Earticle

본 연구에서는 부모의 주말근무가 초등학교 고학년 자녀의 학습 및 여가시간과 어떠한 연관성이 있는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 통계청의 2019년 생활시간조사를 이용하였고, 함께 사는 부모가 모두 일을 하는 초등학교 고학년 자녀의 주말 시간일지를 분석하였다(196명, 278개 시간일지). 토빗 모델 및 선형회귀분 석모델을 적용한 결과, 첫째, 부모의 주말근무는 초등학교 고학년 자녀의 학습시간과 유의한 관련성이 없었다. 둘째, 어머니의 주말근무는 초등학교 고학년 자녀의 여가시간과 유의한 관련성이 있었다. 어머니 가 근무하지 않는 주말보다 근무한 주말에 자녀의 전체 여가시간이 65분 가량 길었다. 그리고 어머니가 근무하는 주말에 자녀의 미디어 여가시간이 61분 가량 길었고, 소극적 여가시간이 많아지는 양상도 확인할 수 있었다. 이 결과는 부모가 자녀와 대화를 통해 미디어를 이용하는 시간이 지나치게 길어지지 않도록 조정하며, 주말 등 휴일에 일하는 부모들의 자녀돌봄에 대한 사회적 지원도 확대될 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

This study examines the association between parents’ weekend work and the study and leisure time of upper-grade elementary school children. Using the 2019 Korean Time Use Survey, we selected the weekend time diaries of upper-grade elementary children living with both working parents (Diarists N=196, Diaries N=278) and applied Tobit and linear regression models. We found that parents’ weekend work was not significantly associated with their children’s study time. However, mothers‘ weekend work showed a significant association with their children’s leisure time. On weekends when mothers worked, their children’s total leisure time was approximately 65 minutes longer compared to weekends when mothers did not work. When analyzing subcategories of leisure, we found that on weekends when mothers worked, children’s media-based leisure time increased by about 61 minutes, along with an increase in passive leisure activities such as reading and resting. The results suggest that parents should manage their children’s media-related leisure time through conversations to prevent excessive usage, and that social support for weekend childcare for children of working parents should be expanded.

Purpose: Simulation-based education plays a critical role in nursing by allowing stu- dents to acquire clinical competencies in a safe and controlled environment. However, current evaluation tools for simulation scenarios often lack standardization, resulting in inconsistencies when assessing the effectiveness of such programs. Methods: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive Nursing Simulation Scenario Evaluation Tool using the Real-Time Delphi method. A panel of 10 experts in nursing and simulation education participated in two rounds of surveys. The evaluation criteria were derived from the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning Standards of Best Practice and relevant literature. Survey items were refined through expert consensus using content validity ratios and coefficient of variation val- ues. The finalized tool was further enhanced with artificial intelligence (AI)?based evalu- ation capabilities to support objective and systematic assessment. The tool was registered and patented in the Republic of Korea (Korean Intellectual Property Office Registration No. 10-2024-0051234) to acknowledge its innovation and technical merit. Results: The process resulted in an evaluation tool comprising eight key domains and 36 items, covering scenario structure, learning objectives, preparation, script development, debriefing, facilitation, expected outcomes, and scenario validity. A Kendall’s coefficient of concordance of 0.739 indicated strong agreement among the experts. Conclusion: This study successfully developed a standardized and validated tool to im- prove the reliability and effectiveness of simulation-based education in nursing. The tool addresses a key gap in current educational practices and enhances consistency in evalu- ating nursing simulation scenarios. Future studies should focus on validating its applica- tion across diverse educational environments.

Purpose: This study investigated correlations between the actual sleep time 24 hours prior to an examination and the time to achieve chloral hydrate sedation in pediatric patients. Methods: With parental consent, 84 children who were placed under moderate or deep sedation with chloral hydrate for examinations from November 19, 2020 to July 9, 2022 were recruited. Results: Patients' average age was 19.9 months. Pediatric neurology patients and those who underwent electroencephalography took significantly longer to achieve sedation with chloral hydrate. There was a negative correlation between the time to achieve sedation and actual sleep time within 24 hours prior to the examination. Positive correlations were found between the actual sleep time 24 hoursprior to the examination and the second dose per weight, as well as between the sedation recovery time and awake hours before the examination. Conclusion: Sleep restriction is not an effective adjuvant therapy for chloral hydrate sedation in children, and sedation effects vary according to pediatric patients' characteristics. Therefore, it would be possible to reduce the unnecessary efforts of caregivers who restrict children's sleep for examinations. It is more important to educate parents about safe sedation than about sleep restriction.

Purpose: This study was conducted to explore first-time fathers' experiences during their transition to parenthood in South Korea. Methods: Data were collected from September 2019 to February 2020 through in-depth interviews that were conducted individually with 12 participants. First-time fathers with children under 2 months of age were recruited. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method. Results: Four theme clusters were identified: Preparing to become a father, challenges of becoming a father, motivation to foster familial bonds, and acknowledgement of fatherhood. Conclusion: These findings suggest that Korean first-time fathers prepared to practice parenthood through prenatal education, taegyo, and feeling bonds with their new baby. They recognized their identity as fathers and experienced self-growth. These results would be beneficial for health professionals in developing perinatal care programs, and the results provide basic data for studies on fathers and families during the transition to parenthood.

Objective To describe an ultrasonography-guided technique for cubital tunnel injection.Method The ulnar nerves from 12 elbows of 6 adult cadavers were scanned, and the cross-sectional areas of the ulnar nerves, cubital tunnel inlets and outlets were measured by using ultrasonography. All elbows were dissected after an ultrasonography-guided dye injection at the inlet of the cubital tunnel. The dissectors evaluated the spread of dye and the coloration of the nerve and remeasured the cross-sectional areas of the cubital tunnel inlets and outlets.Results After a real-time visualization of an ultrasonography-guided injection, the ulnar nerves were seperated from the medial groove for the ulnar nerve. All the ulnar nerves of the cadavers were successfully colored with the dye, from the inlet to oulet of the cubital tunnel. The post-injection cross-sectional areas were significantly larger than the pre-injection cross-sectional areas. No significant differences were detected in the post-injection cross-sectional areas of the cubital tunnel outlet and the ulnar nerve as compared with the pre-injection areas.Conclusion Clinicians should consider real-time visualization of ultrasonography for guided injection around the ulnar nerve at the inlet of the cubital tunnel.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of temperature and retention time of the pressurized steam chamber on the ruminal fermentation characteristics and nutrient degradability of corn flakes in three Korean native Hanwoo cows and three Holstein cows implanted with a ruminal fistula. Corn kernels were categorized into 13 groups based on the chamber temperature (range, 100°C?116°C) and retention time (range, 700?950 s). The pH value was lowest in T1 regardless of breed. Propionate concentration was the highest in T2 (p < 0.05). Total-volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was slightly but not significantly greater in T2 than in other conditions. Dry matter (p < 0.05), starch, and crude protein (p < 0.05) degradability were the highest in T1. At different incubation times and with different breeds, dry matter, starch, and crude protein degradability of corn flakes were the highest in T1. Thus, the present results indicate that the optimal temperature and retention time of the pressurized steam chamber should be 100°C?105°C and 700?720 s.

Objective To determine the relationship between line bisection test (LBT) performance time and prognosis of hemispatial neglect (HSN) in stroke patients. Methods Data on stroke patients with HSN were prospectively collected. After patient recruitment and eligibility screening, the LBT, Motor-Free Visual Perception Test 3rd edition, and Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination were performed at the time of admission and 4 weeks thereafter. The LBT performance time was also measured. All patients received conventional rehabilitation for 4 weeks. Based on the improvements in their LBT grades, the patients were divided into improved and non-improved groups. The evaluation results of the two groups were compared using Mann?Whitney U-tests and logistic regression was performed to predict the independence of each outcome. Results In total, 26 stroke patients with HSN were included, with 13 patients in each group. Significant differences were observed in the baseline LBT performance times between the improved and non-improved groups (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed associations between HSN prognosis, and baseline LBT performance time (odds ratio=0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.90?1.00; p<0.05) and baseline Motor-Free Visual Perception Test 3rd edition (odds ratio=1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.01?1.43; p<0.05). Conclusion A significant relationship was observed between the baseline LBT performance time and HSN prognosis.

Purpose: This study analyzed retracted publications in dental implantology research to identify reasons for retraction, characterize geographic and journal trends, quantify the time lag from publication to retraction, and assess the impact of retractions through post-retraction citation patterns. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EBSCO, Retraction Watch, and Google Scholar identified retracted dental implant?related articles published between 2000 and 2024. Seventy-eight retracted articles were included. Extracted data included article title, journal, authors’ country, publication date, retraction date, retraction notice text, stated reason for retraction, journal impact factor, total citations, and citations after retraction. Descriptive statistics were used. Multiple linear regression evaluated factors associated with time to retraction, and logistic regression evaluated factors associated with post-retraction citation. Results: In the 78 identified articles, the most common reasons for retraction were image duplication or image-related discrepancies (53.8%) and data-related inaccuracies or unreliable data (23.1%). Spain accounted for the largest proportion of retracted articles (56.4%), and Clinical Oral Implants Research had the highest number of retractions. The mean time between publication and retraction was 4.44 ± 3.70 years. Despite retraction, articles continued to be cited, receiving a mean of 6.89 ± 8.26 citations after retraction. Logistic regression showed that the publication-to-retraction interval was the only significant predictor of post-retraction citation (odds ratio, 0.645; P = 0.001). Conclusion: Retractions in dental implantology research represent a serious threat to research integrity and highlight the risk of flawed evidence persisting in the literature. Enhanced editorial vigilance, rigorous research integrity training, and faster retraction protocols are essential to safeguard evidence-based dental practice.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ultrasound (US)-guided steroid injection by in-plane approach for cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), based on symptomatic, morphologic and electrophysiological outcomes.Methods A total of 10 patients, who were clinically diagnosed as CuTS and confirmed by an electrodiagnostic study, participated in this study. US-guided injection into the cubital tunnel was performed with 40 mg triamcinolone and 2 mL of 1% lidocaine. Outcomes of the injections were evaluated at pre-injection, 1st week and 4th week after injection. Visual analog scale, self-administered questionnaire of the ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (SQUNE), and McGowan classification were used for clinical evaluation. Cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve by US and the electrophysiological severity scale through a nerve conduction study were utilized in the evaluation of morphologic and electrophysiological changes. The cross-sectional area of the ulnar nerve was measured at 3 points of condylar, proximal, and distal level of the cubital tunnel.Results No side effects were reported during the study period. The visual analog scale and cross-sectional area showed a significant decrease at 1st week and 4th week, as compared to baseline (p<0.05). The electro-physiological severity scale was significantly decreased at the 4th week, as compared with baseline and 1st week (p<0.05). Among the quantitative components of the scale, there were statistically significant improvements with respect to the conduction velocity and block.Conclusion The new approach of US-guided injection may be a safe tool for the treatment of CuTS. Symptomatic and morphologic recoveries preceded the electrophysiological improvement.

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the knowledge level of first-time mothers regardingdigestive health issues in infancy and to examine the utilization of healthcare facilities forsuch problems. Methods: Data from 119 first-time mothers of infants under 6 months ofage were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)were conducted using the SPSS software. Results: The average correct response ratefor first-time mothers’ knowledge of digestive health problems in infancy was 61.9%. The highest correct response rate was observed for infantile colic, while diarrhea had thelowest. Less than 50% of mothers received education on infant digestive health problemsacross all categories. Among digestive health problems in infancy, diarrhea exhibited thehighest rate of healthcare utilization, whereas infantile colic had the lowest. First-timemothers’ knowledge of digestive health problems in infancy varied based on maternalage (t=-3.66, p<.001), education level (t=-2.26, p=.026), and planned pregnancy (t=3.24,p=.002). Moreover, mothers who received education on infant digestive health problemsdemonstrated better overall knowledge of digestive health problems. Conclusion: Therate of education regarding digestive health problems during infancy among first-timemothers was < 50%. Furthermore, mothers educated on infant digestive health issues exhibitedimproved knowledge. Therefore, it is necessary to provide appropriate pre-educationto primiparous common gastrointestinal health issues in infants.

This case study investigated changes in research articles from the Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) during the COVID-19 pandemic to share information with stakeholders in the research and publishing communities. Data on research published from 2017 to 2024 were collected by searching the database for the number of research articles indexed in Web of Science’s Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), and then extracting the publication date of research articles from the KRIBB’s paper management system. After the number of WoS-SCIE research articles was scaled down by the corresponding number of KRIBB’s SCIE articles in 2017, we analyzed differences in the publication turnaround times of KRIBB’s research articles based on whether MDPI was involved. In both WoS-SCIE and KRIBB data, the impact of MDPI exhibited a clear decline in 2023, a trend that continued into 2024. Generally, KRIBB’s non-MDPI research articles were published more rapidly in high-frequency journals, journals with low impact factors, and for COVID-19?related topics; however, this difference gradually diminished. In 2023, there was a notable reversal from a decrease to an increase in publication speed following COVID-19, along with a narrowing of the gaps between different stages of publication. It remains uncertain whether this trend will continue. Collecting additional similar case studies could provide a more accurate understanding of the changes and trends in the article publishing industry during the COVID-19 period.

The researcher set up multiple sensor units on the road slope such as national highway and highway where there is a possibility of loss, and using the acceleration sensor built into the sensor unit the researcher will sense whether the inclination of the road slope occur in real time, and Based on the sensed data, the researcher tries to implement a system that detects collapse of road slope and dangerous situation. In the experiment of measuring the error between the actual measurement time and the judgment time of the monitoring system when judging the warning of the sensor and falling rock detection by using the acceleration sensor, the error between measurement time and the judgment time at the sensor warning was 0.34 seconds on average, and an error between measurement time and judgment time at falling rock detection was 0.21 seconds on average. The error is relatively small, the accuracy is high, and thus the change of the slope can be clearly judged.

Sleep deprivation (SD) inhibits normal biorhythms, causing physical and mental problems. To solve the problems caused by SD, fundamental measures are needed. I investigated change of recovery by rest time in psychological aspect after repetitive SD. The mice were divided into four groups: control 24-hr rest after 24-hr SD group, 48-hr rest after 24-hr SD group, and 72-hr rest after 24-hr SD group (n=20 in each group). I carried out SD in the water cage included multiple platforms. Repetitive SD executes for 36 days. I measured weight every week after SD for 6 weeks. To check emotional condition, I carried out intruder-evoked ag-gression test and modified forced swimming test. In the present results, group treated 24-hr rest and 48-hr rest after 24-hr SD showed lower natural aggressiveness and high depression. However, group treated 72-hr rest after 24-hr SD indicated emotional changes to recover the normal conditions. In the weight change, all group showed significant decrease compared to control for 6 weeks. I suggest that appropriate rest time after SD can help to restore emotional change.

This study proposes a real-time content design pipeline optimized for Unreal Engine, integrating generative AI-based image creation with AI-assisted 3D modeling tools. The pipeline aims to streamline the production of high-quality assets for real-time applications, including games and simulations. Two types of subjects were selected: a bust combining organic character features, and a stone slab characterized by planar and symmetrical structure. Multi-angle image data were first synthesized using advanced generative AI models to simulate diverse viewpoints. These were then processed using AI-enhanced photogrammetry and modeling tools to reconstruct detailed 3D meshes and extract base textures. Post-processing steps, including mesh decimation, UV unwrapping, and texture baking, were performed to ensure compatibility with Physically Based Rendering (PBR) workflows used in Unreal Engine. The final assets were successfully imported into Unreal Engine, demonstrating visual fidelity and performance suitability in a real-time environment. The study confirms the pipeline’s potential for accelerating asset development and suggests promising future directions in AI-driven digital content creation.

최근 다양한 사이버 범죄 위협이 증가하는 추세로 정보시스템을 대상으로 공격하는 사이버 공격에 대해 실시간 탐지 등 최전선에서 초동 대응을 해야 하는 보안관제의 중요성이 높아지고 있다. 보안관제센터, 사이버테러 대응센터, 침해대응센터 등의 이름으로 기관의 관제인원들은 사이버 공격 예방을 위해 많은 노력을 하고 있다. 특히 침해사고 탐지를 위한 방법으로 네트워크 보안장비를 이용하거나 관제시스템을 활용하여 탐지를 하고 있지만 장비 위주의 단순한 패턴기반으로 관제를 하는 방법으로는 침해사고의 예방을 위한 방법으로는 부족하다. 그러므로 보안관제시스템은 지속적으로 고도화 되고 있으며 침해위협에 대한 예방활동으로 탐지방법에 대한 개발과 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 기존 침해사고 탐지 방법에 대한 문제점 개선을 위해 주요 구성 모듈의 침해사고 탐지 방법을 정의하고, 성능테스트를 통해 효율적인 보안 관제를 위한 방안을 제시하고 SIEM(Security Information Event Management)을 활용한 관제시스템 고도화를 통하여 효과적인 침해위협 탐지 방법을 연구하고자 한다.

Recently, as the threat of cyber crime increases, the importance of security control to cope with cyber attacks on the information systems in the first place such as real-time detection is increasing. In the name of security control center, cyber ​terror response center and infringement response center, institutional control personnel are making efforts to prevent cyber attacks. Especially, we are detecting infringement accident by using network security equipment or utilizing control system, but it's not enough to prevent infringement accident by just controlling based on device-driven simple patterns. Therefore, the security control system is continuously being upgraded, and the development and research on the detection method are being actively carried out by the prevention activity against the threat of infringement. In this paper, we have defined the method of detecting infringement of major component module in order to improve the problem of existing infringement detection method. Through the performance tests for each module, we propose measures for effective security control and study effective infringement threat detection method by upgrading the control system using Security Information Event Management (SIEM).

본 연구는 생성적 AI와 언리얼 엔진의 MetaHuman 기술을 통합하여 고급 실시간 디지털 휴먼 시스템을 구현하는 것을 탐구한다. Inworld AI의 NPC 시스템 및 NVIDIA의 Avatar Cloud Engine과 같은 기존 기술 통합 사례를 분석하여 연구에 참고하였으며, MetaHuman의 시각적 사실성과 생성적 AI의 동적 행동을 결합한 새로운 아키텍처를 제안한다. 연구 방법론은 캐릭터 제작, AI 모델 통합, 실시간 성능 최적화를 다루고 있다. 시스템은 렌더링 품질, AI 응답 정확 도, 사용자 경험을 기준으로 평가되었으며, 그 결과 이러한 통합이 보다 반응성 높고 사실적인 디지털 휴먼을 구현할 잠재력을 입증했다. 본 연구는 게임, 교육, 가상 비서 분야에서의 시사점 을 논의하고, 현재의 한계점과 향후 연구 방향을 제시한다. 이를 통해 첨단 AI 기능과 최첨단 실시간 렌더링을 결합한 프레임워크를 제공하여 지능형 가상 캐릭터 개발을 한 단계 발전시키 는 데 기여하고자 한다.

This study explores the integration of generative AI with Unreal Engine's MetaHuman technology to create an advanced real-time digital human system. We analyze existing implementations combining these technologies, including Inworld AI's NPC system and NVIDIA's Avatar Cloud Engine, to inform our research. We propose a novel architecture that leverages MetaHuman's visual fidelity and generative AI's dynamic behavior. Our methodology covers character creation, AI model integration, and optimization for real-time performance. The system is evaluated based on rendering quality, AI response accuracy, and user experience. Results demonstrate the potential of this integration for creating more responsive and lifelike digital humans. We discuss implications for gaming, education, and virtual assistants, addressing current limitations and proposing future research directions. This study contributes to the field by providing a framework for combining advanced AI capabilities with state-of-the-art real-time rendering, advancing the development of intelligent virtual characters.

뉴 미디어의 발전으로 인해 사람들의 정보 습득 방식에 커다란 변화가 생기고 있다. 글이나 사진보다 콘텐츠 내용을 더 입체적인 전달할 수 있는 영상콘텐츠 활용이 그 변화다. 2016년 이후 실시간 라이브 방송 콘텐츠는 제공자 와 사용자 모두 증가하는 추세이다. 본 논문은 Youtube Live 또는 DouyuTV를 플렛폼으로 하는 개인의 실시간 라이 브 방송 콘텐츠를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 개인의 실시간 라이브 방송 사례에 수록된 디지털화된 정보 내용의 특징 또는 필요성을 분석하였다. 2020년에 코로나19로 인한 온라인 생활의 변화는 실시간 라이브 방송을 더 다양한 분야로 확대 될 수 있음을 보여주었다. 디지털 첨단기술을 용합한 실시간 라이브 방송은 내용적인 측면 뿐만 아니라 영상콘텐츠를 소비하는 대중들의 영상 소비 문화에도 다양성을 제공하여 더 많은 사회적 가치를 만들 것으로 예측된다. 그러므로 향후 실시간 라이브 방송콘텐츠의 사회적 책임에 관한 심도 있는 연구가 필요하다고 생각한다.

With the development of new media, great changes are taking place in the way people get information. The change is the use of video content that can deliver content in a more three-dimensional way than words or photos. After 2016, the number of live video streaming content providers and users has increased. In this paper the write takes the 1 personal live video streaming content as the research object. And the write takes live video streaming content on YouTube live or Douyu TV as a research example. In this paper, the writer analyzes the digital information content in the live video streaming case. And the writer expounds the necessity of these visual information and the characteristics of real-time live video streaming content. Especially since 2020, because of the influence of the COVID-19, the live video streaming industry has begun to combine with the traditional industry. It is expected that the integration of digital cutting-edge technology and live video streaming will not only provide diversity in the content, but also create more social value for the video content consumption culture. Therefore, The writer thinks it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on the social responsibility of real-time live content in the future.

본 연구는 4개의 제조업 사업장(A, B, C, D)을 대상으로 업무영향분석(Business Impact Analysis, BIA)을 수행하여 각 사업장의 목표복구시간(Recovery Time Objective, RTO)을 도출하고 비교 분석하였다. 연구의 목적은 각 사업장의 특성과 업무의 중요도를 반영한 맞춤형 RTO를 설정하는 데 있으며, 이를 통해 비상 상황 발생 시 신속하고 효율적인 업무 복구를 지원하는 핵심 요소로 활용될 수 있다. 분석 결과, 설비보전 업무는 모든 사업장에서 가장 짧은 RTO를 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 생산설비 가동 중단이 기업에 미치는 재정적 손실이 크기 때문이다. 또한, 생산 관리 및 물류 관리 업무 역시 비교적 짧은 RTO가 설정되었으며, 이는 기업 운영의 연속성을 유지하는 데 필수적인 요인으로 작용한다. 반면, D 사업장의 연구개발(R&D) 업무는 장기적인 기술혁신의 중요성이 반영되어 상대적으로 긴 RTO가 설정되었다. 본 연구는 동일 산업 내에서도 사업장별 특성을 반영한 차별화된 BIA 수행이 필요함을 강조하며, 각 사업장이 직면한 리스크와 복구 요구 사항을 고려한 맞춤형 복구 전략의 중요성을 제시한다.

This study conducted a Business Impact Analysis (BIA) on four manufacturing sites (A, B, C, and D) to derive and compare their respective Recovery Time Objectives (RTOs). The primary objective of this research is to establish customized RTOs that reflect the characteristics and criticality of each site's operations, serving as a key factor in ensuring prompt and efficient recovery during emergencies. The analysis revealed that maintenance operations had the shortest RTO across all sites, emphasizing the significant financial impact of production equipment downtime. Additionally, production management and logistics management were assigned relatively short RTOs, as these functions are essential for maintaining business continuity. In contrast, the R&D operations at Site D were assigned a relatively longer RTO, reflecting the importance of long-term technological innovation. This study highlights the necessity of conducting differentiated BIAs that account for site-specific characteristics, even within the same industry. Furthermore, it underscores the importance of developing customized recovery strategies that consider the risks and recovery priorities unique to each site.