 보호기술에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 컬러 영상을 위한 영상암호화 기술을 제안한다. 이 기술은 영상을 RGB 색차성분으로 분할한 후, 윤곽선을 기준으로 쿼드트리 분할을 수행한다. 쿼드트리 분할 후, 선정된 블록들을 대상으로 암호화를 수행한다. 색차성분을 대상으로 암호화를 수행하여 암호화 효율을 측정하고, 컬러 영상으로 재구성한 후에도 암호화 효율을 측정한다. 암호화 효율은 시각적인 측정방식과 객관적인 화질평가 방식을 이용한다. 실험결과 PSNR 수치는 색차성분의 경우 7~10[dB], 컬러 영상의 경우 16~19[dB]로 측정되었다. 본 논문에서 제안한 영상암호화 기술은 향후 다양한 디지털 영상 콘텐츠의 저작권 보호에 사용될 것으로 보인다.

Recently, various types of image contents are being produced, and interest in copyright protection technology is increasing. In this paper, we propose an image encryption technology for color images. This technique divides the image into RGB color components and then performs quad-tree decomposition based on the edge of image. After the quad-tree partitioning, encryption is performed on the selected blocks. Encryption is performed on color components to measure encryption efficiency, and encryption efficiency is measured even after reconstitution into a color image. The encryption efficiency uses a visual measurement method and an objective image quality evaluation method. The PSNR values were measured as 7~10 dB for color difference components and 16~19 dB for color images. The proposed image encryption technology will be used to protect copyright of various digital image contents in the future.