Earticle

This study aimed to synthesize a bio-based UV-curable polymer, itaconated epoxidized soybean oil (IESO), using epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) and itaconic acid (IA) as replacements for acrylic polymers. Vinyl acetate (VAc) was added to improve the polymerization rate, adhesion, and water resistance of IESO. The itaconated epoxidized soybean oil/Vinyl acetate (IESO/VAc) content was adjusted to ratios of 9:1, 7:3, and 5:5, then IESO/VAc coated paper and standalone films were produced using a UV curing system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed a decrease in C=C bond intensity after UV curing, indicating successful radical polymerization. The adhesion test demonstrated stable adhesive performance, and the water contact angle confirmed that the coating exhibits significant hydrophobicity. In the recycling test, all samples dissolved, indicating that IESO/VAc is a bio-based material that can be chemically recycled. Consequently, IESO/VAc blends have the potential to replace fossil-based curable polymer and may be used as coatings for paper packaging.

Virtual Machine (VM) migration has become quite prevalent in cloud computing. Numerous VM migration-oriented techniques are required for efficient VM allocation but continue to struggle due to incorrect energy usage in the cloud model. Bio-inspired R&D-WOA (Re-initialization and Decomposition-Whale Optimization Algorithm) is proposed by integrating WOA with NSGA-II algorithm to discover Pareto-optimal solutions. The proposed algorithm optimizes the allocation of the task to VM which diminishes the number of VM migrations, thereby lowering the migration cost and energy consumption. The efficiency of the Bio-inspired R&D-WOA is 67%, 7%, 1%, and 1.98% improved than the performance of existing WOA with regard to load, migration cost, energy utilized, and resource abundance respectively. At a similar level of load, it provided 24.80% efficiency in energy, 31.77% reduction in migration cost with maximal resource availability of 0.9917 compared to the ChicWhale algorithm.

The world population is aging. As people tend to live longer, the chance of getting a chronic disease such as heart attack and stroke increases. Currently, medical tests do not reflect the elderly true conditions. As we begin to enter the 4th industrial revolution, the constant monitoring of real-time bio-signals will play a significant role in elderly healthcare monitoring. In this paper, we discuss what are some common biosignals for real-time monitoring, how wearable sensors help in its uptake and applications in the healthcare services. We also present our framework for stoke detection and health monitoring for the elderly. The proposed system generates an alarm or a warning message if any abnormalities found in real-time physiological data. The use of real-time bio-signals is expected to contribute significantly to the elderly population health care and medical cost and the development of personalized medical care.

구리는 우수한 특성, 특히 높은 전도성과 낮은 저항으로 인해 전기/전자 제조 산업에 널리 사용되는 비철금속 중 하나이다. 이러한 산업의 표면 처리 공정에서는 구리 함량이 높은 폐수가 발생하며, 직간접적으로 수계로 배출된다. 이는 심각한 환경 오염을 일으키고 또한귀중한 유용금속의 손실을 초래한다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여, 효율적이고 저렴하며 친환경적인 흡착제를 찾기 위한 목적으로 흡착 분야에서 전 세계적으로 지속적인 연구개발이 진행되고 있다. 이러한 점을 고려하여, 본 연구에서는 위와 같은 폐수로부터 구리 흡착을 위한 바이오 흡착제로서 식물뿌리(Datura 뿌리 분말)의 성능을 합성 흡착제(Tulsion T-42)와 비교하였다. 실험은 흡착제 투여량, 접촉시간, pH, 주입액 농도 등의 변수들을 최적화하기 위하여 회분식으로 수행되었다. 초기구리농도가 100 ppm이고 pH가 4인 주입액에서, 0.2 g Datura 뿌리 분말을 15분간 접촉하였을 때 구리 흡착율은 95%이었으며, 0.1 g Tulsion T-42은 30분간 접촉에서 95%의 흡착율을 나타내었다. 두 흡착제의 흡착 데이터는 Freundlich 등온선과 잘 일치하였으며, 유사 2차 속도식을 따르는 것을 나타내었다. 전체 결과는 본연구의 바이오 흡착제가 표면처리 공정의 폐액 또는 폐수로부터 금속 회수에 적용될 가능성을 보여주고 있다.

Copper is one of the non-ferrous metals used in the electrical/electronic manufacturing industries due to its superior properties particularly the high conductivity and less resistivity. The effluent generated from the surface finishing process of these industries contains higher copper content which gets discharged in to water bodies directly or indirectly. This causes severe environmental pollution and also results in loss of an important valuable metal. To overcome this issue, continuous R & D activities are going on across the globe in adsorption area with the purpose of finding an efficient, low cost and ecofriendly adsorbent. In view of the above, present investigation was made to compare the performance of a plant root (Datura root powder) as a bio-adsorbent to that of the synthetic one (Tulsion T-42) for copper adsorption from such effluent. Experiments were carried out in batch studies to optimize parameters such as adsorbent dose, contact time, pH, feed concentration, etc. Results of the batch experiments indicate that 0.2 g of Datura root powder and 0.1 g of Tulsion T-42 showed 95% copper adsorption from an initial feed/solution of 100 ppm Cu at pH 4 in contact time of 15 and 30 min, respectively. Adsorption data for both the adsorbents were fitted well to the Freundlich isotherm. Experimental results were also validated with the kinetic model, which showed that the adsorption of copper followed pseudo-second order rate expression for the both adsorbents. Overall result demonstrates that the bio-adsorbent tested has a potential applicability for metal recovery from the waste solutions/effluents of metal finishing units. In view of the requirements of commercial viability and minimal environmental damage there from, Datura root powder being an effective material for metal uptake, may prove to be a feasible adsorbent for copper recovery after the necessary scale-up studies.

본 연구는 농식품 부산물인 쌀겨를 주원료로 활용하여 시트형 바이오 텍스타일인 쌀가죽을 개발하고, 이를 패션 디자인에 실험적으로 적용하여 지속 가능한 소재로서의 가능성을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 기존 천연가죽은 무두질 과정에서 환경 오염과 윤리적 문제가 발생하여 대체 소재 개발의 필요성이 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 바이오레더에 관해서는 균사체, 박테리아 셀룰로스, 식물성 폐기물 기반 등 다양한 연구가 이루어지고 있으나, 지역 기반 자원의 활용과 디자인 적용을 병행한 연구는 상대적으로 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 한국 농업 부산물인 쌀겨에 주목하여, 부가가치가 낮은 나머지 자원의 물질적 가능성을 패션 소재로 확장하고자 하였다. 연구 방법은 실천을 통해 지식을 창출하는 방법론인 실천 기반 연구를 바탕으로, 반복적 순환망 모델에 따라 창의적 실험, 응용 실천, 성찰적 이론화의 과정을 유기적으로 순환하며 진행하였다. 창의적 실험 단계에서는 쌀겨와 알긴산을 기반으로 한 바이오 시트 제작 실험을 다섯 차례 반복 수행하 며, 글리세린 함량, 혼합 방식, 숙성 조건, 건조 방식, 몰드 유형에 따른 물성 변화를 체계적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 쌀가죽의 취성과 파손 문제를 해결하기 위해 면 원단을 삽입한 샌드위치형 접합 구조를 고안하였으 며, 이를 통해 실제 의복 제작이 가능한 수준의 봉제성과 내구성을 확보하였다. 디자인 적용 단계에서는 최대 25×25cm 규격의 시트 한계를 조형적 제약이 아닌 디자인적 기회로 전환하고자 한국 전통 조각보 기법과 핸 드 스티치를 적용하였다. 이를 통해 리버서블 조끼와 랩스커트를 제작하였으며, 제작 과정에서 봉제 적합성, 입체 구성력, 착용 안정성 및 시각적 완성도를 종합적으로 검증하였다. 본 연구는 쌀겨라는 지역 기반 나머지 자원의 물성적 한계를 디자인 전략과 결합하여 새로운 소재 정체성으로 전환하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 바이오 텍스타일 연구에 있어 소재 개발과 디자인 적용을 통합한 실천 기반 연구의 가능성을 제시한다. 나아가 본 연구는 친환경 패션 산업에서 바이오레더의 문화적 서사와 상업적 확장 가능성을 동시에 탐색하는 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study aims to develop a sheet type bio-textile, referred to as rice leather, using rice bran, an agricultural by product, as the primary material, and to explore its potential as a sustainable fashion material. Conventional natural leather production has raised persistent environmental and ethical concerns, leading to increasing demand for alternative materials. Although various forms of bio-leather have been developed, research that integrates region based resources with design applications remains relatively limited. This study focuses on rice bran, an underutilized by product of Korean agriculture, and seeks to expand its material potential into fashion textiles. The research adopts Practice-Led Research as its methodological framework and follows the iterative cyclic web model, in which creative experimentation, applied practice, and reflective theorization interact in a continuous cycle. During the creative experimentation stage, five rounds of material trials were conducted to fabricate bio-based sheets using rice bran and alginate, systematically analyzing the effects of glycerin content, mixing methods, aging conditions, drying processes, and mold types on material properties. To address the inherent brittleness and fragility of the material, a sandwich-type bonding structure incorporating cotton fabric was developed, resulting in sufficient durability and sewability for garment construction. In the design application stage, the material limitation of a maximum sheet size of 25×25 cm was reframed as a design opportunity through the application of traditional Korean Jogakbo patchwork techniques and hand stitching. Based on this approach, a reversible vest and a wrap skirt were produced. This study is significant in that it transforms the material limitations of rice bran into a distinctive design identity, while demonstrating the potential of practice-led research that integrates material development and fashion design. Furthermore, it provides foundational insight into the commercial scalability of bio-textiles in the future sustainable fashion industry.

푸코는 생명 권력(bio-power)을 죽이고 살리는 권력이 아니라 ‘살게 하거나 죽게 내버려두는’권력으로 설명한다. 본고는 생명권을 강조하며 낙태죄 유지를 옹호하는 논리가 생명 정의를 독점하며 인구(population)에 관여하는 생명 권력으로 비판한다. 생명 정치에 대항하는 낙태죄 폐지 운동은 낙태의 권리를 옹호하며, 생명권 인정과 유지의 범위가 어떻게 정해지며, 누가 이를 정하는가?라 질문한다. 이러한 낙태의 권리는 낙태의 권리를 개개인의 권리의 자유를 넘어, 자유의 한계를 재가치화 하는 임계적 자유인 ‘반규율적인 새로운 권리’로서 제안하며 근대 국가 성립의 조건인 시민권의 전제를 정치화한다. 따라서, 생명 정치 시대에 낙태죄 폐지의 요구 신체적 취약성과 ‘불능’으로 등장하는 정치화된 생명을 드러내고, ‘공동’은 누구인지 질문하며 정치화된 생명을 새로운 주체화의 장소로서 강조하는 것이다.

Foucault explains that bio politics is not a power to kill and save, but a power not to let it live or die. Regarding the logic that emphasizes the right to life and advocates for the maintenance of abortion, this paper criticizes the bio power as being involved in the population while monopolizing the definition of life. The abortion law abolition movement against the bio politics defends the right to abortion and asks, How is the scope of recognition and maintenance of the right to life determined, and who sets it? This proposes the right of abortion as a “anti-regulation new right,” a critical freedom that re-values the limits of liberty beyond the freedom of individual rights, and politicizes the premise of citizenship, the condition of the establishment of a modern state. Thus, in the age of life politics, the demand for the abolition of abortion law reveals the politicized life that emerges as the vulnerability of body and 'incompetence', asking who the 'common' is and emphasizing the politicized life as a place of new subjectivation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship among concepts of the salutogenic model - sense of coherence, occupational stress, and health status in clinical nurses. Methods: Participants were recruited from a hospital in Seoul using a stratified random sampling. A total of 349 nurses participated in the study and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. The structural equation model was used to assess the relationships among the variables. Results: The results of the study showed that occupational stress and health behavior were significant factors, directly explaining the health status of nurses. Factors explaining occupational stress were: sense of coherence, and social support. Sense of coherence showed higher effects on occupational stress than those of social support. Sense of coherence and the work conditions (work experience and shift work) of nurses had a significant and direct effect on health behavior. Sense of coherence and social support had a significant and indirect effect on health status through occupational stress and health behavior. Conclusion: Strategies to enhance sense of coherence and social support are necessary for successful health promotion programs for nurses.

본 연구의 목적은 “청소년 및 성인 ADHD 생체신호분석 기반 분노조절 가상현실치료(VRT) 개발의 함의: 묻지마범죄 예방 및 억제기술 중심으로” 탐색, 리뷰 및 소개하는 데 있다. 이 연구는또한 파괴적 충동조절장애, 분노조절, 자살충동 및 자살시도 등의 증상들을 보이는 청소년과 성인ADHD에 대한 훈련 및 개발 프로그램의 효과와 적절성을 알아보는 데 있다. 대다수의 심리적 문제들은 특정 상황들에서의 충동조절상실이나 분노조절결여로 특징화된다. 특히 충동조절과 분노조절기술들의 부재는 청소년 및 성인 ADHD의 신체적·생리적·정신적·사회적 건강에 있어 심각한 해를 미칠 수 있다. 가상현실치료(VRT)는 심리치료와 재활 프로그램에 개입하여 점진적으로사용되고 있다. 최근 임상검증연구는 몰입적이고 역동적인 가상현실 인지행동치료(VR-CBT)가분노, 파괴적 충동조절장애(DICD), ADHD, 충동적 자살시도 등의 환자들을 치료하고 훈련시키는데 유용하고 효과적인 도구로 제시한다. 본 연구는 역기능적 행동 소거기술, 인지재구조화기술(경험적 논박, 논리적 논박, 의미적 논박, 기능적 논박), 자기분노조절과 자기분노치료, 스트레스면역훈련, 고통/좌절감내기술, 우울/불안의 자기동정훈련(자살사고와 자살시도 예방 및 치료), 마음챙김명상(MBSR) 등을 포함한 통합적 분노조절 가상현실 인지행동치료 프로그램(IAM-VR-CBTP)을 제공한다. ADHD 처우를 위한 다양하고 맞춤형 가상현실치료(VRT)는 상호작용적, 안전적, 효과적, 효율적이며, 비용절감 및 환자참여를 위한 치료순응도를 높여준다. 따라서 통합적 분노조절 가상현실치료(IAM-VRT)는 분노, ADHD, 파괴적 충동조절장애(DICD), 충동적 자살시도 등의 환자들을 위한 치료기간이 더 짧고 매력적이며, 고전 치료기제들에 대한 하나의 혁신적 대안이다. 아울러 연구의 함의 및 제한점과 추후 연구에 대한 방향을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to explore, review and introduce “Implications of Developmental Tasks of Anger Management Virtual Reality Therapy Techniques Based on Bio-signal Pattern Analysis for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Adolescents and Adults: Focused on Crime Prevention and Inhibition Skills for Violence with Unspecified Motivation against Strangers.” This study was also aimed at finding out the effectiveness and adequacy of training and development programs for destructive impulse-control disorder, anger-out, suicidal impulse, and suicidal attempts in adolescents and adults with ADHD. Quite a number of psychological problems are characterized by a loss of impulse-control or a lack of anger-control in specific situations. Particularity, A lack of impulse-control and anger management techniques can be seriously detrimental to ADHD in adolescents and adults's physical·physiological·psycho·social wellbeing. Virtual reality therapy (VRT) is being incrementally used in psychotherapy and rehabilitation programs. Recent clinical evidence suggests that immersive and dynamic virtual reality cognitive behavior therapy (VR-CBT) has been a useful and effective tool for treating and training patients with anger-out, destructive impulse-control disorder, ADHD, and impulsive suicide attempts. This study provides an integrative anger management virtual reality cognitive behavior therapy program (IAM-VR-CBTP) that includes techniques for eliminating maladaptive behavior, cognitive restructuring techniques (empirical disputing, logical disputing, sematic disputing, functional disputing), self-anger management & self-anger therapy, stress inoculation training (SIT), pain & frustration tolerance techniques, self-compassion training (prevention and treatment of suicidal ideation and impulsive suicide attempts), and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). It is necessary to use various and customized virtual reality treatments in ADHD that are interactive, safe, effective and efficient, reduce costs and increase therapy adherence for patient engagement. Therefore, integrative anger management virtual reality therapy (IAM-VRT) is an innovative alternative to the classical treatments and is shorter and more attractive for patients with anger, ADHD, destructive impulse-control disorder, and impulsive suicide attempts. The following implications and limitations of this study were discussed along with the suggestions for future researches as well

본 연구의 목적은 교정보호대상 “청소년 ADHD 생체신호분석 기반 통합적 분노조절 가상 현실치료(IAM-VRT) 플랫폼 개발”에 대한 분석, 개관, 소개하는 데 있다. 청소년 ADHD의 충동분노조절의 부재는 학교폭력, 군폭력, 데이트폭력, 가정폭력, 주취폭력, 도로폭력, 알코 올중독, 인터넷게임중독, 충동적 성행동, 방화, 도벽, 살인범죄에까지 이르고 있으며, 지대한 사회경제적 손실을 낳는다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위한 새로운 대 안적 해결안으로 효과적이고 실용적으로 청소년 ADHD의 진단, 치료, 재활 등에 개입할 수 있는 생체신호분석 기반의 “통합적 분노조절 가상현실치료(IAM-VRT)” 기술에 대한 개발, 검증 및 평가 방법들을 소개했다. 현재 국내 청소년 ADHD의 평가, 치료, 재활을 위한 생체 신호분석 기반 “통합적 분노조절 가상현실치료(IAM-VRT)” 기술개발 임상연구는 미흡한 실 태이다. 가상현실환경(VRE)을 사용한 긍정기술에 기반한 “청소년 ADHD 통합적 분노조절 가 상현실치료(IAM-VRT) 플랫폼”은 파괴적 충동조절장애 증상들에 따른 맞춤형 치료개입이 가 능하며, 단계별 차별화시켜 적용하는 데 획기적인 기여를 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze, review and introduce developmental tasks of an integrative anger management virtual reality treatment (IAM-VRT) platform based on bio-signal pattern analysis for ADHD in adolescents among correctional subjects. The absence of impulse-anger control for adolescents with leads to huge socioeconomic losses, including school violence, military violence, dating violence, domestic violence, drunk driving, road violence, alcoholism, internet game addiction, compulsive sexual behavior, pyromania, kleptomania and murder crimes. Therefore, this study introduced the development, validation and assessment of integrative anger management virtual reality therapy (IAM-VRT) techniques based on bio-signal pattern analysis that can effectively and practically intervene in adolescents with ADHD for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation programs as new alternative solutions to these problems. Currently, the clinical trials of the development of integrative anger management virtual reality therapy (IAM-VRT) techniques based on bio-signal pattern analysis for the assessment, treatment, and rehabilitation of domestic adolescents with ADHD are insufficient. An integrative anger management virtual reality therapy (IAM-VRT) platform based on positive technology using virtual reality environments (VRE) enables customized treatment in response to destructive impulse control disorder symptoms, and can make a significant contribution to applying therapeutic interventions by differentiating them step by step.

금융위원회와 금융감독원은 2018년 제약․바이오기업의 연구개발비 회계처리 관련 불확실성을 해소하기 위하여 ‘제약․바이오기업의 연구 개발비 회계처리 관련 감독지침’을 발표하였으며, 이는 제약․바이오기업의 특성에 따라 각 기업의 회계처리 방식에 변화를 주었다. 이에 본 연 구에서는 국내 주요 제약·바이오기업의 연구개발비 회계처리 현황을 살펴보고 각 기업을 비교 분석하여 유형별로 구분하였다. 사례연구 대상으 로는 바이오시밀러 시장을 선도하고 있는 A기업, 그리고 대표적인 전통 제약사인 B기업과 C기업을 선정하였으며, 추가적으로 제약·바이오 매 출액 상위 10대 기업 중 감독지침 발표 이전과 최근의 현황에 대해 비교 가능한 5개 기업을 대상으로 위 세 가지 기업과의 유사성을 확인하였다. 분석 결과, A기업은 대표적인 바이오기업으로 감독지침과 무관하게 연구개발비의 일부를 무형자산으로 인식하는 회계처리 방식을 보였고, B기 업은 안정적인 매출과 더불어 적극적인 연구개발 활동을 진행하고 있는 기업으로 과거에는 연구개발비를 전액 비용으로 처리하였지만 감독지 침 발표 이후 해당 기준에 근거하여 연구개발비를 자산화 하였으며, C기업은 전문의약품 및 일반의약품 사업을 영위하며 신약 및 개량신약, 제 네릭 의약품 개발 능력을 보유하고 있는 기업으로 연구개발비를 자산화 할 수 있음에도 전액 비용으로 인식하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이처럼 금 융당국의 감독지침 마련과 감리를 통하여 기업들의 연구개발비 회계처리 방식에 변화가 있었지만, 유사한 거래에 대해서도 회계처리 방식이 획 일적으로 변하지는 않은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 기업의 특성을 반영한 더욱 정형화된 회계처리기준 마련이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 또한 현행 제도에서 더 나아가 연구개발비의 자산화 내역뿐만 아니라 비용으로 처리한 부분에 대해서도 세부내역을 주석으로 공시 할 필요가 있을 것으로 사료된다.

In order to resolve the uncertainties related to the accounting of bio-pharmaceutical companies' research and development costs, Finance Services Commission and Financial Supervisory Service announced 'Supervision Guidelines on the Accounting of Bio-Pharmaceutical Companies' in 2018. This guideline changed the accounting method of each company according to the characteristics of biopharmaceutical companies. This study investigates the current state of affairs of accounting by domestic bio-pharmaceutical companies' research and development costs and divided the companies into several groups by comparing and contrasting each corporation. The following companies were selected for research: company A which is leading the biosimilar market, and companies B and C which are traditional pharmaceutical companies. Moreover, based on 2021 statistics, among the ten companies with the highest revenues, five companies, which were able to be compared before and after the supervision guidelines, have been compared with the above three companies. Company A, a representative bio company, demonstrated an accounting method in which parts of the research and development cost were recognized as an intangible assets, regardless of the supervision guideline. Company B, which has created a stable profit aswell as active research and development activity, used to deal with research and development costs as an expense, but after the announcement of the guideline, the costs have been capitalized according to the announced standards. Company C, which leads ethical and over-the-counter drug business and has the development capacity of new, improved, and generic drugs, recognized the cost as an expense although capitalization was possible. As seen above, despite changes in accountingmethods of companies' research and development costs through finance authorities' supervision guidelines and supervision, the investigation illustrates that the accounting methods for similar transactions have not been completely transformed. Therefore, it seems clear that there is a need for more formulaic standards of accounting measures reflecting the characteristics of companies. Moreover, publicization not only about the capitalization record of research and development costs but also about components dealt with as expenses should be done in detail with the use of annotations.

도시 개발로 인한 영향을 최소화하여 물 순환 체계를 개선하기 위해서는 적극적인 강우유출수 관리가 필수적이다. 최근에는 도시의 강우유출수 관리를 위한 저영향개발(Low Impact Development, LID) 기법이 합리적인 대안으로 주목받고 있다. Storm Water Management Model(SWMM)은 LID 모듈을 통해 다양한 GI(Green Infra) 시설에 대한 모의 기능을 제공하고 있어 도시 물순환 개선 사업에 적극 활용되고 있다. 그러나 SWMM을 이용하여 GI 시설을 모의하기 위해서는 복잡한 유역 설정과 GI 시설 배치에 많은 어려움이 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 GI 시설의 핵심적인 수문 프로세스를 구현하면서도 상대적으로 간단하게 GI 시설의 성능을 평가할 수 있는 모형이 제안된다. 제안된 모형은 수문학적 추적을 기반으로 작동되므로 GI 시설의 침투, 저류, 증발산을 모두 반영할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 GI 시설에 의한 도시 물순환 개선 효과를 정량적으로 평가할 수 있다. 제안된 모형의 결과와 SWMM의 결과를 비교함으로써 제안된 모형의 적용성을 검증하였다. 더붙여서 SWMM의 투수성 포장 모의에서 발생되는 오류에 대한 논의가 포함된다.

Active stormwater management is essential to minimize the impact of urban development and improve the hydrological cycle system. In recent years, the Low Impact Development (LID) technique for urban stormwater management is attracting attention as a reasonable alternative. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is actively used in urban hydrological cycle improvement projects as it provides simulation functions for various GI (Green Infra) facilities through its LID module. However, in order to simulate GI facilities using SWMM, there are many difficulties in setting up complex watersheds and deploying GI facilities. In this study, a model that can evaluate the performance of GI facilities is proposed while implementing the core hydrological process of GI facilities. Since the proposed model operates based on hydrological routing, it can not only reflect the infiltration, storage, and evapotranspiration of GI facilities, but also quantitatively evaluate the effect of improving urban hydrological cycle by GI facilities. The applicability of the proposed model was verified by comparing the results of the proposed model with the results of SWMM. In addition, a discussion of errors occurring in the SWMM's permeable pavement system simulation is included.

프라이버시는 개인의 사생활이나 사적인 일이 타인에게 공개되지 않을 권리를 뜻한다. 바이오정보는 그 사람 자체에 대한 가장 사적인 개인정보로 기술이 발전함에 따라 개인 식별뿐만 아니라 개인에 대한 분석 및 판단까지도 가능하다. 개인정보보 호법은 글로벌 프라이버시 원칙들을 기반으로 하여 만들어 졌으나 바이오정보보호를 위한 법제는 아직 제정되어 있지 않으며, 가이드라인으로 규정되어 있다. 이에 바이오정보를 일반 개인정보보다 더욱 민감한 정보로서 보호해야 할 시점에 이르러 바이 오정보 보호를 위한 국제적인 프라이버시 논의들을 살펴보고 최근 개정된 바이오정보 보호 가이드라인을 개선할 수 있는 프 라이버시 원칙들과 바이오정보의 활용을 위한 조치 사항을 제안하고자 한다.

Privacy means the right not to interfere with the private life of an individual. Bio data is the most private personal information about the person itself, and according to advancement of technology, it is possible to analyze and judge individual as well as identify individual. The Personal Information Protection Act is based on global privacy principles, but the legislation for the protection of bio information has yet to be enacted. Therefore, it is time to protect biometric data as more sensitive information than general personal information. We will review the global privacy discussions for protecting biometric information and propose additional privacy principles and measures for utilization that should be defined in the biometric information protection guideline.

Nowadays, as biodegradable carbon-zero materials are inevitably required in all sectors of industry, such as the automobile, construction, electronics industries, lignin may be used as a novel, appropriate, and renewable feedstock. Lignin is an abundant natural material source and waste material. Most industrial lignins are obtained from kraft and sulfite pulping processes. In this work, eco-friendly lignin-based nanocomposites were prepared in a twin-screw extruder at 0-9 wt% of Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoplatelets. The feasibility of using lignin-based polymer as matrix or compatibilizer in composites made from polypropylene (PP) and jute fiber was studied. The properties of the specimens have been studied by the thermogravimetry (TGA), tensile tests and Izod impact tests. The effects of both the lignin based copolyester and the filler particles on tensile properties and izod impact strength were investigated.

The bare carbon nanotube (CNT) was applied for the channel to detect the large size antigen of IgE as shown in Fig. 1. The aptamer, which is a single strand DNA and selectively reacts with IgE, was immobilized on CNT using linker. As the size of aptamer is as small as 1~2 nm, the reaction of aptamer with IgE occurred within the Debye length. Therefore, the electrical charge of IgE could be detected as the change of the CNT channel conductance. Using this method, IgE of as small as 250 pM could be detected as shown in Fig. 2. Another approach of the biosensor is to use CNT as a working electrode for the electrochemical reaction as shown in Fig. 3. As CNT electrode has a far larger surface area compared to the conventional planar type electrode such as a Pt electrode, the oxidized current of the biomolecule at the working electrode increased in proportional to the surface area size, which means the increase of the sensitivity. For the detection of the PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen), the surface of the CNT is modified by the anti-PSA using the linker. When the PSA/a-PSA reaction occurs, the oxidized current of the PSA/a-PSA molecule is few times larger than that of a-PSA only as shown in Fig. 3. The lowest PSA concentration of 0.5 ng/mL could be detected. 　When the input signal is too small to detect, noise power is added to the input signal to CNT FET which is under the threshold condition. Then, the input signal could reach the threshold of CNT FET and it becomes on state and detects the input signal. This is referred to as stochastic resonance phenomena, which we have succeeded in observing using the CNT FET as shown in Fig. 4. By increasing the number of the channel, the correlation factor between the output/input becomes increased. For this purpose, CNT multi channel FET was realized using the direction controlled growth on the patterned SiO2/Si substrate. The stochastic resonance phenomena could be applicable for the biosensing in the large noise circumstances. Graphene is surface sensitive material and can be applicable to the biosensor. We have first succeeded in detecting the different concentrations of BSA as the shifts of the Dirac point of the graphene FET as shown in Fig. 5, which are linearly proportional to the BSA concentration. As small as 300 pM BSA could be detected. Carbon based biosensors showed the superior characteristics compared to the conventional biosensors because of the high FET characteristics and large surface area and will be applicable in the real world in near future.

Polylactide (PLA), which is one of the most important biodegradable and biocompatible polyesters that are derived from annually renewable biomass such as corn and sugar beets, has attracted much attention for its favorable material properties. The most efficient method for preparation of PLA is the ring-opening polymerization of the dimeric cyclic ester of lactic acid, lactide. Lactic acid is widely used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. It is also a major raw material for the production of polylactic acid (PLA) that is a biodegradable, environmentfriendly polymer which could be a substitute for synthetic plastics derived from petroleum feedstocks. Fermentative production of lactic acid offers the great advantage of producing optically pure L-or D- lactic acid depending upon the strains selected for fermentation. The optical purity of lactic acid is crucial for the physical properties of PLA. Though L-lactic acid can be polymerized to give crystalline (PLLA) suited to commercial uses, its application is limited by its low melting point. Complexing PLLA with poly D-lactic acid (PDLA), however, increases the melting point thus presenting an attractive solution to the heat sensitivity of PLA. However, fermentation of sugars to D-lactic acid is little studied and its microbial productivity is not well known. Therefore, we investigated D-lactic acid fermentation with a view to obtaining improved strains capable of producing D-lactic acid with enhanced productivities and finally we got a maximum lactic acid production 60 g/l. Fermentation based process requires maintenance of near neutral pH for high productivity and this necessitates addition of alkali in most of the cases. Alkali addition produces salt of lactic acid instead of lactic acid itself. To overcome this salt problem, we tested the electrodialysis based processes that do not require addition of acid or alkali again to convert lactate salts into lactic acid. Electrodialysis technology which is shown in Fig. 1 is based on electromigration of ions through a stack of cation and anion exchange membranes. Basically, it involves two steps. The first step called conventional electrodialysis (CED) separates and concentrates lactate salts. The second step called bipolar electrodialysis (BED) converts lactate salts into lactic acid. We adopted this two process and produced D-lactic aicd. Lactide is prepared by a two-step process: first, the lactic acid is converted into oligo (lactic acid) by a polycondensation reaction; second, the oligo(lactic acid) is thermally depolymerized to form the cyclic lactide via a unzipping mechanism. Through catalyst screening test for polycondensation and unzipping depolymerization reaction, we got a new method which shorten the whole reaction time as 50% level compared to the conventional method. Poly(L-lactide) was obtained from the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide. We investigated various catalysts and polymerization conditions. Finally we got the best catalyst system and the scale-up technology.

The future resources for food, fuels, and chemicals potentially come from ocean. One of the major marine resources is microalgae, which have the ability to fix carbon dioxide at a much faster rate than that of terrestrial plants. The fixed carbon dioxide is converted to microalgal biomass, which has potential applications in producing biofuels, animal feed, health food, pharmaceuticals, and other high-value products. Therefore, using microalgae to mitigate CO2 emissions is a promising strategy for CO2 storage and utilization. We have identified various indigenous microalgae strains that utilize flue gas of a steel-making factory for growth with excellent CO2 biofixation ability. We are able to adjust the composition of resulting microalgal biomass (lipid, carbohydrates, proteins, pigments, etc.) by using different cultivation strategies to meet the needs of downstream applications. To make the concept of microalgae industry a realty, many new technologies and engineering approaches should be developed (for instance, outdoor large-scale cultivation, biomass harvesting, product conversion technology, etc.). Some key technologies required for realizing commercialization of microalgae-based CO2 emission mitigation and biorefinery are introduced in this presentation.

최근 차세대 유전체 서열 해독기의 등장은 개인 유전체의 정보를 해독하는데 있어서 시간과 비용적인 측면에서 획기적인 혁명을 가져오고 있으며, 이런 저렴한 비용과 짧 은 해독시간은 개인 간의 유전적인 특성을 반영한 맞춤 의료를 가능하게 하고 있다. 이미 선진국에서는 유전체 정보에 기만한 맞춤 의료 서비스를 미래의 성장 동력으로 만들기 위하여 적극적인 투자를 하고 있으며, 이를 위한 기반 기술 개발을 위한 연구 가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 맞춤 의료를 실현하기 위하여 현제 큰 문제점은 차세대 유전체 서열 해독기가 만들어 내는 대용량의 데이터를 빠르게 분석하고 해석하기 위한 알고리즘 및 기반 시스템의 구축이다. 차세대 서열 해독기가 만들어내는 정보의 양은 과거 생물학이나 IT분야에 서 다루던 단편적인 정보들과는 비교할 수 없을 만큼 크며, 이 정보가 개인의 유전체 특성을 분석하기 전인 전처리 단계에서 처리되어야 한다는 특징을 가지고 있다. 이를 처리하기 위해서는 이를 전담할 수 있는 대용량의 IT 인프라와 자동화된 시스템이 요 구되고, 이에 따라 이미 선진국에서는 유전체 연구 분야 중, 서열 데이터의 생산과 처 리에 있어 연구소, 대학 등 학문계를 탈피하고, 전문 기업이 해당 분야 기술을 주도하 고 있다. 서열 데이터 처리에서 가장 중요한 병목(bottleneck)을 해결할 생명정보학을 이용한 대용량 유전체 데이터를 분석하는 플랫폼이 필요하며, 미래 바이오산업의 기 초를 다기지 위해서는 기업 주도의 서열 데이터 처리 상용화가 시급할 실정이다. 본 발표에서는 빠른 시간 내에 유전체 정보를 처리하기 위하여 대용량 유전체 정보생 산과, 처리, 자동화, 파이프라인을 통합한 상용화된 소프트웨어 플랫폼 개발과 그 진 행상황에 대하여 소개하고 있다. 또한 이 플랫폼의 성공적인 상용화와 한국의 유전적 특성 반영하기 위한, 한국인 표준유전체의 필요성과 구축과정과 결과에 대한 부분을 포함하고 있다.