Earticle

본 연구는 신체이동을 나타내는 한국어와 일본어가 Talmy 유형론의 전형적인 사역이동과 연관성이 있는지 조사하였다. 구체적으로는 전형적인 사역이동에서 나타나는 동사와 신체 부 위를 목적어로 하는 영어의 신체이동 표현을 한국어와 일본어가 어떻게 대응하는지 병렬 코 퍼스를 작성하여 빈도를 산출하였다. 조사 결과 두 언어 모두 사역 수단도 양태도 아닌 기타 동사로 대응하는 경우가 많았다. 이는 영어의 부차적인 사역이동 정보를 그대로 대응하기 어 려워 신체이동의 다른 측면을 보여줌으로써 전체상을 완성시키려 한다는 점에서 사역이동과 연관성이 있다고 보았다. 또한 두 언어 모두 타동사 표현이 많았는데, 여기에는 두 언어에 많 았던 기타 동사가 타동사 표현을 취하여 영어의 부차적인 사역 정보를 유지하려는 영향이 있 는 것으로 보았다. 두 언어 모두 타동사 표현 중에서도 재귀사보다 신체 부위를 목적어로 하 는 경우가 대부분이었는데, 주체와 일체화된 자기를 나타내기 위해 이동 사건이 아닌 전경 고정으로 대응하는 경우도 있었다.

This paper examines the concept of body motion in Japanese and Korean. This has been excluded from the concept of caused motion, because the causer and causee are inseparable. The concepts of ‘subject’ and ‘self’ from Hirose (1997) give a hint of an analysis of body motion. The findings in this study demonstrated that, both languages had the most semantic elements that could be classified as ‘other’, which are neither the cause nor the manner of caused motion. This is a strategy that attempts to complete the picture by presenting another aspect of body motion because it cannot accommodate the details of the coevents in English, so it can be said that it is related to typical caused motion. Of note, is the notion that in both languages, there were transitive expressions with nouns representing body parts as objects. It was seen that the aspect of maintaining secondary information in English played a major role while expressing the ‘self’ integrated with the ‘subject’.

The purpose of this study is to enhance health promotion of sedentary workers by examining the impact of the gravitational accelerate vibration exercise on the range of hip joint motion and the reduction of lower back pain, and suggest appropriate exercise treatment to them. For this study, 30 sedentary workers who had been suffering from lower back pain for more than three months were randomly chosen. They were divided into an experimental group and a control group, and each 15 workers’ body composition, level of pain, and the range of hip joint motion were measured. For the experimental group, a 12 week exercise program to reduce lower back pain and improve the range of hip joint motion was applied, while any treatment was applied to the control group. Then, the post-measurement was conducted after 12 weeks. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and the mean and standard deviation were obtained. Also, a paired t-test was performed to examine the difference of pre- and post-analysis in the groups, and an independent sample t-test was performed to examine the difference between the groups. The results revealed that there was a decrease in a statistically significant mean difference (p < 0.05) of body fat in the experimental group. Also, there was an increase in statistically significant mean difference(p < 0.001) of the range of hip joint motion in the experimental group, whereas there was a decrease in the controlled group. In addition, there existed a decrease in significant difference (p < 0.001) of VAS. Also, there was a decrease in significant difference (p < 0.001) of KODI in the experimental group, whereas there was an increase in the controlled group. In conclusion, the gravitational accelerate vibration exercise had a positive effect on reducing body fat of sedentary workers, and it was effective in increasing the range of hip joint motion. Therefore, the gravitational accelerate vibration exercise can be seen as an effective treatment so as to increase the range of hip joint motion and reduce lower back pain. Therefore, this study is meaningful in stating that the gravitational accelerate vibration exercise is an effective treatment for the range of hip joint motion and lower back pain.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of cross-body stretching (CBS) and modified cross-body stretching (MCBS) on the range of motion (ROM) of glenohumeral joint (GHJ) in healthy subjects. METHODS: Thirty subjects were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: CBS group without stabilization of scapula (n=15) and MCBS group with stabilization of scapula (n=15). We measured horizontal adduction and internal rotation ROM of GHJ in pre- and post-intervention. The data were analyzed using the analyses of covariate (ANCOVA) and least significant difference (LSD) post hoc tests (p=.05). RESULTS: In the post-intervention, the MCBS group had a significantly greater increase in horizontal adduction ROM (mean ${\pm}$ SD, $11.46^{\circ}{\pm}0.83^{\circ}$) compared to the CBS group ($7.81^{\circ}{\pm}0.83^{\circ}$) (p=.007) and a greater increase in internal rotation ROM ($62.27^{\circ}{\pm}0.74^{\circ}$) compared to the CBS group ($59.20^{\circ}{\pm}0.74^{\circ}$) (p=.004). CONCLUSION: A single session application of an MCBS provides immediate more improvements in both horizontal adduction and internal rotation ROM than CBS. These results suggest that application of MCBS with stabilization of scapula may be a more useful to gain ROM of GHJ than CBS without stabilization of scapula.

목적: 본 연구는 체형검사 시 피험자의 선 자세(standing position)에서 두 발을 벌려 선 자세(normal standing position: NSP)와 두 발을 붙여 선 자세(straight standing position: SSP)가 각각 다른 체형검사 결과를 나타낼 수 있는 지에 대하여 연구하고, 이미지 검사장치의 위치에 따라서도 다른 체형검사 결과를 나타낼 수 있는지에 대하여 연구하 는 것이 목적이었다. 연구방법: NSP와 SSP에서 이미지 검사를 하여 두 자세의 사례 1과 사례 2의 인체형태를 비교하 였다. 검사 시 카메라의 위치는 피검자의 후방 45 cm 지점에서 수직으로 2.3 m 위치의 카메라가 피검자 후면의 머리, 어깨, 등, 허리, 엉덩이, 종아리, 발뒤꿈치가 모두 포함되는 이미지를 캡처하였다. 캡처 시 피검자의 앞가슴이 나타나지 않도록 하였다. 결과: 체형검사 시 해부학적 자세의 생리적 특성은 생체이며, 이에 따라 인체의 후면이 보이게 수평면 으로 관찰 하는 경우 NSP와 SSP 체형검사 결과 골반의 전방경사와 회전변위 이미지가 다르게 나타났다. 체간 신전 검 사 결과에서 어깨, 팔, 목 주변 근육의 변형이 관찰되었다. 결론: 검사 시 NSP와 SSP의 골반의 위치 결과 이미지는 골 반변위와 골반경사각이 다르게 평가되며, 체간의 신전을 유도하여 최대 신전 범위에서의 검사법에서 어깨 전면부 근 육의 좌우 단축을 관찰 할 수 있는 것으로 나타나 체간의 신전을 유도하여 검사하는 방법도 유용한 방법으로 평가된다.

Purposes: The purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between the standing position of the subject and the normal standing position(NSP) and the straight standing position(SSP) and to investigate the possibility of different body shape test results depending on the status of the image inspection apparatus. Methods: The images of the NSP and SSP were compared with each other by body line BLS system. Results: At the time of examination, the position of the camera was captured at a position 2.3 m vertically from the posterior position 45 cm behind the subject. This is a privacy protection method for covering the breast of the subject. Results: The physiological characteristics of the anatomical position of the body align image test are the living body. NSP and SSP tests showed different shapes of the pelvis AS(antero-supero) and pelvis rotation in the transverse plane. Shoulder and arm displacement was observed in the trunk extension image capture. Conclusions: In the body alignment test, the pelvis position test images of NSP and SSP are evaluated differently for pelvis rotation, AS, and PS. At the extension position of the trunk, a test of the maximal extension range showed that the left and right shortening of the shoulder anterior muscles could be observed. Inducing and testing the trunk extension is also useful.

이제까지의 전통춤에 관한 연구는 무용의 사회학적, 인류학적 배경 등을 통한 춤사위 연구가 대부분이었으며, 춤 동작이 움직임의 원리로써 중요성이나 연계성, 오류 등을 지적한 연구가 미비하였다. 전통춤은 도제식 교육으로 정확한 움직임의 구조를 논리적으로 이해하지 못한 상태에서 지도자의 동작을 문제의식 없이 수용하고 잘못된 동작에 대한 체계적인 수정이 이루어지지 못한 것이 사실이다. 본 논문의 연구목적은 택견의 제기차기를 통하여 전통춤(처용무와 탈춤)에서 보여지는 하체 움직임의 오류를 바로잡아 하체 움직임의 중요성을 고취시키고 사라져가고 있는 남성춤의 선비다운 면모를 회복하기 위함이다.

So far, most studies on the Korean traditional dance have focused on dancing motions in view of its sociological and anthropological backgrounds, and there have been few studies pointing out the importance, the linkage or the error of dancing motions based on principles of motion. In fact, the Korean traditional dance is instructed through the apprentice education system with no logical understanding of the structure of correct motions, and thus, a master’s motions are learned with no critical mind, and wrong motions fail to be corrected systematically. This study is to correct errors of the lower body motion viewed in the Korean traditional dance (Cheoyong Dance and Mask Dance) so that the importance of the lower body motion may be more emphasized and features of a learned man contained in the masculine dance, which are disappearing, may be restored.

가상현실 경험에서 높은 감각적 몰입으로 시각으로 지각되는 정보와 전정기관, 체성감각 등 감각기가 지각하는 정보 간에 불일치가 생기면서 가상현실 멀미가 일어나 기기의 보급에 장애가 되고 있다. 본 연구는 기존의 감각의 충돌 이론에 착안하여 모션 컨트롤러로 대표되는 새로운 전반적인 신체의 움직임이 각성 정도와 현존감에 영향을 끼치며, 가상현실 멀미를 촉발할 수 있고 각성 정도는 감각적 몰입, 현존감과 깊은 관계가 있다는 가설을 세우고 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 특히 컨트롤을 위한 전체적인 신체의 움직임에 집중하여, 몸-머리 움직임과 대조하여 연구하였다. 실험의 결과로 신체 움직임과 각성 정도 간에 유의한 상관관계를 확인할 수 있었고, 현존감에 대해서도 일정 정도 유의한 상관 관계가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또, 신체의 움직임이 있을 때, 안경의 착용 유무가 관측되는 가상현실 멀미에 중재변수로 역할을 하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Though new body movement based input system immerged in Virtual Reality (VR), VR still has a visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) problem to be accepted for users. VIMS are caused by changes in visually perceived movement that discord with vestibular system's sense of movement. Not only Head-body movements, but also hand gestures to make commands and torso movement can affect visual movement perception by enhancing immersion and its psychological product; presence. The question arises does whole body movement and hand gesture to make commands are more dominant to arousal, presence, and VIMS? To address this question, we conducted "2 (IV1; head-body movements only vs. whole body movements) * 1" between subject design experiment. The results showed that significant effect on whole body movements and arousal, marginally significant effect on presence. Eyewear usage was a moderator between hand gesture and presence relationship.

본 논문에서는 모션 캡쳐 시스템을 통해 퍼포머의 표정 퍼포먼스 정보를 획득하고 해부학적으로 분해한 후, 제작된 임의의 3차원 모델에 퍼포먼스 정보를 전이해서 3차원 얼굴 애니메이션을 생성하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해 모션 캡쳐 데이터로부터 얼굴 모션을 해부학적으로 헤드, 턱, 피부 동작으로 분해하는 방법과 추출된 피부 근육 모션으로부터 얼굴 근육 제어 파라미터를 추출하는 기술 및 퍼포먼스 전이 엔진 기술을 연구하고 구현하였다. 이에 따라, 주로 인간의 몸체 애니메이션을 위해 사용하는 모션 캡쳐 데이터를 얼굴에도 적용하여 보다 자연스럽고 사실적인 얼굴 애니메이션을 실시간으로 생성해 내는 것이 가능해져서 3D 애니메이션, 영화 및 3D 게임 등 다양한 엔터테인먼트 분야에 적용가능하다.

In this paper, we propose the method that capture the facial performance information, decompose it byanatomic features, transfer it to the arbitrary 3D model, and finally produce the 3D facial animation. To realizethese ideas, our researches are focused on three major implementation issues : anatomic decomposition offacial motion into head, jaw and skin motion, abstraction of facial muscle control parameter, and performancetransition engine. As a result, it is possible to produce the natural and realistic facial animation in the areas of3D animation, films, and 3D games.

최근 카메라, 캠코더 및 CCTV 등의 사용이 활발해지면서 영상 처리 기술의 수요가 급증하고 있다. 특히 키넥트 센서와 같은 깊이(Depth) 카메라를 사용한 3D 영상 기술에 대한 연구개발이 더욱더 활성화되고 있다. 키넥트 센서는 RGB, 골격(Skeleton) 및 깊이(Depth) 영상을 통해 인체의 3D 골격 구조를 실시간 프레임 단위로 획득할 수 있는 고성능 카메라이다. 본 논문에서는 키넥트 센서를 사용하여 인체의 3D 골격 구조를 모션 캡처하고 범용으로 사용되고 있는 모션 파일 포맷(*.trc 및 *.bvh)으로 선택하여 저장할 수 있는 시스템을 개발한다. 또한 본 시스템은 광학식 모션 캡처 파일 포맷(*.trc)을 자기식 모션 캡처 파일 포맷(*.bvh)으로 변환할 수 있도록 하는 기능을 가진다. 마지막으로 본 논문에서는 키넥트 센서를 사용하여 캡처한 모션 데이터가 제대로 캡처되어졌는지 모션 캡처 데이터 뷰어를 통하여 확인한다.

Recently, there is increasing demand for image processing technology while activated the use of equipments such as camera, camcorder and CCTV. In particular, research and development related to 3D image technology using the depth camera such as Kinect sensor has been more activated. Kinect sensor is a high-performance camera that can acquire a 3D human skeleton structure via a RGB, skeleton and depth image in real-time frame-by-frame. In this paper, we develop a system. This system captures the motion of a 3D human skeleton structure using the Kinect sensor. And this system can be stored by selecting the motion file format as trc and bvh that is used for general purposes. The system also has a function that converts TRC motion captured format file into BVH format. Finally, this paper confirms visually through the motion capture data viewer that motion data captured using the Kinect sensor is captured correctly.

본 연구에서는 실시간 모션 분석 시스템을 개발하고 검증하기 위해 데이터 수집, 알고리즘 개발, GUI 및 소프트웨 어 테스트 등을 수행하였다. 먼저, 데이터 수집 및 전처리 결과로 다양한 운동 동작을 수행하는 참여자의 영상을 촬영하여 이미지 데이터를 수집하고, 관절 위치 정보를 라벨링하여 학습 데이터를 구축하였다. 이를 통해 모델이 운동 동작을 정확 하게 인식하고 분석할 ]수 있도록 체계적으로 데이터를 구성하였다. 다음으로, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)과 Part Affinity Fields (PAFs) 알고리즘을 활용하여 관절 위치 추출과 관절 각도 계산을 수행하였으며, 이를 통해 객체의 동작 분석 및 상호작용 예측에 유용한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. GUI 개발 결과로는 모션 데이터의 실시간 시각 화 및 분석을 가능케 하는 다양한 기능을 개발하였으며, 입력된 영상 위에 오버레이로 모션 데이터를 시각적으로 표시하 고, 감지된 인원 수, FPS, 프레임수 등의 정보를 제공하여 사용자에게 편리한 환경을 제공하였다. 소프트웨어 실행 결과에 서는 실시간으로 참여자의 동작을 탐지하고, 관절 위치를 정확하게 출력하였으며, OpenPose 라이브러리를 활용하여 실시간 캠 촬영을 통해 프레임을 움직임을 실시간으로 인식하였으며, 관절의 각도 또한 직관적인 측정 App을 통해 측정 을 오차범위 안으로 검증하였다.

In this study, data collection, algorithm development, GUI and software tests were performed to develop and verify a real-time motion analysis system. First, image data were collected by photographing images of participants performing various exercise movements as a result of data collection and preprocessing, and training data was constructed by labeling joint location information. Through this, the data was systematically constructed so that the model could accurately recognize and analyze the exercise motion. Next, joint position extraction and joint angle calculation were performed using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Part Affinity Fields (PAFs) algorithms, and through this, useful results were obtained for analyzing the motion of objects and predicting the interaction. As a result of GUI development, various functions were developed to enable real-time visualization and analysis of motion data, and motion data was visually displayed as an overlay on the input image, and information such as the number of detected people, FPS, and frames was provided to provide a convenient environment to users. In the software execution results, participants' movements were detected in real-time, joint positions were accurately output, frame movements were recognized in real-time through real-time cam shooting using the OpenPose library, and the angle of the joint was also verified within the error range through an intuitive measurement app.

본 연구는 특정한 기공 상태에서 자연스럽게 나타나는 자발공의 행태를 개발한 곽동열(2012) 논문의 행공동작 의 구체성과 氣感를 찾아서 분석하는 것이 연구의 주된 목적이 있다. 자발공의 행법 행공은 6단계에 각각 5식의 행공 을 도출하여 총 30행공이 연결된 자발공의 형태를 개발하였다. 개발된 자발공 형태를 보면 준비 및 팔 행공단계, 전면 몸통 행공단계, 다리 행공단계, 복부 행공단계, 등·머리 행공단계, 온몸 행공단계 및 수공단계로 분석을 하였다. 이는 몸 전체가 연결되어 자연스럽게 운기시켜 몸과 마음의 조화를 이루게 한 것이다. 자발행공의 동작은 운기를 위한 것이 므로 움직이지 않는 부위는 근육이 수축하고 움직이는 부위는 상대적으로 근육이 이완된다. 호흡은 단전호흡으로 내 쉬고 들이쉰다. 의식은 동작의 움직임을 단순히 따라간다. 기감 변화는 동작이 올라갈 때 기운이 강해지고 내려올 때 기운이 약해진다. 제1단계의 준비 및 팔 행공단계이며 기감 부위는 주로 양손바닥이다. 제2단계는 몸통 행공단계이며 기감 부위는 가슴, 양옆구리, 하복부이다. 제3단계는 다리 행공단계이며. 기감 부위는 왼쪽다리부터 하단전까지이다. 제4단계는 복부 행공단계이며 기감 부위는 하단전을 중심으로 좌우상하로 움직인다. 제5단계는 등과 머리 행공단계이 며 기감 부위는 머리부터 미골 부위까지이다. 제6단계는 몸 전체 및 수공단계이며 기감 부위는 몸 전체 및 하단전이다. 결론적으로 자발행공 행법의 특징을 보면 행법의 동작은 시작과 끝이 연결되어 나타나는 자연스러운 동작을 근간으로 이루어졌고, 몸 전체를 6단계로 나누어 골고루 운기시키며, 멈춤과 움직임, 굽힘과 펼침, 수축과 이완, 상승과 하강을 반 복하게 나타내어 기운의 평형을 유지하고 있다. 자발공은 의식과 무의식이 공존하는 상태에서 정극생동의 원리에 의하여 몸에 대한 정보를 갖고 자연발생적으로 일정한 형태를 갖추고 기운을 운기시키기 위한 목적에서 나타나는 동 작이라 판단된다.

The purpose of this study is to analysis of feeling of the developed motion of spontaneous Qigong naturally appearing in the particular Qigong state for mind and body therapy. For the spontaneous qigong exercise, there have been developed 5 types of Haenggongs (practical motions) for each of 6 levels, 30 Haenggongs in total. The types of developed Spontaneous Qigong were analyzed as the preparatory and arm haenggong, the front body haenggong, the leg haenggong, the abdominal haenggong, the back and head haenggong, the whole body haenggong and sugong levels. This is to harmonize the body and mind by connecting the whole body and moving the qi naturally. As the motions of spontaneous qigong are for the movement of qi, the muscle is contracted at the non-moving part and relaxed relatively at the moving part. The respiration is conducted with the danjeon (abdominal) breathing. The consciousness just follows the movement of arm. In the change of gi-feeling, the power of qi gets stronger when legs go up; the power gets weaker when legs go down. The first level is the preparatory and arm haenggong and its qi-feeling part is mainly the both palms. The second level is the body haenggong and its qi-feeling part is the chest, both rib sides and the lower abdomen. The third level is the leg haenggong and its qi-feeling part is from the left leg and to the lower danjeon. The fourth level is the abdominal haenggong and its qi-feeling part is around the lower danjeon. The fifth level is the back and head haenggong and its qi-feeling part is from the head to the tailbone. The sixth level is the whole body and sugong and its qi-feeling part is the whole body and the lower danjeon. In conclusion, the spontaneous qigong has the characteristic that the movement of haenggong is based on the natural conducts which the start and the end are mutually connected. The qi is moved evenly around the whole body in six levels, maintaining the balance of qi or energy through the repetition of moving and stopping, bending and stretching, contracting and relaxing and ascending and descending. It can be said the spontaneous qigong is the practice to circulate the energy in the body by establishing the specific form of spontaneous generation with the information of body based on the principle of consciousness and unconsciousness are coexisting.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of Whole Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) exercise on muscle strengthening, pain, and range of motion (ROM) in subjects with lumbar instability. 30 subjects with lumbar back pain were recruited for this study. They were randomly divided into experimental group with WB-EMS and control group without WB-EMS, 15 in each. Both groups received a total of 30 minutes of intervention programs, respectively. Measurements were made before and after the intervention. Muscle strength was measured from the trunk flexor and extensor muscles using a handheld dynamometer. Perceived pain was measured by using the visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). The ROM was used by modified-modified Schober test (MMST)at the flexion and extension of trunk. The following statistical analysis was performed: an independent t-test for the general characteristics of the subjects, 2×2 analysis of variance with repeated measures for the strength, pain and ROM. There was significant group×time interaction effect in the flexor strength (F1,28=30.160, p=.000), extensor strength (F=6.147, p=.019), VAS (F1,28=10.270, p=.003), ODI(F=29.210, p=.000), MMST at flexion (F=7.337, p=.011), MMST at extension (F=5.332, p=.029). These findings suggest that WB-EMS may be helpful to improve strength, pain, and ROM in subjects with lumbar instability.

본 연구는 배드민턴 초등학교 선수의 백핸드 드롭 동작 개선을 위하여 중학교, 고등학교 선수의 백핸드 드롭 동작을 비교분석 하였다. 이를 위하여 남자 초등학교 선수 6명과 중학교 선수 6명, 고등학교 선수 6명을 대상으로백핸드 드롭 동작을 영상분석 및 근전도 분석을 통하여 비교분석 하였다. 동작의 운동학적 변인 및 근전도 변인의 통계적 차이를 알아보기 위해 일원분산분석을 실시하였다(p<.05). 본 연구에서 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 드롭동작 시 라켓헤드 속도는 초등학교 선수가 고등학교 선수에 비하여 빠르게 나타났으며, 팔꿈치 각은 고등학교 선수가 초등학교 선수와 중학교 선수에 비하여 작게 나타났다. 손 분절 외전 각속도는 초등학교 선수가 가장 느린것으로 나타났다. 백스윙 구간에서 승모근 적분 근전도는 초등학교 선수가 고등학교 선수에 비하여 크게 나타났다. 포워드 구간에서 승모근 평균 근전도와 적분 근전도는 고등학교 선수가 다른 선수들에 비하여 가장 적은 것으로 나타났다. 결과를 통해 손목분절의 신전 각속도를 크게 하여 셔틀콕을 빠르게 낚아채는 동작을 하도록 하며, 팔꿈치 굴곡을 많이 이용하고 팔로스루 구간에서 승모근의 힘을 빼는 것이 효과적이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic variables to improve the backhand drop motion for badminton players in elementary school. For this study, image analysis and EMG analysis for backhand drop motion was conducted a comparative analysis for each 6 badminton players in elementary, middle, high school. In order to find the statistical difference of kinematic and muscle activity variables of backhand drop, a one-way analysis of variance was conducted(p<.05). The results were as follows. In backhand drop motion, the racket head velocity of elementary school players was faster than high school players, the elbow angle of high school players was smaller than elementary school, middle school players. The abductor angular velocity of hand segment was the most slow in elementary school players. The trapezius muscle integral calculus electromyogram was bigger in elementary school players than high school players during the back swing. During the forward, the trapezius muscle average electromyogram and integral calculus electromyogram of high school players were the most small among three groups. Based on the results, for the effective backhand drop, players drag a shuttle cock downwardly with lots of extension velocity of wrist and relax the trapezius muscle in follow-through phase with lots of elbow flexion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of applying a functional pillow of body classification on elderly persons’ neck muscles and range of motion. Twenty-five subjects aged >65 years participated in an 8-week program that included applying a functional pillow of body classification. Neck muscle function was measured by using Myotone (Myoton AS, Estonia) at pre-intervention, at 4 weeks of the intervention, and at 8 weeks after the intervention. The subjects’ neck ranges of motion changed significantly between preintervention and after 8 weeks. Furthermore, the splenius muscle significantly changed after using the functional pillow of body classification and there was an improvement in the subjects’ neck ranges of motion and muscle functions. Based on these results, we conclude that using a functional pillow of body classification improved neck range of motion and neck muscle function, which led to the improvement of body posture and muscle functions.

This study was presented the small action by the budge sonance function. An estimation of budge sonance function was acquired displacements across all condition with a variation of small action. The budge sonance function was to be indicated to express the flow rate of body motion. Their function was suggested an issue of the action condition by budge sonance. This system was proposed a combination of the body motion and small action. The acquired sonance signal was to render the small action of body motion with budge sonance function. The analysis of budge function was generally realized a variation from displacements on the fast body motion. Budge sonance signal of action that vision condition was acquired to a variation of the Vi-βAVG with (-4.954)±(-5.42) units, that vestibular condition was acquired to a variation for the Ve-βAVG with (-2.288)±0.212 units, that somatosensory condition was acquired to a variation for the So-βAVG with (-0.47)±0.511 units, that CNS condition was acquired to a variation for the C-βAVG with (-0.171)±(-0.012) units. Budge sonance function was proposed the small action from axial action on body control. We know a body motion response from axial action was not only variation of budge sonance, but also body motion of fast body motion.

General gait design for a walking robot has an assumption that the weight of a leg is negligible compared to that of body. Under the assumption, only the gravity center of the body is taken into consideration in the gait design since the total gravity center of whole robot coincides always with the gravity center of the body only. Roughly speaking, however, motion of a weighty leg has serious influence on stable walking of a quadruped robot in practical sense. In this paper, an impedance control for body sway motion is proposed to compensate the influence of a weighty leg on the total gravity center of the robot, so that the walking stability is secured in accordance with the pre-designed gait with consideration of the gravity center of the body only.

Body physical technique is to pursuit the dynamic motion by the physical index(PI) and sensory index(SI) on the physical body function. Function of the physical body by the motor condition is organized the dynamic physical system. For the physical motion of signal, we is defined a runout value of the body function by the physical index on the dynamic state. The concept of body physical index was identified the reference of physical index and sensory index by the body technique. As to detect a variation of the body physical technique-runout physical index(BPT-RPI) of the maximum and average and minimum in terms of physical motion, and the dynamic sensory value that was a runout function of the vision variation of the Vi-ξMAX-AVG-MIN with 2.53±4.85 units, that was a runout function of the vestibular variation of the Ve-ξMAX-AVG-MIN with (-0.69±2.32)units, that was a runout function of the somatosensory variation of the So-ξMAX-AVG-MIN with (-1.43±-1.36) units. The dynamic physical motion will be to confirm at the variable function of the runout motion for the body function values of dynamic physical index on the BPT-RPI that was identified an evaluation of the physical sensory function by the dynamic physical system. Runout body system was mentioned of a physical body situation by the mild moving and was refer a runout data of dynamic physical nervous index.

We purposed to propose a method to analyze the movement during whole-body exercise using a 2D camera. Specifically, we filmed the participants performing a specific whole body movement in front of the 2D camera in a normal state and a Pseudo-Elderly state that imitated the posture of older adults. We used the posture analysis algorithm YOLO to obtain two-dimensional spatial coordinate information for 16 parts of the body and perform a movement analysis for the two states. Consequently, we were unable to identify any significant differences between young people and the Pseudo-Elderly in terms of the total amount of differences in the coordinates of the 𝑥-axis (lateral movement) and 𝑦-axis (front-back movement) for the 16 parts of the body. However, we could identify significant differences between young people and the Pseudo-Elderly by analyzing each part of the body, such as the head and ankle. Since we suppose that the method proposed in this study can analyze the movement state of whole body movements using a 2D camera that is usually used in daily life, we hope to apply it to a system for monitoring and improving the movement of older adults at home and a system for early detection of diseases with movement disorders in the future.

This paper proposes a method of simulating the movements of the human body by automatically extracting the characteristics of an object from a camera and sending them to mobile devices. In this method, a RGB color video from a camera was converted into hue, saturation, and intensity images for extracting the silhouettes of the human body using digital subtraction of the images. Using the corner points and modeling information from the extracted silhouettes, joints are automatically detected and used as each connection points of the object. Also, block-matching algorithms were applied to extracted joints to track the characteristics, which are sent to mobile devices. On the mobile devices, body movements are simulated using the received joints. The results showed that the method automatically detects silhouettes and joints and effectively simulates the human body using the extracted joints. Also, the tracking of the joints were reflected in the mapped body, allowing for appropriate tracking the movements.