Earticle

본 연구에서는 공기정화 식물로 잘 알려진 산세베리아(Sansevieria trifasciata)와 스투키(S. stuckyi) 잎 을 소재로 항산화, 항염, 수렴 및 미백 활성을 평가하고자 하였다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디컬 소거능 및 총 폴리페놀 함량을 측정한 결과, 모든 추출물 농도 의존적으로 라디컬 소거 활성이 증가하였으며, 특히 S. trifasciata 열수추 출물의 항산화 효능이 가장 우수하였다. 항염 활성은 LPS에 의한 RAW264.7 세포의 염증반응 매개물질의 변화를 확인한 결과, 세포 독성이 없는 조건하에서 S. stuckyi 에탄올추출물이 현저하게 LPS에 의해 증가된 NO 및 염증 성 싸이토카인 IL-6의 생성을 감소시켰다. 수렴 활성은 헤모글로빈을 이용하여 측정한 결과 S. trifasciata 에탄올 추출물이 10 mg/mL 농도에서 표준물질인 탄닌산과 유사한 수준으로 나타남을 확인하였다. 게다가 S. trifasciata 에탄올추출물과 S. stuckyi 에탄올추출물은 각각 L-DOPA와 L-tyrosine에 대한 tyrosinase 억제 활성이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 S. trifasciata와 S. stuckyui 추출물은 피부노화 방지를 위한 스킨케어제품 원료 후보 로서의 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and whitening activities of extracts from the leaves of Sansevieria trifasciata and S. stuckyi, which are well known for their air-purifying properties. The anti-oxidant activity was assessed through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays, as well as total polyphenol content measurements. All extracts exhibited dose-dependent radical scavenging activity, with the hot water extract of S. trifasciata showing the highest efficacy. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Among the extracts, the ethanol extract of S. stuckyi significantly reduced the production of NO and the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 without cytotoxicity. The astringent activity was determined using hemoglobin protein, revealing that the ethanol extract of S. trifasciata demonstrated astringency comparable to tannic acid at 10 mg/mL. Moreover, the ethanol extracts of S. trifasciata and S. stuckyi were found to have excellent tyrosinase inhibitory activity against L-DOPA and L-tyrosine, respectively. These findings suggest that extracts of S. trifasciata and S. stuckyi have high potential as cosmetic ingredients for preventing skin aging.

본 연구에서는 마늘냉이 씨앗과 잎을 70% 메탄올로 추출한 후 각 추출물의 항산화, 항염 및 항주름 활성을 비교 하고자 하였다. 항산화 활성을 위해 DPPH 또는 ABTS+ 라디컬 소거능을 조사한 결과 마늘냉이 씨앗 메탄올추출물 (APS)의 라디컬 소거능이 잎 추출물(APL)보다 우수하였으며, APS(41.160±0.226 mgGAE/g)의 총폴리페놀은 APL(22.223±0.376 mgGAE/g)과 비교하여 1.85배 높은 함량을 나타냈다. LPS로 염증을 유도한 RAW264.7 cell에서 APL은 추출물 농도 의존적으로 산화질소(Nitric oxide, NO) 생성량 및 염증성 싸이토카인 분비량을 억제시켰다. 또한 마늘냉이 잎 추출물은 in vitro elastase 효소 및 NHDF 세포주에서 MMP-1 단백질 발현을 저해시키고, HaCaT 세포내 수분 조절 유전자인 AQP-3의 단백질 수준을 증가시켰다. 따라서 마늘냉이 씨앗은 항산화제, 잎 추출물은 항염 및 항주름 효능의 천연 소재 유래 기능성화장품 원료로서의 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

In this study, the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-wrinkle activities of Alliaria petiolata extracts were evaluated. We extracted A. petiolata 70% methanol extract from A. petiolata seed (APS) and leaf (APL). The total polyphenol contents, DPPH, and ABTS+ radical scavenging activities were higher in APS than in APL. Notably, APL significantly inhibited the production of LPS-induced nitric oxide and reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. Inhibition of elastase enzyme activity and MMP-1 protein expression worked only in APL. Moreover, the AQP-3 protein level remarkably increased in keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Therefore, these results indicate that A. petiolata seed and leaf are a potentially beneficial natural source of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-wrinkle properties in functional cosmetics.

Abstract : In this study the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and whitening effects of purple cabbage methanol extract (PM), purple cabbage hot-water extract (PW), brussels sprouts methanol extract (BM), brussels sprouts hot-water extract (BW), green cabbage methanol extract (GM), and green cabbage hot-water extract (GW) were evaluated. The anti-oxidant activities were assayed by three methods based on scavenging of DPPH, ABTS, and the total polyphenol content. PM and BM extracts showed the highest DPPH anion and ABTS cation radical scavenging activities. BM extract also exhibited the highest phenolic content (24.13 mg gallic acid/g). The anti-inflammatory activities on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cells were also investigated. The BM significantly suppressed NO production, cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-6, and PGE2), and inflammatory gene (iNOS and COX-2) expression. Furthermore, the BM extract inhibited in vitro mushroom tyrosinase activity and α-MSH-induced extracellular melanin content in B16F10 cells. Based on these results, extracts of brussels sprouts could be a candidate for anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and whitening agents.

摘要:本研究共采集了6类样品:红甘蓝甲醇提取物(PM), 红甘蓝热水提取物(PW), 球子甘蓝 甲醇提取物(BM), 球子甘蓝热水提取物(BW)􀕵甘蓝甲醇提取物(GM)和卷心菜热水提取物 (GW), 旨在于评价其抗氧化􀕵抗炎和美白功效, 根据DPPH, ABTS和总多酚含量对抗氧化活 性进行了比较分析, 研究结果表明, PM和BM提取物对阴离子DPPH自由基和阳离子ABTS的 自由基清除能力较高, 且BM提取物的总多酚含量最好, 为24.13 mg gallic acid/g, 针对抗 炎活性的研究则通过 LPS 诱导 RAW264.7 细胞株炎症来实施, 结果表明, BM 提取物对NO 生成, TNF-α, IL-6 和 PGE2 分泌以及与 iNO 和 COX-2炎症相关基因的生成水平呈现出显 著的抑制作用, 此外􀕵BM 提取物在in vitro mushroom tyrosinase的激活, B16F10 细胞株 中抑制基于 α-MSH 的黑色素生成, 综上, 可以推断球子甘蓝提取物作为抗氧化剂, 抗炎和 美白候选物质具有巨大潜力.

This study aims to assess the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial effects of Suaeda australis, which is known as halophytes. Methanol extracts of S. australis were fractioned according to the polarity with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and H2O. The anti-oxide activity of the fractions was evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol content. All solvent fractions showed potent anti-oxidative effects, as assessed using radical scavenging activity, with IC50 values ranging from 109.782 to 754.691 ㎍/mL. In agreement with this pattern, the total phenolic contents were widely distributed in solvent fractions, and ranged from 10.746 to 50.672 mg/g GAE of dry weight. In the evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects, LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophages suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2, as well as the production of TNF-α and IL-6. Skin barrier protective effects were investigated in HaCaT cells measuring the mRNA expression of skin barrier integrity and hydration genes, namely, HBD (human β-defensin), LL-37(cathelicidin), and HAS (hyaluronic acid synthase). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the strongest skin barrier integrity. Based on the current results, S. australis was suggested to posses natural anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents, and skin protective materials, indicating that it could be a valuable source of multi-functional cosmetic ingredients.

本研究旨在于调查盐生植物南方碱蓬地上部分提取物的抗氧化, 抗炎, 抗微生物肽及皮肤保 湿功效. 本文以南方碱蓬甲醇提取物为对象, 使用不同极性的有机溶剂, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol及水制造了分划物. 通过DPPH径向清除活性和总多 酚含量的测定, 对其抗氧化功效分析的结果显示, 分划物的DPPH IC50值在109.782至754.691 微克/mL浓度范围内, 与此相同, 总多酚含量结果为10.746至50.672 mggAE/g, 所有分划物 均显示出抗氧化功效. 通过确认LPS诱导炎症反应的RAW264.7巨噬细胞中的抗炎功效的结果 显示, NO生成和TNF-α, IL-6等血清素, iNOS和COX-2的产生均受到了阻碍. 最后, 将南方 碱蓬的皮肤抗微生物肽和保湿基因, HBD (humanβ-对defensin, LL-37(cathelicidin), and HAS(hyaluronic acid synthase) mRNA的生成物, 在HaCaT角质细胞中进行了调查, 结果表明, 乙酰乙酸分泌物具有最佳的细胞屏障保护效果. 综合上述实验, 南方碱蓬作 为天然抗氧化剂, 抗炎剂和护肤成分功效的多功能化妆品原料, 其价值较高.

Coriandrum sativum commonly known as coriander, is one of the most popularly used in culinary as well as traditional medicine. Although C. sativum exhibits desirable biological effects, such as anti-microbial, anti-tumor, insecticidal, and deodorizing effects, the effect of C. sativum extract on the skin protective function remains unknown. Thus, we herein examined the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammation, and skin barrier function of C. sativum seed (CS) and leaf (CL) extract. The seed extract exhibited remarkable DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity with IC50 values. The total polyphenol content of the seed and leaf was found to be 24.795±0.425 mgGAE/g, 14.614±0.511 mgGAE/g, respectively. Both seed and leaf extract showed no cytotoxicity from 0.05 to 0.2 mg/mL concentration as a result of MTT assay in RAW264.7 cells. The C. sativum seed extract showed that its ability to reduce nitric oxide(NO), suppress cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) and inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and interleukin(IL)-6. Furthermore, seed methanolic extract promotes the mRNA expression of filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin, which is related to skin barrier protection. Our data suggest that C. sativum seed extract may be an effective natural source for improving the skin care function.

众所周知，香菜(Coriandrum sativum)作为传统医学与烹饪领域中，最广泛使用的原材料之一，具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、杀虫、除臭等生物学功效。然而，针对香菜提取物的护肤功能尚待开发。因此，我们试图调查香菜种子(C. sativum seed, CS)和叶子(C. sativum leaf, CL)提取物的抗氧化、抗炎症和皮肤屏障功能。香菜籽提取物为IC50值，具有显著的DPPH和ABTS自由基清除活性。种子和叶片总多酚含量分别为24.795±0.425mgGAE/g和14.614±0.511mgGAE/g。MTT分析表明，RAW264.7细胞在种子和叶子提取物浓度为0.05 ~0.2mg/mL的条件下，均未出现细胞毒性。香菜种子提取物降低了亚硝基氧化物（NO），抑制了环氧化物酶-2（COX-2），并阻碍了促炎细胞因子，如TNF-α和白细胞介素（IL）-6。 此外，种子甲醇提取物增加了与皮肤屏障保护相关的filggrin、loricirn和involucirn基因mRNA显现。因此，上述研究结果表明，香菜种子提取物作为增强护肤功能的天然原料，具有一定效用。

본 연구에서는 단삼 뿌리 추출물의 세포 안정성, 수렴 활성, NO 소거능, iNOS 단백질 발현량, 염증성 cytokine 분비, elastase 효소 저해능, type I pro-collagen 합성능 등을 조사하여 기능성 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 평가하고 자 하였다. 단삼 80% 에탄올추출물(SE)과 열수추출물(SW)을 대상으로 NHDF 및 RAW264.7 세포에서 0.05~0.5 mg/mL 농도 처리에 따른 독성을 보이지 않아 수렴, 염증, 주름 개선 효능을 진행하였다. 그 결과 수렴활성 측정 결과 SE는 10 mg/mL에서 74.6%의 활성을 나타냈다. SE는 농도 의존적으로 LPS에 의해 유도된 NO, iNOS 단백질, TNF-α 및 IL-6 cytokine의 생성을 유의미하게 감소시켰다. 게다가 SE와 SW는 elastase 효소 활성을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 TNF-α에 의해 감소된 pro-collagen의 생성을 증가시켰다. 따라서 단삼 에탄올추출물은 수렴제, 염증 관련 피부 질환, 주름 생성을 효과적으로 예방할 수 있는 천연 화장품 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

This study was conducted to determine the cell cytotoxicity, astringency, nitrite oxide scavenging, iNOS protein expression level, pro-inflammatory cytokine, elastase inhibition, and type I pro-collagen synthesis as a functional cosmetics material of Salvia miltiorrhiza root. We prepared the 80% ethanol(SE) and hot-distilled water(SW), respectively. Both SE and SW showed no toxicity from 0.05 to 0.5 mg/mL concentration as a result of MTT assay in NHDF or RAW264.7 cells. In the measurement of astringent effect, SE reveled 74.6% of astringent activity in 10 mg/mL. SE showed that LPS-induced nitric oxide production, iNOS protein expression, and cytokines were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, two extracts significantly inhibited elastase activity and increased the type I pro-collagen production. Therefore, it is expected that Salvia miltiorrhiza extract is used as a natural material for functional cosmetics that can effectively prevent skin-related inflammation and wrinkles, and aging.

본 연구에서는 생태교란종으로 지정되어 대량으로 방제되는 영국갯끈풀의 에탄올 추출물을 활용하여 여러 가지 생리활성을 평가하고 화장품 원료로서의 활용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 항산화 활성은 라디컬 소거법인 DPPH와 ABTS assay 및 환원력을 통한 FRAP과 같은 화학적 방법으로 조사한 결과, 영국갯끈풀 지상부 에탄올 추출물의 항산화 활성이 우수하였다. 각 추출물 농도 0.5 mg/mL 이하 조건에서 RAW264.7 cell과 NHDF cell에 대한 세포독성은 관찰되지 않았다. LPS로 활성화 된 RAW264.7 세포에서 증가된 염증매개물질 NO와 사이토카인 생성량은 지하부 에탄올 추출물에 의해 뚜렷하게 감소되었다. 또한 NHDF cell을 지상부와 지하부 두 추출물로 처리하여 collagen 합성과 피부 수분 유전자 발현을 조사한 결과 높은 항주름 및 보습 효능을 나타냈다. 이와 같은 결과를 통하여 영국갯끈풀 에탄올추출물은 기능성화장품의 생리활성 물질에 대한 유용한 바이오 자원으로서의 활 용 가능성이 우수함을 확인하였다.

The Spartina anglica is recognized as a highly invasive plant and active eradication methods are required. In this study, we aimed to determine the physiologic activities of Spartina anglica extracts as a cosmetic ingredient. Antioxidant properties were investigated by different chemical methods including radical quenching (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power(FRAP) assay and aerial part of S. anglica(SAA) extract presented the strongest antioxidant activities. The significant cytotoxicity was not observed up to a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in RAW264.7 cells and NHDF cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of S. anglica belowground(SAB) extract had strong effects on cell-based systems, including LPS-induced NO and cytokines(TNF-a and IL-6) production in RAW264.7 cells. Collagen synthesis and skin hydration gene expression of S. anglica extract showed the highest anti-wrinkle and moisturizing effect in NHDF cells. Results presented in this study tend to show that the ethanol extracts of S. anglica could be exploited as useful-bio-resource for bioactive substances in functional cosmetics.

본 연구는 자색당근(black carrot, BC) 소재로 초임계추출물에 대해 DPPH radical 소거능, ABTS radical 소거능, 총 폴리페놀 함량 측정을 통해 항산화 활성, 인간의 정상 섬유아세포에서 콜라겐 생성과 MMP-1 발현을 조사하여 항주름 효능을 평가하고자 하였다. 그 결과 자색당근 초임계추출물 내 총 폴리페놀 함량 (9.037±1.123 mg GAE/g), DPPH, ABTS 분석 결과로 높은 항산화 효과 를 확인하였다. NHDF 세포에서 초임계추출물 농도에 의한 세포독성은 거의 없었으며, 이때 추출물은 농도 의존적으로 MMP-1 단백질 및 MMP-1 mRNA 발현을 억제하고, 콜라겐 type I 유전자 mRNA 수준 증가에 의한 type I procollagen의 합성을 촉진하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 자색당근 초임계추출물은 우수한 항산화 효능과 친환경 (solvent free)물질, 항노화 원료로서 화장품, 식품, 미용식품 등 다양한 산업분야에 있어 활용 가능성이 매우 높을 것으로 판단된다.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-wrinkle effect of the black carrot(BC) extracted by supercritical dioxide(SC-CO2). DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging and total polyphenol contents were measured to investigate the anti-oxidant activity of the BC supercritical extract. Collagen production and MMP-1 expression were assessed in normal human dermal fibroblasts(NHDF) for anti-wrinkle activity, The black carrot extract showed the highest total phenolic content(9.037±1.123 mg GAE/g extract) and the best antioxidant properties as shown by DPPH and ABTS assay. The supercritical fluid extracts of black carrot exhibited low toxicity to NHDF cells. In addition, the supercritical fluid extracts showed MMP-1 inhibition and type I pro-collagen synthesis inducing activities in a dose-dependent manner, respectively. Therefore, these results suggest that the black carrot is a potential source of high anti-oxidative, solvent-free and anti-aging material with promising applications in cosmetic, food, and beauty-food industries.

본 연구의 목적은 흑구기자의 생리학적 활성을 평가하여 화장품 산업에 활용 가능한 원료로서의 가능성을 조사하고자 흑구기자 열매에 70% 메탄올(LRM)과 열수(LRW)를 이용하여 추출물을 획득하였다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디컬 소거능 결과 LRW 추출물 보다 LRM 추출물에서 라디컬 소거 활성이 증가하였다. FRAP 분석 결과 LRM 추출물에서 LRW 추출물보다 FRAP 값이 1.3배 증가하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 각각 LRM 추출물에서 31.883±1.395 mg/g, LRW 추출물에서 27.748±2.741 mg/g으로 확인되었다. LRM 추출물은 LPS 자극 후 RAW264.7 세포에서 NO 생성을 억제하였다. 또한 LRM 추출물은 LPS에 의한 COX-2, PGE2, IL-6 및 TNF-α의 발현을 저해하였다. 이러한 결과들로 흑구기자 열매는 화장품에 활용되는 천연 항산화 및 항염 물질로서 가능성이 높을 것으로 기대된다.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the physiological activity of Lycium ruthenicum to investigate their potential as a raw material that can be used in the cosmetic industry. L. ruthenicum fruit extracts were obtained using 70% methanol(LRM) and hot-water(LRW). The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging abilities were higher in the LRM extract than in the LRW extract. The FRAP value of LRM was about 1.3-fold greater than that of LRW. The polyphenol contents of LRM and LRW were 31.883±1.395 mg/g and 27.748±2.741 mg/g respectively. LRM inhibited the generation of NO in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. LRM also attenuated the expression of COX-2, PGE2, IL-6, and TNF-α induced by LPS. These results suggests that L. ruthenicum fruits could be use as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agent in cosmetic products.

부처손 잎은 전통한방에서 탈항, 혈뇨, 부정출혈, 월경불순, 자궁출혈 및 만성간염을 치료 목적으로 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 부처손을 이용하여 얻은 열수추출물(STW)과 80%에탄올추출물(STE)의 항산화, 항염 및 세포 재생 활성을 평가하였다. 그 결과 열수추출물과 에탄올추출물의 폴리페놀 화합물 함량은 각각 38.108±0.766 mg/g, 17.927±1.064 mg/g이었다. DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거능 IC50은 열수추출물이 에탄올추출물에 비해 2배 이상 낮았 다. MTT 결과, RAW264.7 세포 생존율은 두 추출물 모두 1 mg/mL에서 6% 감소한 반면, HaCaT 세포의 생존율은 50 ㎍/mL에서 18%로 증가하였다. 열수추출물과 에탄올추출물은 LPS로 자극한 RAW264.7 세포의 NO, TNF-α 그리고 COX-2, PGE2 등의 염증 매개물질의 생성을 억제하였다. 또한 TNF-a에 의한 각질형성 세포의 손상을 저해시켰다. 이상 의 결과로 부처손 열수추출물과 에탄올추출물은 피부건강과 미용 식품을 위한 기능성 원료로 가능성이 높다고 사료된다.

The leaves of Selaginella tamariscina were used for the treatment of many diseases in traditional medicine. In the study, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing activities of the hot-water extract(STW) and 80%ethanol extract(STE) obtained from S. tamariscina were evaluated. As a result, the polyphenol content of STW and STE were 38.108±0.766 mg/g and 17.927±1.064 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities with the IC50 values of the STW were over 2 times lower than that of the STE. In the MTT assay, RAW264.7 cell viability of two extracts was decreased by about 6% at 1 mg/mL, whereas for HaCaT cell viability increased by 18% at 50 ㎍/mL. In addition, STW and STE suppressed the production of nitric oxide(NO), Tumor-necrosis(TNF)-α. COX-2 and PGE2 in lipopolysaccharide(LPS) induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, the STE showed wound healing effect through the promotion of skin cell migration in TNF-α stimulated human keratinocytes. These results indicated that the STW and STE have the potential to be used as a new cosmetic active ingredients in skin care.

본 연구에서는 개정향풀 열수추출물 (AW)과 메탄올추출물 (AM)의 기능성 화장품 활성을 조사하였다. DPPH 항산화 활성 결과에서 열수추출물은 90.5%의 높은 라디컬 소거 활성 (IC50 37.717±8.209 ㎍/mL)을 나타 냈으며, ABTS 항산화 활성은 96.2%로 매우 높았으며, 이때 IC50은 185.244 ± 12.602 ㎍/mL이었다. 대식세포 RAW264.7에서 두 추출물은 LPS에 의한 NO, TNF-α, IL-6의 생성 및 iNOS 발현을 유의하게 억제하였다. 모든 추출물의 농도에서 세포독성은 거의 없었다. 수렴활성 결과 열수추출물이 74.33±2.48 mg/mL로 높은 수렴효능 을 보였다. 따라서 이러한 결과들을 통하여 개정향풀 추출물은 항산화제, 항염 및 수렴제와 같은 미용 목적을 위한 천연제품, 식품첨가제 등 건강 증진에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, the functional cosmetic activity of hot-water (AW) and methanol(AM) extracts from Apocynum lancifolium Russanov are examined. In the DPPH antioxidant activity test, the AW extract showed the highest inhibition rate of 90.5% (IC50 37.717 ± 8.209 ㎍/mL) and the antioxidative activity of ABTS showed a high activity in the AW extract with an IC50 of 185.244 ± 12.602 ㎍/mL and 96.2%, respectively. In RAW264.7 macrophages, the two extracts significantly suppressed the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, IL-6 production and iNOS expression level. The MTT assay measured by the cell survival rate showed that AW and AM extracts have no toxicity. The astringent activity of the AW extract exhibited the highest astringent activity with 74.336±2.487 mg/mL. Therefore, these results suggest that A. lancifolium extracts have a health promotion potential which can be further developed as food additive, natural products for cosmetic purpose.

본 연구에서는 황토노각플러스 추출물의 생리활성 평가를 통해 화장품 원료로서의 가능성을 조사하였다. 황토노각 플러스 추출물에 대한 항산화 효과는 DPPH/ABTS 라디컬 소거능 활성 및 FRAP 분석, 세포 생존율은 MTT assay, 항염증 효과는 nitric oxide(NO) 생성억제 및 iNOS 단백질 발현 수준, 항균 효과는 총 3종 균주 Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis 및 Escherichia coli에 대한 한천 확산법을 측정하였다. 메탄올추출물(MN)과 열수추출물 (WN)의 총폴리페놀 함량은 각각 2.92±0.01 mgGAE/g, 1.67±0.02 mgGAE/g로 나타났다. MN 추출물의 DPPH, ABTS 및 FRAP 값은 모든 농도에서 WN 추출물보다 높게 나타났다. RAW264.7 세포에 대한 두 추출물의 세포 독성은 관찰되지 않았다. 더욱이 1 mg/mL농도에서 MN과 WN 추출물의 NO 생성량은 11.69 μM과 20.4 μM로 측정되었으며, MN 추출 물의 iNOS 단백질 발현 수준은 추출물 농도 의존적으로 억제되었다. 또한 MN 추출물은 S. epidermidis 균주에서만 항균 효능을 보였다. 이러한 결과들로 황토노각플러스 추출물은 항산화, 항염, 항균효능을 지닌 천연물질 후보로써 가능성이 높다고 판단된다.

This study evaluated the possibility of Hoangtonogak Plus extracts as a bioactive ingredients for cosmetic products. Methanol(MN) and hot-water(WN) extracts were analysed by DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP value for anti-oxidant activity, MTT assay for cell viability, inhibition of NO production and iNOS protein expression for anti-inflammatory effect, paper disc diffusion method for anti-microbial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli.. The contents of total polyphenol of MN and WN extracts were 2.92±0.01 mgGAE/g and 1.67±0.02 mgGAE/g, respectively. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP values of MN extracts were higher than WN at each concentration. No significant cytotoxicity was observed in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, NO production of MN and WN at 1 mg/mL concentration was measured as 11.69 μM, 20.4 μM, respectively. In addition, MN extracts showed anti-microbial effect only on S. epidermidis. Also MN extracts suppressed iNOS protein level in a concentration-dependent manner. According to our results, the MN extracts demonstrated its potential as a natural source of antioxidant with anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties.

본 연구는 피부 관리에 사용되는 천연화장품 원료로서 동과자 추출물의 활용 가능성을 조사하기 위해 항산화, 항염 그리고 미백 효능을 평가하였다. DPPH 자유라디컬 소거 활성은 농도 의존적으로 감소하였으며, 총폴리페놀 함량은 메탄올추출물(22.42±0.002 mgGAE/g)이 열수추출물(9.77±0.002 mgGAE/g)보다 더 높게 나타났다. MTT assay 결과 동과자 추출물에 의한 RAW264.7 세포와 B16F10 세포에서의 세포독성은 없었다. 또한 LPS 처리에 의해 활성화된 RAW264.7 세포에서 NO 생성과 TNF-α 분비 억제능을 확인하였다. B16F10 melanoma 세포에서 동과자 추출물은 α-MSH에 의한 멜라닌 합성을 유의하게 저해하는 것으로 나타났다. 게다 가, westernblot 분석결과 동과자 메탄올추출물은 MITF, TRP-1 및 TRP-2 단백질의 발현 수준을 현저하게 감소시켰다. 이상의 결과로 동과자 추출물은 항산화, 항염 그리고 미백 효능을 가진 기능성 화장품 소재로써의 가치가 높을 것으로 사료된다.

To investigate the natural cosmetic ingredients of Benincasa hispida seed extract on skin care, we measured anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, and whitening effect. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner. The total phenolic content was higher in methanol extract (22.42±0.002 mgGAE/g) than water extract (9.77±0.002 mgGAE/g). MTT assay was demonstrated that the seed extract did not have a cytotoxic effect in RAW264.7 and B16F10 cell lines. We also examined to find out the inhibitory activity on NO production and secretion of TNF-α cytokine in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In B16F10 melanoma cells, the seed extract significantly suppressed α-MSH induced melanin synthesis. Furthermore, westernblot analysis revealed that methanol extract dramatically downregulated the expression level of MITF, TRP-1 and TRP-2. Taken together, the B. hispida seed extract posses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and skin whitening activities, which might provided its functional efficacy in cosmetic materials.

본 연구는 향부추의 알뿌리, 잎, 꽃 등의 세 부위별 에탄올 추출물을 대상으로 항산화와 항염 효능을 평가하 였다. DPPH와 ABTS 라디컬 소거능 결과, 알뿌리와 잎보다 꽃 추출물의 소거 활성이 높게 나타났으며 FRAP 분석 결과 모든 추출물에서 추출물 농도 의존적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 꽃 (11.29±0.37 mgGAE/g) > 잎 (6.61±0.14 mgGAE/g) > 알뿌리 (5.7±0.67 mgGAE/g) 추출물 순으로 높게 검출되었다. 쥐 대식세포 RAW264.7 세포와 사람 피부각질 세포주 HaCaT 세포에 대한 세 가지 추출물의 세포독성은 거의 나타 나지 않았다. NO비색정량법, ELISA를 통하여 각 추출물의 항염 효능을 조사한 결과 LPS에 의한 NO 생성, TNF- α 분비가 꽃 에탄올 추출물에서 유의한 수준으로 감소하였다. 따라서 이러한 결과들은 천연식물 자원인 향부추의 에탄올 추출물이 화장품 원료로서 높은 가능성을 의미한다.

This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extracts using three parts of the chives plant: the bulb, the leaf, and the flower. As a result of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging ability, the scavenging activity of the flower extract was higher than that of the bulb and leaf. In addition, as a result of FRAP analysis, antioxidant activity increased in all extracts depending on the extract concentration. The total polyphenol content was high in the following order: flower (11.29±0.37 mgGAE/g) > leaf (6.61±0.14 mgGAE/g) > bulb (5.7±0.67 mgGAE/g) extract. The cytotoxicity of the three extracts against rat macrophage RAW264.7 cells and HaCaT cells, both of which are human cutaneous keratinocyte cell lines, was minimal. NO by LPS was generated as a result of examining the anti-inflammatory activity of each extract through the NO colorimetric analysis method and ELISA. TNF-α secretion was decreased to a significant level in the flower ethanol extract. Therefore, these results indicate that there is a high possibility that the ethanol extract of chives, a natural plant resource, can be used as a cosmetic raw material.

본 연구에서는 적양자 (Pyracantha angustifolia) 에탄올 또는 열수 추출물의 항산화, 항염 활성 평가를 통해 화장품 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다. DPPH와 ABTS를 이용한 라디컬 소거능 결과 에탄올추출물에서 각각 IC50 3.78 ㎍/mL, IC50 510.57 ㎍/mL로 열수 추출물에 비해 높은 활성을 나타냈다. 총 폴리페놀함량 분석 결과 1 mg/mL 에탄올추출물에서 37.11±0.01 mgGAE/mL, 열수추출물에서 11.46±0.01 mgGAE/mL의 함량 이 검출되었다. 마우스 대식세포(RAW264.7 cell)에 대한 세포 독성을 MTT assay로 측정한 결과, 두 가지 추출물 의 모든 농도(0.0625-1 mg/mL)에서 세포독성이 없음을 확인하였다. 게다가 RAW264.7 세포에서 LPS 자극에 의한 NO 생성, TNF-α 사이토카인 분비 그리고 iNOS 또는 TNF-α의 mRNA 발현이 적양자 에탄올추출물 처리 후 현저하게 감소함을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들을 토대로 적양자 특히 에탄올추출물은 우수한 항산화 활성과 함 께 항염 효능을 가진 천연 화장품 원료로서 활용 가치가 높을 것으로 기대된다.

This study evaluated the antioxidant activity and the anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extracted Pyracantha angustifolia (PE) or hot water extracted P. angustifolia (PW) using natural plant sources. In the DPPH and ABTS assay, the PE extracts showed the highest activity with an IC50 of 3.78 ㎍/mL, IC50 of 510.57 ㎍/mL, respectively. The total polyphenol content of PE extracts was 37.11±0.01 mgGAE/mL and PW extracts was 11.46±0.01 mgGAE/mL in a 1 mg/mL. The MTT assay showed no cytotoxicity at all concentration of two extracts in mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7. In addition, PE extracts strongly inhibited the production of NO, TNF-α cytokine secretion, and iNOS/TNF-α mRNA expression stimulated by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that P. angustifolia, especially the ethanol extracts (PE), can be used as a cosmetic material containing natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

본 연구의 목적은 삼내자(Kaempferia Galanga) 열수추출물의 항산화, 세포독성, 항염 효능을 조사하여 화장품 성분으로서 활용 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 항산화 활성 평가를 위해 DPPH, ABTS 라디컬 소거능 활성, FRAP 환원력, 총폴리페놀 함량을 측정하였다. 쥐의 대식세포인 RAW264.7 세포를 대상으로 MTT assay를 수행하여 세포독성을 확인하 였다. 항염 효능을 알아보기 위해 LPS로 유도된 RAW264.7 세포에서 nitric oxide(NO), TNF-α 분비 및 iNOS, TNF-α mRNA 발현 수준을 조사하였다. 그 결과 DPPH와 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 라디칼 소거 활성이 증가하였 다. FRAP 값은 5 mg/mL에서 24.5 uM로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 총폴리페놀 함량은 1.28±0.064 mg GAE/g로 나타났다. KG 추출물 농도 0.625∼2.5 mg/mL에서 세포독성은 보이지 않았다. 또한 RAW264.7 세포에서 LPS 유도에 의한 NO, TNF-α 분비 그리고 iNOS, TNF-α의 mRNA 발현이 KG 추출물에 의해 유의하게 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 삼내자 열수 추출물이 안전하고 효과적인 화장품 원료로서의 활용 가능성이 있음을 보여준다.

In this study, we investigated the possibility of Kaempferia Galanga(KG) hot water extract on the antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory efficacy as a cosmetic ingredient. Antioxidant effects were evaluated based on DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, FRAP assay, and total polyphenol contents. The MTT assay was used to confirm the cell toxicity in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Anti-inflammatory effects were also investigated in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells by measuring secretion of NO, TNF-α and iNOS, TNF-α mRNA expression level. As a result, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP) was the highest at 5 mg/mL as 24.5 uM. The measurements of total polyphenol content was 1.28±0.064 mg GAE/g. The cytotoxicity of the KG extract results showed no cytotoxicity at concentration of 0.625 to 2.5 mg/mL. In addition, the extract of KG significantly suppressed the LPS-induced nitrite, TNF- α secretion and the mRNA expression of iNOS, TNF-α in RAW264.7 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that the KG hot water extracts can be used as a safe and functional cosmetic raw material.

본 연구는 뉴로피드백 훈련을 적용하여 생활습관을 조절하는 자기조절력과 키 성장간의 상관성을 규명함으로 써 키 성장의 효과적인 중재 방안에 대한 해법을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 이를 위해 키 성장 프로그램을 실시하고 있는 초등학 교 2학년∼4학년 학생 40명(실험군 20명, 대조군 20명) 대상으로 뉴로피드백 훈련 전·후의 변화를 확인하였다. 실험기간은 3개월간(주 2회), 훈련시간은 1회 30분이였다. 뉴로피드백 훈련을 적용한 실험군과 대조군의 자기조절력 차이를 분석한 후, 키 성장 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 첫째, 뉴로피드백 훈련을 적용한 실험군이 대조군에 비해 자기조절력에 유의미한 변화가 있었다. 둘째, 뉴로피드백 훈련을 적용한 실험군이 대조군에 비해 더 크게 키 성장의 변화가 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면 뉴로피드백 훈련이 성장기 학생들에게 있어 키 성장의 후천적 요인들 중 생활습관을 조절하는 자기조절력에 긍정적인 영향 을 미치며, 그로 인해 키 성장에도 긍정적인 영향을 미친다는 것이 확인되었다.

This study aimed to find an effective intervention measure through establishing the correlation between self-regulation (control over life style) and height growth through neuro-feedback training. 40 elementary students in grades two to four with height growth programs (20 experimental group students, 20 control group students) were examined for the changes before and after undergoing neuro-feedback training. The experiment lasted for three months with one 30-minute training session two times a week. After analyzing the differences in self-regulation among the control group with no neuro-feedback training and the experimental group with neuro-feedback training, the differences in height growth were analyzed. First of all, there were positive changes in self-regulation of the experimental group compared with the control group. Secondly, the experimental group showed larger changes in height growth. In conclusion, neuro-feedback training had positive effects upon the self-regulation that adjusts the acquired factors of height growth, which led to positive effects.

최근 농산물 시장의 경쟁이 점점 치열해지면서, 전통적인 디자인과 브랜드 모델로는 시장에서 경쟁력을 유지하기 어려워졌다. 이에 본 연구는 중국의 윈난(云南) 지역 문화와 ‘루량(陆良) 채소’의 시각 이미지를 통합한 디자인을 분석의 출발점으로 하여, 지역 문화 요소를 통합할 때 발생하는 시각 디자인 문제를 탐구하였다. 이를 통해 ‘루량 채소’를 활용할 수 있는 윈난 지역 문화의 요소들을 분석하고, 기존 농산물 브랜드가 직면한 문제들을 해결하는 방안을 모색하였다. 또한, ‘루량 채소’의 독특한 지역 문화를 바탕으로 한 시각 이미지를 형성하고, 이를 독특한 도형과 기호 시스템을 통해 구축하여 사례를 설명하였다. 이에 따라, 3년간의 실제 적용을 통해, 지역 문화의 시각적 요소와 브랜드의 시각 이미지를 결합한 디자인은 ‘루량 채소’의 시각 이미지에 지역성과 독창성을 부각했다. 이는 ‘루량 채소’의 종합 생산량을 현재 240억 위안 규모로 성장시키는 데 크게 기여했으며, 결과적으로 브랜드 인지도와 경제적 가치가 효과적으로 개선되었다. 본 연구가 지역 문화와 브랜드 시각 디자인 분야의 학문적 탐구를 촉진하고, 다른 지역에서의 유사 연구 및 브랜드 디자인을 위한 실질적인 지침과 이론적 참고 자료를 제공할 것으로 기대한다.

With the increasingly fierce competition in the market of agricultural products, the traditional design forms and branding models have become insufficient. This paper takes the visual image integration design of regional culture and ‘Luliang Vegetables’ regional public brand as the starting point, discusses the visual design problems faced by the existing regional public brand of agricultural products when integrating regional cultural elements, and analyses the available elements of ‘Luliang Vegetables’ in Yunnan regional culture. It analyses the available elements of ‘Luliang Vegetables’ in Yunnan regional culture. On this basis, a visual image based on the unique regional culture of ‘Luliang Vegetables’ was shaped, and a proprietary visual graphic and symbol system was established and illustrated with case studies. After three years of practical application, it has been proved that the design concept of combining the visual elements of regional culture with the visual image of the brand has made the visual image of ‘Luliang Vegetables’ highlight the uniqueness of the region, which has developed from ‘scattered, small and weak’ to the scale of 24 billion yuan, and significantly improved the brand. From the once ‘scattered, small and weak’ to the present scale of 24 billion yuan, it has significantly enhanced the brand awareness and economic value. It is hoped that this study will promote academic exploration in the field of regional culture and brand visual design, and provide practical guidance and theoretical reference for similar studies and brand design in other regions.

Corallina pilulifera (CP) is prevalent along the Korean coastline and belongs to the Corallinaceae family, exhibiting growth throughout all seasons. This study confirmed the role of calcium supplementation through CP, calcined CP (CCP), and a commercial calcium powder, highlighting variations in dosage within animal models induced by a calcium-deficient diet. Analysis of calcium absorption was conducted by assessing the serum and urine calcium levels during the feeding periods. Serum calcium content was significantly higher in the control group (CON, 9.79 mg/dL) than in the calcium-deficient model (CDM, 6.15 mg/dL). The calcium content of urine was significantly higher than that of CON (0.20 mg/dL) compared with CDM (0.08 mg/dL). Reticular bone thickness showed no significant differences between the CON and CDM groups. Additionally, micro-CT results demonstrated a reduction in the trabecular volume and a significant difference between the number of strands and the average interval of the reticular bone. In conclusion, CP serves as a promising source of calcium supplementation. Therefore, these findings emphasize that CP is of sufficient value as an industrial material related to calcium metabolism.

The purpose of this study is to explore professors' perception of blended learning. For this purpose, the reflective journals written by 56 university professors was analyzed using the keyword network analysis method. The results of this study are as follows: First, as a result of keyword frequency analysis for the blended learning, the keywords showed the highest frequency in the order of (1) 'instructional design', 'student', 'instructional method', 'learning objective' in the area of learning, (2) 'importance', 'instruction', 'feeling', 'student' in the area of feeling, and (3) 'semester', 'plan', 'weekly', and 'instruction' in the area of action plan. Second, the results of analyzing the degree, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality of network connection are as follows. (1) The keywords 'instruction', 'instructional method', 'instructional design', and 'learning objective' in the area of learning, (2) the keywords 'instruction', 'importance', and 'necessity' in the area of feeling, and (3) 'instruction', 'plan', and 'semester' in the area of action plan showed high values in degree, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality. Based on the research results, implications for blended learning and professors' perception were discussed.