Earticle

In this paper, a multisensor distributed information fusion state estimator for discrete time stochastic linear systems with random sensor errors is presented. Based on state-space model, the white noise estimator and the observation predictor are applied in this algorithm. Modern time series analysis method and Gevers-Wouters(G-W) algorithm are also used in this paper. The algorithm can deal with the filtering, smoothing and prediction problems via a unified method. In order to improve the estimation accuracy, the multisensor distributed information fusion method is adopted, which calculates the weighting parameters with the forms of matrix, diagonal matrices and scalars respectively, in the sense of linear minimum variance. Among those three kinds of fusion methods, the method weighted by matrix has the highest accuracy but more computation, while the one weighted by scalar has the lowest accuracy but less computation. A simulation example for a typical tracking system with 3-sensor shows the correctness, validity and no obvious difference among three kinds of the fusion algorithms.

The physical education curriculum is always outdoor and the exam is not in written form. However, there is few evaluation system can evaluate the P.E. teaching effect. Thereby, we try to establish an evaluation system to evaluate the college physical education curriculum comprehensively. As we all know, the assessment of college physical education curriculum is a multi-attribute assessment problem. The traditional TOPSIS method is only to evaluate the problem whose attributes belong to precise type. But, we also meet the situation that the attribute value is interval value. In this paper, we propose an improved TOPSIS method (Grey-TOPSIS) to solve above problem. This method can evaluate the problem whose attributes belong to interval type. Then, we apply this method to establish the college physical education curriculum evaluation system. The numerical analysis shows that this method can solve the problem whose attributes belong to precise type effectively and feasibly. And the college P.E. evaluation system can evaluate the teaching effect accurately.

In this paper, I reviewed comprehensively the structure and operation of closed-loop IFOGs, Feedback Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EFDA) FOGs, called FE-FOG. The procedure of finding the Sagnac shift for closed-loop IFOG has been studied. The signal processing in the closed-loop IFOG was simulated using PSCAD software. In the closed-loop IFOG, the phase shift was derived through frequent use of Sagnac loop. The output signal is injected in the input again as feedback. The shift phase between clockwise and counterclockwise waves in each complete route, including primary and feedback route, is identified as Sagnac shift phase. According to Sagnac shift phase we could determine angular rotation rate.

Constrained k nearest neighbor query for uncertain object in the network is to find k uncertain objects which are the k nearest neighbors with range constraint of the query object in the network. For solving this problem, the uncertain object is modeled as the fuzzy object and the network α-distance between fuzzy objects in the network is defined. Base on them, the concept of constrained k nearest neighbor query for fuzzy object in the network is put forward, and according to the query sequence two query algorithms are proposed. One is by using minimum and maximum α-distance between fuzzy object and range constraint to reduce the search area. The other is by using that Euclidean distance can be computed easily and it is the lower bound of the network distance to decline the complexity. Experimental results show that two algorithms have different performance in different condition.

At winter the problem that how to efficiently clear solid ice and snow, which always plagues the staff .The interfacial materials—solid snow-ice— cause the major operational problem related to snow removed performance. The central issue is how to evaluate the yield characteristics when the solid snow-ice was broken and fracture failure. Measurement system of freezing adhesive yield characteristics was established and solid snow-ice freezing adhesive yield characteristics were tested. From the experiment process that simulating snow-ice repeatedly compacted by vehicles on practical road, the total strain ε of solid snow-ice under the effect of cyclic load is the sum of pure elastic strain εe, delayed elastic strain εd and permanent strain εv. The total strain ε was measured by the DH3818 strain gages, according to the strain curve, the strain showed as fluctuated change along with the load applied, the strain value changed as a process of increase-decrease-increase. The rotating orthogonal test was conducted by using the average of single group strain as objective function, thickness of snow layer, snow-ice density and snow-ice firmness are as influencing factors. Through the test result, the major and minor relation of three factors are thickness of snow layer>snow-ice density>snow-ice firmness, and the thickness of snow layer has the interaction with density and firmness. From the analysis, the optimal average strain is 0.128 to 0.14 which can be got by the fellow parameter combination: the range of snow density is 500kg/m3-518kg/m3, the range of thickness of snow layer is 6.9mm-7.5mm, the range of snow firmness is 1826Pa-2040Pa. Through the study, the constitutive model of solid snow-ice can be established, meanwhile, the certain theoretical basis for efficient solid snow-ice clearing has been provided.

The main object of this paper to create controller, which would be work efficiently in the second region II of the operation, also named the partial loading region, of a wind turbine, the wind speed is not high enough to produce the maximum designing power. In a variable speed wind turbine, one of the main objectives of active control is to maximize the power capture in the second region of operation. Power given by a wind turbine based on many variables which will be written out in more detailed at the future. Only the power coefficient, which further bases on tip speed ratio (TSR), is the variable else that can be convolute to maximize the power capture. Since changing the blade pitch from it minimum optimal position will eliminate the lift in the blade thereby reducing the power capture, for this reason the blade pitch is kept constant at the optimal position. The (TSR) is convoluted by controlling the generator torque which ultimately maximizes the power coefficient and then it will be given more power capture.

The internet revolution and advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have dramatically changed how citizens and business interact with their government. Almost all the government website supply the local tourism information since the tourism is becoming increasingly important for local economic development. This paper is an attempt to compare the current development of the e-government in terms of improving the local tourism industry between the eastern and western medium-sized cities in China.

In this paper, we were interested on the adherence influence on the dynamic behavior of the vehicle. With this intention, we based ourselves on a articulated nominal dynamic model of a ground vehicle as well as the contact tire-road.

In this study, aiming at the influences brought by multiple factors in implementation process, the factors that lead to successful e-commerce are analyzed, and an information content measurement model of implementation factors in e-commerce based on information axiom is put forward. This model firstly analyzes the factors that influence the implementation process in e-commerce, and proposes the factors of successful implementation based upon independence of information. Then by building different information content measurement models, the overall information content of the implementation process in e-commence could be obtained. Via the information content, the judgment whether an e-commence is successful can be realized. Finally, the validity of the model is verified via application example.

Ear is a new class of relatively stable biometrics which is not affected by facial expressions, cosmetics, eye glasses and aging effects. Ear detection is the first step of an ear recognition system, to use ear biometrics for human identification. In this paper, an oval shape detection based approach is presented for ear detection from 2D profile face images. The correctness of the detected ear is verified using support vector machine tool. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of the presented method.

In terms of damping low frequency oscillation, power system stabilizer(PSS) plays a very key role. However, in terms of PSS capability exploitation, it is quite important to select the suitable parameters assignment. Different from traditional optimization algorithms with eigenvalue analysis based and with system damping ratio as the aim function, in this paper a new PSS parameters method based on the Polymorphic Bacterial Chemotaxis(PBC) algorithm is presented for PSS parameters optimization. According to the time multiplied absolute error integral criterion (ITAE criteria), this paper chooses the ability of tracking a given value with minimum error of system output as the objective function. Thus the whole process of the disturbed system is considered. Finally, Eigenvalue analysis and nonlinear time-domain simulation are conducted to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

Many of papers refers to study of application for Flexible Alternative Current transmission Systems (FACTS). Especially for using reactive compensators for 500kV power system in order to increase the static voltage stability margin and transient stability enhancement have considered. This paper presents a simulation model of the Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) is developed to study its dynamic characteristics. The developed STATCOM is connected at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) of the Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbine system connected to the weak distribution grid for steady state and dynamic voltage regulation purpose. The purpose of this paper is to solve the above problems in order to suggest a solution of the appropriate shunt compensator for a reality 500KV power system. Simulation results have shown that STATCOM helps to keep the steady state terminal voltage of the DFIG system to its rated voltage during the entire operation region of the DFIG. STATCOM maintains the fast voltage regulation (or voltage restoration) at the PCC during step change in reactive load causing voltage swelling or sagging. STATCOM does this by dynamically exchanging the reactive power with the power grid. The results of this work are of certain practical significance and applicable value.

An analytical technique, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM), is applied to solve periodic solutions for superharmonic resonances of nonlinear oscillations with parametric excitation. Unlike perturbation methods, HAM does not depend on any small physical parameters at all. Thus, it is valid for both weakly and strongly nonlinear problems. Besides, different from all other analytic techniques, the HAM provides us a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of the series solution by means of an auxiliary parameter h. In this paper, periodic analytic approximations for superharmonic resonances of nonlinear oscillations with parametric excitation are obtained by using the HAM, which agree well with numerical results. This article shows that the HAM is a powerful and effective technique for nonlinear dynamical systems.

Next-generation wireless networks are the promising network to provide Always Best connected network. Mobility management is the primary issue in next generation networks. Mobility management comprises of location and handoff management. When mobile user roams in the next generation networks vertical handoff is the main issue. Vertical handoff decision process can be handled by many researchers in the recent years. Vertical handoff process can split in to three phases such as handoff initiation, handoff decision and handoff execution. Initially vertical handoff initiation and decision are taken with respect to the received signal strength (RSS). Many such algorithm experiences the probability of unnecessary handover and handoff failure. In this paper we proposed fuzzy normalized Handoff initiation algorithm (FUN_HoI) module which considers the combination of different input criteria along with RSS to initiate handoff in time to reduce unnecessary handover and handoff failure probability. The special function of FUN_HoI is to take fuzzy normalization of all input criteria after fed in to the Fuzzy inference system (FIS). An importance of fuzzy normalization is to filter unsuitable candidate networks and thus improves the efficiency of an algorithm. The proposed method is compared with the existing algorithm such as RSS based and Bandwidth based algorithm. The comparative study reveals that the proposed method consumes less delay, reduced handover probability and unnecessary handoff.

In consideration of the increasingly higher demand for color detection in the modern industry and agriculture, this paper presents and implements one kind of color analyzer based on TCS3200 color sensor and microcontroller AT89C52, which can read directly the color information and achieve the intelligent control. The color analyzer consists of the lighting module, the color recognition module, the data processing module and the display module. The intelligent color analyzers having the advantages of high performance, low cost, easy operation and maintenance, small size and good development can meet the requirements of practical application.

Database system is mainly created for superhard cutting. In the paper, the processing time is considered as the objective function based on the issue needs, the establishing of the mathematical model of the cutting database system mainly takes cutting force, power tools, precision machining and tool life as constraints. And the database develops through the development software VS2008 and SQL Server 2008 database management system, using an interactive particle swarm optimization to optimize machine tool and cutting parameters, basing on fuzzy matter-element analysis method establishes the evaluation module of tool cutting of the PCBN tool turning hardened steel, and the paper gives evaluation methods.

Approximation methods are best way to deal NP optimization problems and MVC is one of these. In this research paper we have presented a new extra fast approximation algorithm for solving MVC generally in all graphs. The proposed algorithm is named degree contribution algorithm (DCA), a new data structure proposed and employed in this algorithm, name degree contribution. It is first time in literature that such a sophisticated data structure for graphs is proposed which take account of whole graph for each node contribution value. All decisions regarding vertices are made on the basis of the proposed data structure. Effectiveness of DCA is shown by applying it to best available benchmarks and after large number of experiments worst approximation ratio recorded was 1.041 and an average approximation ratio was 1.005. These results show that algorithm can perform well in solving graphs faster as compared to other algorithms present.

The application of Static Random-Access Memory (SRAM), becomes more and more widely in aviation. However, the large amount of SRAM cells is very vulnerable to radiation included single-event upset (SEU). Based on the detection requirement of SRAM’s SEU, the detected circuit of the SEU on SRAM is designed. Then the method of redundancy check is used in the reinforcement of the SEU. The test results shows that the detection circuit can detect the SRAM-type storage chip sensitive bit of the single particle and the proposed method can improved the performance of anti-single particles of SRAM several times as high as 1E6.

In Jøsang's subjective logic, the consensus operator will have unreasonable results when the evidence with high conflict; the base rate (a) and non-informative prior weight (C) could not change dynamically. This paper proposed a dynamic subjective logic model that expand and rich the theory of Jøsang's subjective logic. Through the establishment of a cartesian coordinate system and using line / curve fitting algorithm to outline the dynamic track of the opinion, it can more intuitively observe the change and development tendency of the opinions in different observation periods. At the same time, according to different application environment, the dynamic function of the base rate (a) and non-informative prior weight (C) were given. The subjective logic was extended to five tuples and the consensus operator was improved. The new consensus operator not only met the commutative and associative but also was consistent with cognitive rules of the people. A strict mathematical proof was given. Finally, through the simulation experiments, the results show that the subjective logic improved more reasonable and effective. It could be better adapted to the changing environment.

This paper shows the effects of traders evaluation based computational mechanism design in electronic commerce. The proposes a new user evaluation methods based on multi-criteria based rating system. In the existing trading systems, most of them have user evaluation to help buyers/sellers decision making to trade. However, a user can never know where the potential trading partners did trade successfully based on his/her evaluation criteria. And also, some traders show the information, which are advantage on their trade on the e-commerce website. In some cases, sellers lose a chance to sell the item because of lack of their and their items information. Contrary, buyers sometimes cannot make a decision to choose trading partner because of poor webpage structure even though the seller is truthful trader. To solve these problems, we propose a new evaluation system based on multi- criteria evaluation and sellers trading history. We show 6 experiment results using our proposed mechanism the rest of paper.

In the scope of wireless network, traditional TCP congestion control mechanism exhibits low bandwidth utilization and poor reliability, so a congestion control protocol adaptable to the characteristics of wireless network is worthy of investigation. An intelligent gateway model with network boundary access control features has been established based on the analysis of TCP protocol. To optimize this model, loss differentiation mechanism was added and additive increasemechanism has been improved, and finally NS-2 emulation was performed with an optimized TCP Westwood algorithm (TCPW-I). It is demonstrated that TCPW-I can distinguish packet loss causes and postpone the occurrence of TCP congestion to effectively improve the throughput of TCP in wireless network circumstances, maintaining satisfying TCP friendliness and fairness of its own.

The contrast of an image is a feature which determines how image looks better visually. In this paper, we are analysing the capability of activation functions for contrast enhancement. Activation functions are classically used in neural network. In this paper, Activation function creates a mask which is operated on the image on pixel by pixel basis. On the basis of activation function the pixel value of image is changed which improves the contrast of image. We have used various activation functions such as sigmoid function, bipolar sigmoid function, RAMP function, hyperbolic tangent function. Contrast enhancement using these activation functions has been successfully applied on several dark and bright images. For performance assessment we have used Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), absolute mean brightness error (AMBE), and Structure Similarity Index (SSIM). From experimental result, it is observed that RAMP function and hyperbolic tangent function have better image enhancement capability.

For the issue of engagement geometry, the modern guidance laws can attack the adversarial and high maneuvering targets. Robust geometric in modern guidance laws is based on the classical differential geometry curve theory and Lyapunov stability theory. For the maneuvering target, based on different geometry and Lyapunov stability theory, the ballistic of robust geometry method guidance law in pursuit of different of maneuvering targets are analyzed. Through simulation of proportional navigation law and robust geometric method in the pursuit of the same target with different emission angles, ballistic properties of the two guidance laws are analyzed. Comparing the simulation results of the two kings of guidance laws, advantages of the robust geometric guidance law are demonstrated as follows: no additional measurement information, easy to perform and different geometry, and the effectiveness of the guidance law for the line of sight rotation inhibition. Simulation results prove that trajectory of robust geometry is straighter, and distribution of required normal overload is reasonable. Robust geometry is a more precision and critical navigation law.

Voice over IP (VOIP) network, also known as Internet telephony, is growing increasingly having occupied a large part of the communications market. With the growth of each technology, the related security issues become of particular importance. Taking advantage of this technology in different environments with numerous features put at our disposal, there arises an increasing need to address the security threats. Being IP-based and playing a signaling role in VOIP networks, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) lets the invaders use weaknesses of the protocol to disable VOIP service. One of the most important threats is denial of service attack, a branch of which in this article we have discussed as flooding attacks. These attacks make server resources wasted and deprive it from delivering service to authorized users. Distributed denial of service attacks and attacks with a low rate can mislead many attack detection mechanisms. In this paper, we introduce a mechanism which not only detects distributed denial of service attacks and low rate attacks, but can also identify the attackers accurately. We detect and prevent flooding attacks in SIP protocol using Shannon (FDP-S), Renyi (FDP-R) and Tsallis (FDP-T) entropy. We conducted an experiment to compare the percentage of detection and rate of false alarm messages using any of the Shannon, Renyi and Tsallis entropy as a measure of disorder . Implementation results show that, according to the parametric nature of the Renyi and Tsallis entropy, by changing the parameters, different detection percentages and false alarm rates will be gained with the possibility to adjust the sensitivity of the detection mechanism.

Taking the negative word-of-mouth as the content of the study, this paper constructed the evolution model of negative word-of-mouth on the basis of the theory and methodology of Fuzzy Cellular Automata. Simulating experiments is preceded by MATLAB software, and concluded that: The negative publicity causes a surge in the number of negative word-of-mouth initially. If the relevant units or enterprises make a positive response at once, negative word-of-mouth discussion volume will rapid decline and continue to fall; if there is no response, the negative word-of-mouth on volume will keep rising.

By means of information technology to build digital city management system can improve the level and efficiency of city management as well as the management quality of government public service. In this paper, the general structure of city management system and its subsystems have been analyzed, and then discussed the construction of the service call center of digital city management system and the basic construction principles of call center, analyzed the systematical topology framework and the function of the digital city management service call center, discusses how to design the data interface between the related subsystem of digital city management system, it will ensure the expedite transfer between the related subsystem, and offer the timely and exact data for city managers, that will be benefit to advance decision-making and quick response of emergency for city managers and will be provide certain lessons for the digital city management.

Cognitive radio is an intelligent wireless technology that increases the spectrum efficiency for its usage. CR enriches wireless technology by utilizing the spectrum holes in order to provide high order quality service to users and to minimize the interference that occurs in the network. In the proposed work, two Spectrum Sensing techniques for Cognitive radio network are used which include Cyclostationary detection and Energy detection techniques. The detection of Cyclostationary signal is not a new term but there is a lot of work to be done in this field. In this paper, the parameter used for Cyclostationary signal is Spectral Correlation function. The detection capability of SCF with different windows is used to check the periodicity of the signal using different windows. Due to the periodicity of the baseband signal, SCF would be able to detect the primary user signal at very low SNR. We also analyze in our work that capability of periodicity of the signal of SCF is not only limited to noise affected signal, perhaps it is also able to detect the attenuated signal. We also simulated Energy detector over MIMO fading channel as it models both Rician fading channel and Rayleigh fading channel. The performance is analyzed in terms of Bit error rate by providing low probability of false alarm and high probability of detection. The Statistical test based comparison is made between the two sensing techniques to evaluate the performance in terms of signal to noise ratio. An extensive set of simulations have been conducted in MATLAB in the proposed work.

The workflow model is used widely in modern society office, production and manufacturing fields in computer environment. It plays a more and more important role in the office circumstance, industrial and manufacturing domain with the development of computer automation in modern business. Workflow management system is a tool. It is also a platform to develop and implement the workflow. But heterogeneities under distributed network environments hamper the coordination among the tasks in a workflow management system. We propose a new workflow management system based on CORBA and mobile-Agent to solve these problems. And we make the detailed analysis of this system. Firstly, this paper introduces the research background and research status. The second part is the related concepts of workflow management system, CORBA and agent technology under a distributed environment. The third part is the new workflow management system. The last part is the conclusion.

To avoid the problems of high complexity and low flexibility in Java based application Model–view–controller (MVC) framework is introduced to divide the whole application into model, view and controller, which can improve the software’s reusability and flexibility. Java is one of the leading software development languages. However, the development model of existing Java organizes without a structure, which mixes the code of data access, the processing of business logic and graphical user interface (GUI) layer together. As a result, it creates many problems for software developers, meanwhile; it could not meet the rapid development of application software any more. In this paper, we design and implement a Java MVC framework for developing desktop based application which can separate the data, view and control of the software.