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The purpose of this study was to show that the architectural photograph plays a role as a architectural criticism. the architectural photograph provided 'the new architectural sense of sight' as a diversity of a view point that can't see with the naked eye. the architectural photograph present what language can't present with created image. It is a process that search for 'new architectural sense of sight' through a new cognition method to be based on 'Niche's Dionysian reason'. Therefore the architectural photograph was a architectural criticism with process to interpret architecture as new and creative sense of sight.

Spatial compositional characteristics appeared on museum architectures by Chang Sea-Young can be classified into three parts. The spatial composition by movement makes it a limited space of architecture, and the movement of people occurred around this space using ramps and stairs. It does not function for moving, but is used to recognize the change of space through movement of people. The spatial composition by the central space appeared as a different shape depending on building type and surroundings, he and is shaped as a courtyard and an a atrium in museum architecture by Chang Sea-Young. The spatial composition by definite boundary sets clear edge instead of diffusing it regarding the relationship between nature and architecture, and attempts co-existing naturalism architecture by inserting natural elements like a courtyard, or an atrium.

Today the formless form in architecture has been revealed. Although it has contradictory characteristics, the formlessness is considered as a way to the new architectural form. But such an attempt has been stranded with inappropriateness. The formlessness has been regarded as a new method that frees the architectural form from the traditional restraint. But it easily leads the from to the non-architectural one inasmuch as the formlessness also frees the architectural form from the ground of the architecture. Accordingly it is needed reflecting upon the meaning of formlessness and of the formless form. In this context, this paper explorer the meaning of formlessness and present a practical way to the implementation of the formless form through the comparison of Greg Lynn’s with Bernard Cache’s concept.

This paper aims to clarify the establishment process and housing spatial form of Japanese migrant fishing village in the area Misu-dong, Tongyoung during the colonial period of Korea. Hiroshima migrant fishing village was established in order to attain fishing ground magnification with support of national policy. The Establishment was mainly accomplished during 1919-1930. the After 1945 Liberation of Korea, it was transfigured by a returnee and Korean fishermen.. The units of this village is Nagaya type. The structure of Nagaya becomes rectangle shape containable 4-7 units. Unit is composed of 2-tatami room and 1-kitchen.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Michelangelo's architectural characteristics and architectural languages which had been influenced by the architecture of Renaissance. It also has correlation between his favorite architectural Languages and ancient Rome architecture. Finally I want to explain his architectural diversity and importance which Mannerism and Baroque through new attempts in this report. First of all, I analyze the situations of the Renaissance times and architectural characteristics, then grasp the exact architectural situations in Michelangelo's times as well as make a guess how his architectural works got influence from his early works which were paintings and sculptures.

The purposes of this study are to verify the characteristics of the tribute granary castle in cape Gongse which was built in order to protect granary. For these purpose, I reviewed the old ancient documents, maps and also field investigations. The outcomes from this study are as follow : Firstly, the basic design of the castle was curved- and gourd-shaped design composed of two round shapes. Secondly, the tribute granary castle in cape Gongse is very specific heritage related to marine transportation, but the characteristics of castle for tribute granary is not different from other castle. Thirdly, there were specific building heritages for tribute granary such as granaries of 80 kans, Bongsang-cheong(which was for the management of the granaries) and Joseon-sobakcheo(which was for the management of the ships).

This study is on the location and the architectural feature of the City Hall Building in 1936. 釜山府issued bonds to finance the construction of this building with 134,000 won and it was supported with the national expenditure of 66,000 won by 朝鮮總督府. The City Hall Building was designed by 笹慶一and constructed by 千歲定吉. Its location was reflected in the extension of the city, Pusan and its facade as the architectural feature well expressed the modernist trends.

Bay during the period of Japanese Occupation. After the Russo-Japanese Wars, the wide-scale expropriations of land for the military arose to secure strategic military lands. Therefore, this study is explaining about the expropriations for the military in 'Gadeok Island' through official historical documents describing the background to select military reservations, the land expropriation for the military, and the expulsion of Koreans on the list of "villagery graded(民家等級)".

Building. The design characters are found on walls, joints, and doors. Walls were confirmed to be mainly brick masonry, and joints were beaded joint using lime mortar. The walls added by expansion also used cement mortar. Close survey and field measurement revealed that different processing methods and sizes of stone were used for different building components. Stone quarry place and process period will be treated in the later study based on case-studies of similar buildings and literature research.

This study is to investigate the supply system of timber for the government managed buildings under Japan’s colonial rule of Korea. The results are as follows; First, Yonglimchang(營林廠) was the organization which took charge of timber supply for the government managed buildings at that time. The wood that had been cut down by Yonglimchang(營林廠) was lumbered in Sinuiju(新義州) sawmill as the government managed sawmill and then, it was supplied for the government managed construction. Second, the timber from Sinuiju(新義州) sawmill was standardized. Besides, Yonglimchang(營林廠) lumbered the timber which needed the particular size and length in according to the individual construction. This was to minimize the waste of timber and heighten construction productivity.

The key ideas of the renovation design that is proposed through the study are as follows; The office space can be transformed into exhibition space. The court and street are integrated by erasing the site boundary. More service space is designed and the interior and exterior of the building are interrelated. And steel columns are added for the change of interior spatial organization.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the site planning of Modern Han-Ok, Geo-Chang Kyeong-Duk-Jae. This research was introduced and to accomplish the site planning of the buildings which is remaining in the center with the house picture which is come it came. Dividing the living quarter of the man and the woman inside the residence was feeble. And also dividing the entrance and exit traffic line of the man and the woman was feeble. Like this point same time residential transition is different feature. It divides the external space of the residence in house territory and garden territory the fact that it composes feature.

This study aims to analyze the government office architecture style at Dong-nae-bu. The plan form, elevation form, decorative form and roof form of those kinds of the architecture have been made a survey. The results of the survey show the architectural characteristics for the restoration to the original state of the government office buildings. For example, planing scale, measure length, foundation style, structure , roof form, Ik-gong style, window and door style, etc.

This study demonstrates that Dongrae Eupsung, the provincial castle built during the late years of Korea's Yi Dynasty was based on those new concepts and systems of the new age. The study shows that the designers of this castle had in mind efficient construction design and effective defense systems against cannon attack. The castle walls come to be thicker and reinforced with the soil. The castle became armed with more effective facilities, such as projected walls(雉城) and hollow batteries(砲樓). They were more plentifully equipped than Hwasung(華城) of late 18th century and standards of Chi-hsiao-hsin-shu(紀效新書).

This study focuses on Japanese Architectural Technicians who had joined repair Of Dongwan-Samdaechung in 1727. Dongwan-Samdaechung was located in Choryang-Weagwan which was the largest Japanese House left in Busan through Chosun Dynasty. It was known to have been jointly constructed by Korean and Japanese carpenters. Therefore, Weagwan was a place for exchange of architectural tradition between Korea and Japan. Judging from this point of view, It is certain that mutual influences helped to shape architecture of Choryang-Weagwan. At the start of construction, Weagwan was built partly in Japanese-style by the carpenters from Tokugawa Shogunate. But as time passed, the participation rate of Japanese carpenters diminished gradually. After 1831, Japanese technician vanished extremely and repairing construction was continued by the Korean.

The purpose of this study is to expose the building methods of castle architecture as the representative Koguryo's stone architecture and it is possible to take a well preserved stone architecture of the old Koguryo period and study the building methods of the stone architecture based on the through study of the-stone building-which remains until present time. As a result, the Baeckam castle has been throughly studied and a aspects of the comprehensive techniques in the castle building techniques have been clarified. The purpose of the 2/3 tilt and the designing a slow tilt at the 1/3 point from the base of the castle wall is to secure the structural stability from the point of the castle builder.

Chang Sea Young led SPACE Group since Kim Swoo Geun passed away in 1986. Kim Swoo Geun is recognized as greatest architect in Korea and founded SPACE Group. But in 1996, Chang Sea Young passed away as 50 years old too. Chang Sea Young's major works in 10 years is large museums, "Daegu National Musum"(1994), "Kyonggi Provicial Museum"(1996), "Kimhae National Museum"(1998). The purpose of this study is analysis about his a museum design. The results are as follows. 1. Center of a space 2. Harmony of a circle and a square 3. Form by a function 4. Hierarchy of a space

The purpose of this study is about 'Hyang-Gyo', a local school system in Chosu era is a typical architecture to reflect Confusian ideas, and is known to apply strict hierarchial order in its composition and arrangement. Hyang-Gyo Architecture sets its importance on the composition of outdoor space and the arrangement of buildings based on the relationship with its surrounding and nature. As well as these architectural orders are appeared on the arrangement of buildings, these also emerged on the design characteristics of each building. Thus, this research is a basic study to observe the hierarchial order of Hyang-Gyo Architecture. It focuses on speculation of hierarchial design characteristics appeared on Moon-Myo and Gang-Hak Architecural Space by analysing about 30 Hang-Gyos located in Kyung-Nam province.

Poongkyung-Palace(豐慶宮) was the royal palace of Daehan Empire(大韓帝國) which had been constructed at Pyongyang(平壤) from 1902 to 1903. But Poongkyung-Palace is not known to the field of the history of Korean architecture. So, the purpose of this study is to demonstrate the proceeding of construction of the palace by reviewing historical records and documentary literatures. The results of this study are as follows. First, the authorities concerned built Poongkyung-Palace as the royal palace at Pyong-yang to construct two-capital-system(Seoul-Pyongyang) and represent the political and military ideology under instructions from Emperor Gojong(高宗). Second, in spite of the insufficience of fund, material, and manpower etc., the efficient construction organization and the innovation of material conveyance that used railroads was shown at process of the construction. This is regarded as the relevant example that shows the actual state of the last traditional construction managed by the government in early 1900’s. Third, the function and the architectural characteristics of Poongkyung-Palace had changed throughout Russo-Japanese Wars and Japan’s colonial rule of Korea.

The dissertation which it sees is regarding the change of the construction quality against the Lu which is a representative playing and educating space of Confucian Architecture. It investigated the Lu which is erected from the Seowon and the Hyangkyo of the Kyongsang-Namdo area and the Kyongsang-Bukdo area in the center. It shared the Lu which is erected from the Seowon and the Hyangkyo with time and the area and the social cognitive factor it investigates a same result it got. In the first, by a time important matter the size came to be small as time goes by with the offspring, form of the roof also from Majbae roof with Paljak roof it changed. In the second, in regional the Kyongsang-Bukdo and the Kyongsang-Namdo the Lu becomes erecting in same time and aggressive war after of Japan(in 1592) and China(in 1636) in Kyongsang-Namdo area comparison it has the type which has become the fixed the construction became accomplished in late time.

After researching 40 rural areas named 'valley' in Goesan County, Chungbuk Province, they are classified by 2 two classes. Firstly, villages located on the crossways valley are 22 of 40, they are located on the valley which is at right angles with a direction of light of a mountain range. A closed valley location is placed in the deep valley against a background mountain range. It is divided with closed large valley and small valley. Secondly, an open valley location style is 14 of 40. It means the villages are paralleled with a direction of mountain and located with same direction of entrance.

The final purpose of this study is to research the preservation and practical use of modern house. Researching one of the modern architectural properties, missionary Switzer's house, which is converted into museum, several characteristics of exhibition plan are as follow; Firstly, the circulation of exhibition is continuously connected with suitable arrangement of each room. Secondly, it is possible to put masterpieces on one-sided display in a gallery because of a limited small space. Thirdly, the natural lighting systems with stained glass is to control the intensity of radiation and rarefy the reflected image on the showcase.

Recently, Effective Width Beam Method has widely been researched in analysis method of Flat-Plate Slab System which is by the action of lateral load. Effective Width Beam Method is also useful especially in a general-purpose program, so it is being used widely. Actually, Effective Width Beam Method is mainly focused on lateral displacement which can happen in a plane that has a same span when lateral load is given and column-slab connection unbalance Moment, but studies about a plane which is a irregular span has not been studied enough. So we found that in condition of Flat-Plate Slab system which has irregular span plane when lateral load is given, output of lateral displacement is not much related with span, but column-Slab connection unbalance moment is influenced much by span after comparing the output of Column-Slab Connection Unbalance Moment and lateral displacement which are applied to Effective Width Beam Method with the Finite Element Method which has the exact output in Flat-Plate Slab system.

In this study, the optimum design is performed with the restrained condition such as the size and number of bolt, the thickness of plate, the length of beam member about beam-to-column connections with T-stub in steel structures. After optimum design is executed, values of minimum objective function are as follow : Total cost of T-stub Connection are decreased than ordinary connection design. Thus we got to have a conclusion that this program is efficiency enough.

The planning process of complex projects in tall building is characterized by the cooperation of many involved specialists and by a high degree of information exchange. In order to improve the quality of the structural design of tall buildings, information of different involved partners in the planning process has to be integrated. This paper aims to introduce web-based engineering database for column shortening of tall building. In this study, the interface of integrated frame system is proposed by using the entities for column shortening of tall buildings.

When there is a composite effect by concrete slab, in positive bending moment, it moves to a concrete slab side compared with the case where a composite effect does not have a neutral axis position. Consequently, when there is a composite effect, in positive bending moment, there are elastic rigidity, a rise of strength, and a restraint of horizontal buckling and upper flange local buckling. On the other hand, as for the bottom flange of a steel frame, the big degree of stress compared with an upper flange. Furthermore, to the same growth ability steel material, it bends to the lower flange fracture of a composite girder, and growth ability becomes small compared with a pure steel frame beam.

on the development RCS system is consisted of reinforced concrete column and steel beam is progressing actively. But the investigation of considered the effectiveness of transverse beam is rare. Five beam-column joints specimen with variables such as no transverse beam, thickness of web and flange, and section size of reinforced concrete column was simulated using ABAQUS. From the simulation results, this paper indicates that using transverse beams are effective to enhance the shear strength and structural performance of beam-column joints and effectiveness of variables.

The purpose of this study is to analyze plates with Composite materials. so as to achieve this aim, in this study, homogenization method is adopted and supplement calculation program(H-Gen) is coded to easy access this method's results. Using the result, finite element analysis for plate's eigenvalues is performed and then it is compared to full 3d analysis. The results of this study are as follows; homogenization method is good choice to modelling composite material's properties and developed program is useful of analysing plates with composite materials. but the result has restriction because mixing process of composite materials is various. so succeeding study on this point of view is demanded.

Among various styles of the mixed building structures in domestic construction field, the mixed building structures of upper wall-lower frame system are composed of upper shear walls, lower beam-column frames and transfer girder connecting both structures. This mixed building structure usually shows irregularity of stiffness, weight and geometrics. Regarding the mixed building structures of upper wall-lower frame system, four models with different sizes of transfer girder were chosen to investigate the response characteristics of pushover analysis of structures.

A Control of the vibrations induced from the earthquake can be accomplished for the multiple story buildings using various optimal control methods. Linear Quadratic(LQ) control method may be feasible provided all state variables of the system can be measured, which is not always possible and practical. However, it has attractive features of infinite gain margin and phase margin greater than 60 degrees. The gain margin and phase margin indicate how robustly stable the closed loop system behaves with uncertainties such as system noise and modeling errors. State feedback control system can be implemented with the only measurable states if constructed in Linear Quadratic Gaussian(LQG) algorithm. It requires an observer to estimate the state variables based on the measured one, but loses the entire gain margin due to the Kalman filter adapted in the algorithm. The H-infinity control may overcome the shortcomings of the LQG with emphasized robustness features against the uncertainties, but it usually ends up with very complicated control system to implement. LQG with loop transfer recovery (LQG/LTR) method is applied in this study to retain the moderate level of stability robustness while keeping the observer alive. The results showed that the LQG/LTR control reduced the relative displacement in the base isolated floor as effectively as the LQG control with moderate level of the gain margin recovered.