Earticle

An optimization method that provides quick response using artificial immune system is proposed and is applied to a mobile robot for trajectory tracking in this paper. The study focuses on the immune theory to derive a quick optimization method that puts emphasis on immunity feedback using memory cells by the expansion and suppression of the test group rather than to derive a specific mathematical model of the artificial immune system. Various trajectories were selected to evaluate the performance of the proposed artificial immune system. The global inputs to the mobile robot are reference position and reference velocity, which are time variables. The global output of mobile robot is a current position. The tracking controller makes position error to be converged to zero. In order to reduce position error, compensation velocities on the track of trajectory are necessary. Input variables of fuzzy are position errors in every sampling time. The output values of fuzzy are compensation velocities. Immune algorithm is implemented to adjust the scaling factor of fuzzy automatically. The results of the computer simulation proved the system to be efficient and effective for tracing the trajectory to the final destination by the mobile robot.

This paper investigates the factors affecting the brand extension of lifebuoy i.e. Brand equity, Brand loyalty, Brand image, customer innovativeness, Similarity fit, Brand association and Consumer behaviour. Quantitative approach was utilized in this paper. Data was collected from 150 students enrolled in graduate and post-graduate level programmes in Department of Management Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, through convenience sampling approach with the help of structured verified questionnaire. A series of statistical techniques i.e. Cronbach’s alpha, Multicollinearity, Correlation and Regression analysis were applied with the help of software SPSS. The results depicts that extensions into same categories to the original brand tends to be readily accepted. Brand equity and Brand loyalty increases after successful brand extension and are highly positive correlated with brand extension. It also showed the relationship between the brand image and brand extension. Customer innovativeness and consumer behaviour speeds up after successful brand extension. Results showed that Similarity fit have positive effect on brand extension, and also brand extension increases with brand association. Important guiding principle for future research would be to include large pool of respondents for in-depth analysis to understand the effect of culture also. It is suggested that companies should launch extensions with high similarity fit. Moreover, greater effort is required to extend low equity brands. Finally, companies need to know what the perception of consumers about their brands is, and how they evaluate it. It is noted that feedback effects of the same brand extensions can vary due to cultural differences between consumers.

With extreme competition caused by development of service industry, competition in the hotel industry is also in very uncertain business environment. It is a very important factor for hotel organizations to secure the core competence for survival by preoccupying the competitive advantage for the achievement of management performance and sustainable development. This study investigated the effect of shared leadership performed by superiors on the job satisfaction and superiors in hotel organizations. Leadership training and education for the cultivation of shared leadership is highly needed for the superiors of organizations. Hotel organizations should create leadership training programs on their own and implement proper system in order to practice it.

In this work, the review of phase noise in voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) which is very important system in all kinds of wireless communication system is presented. Such kinds of VCOs can be fabricated by hybrid method using PCB substrate or by semiconductor technology using silicon, GaAs, InP, complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), micro-electromechanical sytems (MEMS) and so on. Recently there are many kinds of design tools like ADS, AWAR etc. for RF system design. Especially, the phase noise is essential parameter to be considered during the design and simulation process. Optimization of such parameter is also important in simulation because phase noise cannot be totally eliminated but it can be reduced using different techniques. If phase noise is maximum in the signal, spectrum purity cannot be expected, eventually, the system will be failed to extract the real signal. That means, the performance of the overall system will not be degraded by improving the VCO phase noise performance

This study deals with Omni-Channel newly appeared in distribution market. Consumers go through a process of searching for and purchasing information about products using various distribution channels. With the development of ICT, there have been a lot of changes in the distribution market, and Omni-Channel is a distribution channel suitable for this flow and has a reciprocal function between consumers and sellers. The barrier that consumers face when using Omni-Channel is Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Omni-Channel should be equipped with the knowledge and use of smart phones and tablet PCs that act as links between channels. Omni-Channel is a transitional channel that new approaches and initiatives are being conducted. Future research on consumer lifestyle related to the use of Omni-Channel is needed.