Earticle

The importance of Business-IT alignment has been well emphasized, and the topic has been a top management concern for the past four decades. The current business environment demands in response to digitalization have made Business-IT alignment even more challenging. We take on the challenge in this research by presenting a comprehensive review of the domain of Business-IT alignment, based on a conceptual model which we propose, to facilitate future theoretical work. The review brought out multiple representations of the concept of Business-IT alignment and the characterization of its antecedents, nature, and outcomes. Based on the treatment of the domain in the extant literature, we chart out possible areas of future explorations. By doing so, this research lays a foundation for continuing inquiry on Business-IT alignment and facilitating future theoretical work.

Purpose: This study compared the effect of visual feedback on scapular stabilization muscle activity and shoulder alignment in adults with round shoulder posture after performing an overhead squat exercise. Methods: Participants were selected based on the distance (p≤2.5 cm) from the ground to the acromion in the supine position. Participants were randomly divided into an overhead squat exercise group with visual feedback (15 participants) and an overhead squat exercise group without visual feedback (15 participants). The exercises were performed three times weekly for 6 weeks. Results: When comparing the serratus anterior and lower trapezius between groups, the overhead squat exercise group with visual feedback showed significantly higher muscle activity at 120° shoulder flexion. Regarding shoulder alignment, both groups demonstrated improved alignment after 6 weeks of exercise. Conclusion: These findings suggest that overhead squat exercise with visual feedback effectively enhances muscle activity and shoulder alignment in participants with round shoulder posture.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of core muscle strengthening training and core exercise on unstable support on the balance and posture alignment of 20s healthy college student METHODS: twelven college student were randomly assigned to perform core muscle training for six college student, and six college student were exercised on an unstable surface. Two groups were conducted three times a week for 30 minutes. Dynamic balance and posture alignment were measured before and after the experiment. Results: There was a statistically significant difference dynamic balance and posture alignment in the group trained on the unstable support surface (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, exercise on an unstable support surface is an effective method for improving posture alignment and dynamic balance in healthy adults in their twenties.

이 연구는 2022 개정 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 『생활과학 탐구』 과목의 성취기준과 교과서 활동과 제에 제시된 지식의 깊이(Depth of Knowledge, DOK)를 분석하고, 이들 간의 정합성을 검토하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 『생활과학 탐구』 교육과정 성취기준과 교과서를 분석 대상으로 선정하여 분석 단위를 생성하고, 과목 특성을 반영한 DOK 분석 기준을 설정·보완한 뒤 성취기준과 활동과제의 DOK 수준을 코딩하였다. 연구자 간 코딩 일치도는 Cohen’s κ 계수를 통해 확인하였다. 분석 결과, 『생활과 학 탐구』 성취기준과 교과서 활동과제는 모두 DOK 2·3·4수준에 비교적 고르게 분포하여, 단순 회상 수준을 넘어 전략적 사고와 확장된 사고를 요구하는 구조를 보였다. 특히 활동과제는 유형에 따라 요 구되는 사고 수준에 차이가 나타나, 단원 도입부에서 후반으로 갈수록 사고 수준이 점진적으로 심화되 는 경향을 보였다. 정합성 분석 결과, 영역 수준에서 범주 일치도와 지식의 범위 일치도가 모두 충족되 었으며, DOK 일치도와 표집의 균형성 역시 모든 영역에서 기준을 상회하여 『생활과학 탐구』 교과서 활 동과제가 성취기준과 전반적으로 정합성이 있는 것으로 판정되었다. 이 연구는 성취기준과 교과서 활 동과제 간의 정합성을 지식의 깊이라는 인지적 요구 수준의 관점에서 분석함으로써, 교육과정–수업–평 가를 연결하는 활동과제의 교육적 기능을 실증적으로 제시하였다는 데 의의가 있다.

This study aims to analyze the Depth of Knowledge (DOK) reflected in the Achievement Standards and textbook Activity Tasks of the high school course Life Science Inquiry under the 2022 Revised National Curriculum, and to examine the alignment between them. For this purpose, the Achievement Standards of the Life Science Inquiry curriculum and the corresponding textbook were selected as the objects of analysis. Analysis units were generated, and DOK analysis criteria were established and refined to reflect the characteristics of the course. The DOK levels of both the Achievement Standards and the Activity Tasks were then coded, and inter-coder agreement was verified using Cohen’s κ coefficient. The results indicated that both the Achievement Standards and the Activity Tasks were relatively evenly distributed across DOK Levels 2, 3, and 4, suggesting an emphasis on strategic and extended thinking beyond simple recall. In particular, the Activity Tasks showed variation in cognitive demand by task type, with the required level of thinking tending to increase progressively from the introductory sections to the later parts of each unit. Alignment analysis revealed that category concurrence and range of knowledge correspondence were fully satisfied at the domain level. In addition, DOK consistency and balance of representation exceeded the established criteria across all domains, leading to the conclusion that the Activity Tasks in the Life Science Inquiry textbook are generally well aligned with the Achievement Standards. This study is significant in that it empirically demonstrates the educational function of Activity Tasks as a mechanism linking curriculum, instruction, and assessment, by examining the alignment between Achievement Standards and Activity Tasks from the perspective of cognitive demand as represented by DOK.

비전 시스템은 영상 이미지를 획득하여 대상 영역을 판별하고 분석하는 시스템이며, 자동화 공정에 사용하고자 하는 수요가 증가하면서 비전 기반의 검사 시스템 도입이 매우 중요한 이슈로 부상하고 있다. 이러한 비전 시스템은 일상생활과 생산 공정에서 검사 장비로 사용되고 있으며, 영상 처리 기술에 대한 연구가 매우 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 문자 인식이나 반도체 패키지 등의 검사 대상을 추출하기 위한 영역 정의에 대한 연구는 미미한 상황이다. 본 논문에서는 사용자가 관심영역을 정의하여 엣지 추출을 수행함에 있어 잡음까지도 엣지로 판단하는 경우를 방지하기 위하여, 영상 이미지 내에서 잡음이 존재하여도 특정한 영역의 엣지들의 분포를 이용하여 검사 대상 영역의 엣지를 추출할 수 있는 잡음에 강인한 정렬 보정 모델을 제안한다. 제안 모델을 통하여 타이어의 문자 인식이나 반도체 패키지 검사와 같은 생산 분야에 적용하면 제품의 생산 효율이 향상될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

The vision system is a device for acquiring images and analyzing and discriminating inspection areas. Demand for use in the automation process has increased, and the introduction of a vision-based inspection system has emerged as a very important issue. These vision systems are used for everyday life and used as inspection equipment in production processes. Image processing technology is actively being studied. However, there is little research on the area definition for extracting objects such as character recognition or semiconductor packages. In this paper, define a region of interest and perform edge extraction to prevent the user from judging noise as an edge. We propose a noise-robust alignment correction model that can extract the edge of a region to be inspected using the distribution of edges in a specific region even if noise exists in the image. Through the proposed model, it is expected that the product production efficiency will be improved if it is applied to production field such as character recognition of tire or inspection of semiconductor packages.

본 연구에서는 Solution Process를 적용한 Strontium Oxide를 배향막으로 사용한 경우의 액정배향 특성에 대해서 연구하였다. Stronium Oxide 는 High K 물질로 배향막으로 사용할 경우 임계치 전압을 효율적으로 조절할 수 있는 장점이 있으나, 액정분자와의 배향에 관한 상호관계에 대해서는 많은 연구가 진행되지 않았었다. 0.1～0.4 Mol 롤 농도를 조절한 Strontium Oxide를 Solution Process 로 배향막으로서 제조함으로써, 보다 생산성이 좋은 방법을 제시할 수 있었으며, 재료가 갖는 우수한 특성을 반영한 액정디 스플레이의 제조가 가능하였다. 샘플 측정결과 1.447～1.613V 의 임계치 전압특성을 보여주어 기존의 방법으로 제조된 액정디스플레 이와 동등 혹은 우월한 특성을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

We stuidied liauid crystal alignment treatment using solution process for making thin oxide layer in liquid crystal display. It is the one of very effient and popular process in making thin oxide layer in electronical industrial fields. Particularly, this process has highly potential value in liquid crystal display industrial fields because it cause automatically induced alignment process without tranditional alignment process in liquid crystal alignment process. We made several different kinds of mol density solutions using strontium oxide solution. And those solutions were treated for solidification layers using annealing process for 2 hours. And we stuided pretilt angle properties of these alignment layers of strontium oxide for clarifying the relationship of liquid crystal molecules and thin strontium oxide layer. And we also tested the existence of strontium oxide thin layer on substrate using XPS measurement. We expected the hig gain of electro-optical properties in liquid crystal display using strontium oxide thin layer because it has high K property material than the other metal-based oxide layers. In this results, we measured 1.447 to 1.613 thresholds volts as 0.1 mol to 0.4 mol density in 0.1 mol density steps. This is significant better characteristics than conventional liquid crystal display as higher than 1.85 thresholds volts. And it make possible to making next-generation liquid crystal display which present low-power consumption and wide gray scale in liquid crystal display.

In the steam turbine for combined cycle power generation operated for a long time, thermal and mechanical deformation is accumulated in the High-Intermediate Pressure (HIP) casing due to repeated start-up and stop under high temperature and high pressure conditions. This study attempted to quantitatively evaluate the deformation characteristics based on the measured data and analyze the effect of casing deformation on casing alignment and inner gap. To this end, the level of the horizontal split flange surface was precisely measured and analyzed for the two decomposed steam turbine high-pressure casing of the combined thermal power plants. As a result, Hogging deformation occurred throughout the casing, and a maximum strain deviation of 0.83mm between the upper and lower casings was confirmed, and an asymmetric deformation tendency was confirmed in which the upper part was more than twice as large as the lower part. Based on this phenomenon, by estimating the amount of centerline movement and the change in the inner gap that can occur during assembly due to the upper and lower deviation of the casing Hogging deformation, it was confirmed that Hogging deformation is a major influencing factor on casing alignment.

본 연구는 머리전방자세와 둥근어깨자세에 대한 일반 운동과 동작관찰, 시각적 되먹임의 효과를 알아보고자 한다. 머리전방자세와 둥근어깨자세를 가진 24명으로 하였으며, 일반 운동군(8명), 동작관찰군(8명), 시각적 되먹임군(8명)으로 무작위 배분하였다. 모든 운동군은 주 3회, 총 4주간 운동하였다. 운동 전․후 머리척추각(CVA), 둥근어깨자세(RSP), 시각적상사척도(VAS), 경부장애지수(NDI)를 평가하였다. 연구결과 CVA는 일반 운동군과 동작관찰군에서 유의한 변화를 보였으며, RSP, VAS, NDI의 경우 모든 운동군에서 유의한 변화를 보였다. 운동군 간 변화량 비교에서는 VAS에서 동작관찰군이 일반 운동군과 시각적 되먹임군보다 큰 변화량을 보였다. 본 연구결과 동작관찰이 머리전방자세와 둥근어깨자세의 개선에 효과가 있을 것이라고 사료된다

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the action observation and visual feedback on the alignment, pain and function of forward head posture(FHP) and round shoulder(RS). A total of 24 participants with FHP and RSP were randomly assigned to general exercise(GE, n=8), action observation(AO, n=8), and visual feedback(VF, n=8). All subjects were exercised three times a week for four weeks. The groups were assessed for craniovertebral angle(CVA), round shoulder posture(RSP), visual analog scale(VAS), and neck disability index(NDI) before and after exercise, There was a significant difference in CVA in the GE, AO and RSP, VAS and NDI were significantly different in all groups. AO was more effective than GE, VF for VAS. The results of this study suggest that action observation may be effective to improve the FHP and RS.

엔터프라이즈 정보화를 추진하는데 있어서 가장 심각한 문제 중 하나는 서로 연계 통합되지 않은 사일로(Silo) 시스템 문제이다. 정보전략계획(Information Strategy Planning)은 비즈니스에 필요한 개별시스템 기능성 도출에 국한되어 오히려 이러한 사일로 문제를 가중시키고 있다. 본 연구는 엔터프라이즈 사일로 문제가 엔터프라이즈 제반 요소들이 가지는 관계에 대한 총체적 시각, 곧 ‘아키텍처적 시각’이 부재하기 때문이라고 보고, 이러한 엔터프라이즈 요소간 관계를 정의하고 체계화할 수 있는 ‘엔터프라이즈 아키텍처 지향 모델’을 제안한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 엔터프라이즈 제반 구성요소들 상호간에 수직적, 수평적 관계성을 부여하고 엔터프라이즈가 이들 관계에 있어서 거치는 진화의 단계를 설정한다. 엔터프라이즈 아키텍처 지향 모델에서 수직적 관계는 Kaplan과 Norton의 연구로부터 도출된 성과, 역량, 전략이라는 세 요소가 조직 상하간에 전략적․관리적 측면에서 ‘연계(Alignment)’되어야 함을 의미한다. 수평적 관계는 Ross 등이 통합 대상으로 다룬 정보기술, 데이터/프로세스, 비즈니스 컴포넌트 요소들이 수평 조직간에 기능적․실행적 측면에서 ‘통합(Integration)’되어야 함을 강조한다. 본 모델은 엔터프라이즈의 현재와 미래 아키텍처를 사상하는 개념공간으로서 엔터프라이즈의 현재 모습을 파악하고 엔터프라이즈가 지향하는 미래 모습을 도출하며 현재에서 미래로의 이행을 인도하는 개념적틀로서 작용하게 된다. 끝으로 본 모델의 적용 사례를 들고 모델의 적용이 각 엔터프라이즈가 지향하는 엔터프라이즈 모습에 따라 어떻게 달라질 수 있는지를 논의한다.

Most enterprise information systems today are silo systems in that they are not properly aligned nor integrated with one another. Such silo systems result because enterprises lack an architectural perspective in the planning and development of the systems. This paper proposes an Enterprise Architecture Orientation Model as a framework for the analysis, planning and design of the architectural quality of enterprise information systems. The model decomposes enterprise architecture into two dimensions-alignment and integration, and specifies for each dimension the general development and evolution stages enterprises may traverse. The alignment dimension represents the vertical strategic alignment of the systems with the vision, mission, strategy and goals of the enterprise, and is analyzed in terms of the performance, capability, and strategy of the enterprise. The integration dimension, on the other hand, represents the horizontal and functional integration among the systems that span organizational functions and boundaries, and is analyzed in terms of such technological components as IT infrastructure, data, application, and business processes. The model combines the alignment and integration dimensions to form a two-dimensional conceptual space for mapping the architectural quality of the enterprise. It is proposed that an enterprise use the model to identify and understand its position now and in the future in the architectural quality of the enterprise information systems. It is also proposed that the model provides a tool for the planning and design of the transition from one stage to the next in the alignment and integration of the systems to reach an architectural maturity. At the end, the paper discusses how the model can be applied differently according to the strategic orientation of the enterprise. An example of the usage of the model is presented.

21세기 이후 동아시아의 국제 정세를 바라보는 내외부의 시선은 미중전략경쟁의 틀 아래 주로 불안과 갈등에 기반을 두어왔다. 그러나 역설적으로 동아시아는 현재 역사상 가장 활발한 교류와 협력 양태를 보이고 있다. 이는 교역 증대, 정치･안보 협력, 사회적 협력 등 다방면에서 확인되고 있는데, 흥미로운 점은 탈냉전기 이후 동아시아 국가들 간에 새로운 제휴가 성립되는 경우 양측은 동맹, 연합과 같은 기존의 틀보다 전략적 동 반자 관계라는 새 틀을 선호했다는 점이다. 본 연구는 이처럼 높은 중요도를 가지는 전략적 동반자 관계가 동아시아에서 어떤 독자적･지역적 특성을 보이는지 정리하고 그 원인이 무엇인지 분석하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 이를 드러내기 위해 1차적으로 동아시아의 두 지역, 동북아와 동남아를 각각 대상화하여 ‘동북아–동남아’의 지역 간 구도, ‘동북아–동북아’, ‘동남아–동남아’의 지역 내 구도를 설정한 후 둘을 비교･분석하였다. 이후 동아시아 전략적 동반자 관계의 포괄 적 특성에 대한 정리와 원인 분석을 진행하였으며, 궁극적으로 동아시아의 지역의 외교 전략을 이해하는데 기여하고자 하였다. 분석을 통해 본 결과 동아시아를 대표하는 제휴의 형태는 동북아–동남아를 연결하는 지역 간 구도였으며 이는 지역 내 구도가 가지는 한계와 지역 간 구도가 가지는 여러 추진 요소의 결합으로 인한 결과였다. 또한 동아시아의 관계 체결이 지정학적 불안 요 소에 의해 주로 추동되어 왔으나 협력의 방식은 오히려 지경학적 연계 강화에 집중되어 왔다는 점은 지역의 성격을 이해하는데 도움을 주고 있다. 마지막으로 상대적 약소국인 동남아 국가들이 동아시아 전략적 동반자 관계의 성격을 결정하는데 큰 역할을 수행해 왔다는 점 역시 특기할 부분이다.

Since the beginning of the 21st century, East Asia's international situation has been largely characterized by tension and conflict in the context of the U.S.-China strategic competition. However, paradoxically, East Asia is currently experiencing the highest levels of cooperation in its history between its diverse nations This is reflected in steady trade expansion as well as political security, and socio-cultural cooperation. Notably, the most prominent form of cooperation among East Asian countries in the post-Cold War era has taken place under the new framework of strategic partnerships, rather than traditional alliances between two countries. This study aims to summarize the unique characteristics of strategic partnerships in East Asia, and identify their origins. This study first focuses on Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia, and compares the inter-regional frameworks (Northeast Asia actors - Southeast Asia actors) with the intra-regional frameworks (between Northeast Asia actors or between Southeast Asia actors).The study then summarized the comprehensive characteristics of East Asia's strategic partnerships and analyzed their origins. Ultimately, this study contributes to the understanding of regional governance in East Asia based on the understanding this new type of alignment. The study found that the dominant form of strategic partnership in East Asia is the inter-regional framework. This is the result of a combination of the intra-regional framework limitations and the driving factors of inter-regional framework. We also found that while the establishment of strategic partnerships in East Asia tends to be driven by geopolitical instability, this type of linkage expansion has focused on geoeconomic factors.

본 연구는 외측 발목 염좌의 병력이 있는 중등부 축구선수와 없는 축구선수 간 신체 능력과 발목에 대한 자가 보고 설문지의 차이를 확인하기 위해 수행되었다. 총 100명의 중등부 축구선수가 본 연구를 위해 모집되었다. 모든 선수에 대하여 발목 관절가동범위(체중부하 발등굽힘, 안쯕들림, 가쪽들림), 하지 정렬 상태(엎드린 자세에서 뒤꿈치-정강뼈 각도, 정강뼈 안쪽번짐 각도), 정적 자세 조절 능력(발 떨어짐 검사), 동적 자세 조절 능력(star excursion balance test), 신체 조정력(한 발 왕복 호핑 검사), 주관적 발목 기능 인식도(foot and ankle ability measure, FAAM)를 조사하였다. 그룹 간 평균비교를 위해 독립검정 t-검정을 실시하였으며 통계적 유의수준은 0.05로 설정하였다. 통계분석 결과, 외측 발목 염좌 그룹은 건강한 대조군에 비해 일상생활뿐만 아니라 스포츠상황에서도 유의하게 좋지 않은 FAAM 점수를 보였 다(p<0.05). 그 외 다른 변인의 통계적 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구결과에 따르면 외측 발목 염좌 그룹은 주관적 발목 기능의 감소가 있었으나 실제 신체 능력에는 차이가 없었다. 외측 발목 염좌는 만성 발목 불안정성을 야기하고, 이는 축구 수행능력을 감소시키며 관절염, 건강관련 삶의 질을 악화시킬 수 있다. 따라서, 중등부 축구선수의 외측 발목 염좌는 적절하게 관리되어야 한다.

This study aimed to identify differences in physical fitness and self-reported questionnaires about ankles between youth soccer players with and without a history of lateral ankle sprains(LAS). A total of one hundred U-15 soccer players were recruited for this study. The following variables were collected by experienced investigators: 1) dorsiflexion in weight bearing condition, inversion, and eversion for ankle ROM; 2) rearfoot angle in prone position and tibial varum for alignments; 3) the foot lift test for static postural control; 4) the star excursion balance test for dynamic postural control; 5) the side hop test for coordination; and 6) the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) for self-reported questionnaires. The independent t-test was used to compare mean differences between groups and the significant level was set at 0.05. The LAS group showed lower scores of FAAM-activities of daily living and sport (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the other variables between groups. The LAS group had decreased subjective ankle function but not physical fitness. As LAS may result in chronic ankle instability, which may cause decrease in soccer performance and osteoarthritis, and health-related quality of life, LAS of U-15 soccer players should be treated properly.

If the hip joint continues to internal rotation, the knee joint may occur genu valgus deformity and the foot arches may collapse to flat, as resulting decrease functional activity like gait. The purpose of this study was investigated to the effect of a newly designed hip joint angle adjuster orthosis to correct the abnormal internal rotational of the hip joint and the abnormal alignment of the lower limb. Twenty five patients who had internal rotation angle of the hip joint greater than the normal angle of hip joint were applied to this research. Gait factors were used by the GaitRite device and the alignment of the lower limb were measured using a ABW-mapper device before and after intervetion, respectively. The statistical analysis was performed by a paired t-test. As a result, the gait velocity (28.70±19.90 m/sec)(p=.000) and cadence (7.45±12.71 m/sec)(p=.017) were significantly improved than before the intervention in the gait factors. The maximum rotation angle of the femur (20.08±5.54)(p=.000) has significantly improved than before the intervention in the lower limb alignment. This research suggest that newly designed hip joint angle adjuster orthosis may be effective gait velocity and the cadence in gait, and rotation angle of the femur on the lower limb symmetry.

본 논문은 파키스탄과 중국 간의 군사 및 경제 관계를 다루고 있다. 1951년 외교 관계를 수립 한 이래 양국 관계는 현저히 향상되어왔다. 사실, 파키스탄- 중국 연대는 그 자체의 특색을 가지고 있는데, 주로 그 연대의 유형에 관한 본질과 명백한 유대 관계의 근본에 관한 것이다. 이 관계에 대한 중국의 설명은 과거로부터 시작된 양국의 유대관계에 중심을 두는 반면에, 파키스탄은 이 관계를 매우 화려하고 수사적인 관점에서 묘사하고 있다. 더욱이, 최근 몇 년간 양국은 냉전 이후 시대의 지리-경제적 목표의 형태로 양국 관계에 새로운 이론적 근거를 추가해왔 다. 중국은 경제적 능력을 가지고 있지만, 파키스탄은 거대한 벤처 기업과 같은 경제적 인프라를 갈구하고 있다. 대체적으로 지리-경제적 매개 변수 에 따라 파키스탄과 중국의 관계를 결정하는 데는 두 이해 관계자 모두에 게 상당한 시간과 막대한 노력이 필요할 것이다.

This paper deals with the military and economic relations between Pakistan and China. Since the establishment of diplomatic contacts in 1951, the two countries have witnessed remarkable improvements in bilateral relations. In fact, Pakistan-China alignment has peculiarities of its own that mainly concern the nature of patterns and trends underlying the manifest ties. Chinese descriptions of this relationship are steeped in episodes of collaboration from the past while Pakistan has depicted this relationship in highly ornate terms. Moreover, in recent years, the two countries have added a new rationale to relationship in the form of geo-economic goals in the post-Cold War era. Ambitious plans are in the making and range of projects are being implemented. China has the capacity, while Pakistan has craving for such mega ventures. All in all, positioning Pakistan-China relations along the geo-economic parameters will require considerable time and gigantic efforts on the part of both stake-holders.

최근 각국은 복잡하고 변화가 많은 안보 환경 하에서 국방 예산의 효율성과 작전의 효과성을 극 대화하기 위해 능력기반 전력 건설 및 운용에 집중하고 있다. EA는 엔터프라이즈 범위의 구성요소를 정의하고 그들 간의 관계를 제시함으로서, 엔터프라이즈 범위의 관점을 통합하고, 변화와 복잡도등을 관리한다. 따라서 전장의 변화와 복잡도 관리를 위해서 EA를 구축하고, 국방 예산의 효율성과 작전 효과성을 증대를 위해서 능력중심의 우선순위 결정 및 자원의 대안수립이 중요하다. EA 사상아래 조 직, 업무(작전), 기능, 통합능력, 체계, 자원, 전략 등 주요 엔터프라이즈 구성요소들을 통합능력을 중 심으로 프레임워크내에 정의하여 복잡한 그들간의 연관관계를 함께 산출물로 제시하므로서 구성요소 간의 정렬, 통합 및 상호운용성이 가능하게 하고, 현재의 전력운용 관점과 미래의 전력개발 관점을 동 시에 포함하여 전환계획이 가능한 RTM기반 EA2I프레임워크를 이미 개념적 수준으로 제안한바 있다. 그러나 통합능력을 중심으로 보다 정량적이고 적용 가능하도록 EA2I프레임워크의 구성요소와 구성 요소간의 관계, 특히 능력 및 능력우선순위 방법론을 구체적인 수학적 모델로 제시하여 보다 정량적 이고 적용 가능하게 하였다.

Many Countries are recently focued on building capability based military and operating for the defense budget efficiency and operational effectiveness. The EA not only defines enterprise scope but also identifies relation among them, manage change and complexity. Accordingly, this research aims to build architecture framework which can achieve alignment, integration and interoperability by developing it with output. Through this, architecture framework can be changed into force development and operation. And it can be used for construction of effective force and operation for NCO by applying mathematical model and method of force priority development based on developed capabilities-based architecture framework.

최근 선진국은 능력기반의 NCW 개념을 정립하고 공통언어인 아키텍처 프레임워크를 활용하 여 국방력을 건설 중이다. 한국군도 NCW 접근을 위해 MND-AF를 이용하여 EA 구축에 노력하고 있으나, 능력을 중심으로 복잡한 주요 영역간 관계를 논리적으로 설명하고, AF의 사상을 포함하여 전 환계획과 산출물을 제시한 프레임워크가 부재하다. 따라서 본 논문에서 EA 사상아래 조직, 작전, 기 능, 통합능력, 체계, 자원, 전략 등 주요 NCW 구성요소들을 통합능력을 중심으로 프레임워크내에 정 의하여 복잡한 그들간의 연관관계를 함께 산출물로 제시하므로서 구성요소간의 정렬, 통합 및 상호운 용성이 가능하게 하고, 현재의 전력운용 관점과 미래의 전력개발 관점을 동시에 포함하여 전환계획이 가능한 RTM기반 EA2I프레임워크를 제안한다.

Advanced Countries make efforts to develop the concept of Capability-Based NCW and have built the defense power by using the AF that is the common language. MND also makes efforts to develop defense EA through MND-AF for NCW approach. however, it seems to be very difficult to develop Capability-Based NCW without RTM based framework of integrated capability. The purpose of this paper is to make “The RTM Based EA2I Framework” which composed of Organization, Operation, Function, Integrated Capability, System, and Resource with force operating view and force developing view EA. This framework contains the concept of Alignment, Integration, Interoperability, Transition Plan, and Products.

Across linguistic and cultural divides, humans engage with stories as a central Across linguistic and cultural divides, humans engage with stories as a central form of communication. Previous studies reveal that when humans listen to the form of communication. Previous studies reveal that when humans listen to the same story told in their native language, their brain activity becomes temporally same story told in their native language, their brain activity becomes temporally aligned. This story-evoked alignment of inter-subjective brain processes holds aligned. This story-evoked alignment of inter-subjective brain processes holds great theoretical significance as it points to neural commonalities that underlie great theoretical significance as it points to neural commonalities that underlie communication. Yet, does this collective alignment of brains transcend linguistic communication. Yet, does this collective alignment of brains transcend linguistic boundaries? Analyzing brain responses of French, English, and Chinese speakers boundaries? Analyzing brain responses of French, English, and Chinese speakers exposed to their respective renditions of ‘Le Petit Prince,’ this study reveals exposed to their respective renditions of ‘Le Petit Prince,’ this study reveals alignment across the brain’s default mode network. This network, which is alignment across the brain’s default mode network. This network, which is implicated in sense-making and social cognition, exhibits similar spatio-temporal implicated in sense-making and social cognition, exhibits similar spatio-temporal responses regardless of language, suggesting a universal processing framework. responses regardless of language, suggesting a universal processing framework. Our findings highlight the covert connection stories forge between diverse Our findings highlight the covert connection stories forge between diverse brains. This underscores the fundamental neurocognitive architecture underlying brains. This underscores the fundamental neurocognitive architecture underlying story processing and the collective impact of stories on human cognition and story processing and the collective impact of stories on human cognition and communication.

Background: Scapular depression syndrome is associated with weakness or elongation in the upper trapezius and a lower pressure pain threshold. Purpose: This study aimed to compare the pressure pain thresholds of the upper trapezius and median nerve trunks and muscle activity during shoulder flexion before and after scapular alignment exercises and nerve mobilization in subjects with scapular depression alignment. Study design: Two-group pre- and post-test design Methods: The subjects were 30 men with scapular depression alignment aged 20?40 years old. Thirty subjects were randomly divided into the nerve mobilization group (n=15) and the scapular alignment exercise group. The scapular alignment exercise group repeated the scapular setting exercise 15 times a session while maintaining 1 min per trial, and the nerve mobilization group performed five sets of nerve mobilization, with set including 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 times. The subjects were measured in terms of the pressure pain threshold and muscle activity during shoulder flexion. The pressure pain threshold was measured in the median nerve and upper trapezius. Muscle activity was measured in the upper trapezius, lower trapezius, and serratus anterior muscles during 120° shoulder flexion. Results: There was a significant increase in the pressure pain threshold of the upper trapezius before and after intervention in the scapular alignment exercise group (p<0.05). A significant increase in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior before and after intervention was observed in the scapular alignment exercise group (p<0.05), and a significant difference was found in the muscle activity of the serratus anterior between the two groups according to the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusions: The scapular alignment exercises enable subjects with scapular depression alignment to reduce the mechanical sensitivity of muscles and nervous tissues and bring immediate activation in muscle activity of serratus anterior. This study recommend that scapular alignment exercise could help scapular depression syndrome as a therapeutic exercise method in clinical field.

We propose a novel interference alignment (IA) technique with receive antenna partitioning (RAP) for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT)-enabled downlink fog radio access networks (F-RANs). The basic idea of the proposed scheme is to apply a generalized downlink IA for each access point (AP) and to divide receive antennas at each user into two groups for information decoding (ID) and energy harvesting (EH), respectively. With the proposed scheme, an optimal receive antenna configuration at each user is obtained to maximize the weighted sum of achievable rate and the sum of harvested energy of the network. Also we develop an antenna configuration selection algorithm to obtain near-optimal performance with low computational complexity. Through extensive computer simulations, it is shown that the proposed scheme significantly improves a rate-energy region compared with existing techniques.

Interference alignment (IA) has been studied extensively as an advanced technology to obtain the maximum degree of freedom (DoF) of multi-user wireless communication systems. This letter provides a brief review of recent works on IA. The most effective approach of IA is to deploy optimal linear transceivers by exploiting spatial characteristics of wireless channels. It is evaluated in measured multi-input multi-output (MIMO) interference channels. The implementation of IA depends on the characteristics of channel state information (CSI) feedback to the transmitters, such as imperfect, noisy, localized, delayed nature, and so on. In this work, we present a review of existing techniques for IA in typical multi-user MIMO systems. Moreover, we also consider some future research issues related to implementation. The study covers IA's feasibility conditions, solution algorithms in MIMO interference channel and MIMO multi-cell networks, with emphasis on the CSI feedback technology which remains as the major challenge of IA.

The lower transmission power capability of internet of things (IoT) devices in millimeter-wave (mmWave) networks necessitates the activation of beamforming techniques by employing multiple antennas. To ensure robust directional transmissions at mmWave frequencies, it is essential to accurately align narrow beams with the dominant channel direction. However, directional communications necessitate aligning the beam with the channel direction, resulting in significant transmit power consumption. We aim to reduce the transmit power required to achieve a desired beam-alignment performance, taking into account the power limitations of IoT devices.We propose an analytical framework for optimizing resource utilization in the hierarchical beam alignment algorithm, designed to progressively reduce the size of the beamformer candidate set. Based on the analytical studies, we develop a resource allocation algorithm that determines the optimal transmit power and constructs the optimal set of beamformer candidates at each beam alignment stage. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed power allocation algorithm effectively reduces the transmit power to meet the performance targets for IoT networks.