Earticle

This research aimed (1) to study and analyze the ability of current information retrieval (IR) systems based on views of information behavior (IB), and (2) to propose a conceptual framework for an IB model based on the collaboration between the system and user, with the intent of developing an IR system that can apply intelligent techniques to enhance system efficiency. The methods in this study consisted of (1) document analysis which included studying the characteristics and efficiencies of the current IR systems and studying the IB models in the digital environment, and (2) implementation of the Delphi technique through an indepth interview method with experts. The research results were presented in three main parts. First, the IB model was categorized into eight stages, different from traditional IB, in the digital environment, which can correspond to all behaviors and be applied to with an IR system. Second, insufficient functions and log file storage hinder the system from effectively understanding and accommodating user behavior in the digital environment. Last, the proposed conceptual framework illustrated that there are stages that can add intelligent techniques to the IR system based on the collaboration perspective between the user and system to boost the users' cognitive ability and make the IR system more user-friendly. Importantly, the conceptual framework for the IB model based on the collaboration perspective between the user and system for IR assisted the ability of information systems to learn, recognize, and comprehend human IB according to individual characteristics, leading to enhancement of interaction between the system and users.

The 2017 Grenfell Tower fire in the UK revealed long-standing tensions within architectural education and practice, prompting critical reflection on the role of architects and the education and training systems in safeguarding the public. The tensions highlight the persistent challenge of integrating professional accountability, ethical responsibility, and technical competency into a coherent pedagogical model. This study critically investigates the pedagogical transformation of architectural education in the Post-Grenfell context, focusing on the Mackintosh School of Architecture at the Glasgow School of Art as a case study. Using a qualitative and document-based methodology, the research analyses the curriculum and interdisciplinary teaching approach under the 'year system' of the school to explore how core themes such as safety, ethics, professionalism, and interdisciplinary collaboration have been integrated into the Mackintosh School of Architecture's educational framework. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the structural and curricular changes introduced in the 2024-2025 academic year, with particular attention to the implications of the 'year system', which aligns with the Architects Registration Board's competency-based framework. The findings demonstrate the year system's potential to promote pedagogical coherence through shared learning outcomes and collaborative ethos, as well as its capacity to embed applied technical knowledge and professional ethics within the design process, re-valuing its appropriateness and effectiveness as the initial education and training of architects. While the case study is based in the UK context, the implications of this research extend to international settings.

This study aims to make a theoretical consideration of the climate environment crisis and collaborative governance to overcome it. Climate crisis has emerged as a representative environmental problem that threatens the survival of mankind. In order to overcome the climate crisis, the IPCC suggested that the global average temperature increase should be suppressed within 1.5℃, and that 2050 carbon neutrality should be realized for this purpose. The international community is seeking a major transition to a decarbonized economic and social structure such as energy conversion and the Green New Deal policy. Response to the climate crisis and transition to a green society can be achieved through extensive civic participation and collaboration from various social groups. In the Chungbuk region, various practical collaboration activities have been carried out to realize carbon neutrality. In this study, implications were derived by collecting five cases of systematic practical collaboration activities promoted in Chungbuk and comparing and analyzing the evaluation results. Based on this, the direction of the carbon neutral policy in Chungbuk and the establishment of a practical collaboration system for realizing carbon neutrality were proposed.

본 연구는 웹툰 영상화의 문제점 및 대안을 도출하기 위해 총 22명의 작가, 연출가, PD, 투자자 등 전문가를 대상으로 인터뷰를 실시하였다. 인터뷰 영역은 영상화 제작 단계, 영상화 투자 및 지원 단계, 영상화의 어려움, 제작방식 및 체계 개선 등 크게 4개 영역으로 나눠 총 12개 질문의 답변을 받았다. 또한 인터뷰의 신뢰도를 높이기 위하여 다른 전문가그룹 30명을 대상으로 중요도를 조사하였다. 연구결과, 영상화와 관련된 가장 큰 어려움은 낮은 협업성이라는데 모두 공감하였으나, 협업의 이상적 체계는 실무자마다 다르게 보고 있었다. 낮은 협업성은 크게 전문 인력의 부족과 의사소통의 부족이라는 두 가지 원인으로 나타났고 이를 개선하고자 해당 매체의 전문성을 확보한 전문가를 양성해야 되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 전문가는 각색 작가, IP PD, 콘텐츠 투자 중계자 등 3가지 영역에서 양성이 요구된다.

This study, To find practical problems with the imaging of webtoons, propose their alternatives, and secure the professionalism of research along with 22 field experts including writers, directors, producers, investors and importance survey was carried out with 30 practical experts. There were four major interview areas including the stages of imaging production, investment and support for imaging, difficulties with imaging, and improvement of production methods and systems. Responses were collected from a total of 13 questions. All agreed that the biggest difficulty with imaging was a low level of collaboration, but they had different ideas about an ideal collaboration system. A low level of collaboration was mainly attributed to a shortage of professionals and lack of communication. There should be an effort to bring up such experts in three major areas including professional adaptation writers, professional IP producers, and investment agencies specialized in content.

산학협력이 강조되면서 최근 각 대학에 산학협력중점교수('산중교수')가 늘어나고 있으나, 이들의 경험과 그 의미에 대한 학술적인 탐색은 부족한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 '산중교수들의 시각'을 통해서 산중교수제도의 가능성과 한계를 탐색하고, 제도 개선을 위한 시사점을 제안하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 LINC+ 사업에 참여하고 있는 수도권의 A 대학에 소속된 8명의 산중교수를 대상으로 2020년 2월~4월에 반구조화된 면담을 실시하였고, Colaizzi의 질적 자료 분석법을 적용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 산중교수제도는 산업계에서 전문경력을 쌓은 퇴직자들에게 새로운 커리어를 모색하는 계기가 되고 있었고, 이들이 가진 장기간의 산업현장 경험, R&D 역량, 조직역량, 네트워크 등의 무형적인 자산은 '대학 혁신의 동력'이 되고 있었다. 그러나 '단기 성과 중심의 제도 운영'은 산중교수의 발전가능성을 제한하는 높은 장벽이 되고 있었다. 이러한 결과는 대학과 산중교수가 상호 윈윈(win-win) 할 수 있도록 산중교수제도의 전면적인 보완이 필요함을 시사한다.

This article explores the possibilities and limits of the University-Industry Collaboration (UIC) Faculty System from their perspectives. A qualitative research study is conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of experiences of the UIC faculties. Semi-structured interviews of eight UIC faculties working for A University located in the Seoul Metropolitan area were conducted for the date collection. The results suggest that the UIC Faculty System has provided retirees with an opportunity to move into a second career. Their intangible assets such as industrial field experience, R&D competency, organizational competency, and network all together have contributed to the innovation of the university education. However, the short-term performance-oriented operation has prevented the development of the UIC faculty system. These findings suggest that the system should be improved in order to promote its mutual benefits to both universities and UIC faculties.

The development of IT is transforming from the way it has been working face-to-face in performing projects to the online collaboration method using web-based tools. Therefore, various online collaboration tools are being developed and commercialized, including ‘Google Docs’, which is called the online office. Using these online collaboration tools, users can share documents with other users and collaborate in real time. Therefore, in recent years, companies and educational institutions have been using online collaboration tools to carry out tasks and projects that require collaboration. Various factors can affect the project performance satisfaction through online collaboration tools. In this regard, it is necessary to confirm the factors affecting the satisfaction of the project performance. However, there is not enough empirical research on the satisfaction of the performance through the online collaboration tool. Therefore, this study will investigate the mechanism of project performance satisfaction through online collaboration tool considering the Individual characteristics of the project performing subject, the relationship characteristics between the project members, and the system characteristics of the collaboration tool.

비즈니스 근무 환경이 점점 복잡해짐에 따라 효과적인 협업의 중요성이 그 어느 때보다 크게 부각되고 있다. 그리고 정보기술의 발전, 생산 및 유통 방법의 변화에 따라서 협업의 대상이 수행 업무에 관련된 여러 조직의 인원으로 구성된 큰 규모의 가상조직 형태의 대규모 인원으로 변화하고 있으며, 이에 따 라 협업시스템에 대한 접근성과 실시간성에 대한 요구가 늘어나고 있다. 또 업무의 진행과정에서 조직 내부의 인원이 아닌 조직외부의 지식에 대한 필요성 또한 커짐에 따라 조직외부의 인원이 가진 지식을 가져오기 위한 외부인원과의 협업의 필요성 또한 생겨났다. 이를 위해 업무포탈 성격의 시스템인 EKP(Enterprise Knowledge Portal)의 협업지원도 구인 그룹웨어에 사용자 접근성이 뛰어나고, 최근 많은 주목을 받으며 다양한 사용자 층을 가지고 있는 실시간 웹 기반의 SNS(Social Network Service) Open API를 사용하여, 전자결재, 게시, 팀룸(팀작업 공간)의 Content 혹은 이슈가 되는 사안에 대하여 SNS에 하나의 Content 형식으로 등록하고 이에 대해 SNS서비스를 그대로 협업에 활용한 후 이를 그 룹웨어 내부에서 조회할 수 있도록 함으로서 협업이 이루어지는 가상조직 내부에서 이슈나 주제 중심의 협업용 커뮤니케이션 시스템으로 활용할 수 있는 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다.

과학관이 선진국형 국가발전 패러다임의 핵심인 국가 창의역량 강화를 위한 기반으로서의 역할을 수행하 기 위해서는 국가 전체 과학관의 역량을 모으고, 공유 된 가치체계 속에서 협력할 수 있는 플랫폼을 구축하 는 것이 중요하지만 현재 국내 과학관은 독자적 운영 체제로 국⋅공⋅사립 과학관간의 유기적인 연계가 부족한 상황이다. 이 연구에서는 과학관을 중심으로 하 여 특정한 주제에 따라 자유학년제를 위한 프로그램을 개발하는 것과 과학관을 포함하여 지역의 문화기관 또 는 문화장소 등을 연계한 과학문화 프로그램을 개발하 기 위해 기존의 통합이용제도를 수행하고 있는 수개의 과학관에서의 개발 및 운영의 현황을 파악하고자 한 다. 도출된 문제점을 기반으로 개선을 통해 과학관중 심 또는 과학관포함의 지역사회 기반 통합이용제도를 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해서 국내의 7개의 실무자를 대상으로 자료수집을 하였으며 개선사항을 제시하기 위해서 국외의 5개의 모범적인 통합이용제도 관련 자 료를 수집하여 개선사항에 참고하였다. 지역적인 특성 을 고려하여 과학관중심으로 자유학년제용 통합이용 제도 또는 문화적인 특성을 고려한 과학관포함 과학문 화 통합이용제도는 이 연구에 참여한 과학관 실무자들 에 의해서 개발되어 일부는 실제 운영 되었으며 지역 기반 국공사립의 과학관의 연계를 활성화 하는데 통합 이용제도 프로그램이 결정적인 기능을 할 수 있음을 보여 주었다. 제언으로는 국가차원에서 또는 지방자치 제에의 차원에서의 지원이 필수적이며, 교육과정과의 연계가 통합이용제도 프로그램, 이를 개발하고 해설을 하는 전문 인력 배치 또한 중요한 요소로 파악되었다.

In order for the science museum to play a role as a foundation for strengthening the national creative capability, which is the core of the advanced national development paradigm, it is important to gather the capacities of the nation's science museums and establish a platform to cooperate in a shared value system. Science museum is an independent operating system, and there is a lack of strong connections among national, public and private science museums. The existing integrated collaboration system of science museums-centered can be studied first and promoted to develop programs for the free school year according to a specific topic. The same system of science museum-inclusion which link local cultural institutions or cultural places as science culture program were also studied to do the same purpose. On the basis of problems drawn from studies of integrated collaboration systems of each participating science museum, we proposed a convergence integrated collaboration systems of science museum-centered and science museum-inclusion. To this end, data were collected from practitioners of 7 representing science museums including 5 national ones. In order to suggest improvements, we also contacted five international science museums to collect the exemplary cases. Considering the regional characteristics, science museum-inclusion integrated collaboration systems considering the cultural characteristics and the science museum-centered integrated collaboration systems for free school semesters, were developed and tried by practitioners who participated in this research. It was found that integrated collaboration system can be more activated for the community. This suggests that support from the national level or at the level of regional autonomy is essential and the connection with the curriculum is necessary for the integrated collaboration system program. Finally, professional experts such as program development or commentator can be a decisive role.

Over the past decade the maritime accident analysis casualties is 10 000 surpassed the persons marine accidents Due to the nature of government response alone is effective neither economic nor nor rich, well versed in local waters assess and advanced form through this site access to rapid private sector resource utilization civil and tube cooperation system building is the most effective and feasible Golden Time successful advanced marine structures within the system structure is possible

우리나라 여성의 경제활동참가율은 남성과는 달리 M자 커브를 그리고 있으며, 실제 고용률도 OECD 회원국 중 최하위 수준이다. 우리나라 여성의 경제활동참가가 저조한 것은 일차적으로 출산과 육아문제 등으로 인한 경력단절에서 기인하는 것이지만, 이에 못지 않게 중요한 원인은 여성능력 활용을 용이하게 하는 사회적 네트워크 구축이 미비하기 때문이다.본 연구는 로컬 거버넌스의 구축을 통해 지역사회 여성능력 개발의 필요성이 지대함을 인식하고서, 지방자치단체 및 지역사회의 협력으로 여성능력 개발을 위한 네트워크 구축방안을 모색하였다. 주로 지역사회 여성인력개발 관련 3개 유형 기관의 실태 및 장단점을 비교 분석하는 방법론을 채택하여 정책현실에 적용해 봄으로써 정책적 시각을 보완하고자 하였다. 로컬 거버넌스의 구현을 위해서는 행정구조의 유연화와 협력구조의 개방화를 통한 지역 협력체계의 구축이 필요하다. 이를 구체화하기 위해서는 지역 민관네트워크의 형성이 중요한데,이것은 광역자치단체가 기능 및 운영체계의 복합화 구조 내에서 중심적 역할을 담당해야 함을 시사해준다.

Economic crisis and aging society brought a relative decrease in population of production age and it became a serious object of public concern. We have tried to work out a practicable solution. One of the solution is women's labor participation in society. We realize the necessity of women resources development by way of formulation of local governance, and investigate the ways of collaboration networking among cetral institutions, local governments and community organizations. The construction ways of collaboration system for women resources development were looked through focusing on Government Funded Job Center, Women Resources development Center, Women Community Center. In general, it is true that such institutes had played main role in activation of women resources and making women policies up to the current level. On the other hand, however, these institutes still had such tasks as direct connection program, alternative programs for upgrading of women position and etc. It is essential, there, to formating community network for the realistic concreteness.

이 연구의 목적은 연안안전 확보를 위해 유관기관 간 협업체계 구축방안 설계를 하기 위해 연안안전 예방을 위해 배치하고 있는 연안안전지킴이의 사례를 중심으로 분석하여 연안안전지킴이 사업의 확대를 위해 협업체계 구축방안을 설계하는데 있다. 연안안전 예방을 위해 연안사고예방법에서는 해양경찰청과 지자체가 함께 예방활동 을 해야한다고 명시되어 있지만 실제로 연안사고 예방을 위한 연안안전지킴이의 배 치가 해양경찰청 예산 만을 활용하다 보니 광범위한 연안해역을 종합적으로 관리하 는 데 한계가 있어 지속적으로 사망사고가 증가하고 있음에 따라 이에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 구체적으로 국내 타 부처의 일자리 사업들을 분석해보면 직접추진하는 경 우도 있지만 지자체에 국비를 일부 지원하고 지자체의 예산을 활용하는 방법, 지자 체에 이관시켜 운영하는 방법 등과 같은 다양한 사례가 존재함에 따라 이를 기반으 로 기존의 운영체계에 대한 개선이 필요한 시점이다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 연안 안전지킴이의 확대 및 지자체의 협조체계 구축의 관점에서 연안안전지킴이는 단순 일자리사업이 아닌 안전예방사업으로 특화하여 운영하는 바람직함에 따라 해양경찰 청이 주도하여 정책을 수립하고, 지방청과 지자체가 협업하여 예산확보 및 지킴이 선발이 이루어질 필요가 있다. 실행력을 담보하는 측면에서 연안안전지킴이제도는 초기 지자체 매칭펀드사업(자치단체경상보조사업)을 기반으로 진행하여 연안위험구 역 관리 강화 및 지킴이 처우 개선 확보하고, 매년 우수사례 경진대회 개최를 통한 연안안전 예방사업에 적극적인 활동을 한 지자체에 표창하여 연안안전 예방에 대한 지자체의 투자가 활발히 이루어질 수 있도록 유도할 필요가 있다.

In this study, the need for coastal safety keepers was analyzed based on the status of coastal accidents, and an analysis of similar job cases in Korea was conducted to improve the operating system of coastal safety keepers currently operated by the Korea Coast Guard. As a result, in order to expand the coastal safety keepers and establish a cooperative system with local governments, the safety keepers must be specialized and operated as a safety prevention project rather than a simple job project. To this end, the Korea Coast Guard takes the lead in establishing policies and local offices and local governments collaborate. There is a need to secure a budget and select a keepers. To this end, it is possible to strengthen coastal risk zone management and improve the treatment of keepers by proceeding with the initial local government matching fund project (local government compensation assistance project), and coastal safety by holding a competition for best practices every year. There is a need to recognize local governments that have actively participated in prevention projects so that local governments can actively invest in coastal safety prevention. The effectiveness of coastal accident prevention is maximized only when the Coast Guard and local governments collaborate, so if the prevention-related budget is expanded through the establishment of a collaboration system and stabilized through professional operation, the effectiveness of coastal safety protection based on cooperation between local governments will be verified in the future and national subsidies will be provided. There is a need to increase the proportion of local expenses in the project, expand the project by investing additional local government budget, establish a sustainable system, and transfer the project to local governments so that they can operate autonomously in the future.

The company was focusing on production which was partial mission rather than acquiring the information of customer in intensive process industry. The company accepted loss which is from over-production, losing of opportunity. After changing to web environment, supply chain is more complicated and need of customer is more various. As a result the company hard works on controlling production rates, production quantities in production area and gathering exact information which is about available resource and available quantities. Cooperated demand planning have to get decreasing of inventory, improving of customer service in supply chain management. Specially demand planning that considers allocation of capacity is executed in Iron-Industry. Demand planning must be classified by customer, region and supply position level.

본 연구는 신변보호 요청제도의 실효성과 지속가능성을 제고하기 위하여 민간경비와의 연계를 확대가 아닌 관리의 관점에서 제도 운영체계로 구체화하는 방안을 제시하였다. 최 근 신변 위험은 일회성 사건을 넘어 반복적 위협·접근·감시·추적이 결합된 연속적 위험관 리 과제로 전환되고 있으나, 공경비는 인력·시간·관할·우선순위의 제약으로 모든 요청에 대해 즉시적·지속적으로 개입하기 어렵다. 이에 민간경비를 공경비의 대체 주체가 아니라 공공안전의 공동생산 구조에서 비강제 영역을 보완하는 자원으로 위치시키고, 절차적 정당 성과 책임체계를 중심으로 연계 모델을 설계하였다. 제도 제고 방안은 취약계층 접근성 강화를 위한 안전바우처 및 지정업체 요건, 인력·조 직 기반 강화를 위한 표준교육·처우 기준·이직 관리, 역할 범위 목록화와 책임체계 정비를 중심으로 한 법·제도 개선의 세 축으로 체계화하였다. 본 연구는 실증 분석을 포함하지 못한 한계가 있으나, 민간경비 연계를 절차·기록·감독 중심의 책임 기반 운영모델로 제시 함으로써 신변보호 요청제도의 접근성과 실효성을 동시에 높일 수 있는 정책적 시사점을 제공한다.

This study proposes an operational design to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of the personal protection request system through structured collaboration with private security services . Personal threats have increasingly evolved from one-off incidents into continuous risk management challenges characterized by repeated intimidation , approach , surveillance , and tracking . Meanwhile , public policing faces persistent constraints in personnel, time, jurisdiction, and prioritization , making it difficult to provide immediate and sustained protection for all requests . In this context , private securityispositionednotasasubstituteforpublicpolicingbutas a complementary resource within the co-production of public safety, and the core policy issue is framed as governance and control —grounded in due process and accountability—rather than expansion. Furthermore , improvement strategies are structured around three pillars: accessibility (e.g., safety vouchers and qualified provider designation ), workforce and organizational capacity (e.g., standardized training , minimum working conditions , and retention management ), and legal -institutional reform (e.g., enumerating permissible actions and strengthening accountability mechanisms).Although thestudydoesnotincludeempirical evaluation , it provides policy implications by presenting a responsibility -based , procedure -driven collaboration model that can improve both access to protection and practical effectiveness.

지식 정보화 시대의 새로운 교육 패러다임의 변화에 따라 웹을 활용한 학습자 중심의 교육에 대한 연구가 활발해지고, 웹상에서의 정보 공유와 활발한 상호작용을 이루는 웹 기반 협동학습을 통하여 학습자의 능동적인 학습 참여와 학업성취도 향상에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 학습자가 잘 적응하기 위해서는 협동학습만을 강조하기 보다는 협동 학습과 경쟁 학습의 조화로운 활용으로 동기 유발과 학습 흥미가 있어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 공동의 목표 달성을 위해 긍정적 상호작용을 하여 학습효과를 높이고 팀 경쟁을 통해 학습동기를 촉진함으로써 학습자들이 문제저작을 통한 협동학습과정에서 주도적이고 능동적인 학습이 이루어지며 협동학습을 위해 다양하게 활용하고자 한다

Some Research is actively being done on a web-based collaborative learning system. This is changes in educational paradigm in the knowledge information age. A web-based collaborative learning system for question making is to improve the effect of studying through positive interactions between colleagues and to motivate studying through group competitions. This system is designed to active and self-leading studying when a learner do collaborative learning for question making in group. This system can help initiate and active studying to learner through a course of collaborative learning for question making. It can be used to achieve collaborative learning in various ways.

The injection mold industry has strong relationship with many other industries. In the injection mold industry, the harmonious collaboration of the order-making companies, the mold-making companies, and the molded-parts making companies, which are distantly located, is very important. In this study, a web-based collaboration system is developed for the purpose. It offers the criterion to select appropriate production companies. It also tries to minimize the production cost of the mold design by distributing and evaluating the design information. The developed system is constructed using various recent web-programming tools.

본 연구는 많은 기업이 도입하고 있는 팀 조직의 형태에서 팀 협업을 활성화 시키는 요인에 대 해 파악하고자 하였다. 그리고 팀 협업으로 인한 팀 성과의 영향과 팀 구성원의 인지적 프로세스인 정보교류체제의 매개효과와 팀 구성원의 과업에 대한 성숙도의 조절효과를 파악하고자 하였다. 실증분석의 결과에서 요인분석에 사용할 변수의 케이스와 수가 적절한지를 파악하기 위한 구형 성검정에서 KMO의 측도는 0.977, Bartlett의 유의확률은 p=0.000으로 요인분석에 무리가 없었으며, 탐색적 요인분석 결과 각 요인별 적재량이 0.50이상(eigen value 1이상)으로 적절하여 척도의 구성 타당도는 높게 나타났다. 그리고 각 요인별 신뢰계수는 0.7이상으로 문항의 내적 일관성은 모두 유 의하였다. . 구성개념간의 상관관계 분석결과, 예측타당도와 판별타당도 모두 유의하였는데, 예측타당도의 경 우 상관계수의 부호와 계수 값이 모두 유의하여 모든 가설이 정의 관계를 가지고 있는 것으로 분석 되었으며 판별타당도는 AVE값과의 비교에 의해 유의한 것으로 확인되었다. 그리고 가설검증을 위 한 경로분석결과, 구조방정식의 모델적합도를 평가하는 다양한 지수를 고려하여 유의한 모형적합도 를 가지며 정보교류체제의 부분매개를 포함한 모든 가설은 채택되었다. 검증결과, 정보교류체제의 부분매개효과가 존재하는데, 이는 팀 협업의 팀 성과에 대한 직접효과 뿐 아니라 정보교류체제를 통한 매개효과로서, 팀 구성원의 전문성과 상호간 신뢰성 및 과업조정을 통하여 팀 성과향상을 도모할 수 있는 결론에 도달하였다. 그리고 팀 구성원의 경력과 지식에 따른 직무수행 성숙도의 질적 영향에 따라 팀 성과가 영향을 받는 조절효과를 확인하였다.

The environment surrounding modern enterprise organizations requests tremendous changes of business management in terms of being proactive. Also, high competition, various demands of customers, fast market changes and innovative technologies request organizations to be changed for sustaining and growth of their business. To achieve these objectives, organizations have implemented several management and support systems and standards. In addition, most of enterprise organizations adapted team system from 19th Century and became a very complex matrix organization and it results unexpected collaboration issues. In team system, organizations need to recruit high capable human resources and retain them to be core asset of the company and team collaboration must be fundamental function for each team and members to achieve high performance. But paradoxically, collaborations are not always successful in most organizations due to many factors such as non-shared goal, unbalanced incentive system, personal characters, attitude or ideologies and intangible hurdles inside of organization. In this research, we tried to figure out main factors of team collaboration that enable people work together for high performance through series of in-depth interviews for key people of each team in 3 years period. And, also we tried to find out mediation effect of Transactive Memory Systems which is a part of cognitive process and the most recent topic of social science to team performance. Also, we tried to leverage maturity which consists of job and psychological maturity to be a high performance team. Analysis has been done by structural equation model using AMOS with 430 samples out of 600 for ICT companies. The KMO verification, Bartlett p value showed good model fitness. Exploratory and confirmative factor analysis also showed good validity and credibility. Correlation analysis resulted 3 factors: Team collaboration, TMS and Team performance. The verifiable results of path analysis showed all three hypothesizes have been passed and several indexes such as RMR, RMESEA, GFI, AGFI, NFI and CFI showed proper level. Demography analysis showed male, elder, longer working period in team and higher education level has high score than the others. Regarding mediation and moderate effects, direct and indirect effect have been analyzed and the result showed TMS has partial mediation effect to team performance and maturity has exact moderate effect between TMS and team performance so that all hypothesizes are passed. This research has many practical implications to modern enterprise organizations. With the quantitative analysis which has been done for team collaboration with the most common and high priority factors which have been founded through series of in-depth interviews showed that enterprise organizations can use this result for improving their collaboration levels and launch targeted programs for high performance. Also, detailed analysis and role of TMS can provide tools for high performance as well because TMS can increase the level of expertise, credibility to other team members and it also allocate necessary resources for specific task. It will result not only personal commitment but also team performance and it may be extended to human resource plan for structuring teams. Lastly, it will provide norm to current situation of team collaboration and will be help to find barriers of collaboration and solution to enhance team collaboration.

The objective of this paper is to study the establishing system of truck collaboration and to reduce traffic cost for participating transportation enterprises. The system of truck collaboration can enhance the transport efficiency and to reduce traffic cost without new investment for trucks and equipments. The type of truck collaboration should be enumerated (1) the system of head and branch base (2) the system of central terminal (3) the system of separating collection and delivery for cargo (4) the system of cooperating cargo order and truck allocation. The efficiency of truck collaboration is possible to be realized for transportation enterprises, receiver and sender of cargo.

Large and small company, government and businesses must contract to supply goods and services in economic-ecosystem world. I suggest new notary system is required in the process of implementing the agreement and the contract. And I propose a law to improve that named ‘fair contract pubic lawyer’ can litigate about unfair trade that is find himself at notarized document with company support organization.