Earticle

본 연구는 최근 국내 영상 스튜디오를 중심으로 시범 영상이 제작되고 있는 버추얼 프로덕션 기반 영상 콘텐츠의 동향을 살펴보려는 시도이다. 버추얼 프로덕션이란 게임엔진, 가상 카메라 시스템, 모션 캡처, LED 월 등의 기술을 병렬적으로 연결하여 실사 이미지와 가상 이미지를 실시간으 로 합성하는 것을 가리킨다. 버추얼 프로덕션은 다양한 분야의 전문가들 이 세트 내에서 촬영이 이루어지는 동안 가상의 환경이 실사 푸티지와 합 성되는 과정을 실시간으로 지켜보면서 서로 의견을 나눌 수 있다는 점에 서 즉각적, 반복적, 순환적, 창의적인 작업을 보장한다. 현재 국내에서는 비브스튜디오스, 자이언트스텝, 브이에이코퍼레이션, 덱스터스튜디오 등이 버추얼 프로덕션을 시도하고 있다. 이 스튜디오들에서 시범적으로 제작한 영상은 크게 환영적인 이미지를 통해 관객의 몰입감을 유도하는 것과 라 이브니스를 통해 생산자와 소비자의 상호작용성을 유도하는 것으로 구분 할 수 있다. 전자의 경우 광고, 댄스필름, 영화 등과 같이 환영적인 이미 지와 서사를 활용하는 영상을, 그리고 후자의 경우에는 라이브커머스, XR 라이브 공연 등과 같이 라이브니스에 입각한 영상을 포함한다. 이처럼 버 추얼 프로덕션에 기반한 영상 콘텐츠는 관객인 우리에게 현실과 가상의 구분을 넘어 실시간으로 확장되는 세계에 대한 경험을 제공하고 있다.

This study is an attempt to examine the trend of virtual production-based video content, which has recently been produced in domestic video studios. Virtual production refers to real-time compositing of live-action images and virtual images by connecting technologies such as game engines, virtual camera systems, motion capture, and LED walls in parallel. Virtual production guarantees immediate, repetitive, cyclical, and creative work in that experts in various fields can share opinions with each other while watching in real time the virtual environment is synthesized with live-action footage while filming within the set. Currently, Viv Studios, Giantstep, VA Corporation, and DexterStudios are attempting virtual production in Korea. The videos produced on a trial basis in these studios can be largely divided into inducing audience immersion through illusory images and inducing interaction between producers and consumers through liveness. In the former case, it includes videos that utilize illusory images and narratives such as advertisements, dance films, and movies, and in the latter case, videos based on liveness such as live commerce and XR live performances. As such, virtual production-based video content provides us with an experience of a world that expands in real time beyond the distinction between reality and virtuality.

자연의 불확정적인 물리현상은, 감성적인 공학기술 영역뿐 아니라 및 예술의 시각표현 방법으로도 자주 연구되는 영역이다. 본 논문에서는 모더니즘 회화에서 물질의 특성을 강조한 회화작품에서 보여 지는 자연의 물리적인 현상들(스며듦, 번짐, 흐름)을 분석한 연구[1]를 Unity3D 엔진의 파티클 시스템을 이용하여 구현 가능성을 제안한다. 그리하여 그래픽스 프로그래밍 습득에 어려운 아티스트들이 수월하게 Unity3D 엔진을 이용하여 자연의 불확정적 비주얼표현 구현에 도움을 줄 수 있으며 또한 감성기반 테크놀로지를 연구하는 공학자들에게도 아이디어 제공에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Uncertain physical phenomena of nature are a frequently researched area in emotional engineering technology and visual expression of art. This paper suggests possibility for implementation of physical phenomena (percolation, dispersion, and flow) of nature using Unity 3D engine's particle system, which have already been analyzed in a previous study [1] on modern paintings that emphasized physical properties. This paper proposes an easy implementation method for uncertain physical phenomena of nature for artists experiencing difficulty in acquisition of knowledge on computer graphics programming, providing an idea for engineers conducting research on emotion-based technology.

The nature of adaptive visual search was investigated using the distractor previewing effect (DPE). In a color oddball search task, search times increase for targets whose colors were previewed in a preceding target-absent display (TAD) compared to distractors whose colors being previewed in the TAD. Thus, target-color previewing (TP) trials are typically slower than distractor-color previewing (DP) trials, and this response time (RT) difference is the DPE. For the purpose of the study, color previewing history was varied to examine temporal integration of visual experience with trial-by-trial adjustments being simultaneously made, and task context were manipulated to induce (un)predictable target appearance times. TADs ranging from 0 to 5 (Exp. 1) or from 0 to 2 (Exp. 2) were presented prior to a target-present display, and the number of TADs was blocked (Exp. A) or randomized (Exp. B), resulting in four experiments 1A, 1B, 2A, and 2B being conducted. All experiments similarly showed: (a) increased RTs for TP than for DP trials; (b) increased RTs with increasing TADs; and (c) different DPEs as a function of the TAD. In addition, Experiments 2A and 2B showed that search times depended on the colors of the TAD, immediately rather than remotely preceding the target display. Differences were also found between the block (predictable) and random (unpredictable) designs. Compared to no color previewing trials, all TP trials were slower in both designs, but DP trials differed in that RT was faster in all TADs in the unpredictable context but only in the 1TAD and 2TADs in the predictable context. Moreover, the unpredictable context did not showed a DPE after one TAD presentation unlike the predictable context. These results suggest that (a) visual experience leaves memory traces and is accumulated into memory while trial-by-trial adjustments are made; and further (b) depending on the demand that a given task requires humans exert their top-down control of attention accordingly.

Word frequency is a critical factor in language processing and memory in a variety of dimensions, as demonstrated by extensive research in psycholinguistics. However, recent studies have indicated that contextual diversity, which counts the number of materials in which a word appears, can be a more reliable predictor of language processing than word frequency. The objective of this study was to examine whether the effect of contextual diversity and word frequency varies across language registers in the process of Korean visual word recognition. We calculated word frequency and contextual diversity measures from the written and spoken corpus of the National Institute of Korean Language and analyzed the lexical decision time data in the Korean Lexicon Project (KLP) using hierarchical regression. The results from both corpora commonly elicited a significant facilitatory effect of contextual diversity when word frequency was controlled with other lexical variables. The results of the analysis showed that contextual diversity has a facilitative effect on Korean word recognition when controlling word frequency and other lexical variables in both corpora. However, the effect of word frequency was not observed in the written corpus when contextual diversity was under control. On the other hand, in the spoken corpus, the effect of word frequency was significant, although it was less pronounced compared to the effect of contextual diversity. These findings suggest that contextual diversity may play a significant role in facilitating visual word recognition in Korean, in terms of both written and spoken language.

시각 효과 기술은 디지털 기술의 발전과 더불어 빠르게 보편화 되고 있다. 영상 제작의 다양한 방식의 시각 효과 기술들이 적용이 되고 있으며, 영상 속 시각 효과 비중이 확대 되고 있다. 시각 효과의 사용 비중은 영상 제작의 예산에 따라 큰 차이를 보이고, 많은 예산을 사용 하는 영상의 경우 시각 효과의 질적 완성도가 높아져 왔다. 하지만 대규모 투자를 통해 개발된 시각 효과 기술의 정보 공유는 제한적이고 발전의 속도가 더디게 이루어진 반면, 소규모 영상 제작자를 위한 시각 효과 기술 정보 공유는 온라인의 확산으로 인하여 최적의 환경을 갖추고 있다. 질적인 완성도는 예산에 의해 정해지지만 시각 효과의 과정과 방법의 변화로 영상의 전체적인 완성도를 높이는 작업이 이루어지고 있다. 그리고 소수만이 가지고 있던 시각 효과 기술 정보와 자료들의 확산과 증가가 다수의 전문적인 시각 효과 업체들의 출현을 야기 시키고 영상 시각 효과 제작 프로세스를 바꿔놓았다. 다양한 시각 효과 개발 업체들은 기존에 시각 효과 작업 방식을 토대로 과정의 변형과 생략으로 예산 절감과 함께 질적인 측면을 높이려 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 많은 시각 효과 개발 업체들 중 Videocopilot은 Adobe After effects를 활용하여 완성도 높은 플러그인 개발과 판매를 이루고 있는 동시에 Videocopilot 웹페이지를 통하여 개발자 간의 소통을 이끌어 내고 시각 효과 정보 고유 및 새로운 창작물 공유를 동시에 이루고 있다. Videocopilot은 간략한 시각 효과 프로세스를 제시 하여 다른 개발 업체와는 차별적인 모습을 보여주어 플랫폼과 창작자 사이의 거리를 좁혀 주었다. 본 연구에서는 Videocopilot을 통해 새로운 시각 효과 제작 환경 변화와 그 의미를 알아보고 향후 영상 후반작업 제작 과정을 예측해본다.

Visual effects technology is rapidly becoming universal with the development of digital technology. Visual effects technologies in various ways of video production are being applied, and the proportion of visual effects in the video is increasing. The proportion of visual effects used varies greatly depending on the budget of video production, and the quality of visual effects has increased in the case of images that use a large budget. Although information sharing of visual effects technology developed through large-scale investments is limited, it is more common for small-scale video producers, due to the spread of online environments. Qualitative completeness is determined by budget, but changes in the process and method of visual effects are taking place to increase the overall completeness of the images. The proliferation and growth of information and materials on visual effects technology, once possessed by a few, has led to the emergence of many companies specialized in visual effects. Thus, this has resulted in a change in the visual effects production process for videos.Various visual effects developers have previously made great efforts to improve quality, along with budget cuts, by modifying and omitting processes based on visual effects working methods. Videocopilot, among many visual effects companies, uses Adobe After Effects to develop and sell highly polished plug-ins while sharing information on visual effects technology with visual effects developers. Furthermore, Videocopilot helps the communication between developers through its webpage, simultaneously achieving information sharing and visual design. Videocopilot has shown a rapid visual effects process that is different from that of other developers, narrowing the gap between platform and creators. This study examines the change in production environment and its meaning by analyzing the case of Videocopilot, and further predicts the production process in the future.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of visual feedback-based step training on balance and gait abilities in patients after stroke. Methods: In this study, 30 patients after stroke were randomly assigned to two groups of 15 participants each. The experimental group received conventional physiotherapy combined with visual feedback-based step training, whereas the control group received two sessions of conventional physiotherapy. Balance and gait abilities were assessed using the Berg balance scale (BBS), timed up & go (TUG) test, and 10-meter walk test (10MWT). Within- and between-group comparisons were analyzed using paired t-tests and analysis of covariance, respectively. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements in balance and gait abilities after the intervention (p<.05). The experimental group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in the BBS, TUG, and 10MWT scores, compared with the control group (p<.05) Conclusion: These findings suggest that visual feedback-based step training is an effective intervention for improving balance and gait abilities in patients after stroke. Further studies are needed to validate its long-term effects and optimize training protocols.

Purpose: An adult male with stage 2 varus knee was provided a squat exercise combining visual feedback using mirror and ball exercises to examine changes in the Q-angle and the muscle activity of the medial and lateral muscles. This study aimed to determine effective methods for correcting alignment and achieving normal alignment of the lower extremities. Method: A total of 30 participants were included in this study through random sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental (the visual feedback squat exercise group using a ball, 15 participants) and control (\the visual feedback squat exercise group without a ball, 15 participants) groups. The exercise intervention comprised four exercises designed based on prior research, performed over 3 weeks. Muscle activity and lower extremity alignment measurement equipment were used as measurement tools. Statistical analysis included the paired samples t-test for within-group comparisons and the independent samples t-test for between-group comparisons. Result: The experimental group showed significant improvements in Q-angle and muscle activity of the medial and lateral muscles compared to the control group (p <.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the visual feedback squat exercise using a ball is more effective than visual feedback squat exercises alone.

본 연구는 온라인 판매자에 대한 위험지각이 소비자의 구매의도에 미치는 관계에 구전정보의 시각적 단서가 어떠 한 조절효과를 미치는가를 검증하기 위한 목적으로 시행되었다. 본 연구는 긍정 혹은 부정적으로 나뉜 구전정보에 따라 시각단서의 조절효과 방향이 다를 것이라는 가설하에 2(위험지각: 고 vs. 저) X 2(시각적 단서: 유 vs. 무)의 두 실험연구가 진행되었다. 첫 번째 연구결과(n=123), 긍정적 구전정보에서의 시각적 단서는 위험지각이 소비자 구매의도에 미치는 부정 적 영향을 줄여주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 하지만 두 번째 연구결과(n=122), 부정적 구전정보에서의 시각적 단서는 위험지각이 소비자 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 더욱 강화해주는 것으로 검증되었다. 본 연구결과는 온라인 구전정보의 시각적 단서가 소비자 의사결정에 설득력을 높여줌을 시사하였다. 또한, 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 온라인 판매자에 대한 소비자의 위험지 각이 높은 경우, 긍정적 부정적 구전정보의 시각단서를 어떻게 전략적으로 활용할 수 있을지에 대한 실무적 함의를 논의하 였다.

The current study examined the moderating effect of visual cues in eWOM on the relationship between perceived risk and purchase intention. Specifically, the study tested the different directions of the moderating effect in positive and negative eWOM. Two studies from a 2 (perceived risk: high vs. low) by 2 (visual cue: presence vs. absence) experimental design were used with online subjects. Findings from study 1 (n=123) supported that visual cues in positive eWOM help to reduce the negative effect of perceived risk on purchase intention. However, study 2 (n=122) showed that visual cues in negative eWOM intensify the negative effect of perceived risk on purchase intention. The findings demonstrated that visual cues in eWOM influence consumers’ decision under high risk conditions. We discussed findings of this study how visual cues in positive and negative eWOM can be strategically managed for new online sellers.

목적 : 본 연구는 수예공작 프로그램을 이용하여 자폐아동과 지적장애아동의 시지각 효과를 비교함으로써 그 필요성을 밝히고자 한다. 연구방법 : 선정기준에 따라 자폐아동 10명, 지적장애 아동 10명을 선별한 후 시지각 프로그 램을 적용하였다. 사용된 수예공작 프로그램은 수예공작을 치료로 적용하고 있거나 적용 한 경험이 있는 전문가에 의해 의뢰되고 만들어졌다. 항목에 들어가는 것은 도예작업, 모 빌공예작업, 밀가루 반죽작업, 지점토작업, 골판지공예작업, 칼라믹스작업이 선택되었다. 이 프로그램은 4주 동안 일주일에 두 번 적용하였고, 치료 전후의 효과를 확인하기 위해 MVPT-3를 사용하였다. 결과 : 첫째, 수예공작 프로그램이 자폐아동과 지적장애아동 모두 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 수예 공작 프로그램 적용 후 각각을 비교하였을 때, 지적장애아동에게 더 높은 효과가 있었다. 결론 : 수예공작 프로그램이 자폐아동과 지적장애아동의 시지각 기능 발달에 영향을 미친다 는 것을 알 수 있었다.

Objective : We try to show the necessity of crafts and arts comparing visual perception of autism with that of mental retardation using craft programmes. Methods : We applied a visual perception programme after sorting 10 autism and 10 mental retardation according to criteria. A used craft programmes are consulted and produced by specialist who are applying crafts as treatment or have experienced applying crafts. The items included potter, mobile art, wheat flour kneading, clay, corrugated cardboard work and color mix work. We applied the programmes twice a week during 4 weeks and used motor-free visual perception test-third edition(MVPT-3) to investigate the effect before and after treatments. Results : First, craft programmes had effect on both autism and mental retardation. Second, craft programmes had more effect on mental retardation. Conclusion : We could know that craft programmes influenced on visual perceptional development of autism and mental retardation.

We investigated the effects of complex treatment using visual and auditory stimuli on the symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Forty-seven male children (7-13 yr old), who were clinically diagnosed with ADHD at the Balance Brain Center in Seoul, Korea, were included in this study. The complex treatment consisted of visual and auditory stimuli, core muscle exercise, targeting ball exercise, ocular motor exercise, and visual motor integration. All subjects completed the complex treatment for 60 min/day, 2-3 times/week for more than 12 weeks. Data regarding visual and auditory reaction time and cognitive function were obtained using the Neurosync program, Stroop Color-Word Test, and test of nonverbal intelligence (TONI) at pre- and post-treatment. The complex treatment significantly decreased the total reaction time, while it increased the number of combo actions on visual and auditory stimuli (P< 0.05). The Stroop color, word, and color-word scores were significantly increased at post-treatment compared to the scores at pretreatment (P< 0.05). There was no significant change in the TONI scores, although a tendency toward an increase in these scores was observed. In conclusion, complex treatment using visual and auditory stimuli alleviated the symptoms of ADHD and improved cognitive function in children. In addition, visual and auditory function might be possible indicators for demonstrating effective ADHD intervention.

The presented study was aimed at identifying for the first time the influ-ence of sports vision exercises on fundamental motor skills and cogni-tive skills of 7- to 10-year-old developmental dyslexic Persian children. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study was conducted. The statis-tical population of this study was 7- to 10-year-old dyslexic children re-ferring to two centres of learning disorder in the city of Isfahan. Twenty two of these children were selected using available and purposive sampling from the statistical population and were randomly assigned into two groups of experimental and control. The former (experimental group) participated in sports vision exercise courses for 12 weeks (3 one hr sessions per week) and the latter (control group) continued their routine daily activities during the exercise. Before the beginning and at the end of the exercise, Gardner’s test of visual perception test - revised and Dehkhoda’s reading skills test was administered to both groups. The results showed that the sports vision exercises increases motor skills, visual perceptual skills and reading skills in developmental dys-lexic children. Based on the results of the presented study it was con-cluded that sports vision exercises can be used for fundamental and cognitive skills of developmental dyslexic children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine whether cervical stabilization exercise with visual feedback exercise would improve cervical alignment and mechanical properties of cervical muscles in patients with forward head posture. Methods: Thirty patients with forward head posture were recruited and were randomly divided into three groups: cervical stabilization exercise with visual feedback exercise group (n=10, group Ⅰ), passive stretching group (n=10, group Ⅱ) and control group (n=10, group Ⅲ). After receiving conventional physical therapy, each group additionally received cervical stabilization exercise with visual feedback exercise and passive stretching for 30min, three days per week for four weeks. Their muscle tone (㎐), stiffness (㎐) and craniovertebral angle (°) were analyzed before the intervention. After four weeks of intervention, the above items were re-measured and an intergroup analysis was performed. Results: The comparison and analyses of the changes in muscle tone and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the suboccipital, upper trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles in groups Ⅰand Ⅱ. Furthermore, statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in the suboccipital muscles with a greater change in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Furthermore, greater changes in the upper trapezius muscles were observed in group Ⅰ than in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Sternocleidomastoid muscle changes were greater group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ. The comparison and analyses of the changes in muscle stiffness and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup decreases in the muscles in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, upper trapezius muscles in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and sternocleidomastoid muscles in group Ⅰ. Moreover, statistically significant intergroup differences in the suboccipital muscles with a greater change in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ; upper trapezius muscles with greater changes in group Ⅰ than in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ, and sternocleidomastoid muscles with a greater change in group Ⅰ than in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ, were observed. The comparison and analyses of the changes in the craniovertebral angle and post hoc analysis revealed statistically significant intragroup changes in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ, and statistically significant intergroup differences with greater changes in group Ⅰ than in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ. Conclusion: Cervical stabilization exercise with visual feedback exercise may be suggested as an effective intervention method for functional recovery of patients in the forward head posture.

본 연구는 비전테라피가 시각 문제를 가지고 있는 ADHD 경향 아동의 증상과 시지각 기술을 향상시키는지 알아보고자 한다. 본 연구의 대상자는 ADHD 경향이 있는 아동 중 시각적인 문제를 가지고 있는 아동 10명이다. 비전 테라피 전· 후로 시각 기능 검사, 시지각 운동협응 검사, 시지각 기술 검사, ADHD 평가척도 검사를 실시하였다. 비전 테라피는 주 2회, 6개월∼1년 동안 실시되었다. 비전테라피 후에 대상자 모두 시각기능의 시력, 입체시, 버전스 범위, 폭주 근점에서 정상 범위에 도달했으며, 시각 기능과 시지각 기술이 향상되었고 ADHD 증상에 대한 점수가 낮아진 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 비전테라피가 ADHD 경향을 가진 아동들의 증상과 시지각을 개선하고 시각문제를 해결하는 데 활용될 수 있는 것으로 보인다.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether vision therapy improves symptom and visual perceptual skills in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder tendency who have visual problems. The subjects of this study were 10 children. Before and after vision therapy, the visual function test, developmental test of visual-motor integration, test of visual perceptual skills, and ADHD rating scale test were performed. Vision therapy was conducted twice a week for a period of 6 months to 1 year. After vision therapy, all subjects achieved normal ranges of visual function, sensory fusion, stereoacuity, vergence function, and convergence. The visual function and visual perceptual skill were improved and the score for ADHD symptoms was reduced. Therefore, it seems that vision therapy can be used to improve the symptoms and visual perception of children with ADHD.

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of aqua walking exer-cise on the joint range of motion (ROM), muscular strength, and pain in patients who have limited knee ROM from surgery or joint fixation. Ten subjects were participated in this study and divided into two groups: continuous passive motion (CPM) therapy+walking exercise on dryland (CWD) and CPM+aqua walking exercise (CAW) groups. The repeated measures analysis of variance was used to verify the difference be-tween the groups and the duration of the program. A paired t-test was used to verify the significance of the observed difference within the groups, and an independent t-test was used to verify the significance of the observed difference between different groups. In this study, ROM in the knee flexion showed interaction effect between the two groups. CAW had a significant increase of knee flexion angle compared to those in CWD. Also, strength on the knee flexors showed interaction ef-fect between the two groups. CAW had a significant increase of knee flexion angle compared to those in CWD, while strength on the knee extensors showed no significant interaction effect between groups. Vi-sual analogue scale (VAS) score showed interaction between the two groups. CAW had a significant increase of the VAS scores compared to those in CWD. Given these findings reported in present study, aqua walking exercise for patients with osteoarthritis is a very safe and ef-fective therapeutic strategies that can move the joint in the optimal ROM.

본 연구는 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 시지각 훈련 프로그램을 적용하였을 때 시지각 기능과 일상생활활동 수행능력에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 첫째, 실험군과 대조군의 치료 중재 전․후 시지각 기능은 유의한 차이를 보였고(p< .05), 집단의 상호작용에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p< .05) 둘째, 실험군과 대조군의 치료 중재 전․후 일상생활활동 수행능력은 유의한 차이를 보였고(p< .05), 집단의 상호작용에는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p< .05).셋째, 시지각 기능은 일상생활활동 수행능력의 운동기능 항목에 유의한 차이가 있었고, 상호간의 양의 상관관계가 나타났다(r= .523).본 연구의 결과 시지각 훈련 프로그램이 뇌졸중 환자의 시지각 기능과 일상생활활동 수행능력을 향상시킨다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

This study was aimed to investigate influences of a specific visual perception training program on the visual perception and the activities of daily living(ADL) of patients with stroke. First, before and after of the visual perception in the intervention training program of the visual perception group, which is including not having a training group showed statistically significant difference(p< .05), The interaction of the group before and after intervention training about the visual perception training program showed significant differences(p< .05). Second, the ADL were significantly improved(p< .05) The interaction of the group before and after intervention training about the Activity of Daily Linving training showed significant differences(p< .05). Third, it was noted that visual perception program assessed by MVPT and ADL assessed by FIM measurement had a moderate level of correlations (r=.523). The results of this study showed that visual perceptual training designed in this study increased the visual perceptual and the ADL as well.

가격할인은 소비자의 관심과 구매를 유도하는 판매촉진전략 중 하나이다. 가격은 소비자가 의사결정과정에 중요하게 고려하는 요소 중 하나인데, 최근에는 동일한 가격정보라도 시각적으로 어떻게 제시하는지에 따라 소비자 반응에 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. 오늘날 가격정보를 제시하기 위해 사용되고 있는 시각단서는 색상, 글자체, 크기, 위치 등 그 종류가 매우 다양하며, 이러한 단서들은 소비자의 의사결정과정에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 다양한 유형의 시각적 제시방식이 할인지각에 있어 소비자 반응에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 특히, 본 연구는 깊이지각단서와 해석수준이론을 바탕으로 두 이론이 거리판단이라는 공통된 특성이 있다는 점에 주목하여 시각적 제시방식의 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 또한, 시각적 제시방식의 효과를 주의 측면과 판단 측면으로 구분하여, 어떠한 시각자극이 주의를 빨리 끌어내는지와 이러한 주의가 의미하는 바가 무엇인지 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 본 연구는 색상, 글자체, 강조, 크기, 위치, 그림자, 할인표시방식, 총 7개의 제시방식의 개별적인 효과를 살펴보았다. 주의 측면에서 제시방식의 효과는 깊이지각단서를 바탕으로 아이트래커를 통해 제시방식에 따른 시각적 주의(최초응시시간)를 측정하였으며, 판단 측면에서는 해석수준이론을 바탕으로 소비자 반응(반응시간, 선택)을 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 주의 측면에서 글자체와 그림자에 따라 최초응시시간에 차이가 나타났다. 판단 측면에서는 글자체, 강조, 위치에 따라 할인지각에 있어 반응시간에 차이가 나타났으며, 모든 제시방식에 따라 저렴하다고 지각되는 광고 선택에 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 효과적인 정보제시방식에 관한 학문적, 실무적 시사점 및 추후 연구에 대해 논의하였다.

Price is an important factor in purchasing decisions. According to price research, people tend to interpret the same price differently depending on visual presentation(e.g. color, discount expression frames). Therefore, the purpose of this study is finding out the effect of visual presentation for price discount on consumer response. Specifically, considering that there is a common feature of distance judgment between depth perception and construal level theory, this study examined that whether visual cues such as color, font, bold, size, position, shadow and discount expression frames, influence discount perception. In addition, the effect of visual presentations was divided into two categories: attention and judgment. For measuring these two categories, entry time (attention), reaction time and choice (consumer response) were measured through eye-tracker. The results showed that visual cues affect attention and judgment: First, font and shadow significantly affect entry time. Second, font, bold, and position affect differences in reaction time regarding discount perception, and all of the visual presentations affect differences in choosing advertisement. Based on these results, theoretical and practical implications for effective presentation methods were discussed.

최근 연구에서는 어떤 얼굴이 아름답다고 느껴지는가에 대한 수치적 기준이 절대적으로 수렴하여, 얼굴의 가로 너비 대 두 눈동자 사이의 거리의 비율이 0.46, 얼굴의 세로 길이 대 눈에서 입까지의 거리의 비율이 0.36이 되는 비율을 얼굴의 아름다움 판단에 있어서의 새로운 황금비율로 정의한 바 있다(Pallett et al., 2010). 본 연구는 시각적 순응(Visual Adaptation) 패러다임을 통해 얼굴 매력도 판단에 있어서의 황금비율이 짧은 시각적 순응 경험에 따라 변화할 수 있음을 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 결과, 얼굴 세로 비율을 길거나 짧게 조작하여 참가자들에게 순응시켰을 때, 이전 매력도에 비해 이후 매력도의 값이 조건과 일치하는 방향으로 이동하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 지각적인 순응이 매력적인 얼굴이 무엇인가에 대한 재규격화를 가져오므로 인간의 얼굴에서 황금비라고 일컬어지는 세로 46%의 수치가 지각적 측면에서 절대적이지는 않다는 것을 함의한다. 즉, 얼굴에 대한 황금비율이 개인의 경험이나 환경에 따라 충분히 변화할 수 있는 대상이라는 것을 시사한다.

Facial attractiveness was optimized when the face’s eye-mouth distance was 36% of its length and the interocular distance was 46% of the width (Pallett et al., 2010). This study called these ratios as new golden ratios for facial beauty. The current study investigated whether the golden ratio could be changed after adapting to a distorted ratio. We found that perceived attractiveness shifted toward the distorted length ratio after adapting to it. The results suggest that perceptual adaptation leads to the recalibration of perceived attractiveness. Thus, the facial length ratio is not an absolute criterion for facial beauty. It can vary depending on personal experiences and social circumstances.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the effect of visual information blocking nursing intervention (VIBNI)on stress and anxiety of patients undergo chemoport insertion in operating rooms. Methods: A non-equivalent controlquasi-experimental design was used. Forth eight participants were enrolled and randomized to experimentalgroup (VIBNI group, n=24) and control group (n=24). All participants received chemoport insertion under localanesthesia. During chemoport insertion, participants allocated to the VIBNI group had their both eyes covered withgamma-sterilized white gauze (5cm x 20cm, 0.5cm in thickness and 4g in weight) that can transmit light of 330Lux. Data from 43 participants were analysed after excluding 5 participants who withdrew (3 in the VIBNI group, and2 in the control group) due to hypertension and anxiety history. Blood pressure and pulse were measured for stress. Blood sample (3 mL) was obtained before and during the procedure to measure serum cortisol level. State anxietyand VAS was measured for anxiety. Results: The difference of cortisol level between two groups was statisticallysignificant after VIBNI intervention (p=.007). In terms of systolic blood pressure (p=.005) and pulse (p<.001), interactionof two groups appeared to be significant over time. Conclusion: In our sample, participants received the VIBNIreported lower stress responses (cortisol level, systolic blood pressure and pulse) during chemoport insertion. Based upon our preliminary results, further evaluation in a larger sample and objective anxiety is warranted.