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In this study, the climate was considered to be port competitiveness factors and a comparison analysis over the competitiveness depending on the climate conditions between northern Chinese ports and Busan port was performed. As for northern Chinese ports, the average days with ceased loading/ unloading due to climate conditions such as hurricanes was 33.9 days compared with 6.4 days of Busan port in 2011. The volume that could be subject to transshipment at Busan port following such delay days at northern Chinese ports were estimated to be 2,787,100. By bringing and transshiping that cargos, Busan will be able to generate additional cargo volume. In order to attract for transshipment such cargo volume due to weather conditions of northern Chinese ports, Busan port have to maintain and improve the port facilities, execute port development plans smoothly, promote competitive advantage factors(loading and unloading costs, marketing activity, the relative advantage in distance from the U.S. and Europe). In particular, it is important that Busan port should maintain competitiveness against the ports of Shanghai and Ningbo so as to carry out that transshipment activities. It is meaningful that this study estimates the potential cargo volume suitable for transshipment utilizing such competitive advantages in climate conditions and suggests the strategies to bring in the volume.

While the cruise industry has been identified as an ever increasingly important aspect of the wider tourism industry, this sector remains relatively under researched. A cruise can be defined as a journey on a large ship for pleasure, during passengers visit several places. A cruise ship is like a large floating holiday resort. On board passengers enjoy the luxury and comfort of a hotel and are able to choose all different activities. Most cruise ships are equipped with several restaurants, bars, casinos, swimming pools, Jacuzzi, spa, gym, shops, theater, cinema, etc. One clear preference in Asia is for shorter cruises of five days or less. This makes cruises offer distinct programs only for Asians, different from cruises in North Americans and Europeans who prefer 12 to 14 days or longer cruises. The global cruise industry could be divided into three different geographic segments: the North American cruise industry, the European cruise industry and the Asia-Pacific cruise industry. Although the European cruise industry is smaller, in terms of operating cruise lines, than the North American industry, the number of cruise passengers has been growing faster. According to the Cruise Line International Association (CLIA), average annual growth rate of cruise industry is over 8%. Furthermore, the number of cruise passengers was 15 million in 2008, which was ten times more than that in 1980s. Asian cruise market had predicted approximately 7 million passengers a year by 2020. There are two main purposes of this study; to summarize the concept of cruise and cruise industry, to identify and research current state of the cruise industry in Northeast Asia, especially focused on three countries: China, South Korea and Japan.

This paper aims at studying ways of conflict management and diverse controversial issues among Korean government departments comprehensively and systematically, in the middle of institutionalizing the ship-boarding permission the privately contracted armed security personnel(PCASP) which are recommended or guided by IMO(international maritime organization under UN). Governmental conflicts on PCASP law-making are largely six controversial issues: ① whether or not our government permits fundamentally what PCASP board in Korean ships, ② if yes, the jurisdiction problem on internation law between port state and flag state, ③ problem on the limitation and accountability of self-defense by the boarding PCASP, ④ certificate problems of PMSC(private maritime security company) providing PCASP, ⑤ whether or not using arms by PCASP on board is permitted as the unique exception of general arms regulation act, ⑥ whether or not PMSC is permitted as the unique exception of general security act. Conclusively, our government had better permit PCASP institutionalization exceptionally. Because that is the recent trend and effective piracy-defense way already chosen by global shipping companies as well as recommended by IMO. Of course, as-following conditions in our enactment need and must complete ; ① accident by PCASP on high sea beyond our sovereignty power, ② designating the high risk area of piracy specifically, ③ controlling arm use by PCASP and minimizing harms. Certification of PMSC must open globally and be desirable to enlarge the choice span by our shipping companies. Also, in order to implement PCASP and PMSC-policy effectively, it might be desirable to permit that as the exception of related general regulation acts.

This paper is to analyse the cause of income disparity between regions and between provinces in the western region of China since implementing the Great Development Strategy of Western China, employing relative labor productivity index and relative openness index etc. The results of this paper are as followings; First, the indices of relative labor productivity have great differences between regions and between provinces in the western region. In the east the indices were high and increasing, but in the west low and even decreasing. So the disparity between east and west was widen over the periods. Second, the Chinese provinces vary considerably in the degrees of relative trade openness. The relative openness indices were high and increasing in eastern region of China, whereas low and unchanging in western region.

□ Purpose This research addresses various issues on the construction strategies of an OSB (Offshore Supply Base), which is a kind of supply base to support various activities related to an offshore industry, the especially offshore resource development. - With the increase of the market of the offshore industry, a demand for service provided by OSB is expected to increase in Korea. - So far, there is in a situation the Korean government and academic sector is not particularly interested in constructing and operating an OSB. - While there are not enough foreign and domestic previous studies on the OSB, this research is expected to be a basic research and future researches need to be carried out. □ Methodologies - Case study for construction and operation of the OSB in Houston, Singapore and Korea - Demand analysis for an offshore industry related to the offshore resource development near Korea - Specialist interview survey □ Results ◦ We examined in detail the growth and development of Houston and Singapore under the background of the changes in its economic and social issues by reviewing research papers. - Based on the investigation, we carried out case studies for construction and operation of the OSB in two regions as the leading regions for the related industry - Whether certain nation or region has rich reserves of energy resources is not always a prerequisite for OSB industry to prosper. - If there exists well-prepared finance and logistics infrastructure for foreign investors to operate their company effectively, that is a sufficient condition for OSB industry to start and prosper. . As a result of the study “berth facilities including loading/unloading” was drawn out to be the most important factor followed by “ship/plant repair facility”, “storage facility”, “workshop” and “connectivity in the global transport network”. - Due to the unique characteristics of OSB industry, cost related factors were the lowest priorities. . To support various offshore activities, the construction and operation of OSB is necessary. This research would be expected to be a fundamental study.