Earticle

We provide an analytic solution for the problem of the unsteady, incompressible viscous fluid flow in the case of variable suction/blowing by applying similarity transform; the 'slip' condition at the boundary is considered. Several special cases with their solutions are given and are discussed graphically. It is observed that with an increase in suction the velocity increases and hence the boundary layer thickness decreases and with increase in blowing the velocity decreases and boundary layer thickness increases. It is also found that with an increase in slip parameter the velocity decreases.

This paper presents a sole application of boundary element method to the conjugate heat transfer problem of thermally developing laminar flow in a thick walled pipe when the fluid velocities are fully developed. Due to the coupled mechanism of heat conduction in the solid region and heat convection in the fluid region, two separate solutions in the solid and fluid regions are sought to match the solid-fluid interface continuity condition. In this method, the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) with the axial direction marching scheme is used to solve the heat convection problem and the conventional boundary element method (BEM) of axisymmetric model is applied to solve the heat conduction problem. An iterative and numerically stable BEM solution algorithm is presented, which uses the coupled interface conditions explicitly instead of uncoupled conditions. Both the local convective heat transfer coefficient at solid-fluid interface and the local mean fluid temperature are initially guessed and updated as the unknown interface thermal conditions in the iterative solution procedure. Two examples imposing uniform temperature and heat flux boundary conditions are tested in thermally developing region and compared with analytic solutions where available. The benchmark test results are shown to be in good agreement with the analytic solutions for both examples with different boundary conditions.

Currently the regional festival for each city and province of Korea is a total of 555 on the basis of 2014. It reached the peak with 926 festivals in 2008, and since then all of them have tended to be merged. However, when all festivals that were excluded from the above data basis are combined, it is expected the total festival is exceeding around 2,000. In Japan, 7,400 festivals are held, and in Spain, more than one hundred thousand festivals are held. However, Korea has the demerit that too many festivals of similar themes are held unlike the cases of foreign countries. For example, the number of the festival related to cherry blossom is eight, and the number of the festival related to the movie is four. Due to this, sometimes disputes between each festival occur. However, the essential problem is that there are too many generous festivals that earn no profits. In this regard, this study tries to understand the problem of the culture tourism festival through analysis on the big data, and suggest the solution for this.

Compared to conversations and other written genres, written academic prose favours heavy nominal groups, in which the head noun is typically accompanied by premodifiers such as adjectives or nouns, and/or by postmodifiers such as prepositional phrases (Parkinson & Musgrave, 2014). In particular, a Noun Complement structure, a relatively neglected means of stance expression has been underresearched in the study of stance and the way writers to convey an attitude to their compositions and readers. The current study examines this structure as a nominal stance construction related to students’ advanced academic literacy (Jiang, 2015). By means of corpus-based contrastive analysis, this study compares the uses of this stance construction in problem-solution essays of 70 Korean university students (L2) with those of English native students (L1) of similar age (20s) and educational level (undergraduate students). The findings observe that EFL students employ fewer examples of nominal stance constructions compared to native English ones and that they showed the use of limited types of this construction. It might be caused by lack of the EFL learners’ L1 proficiency and the inherent difficulty of noun phrase constructions in the acquisition of syntactic structures. This research can also make suggestions for EAP (English for Academic Purposes) writings and instructions.

Considering the COVID-19 crisis and the sudden shift from face-to-face classes to online ones, universities had to initiate a new phase of educating learners using online platforms, known as ERT (Emergency Remote Teaching). This study aims to uncover the challenges EFL instructors, their learners, and university administrations encountered during ERT through conducting a qualitative case study. Accordingly, twenty-two learners, six instructors, and two administrative staff members who faced difficulties with online instruction during ERT at Alzahra University participated in this research by invitation. The participants were semi-structurally interviewed through social networking platforms (WhatsApp and Telegram) as well as telephone conversations. Subsequently, the collected data were manually coded and subjected to thematic analysis. The study's findings revealed that the inadequate infrastructure of the university, the lack of technical knowledge among learners and professors, unsuitable online materials, absence of training workshops, evaluation challenges, inadequacies of Adobe Connect (the chosen video conferencing platform for Alzahra University's online classes), lack of interaction among learners, overcrowded heterogeneous classes, suboptimal learning environments, and internet connectivity issues were the most significant challenges faced by language learners and instructors during ERT. Additionally, the study identified that the primary challenge for the online department authorities during ERT was addressing instructors' and learners’ problems throughout the semester and conducting online exams at the conclusion of the course.

نارحب ھب ھجوت ابCOVID-19 سلاک زا یناھگان رییغت وسلاک ھب یروضح یاھهاگشناد ،طخ رب یاھ دندش روبجم اھرف شزومآ زا یدیدج ھلحرمتلپ زا هدافتسا اب ار ناریگامرف مان ھب طخ رب یاھERT (یرارطضا رود هار زا سیردت) ھب نیا فدھ .دننک زاغآ تعرسقیقحت شلاچ فشک رد هاگشناد تیریدم و اھنآ ناریگارف ،یسیلگنا نابز ناسردم ھک تسا ییاھ لوطERT نآ ابهدش ھجاوم اھدنا قیرط زا ،یفیک یدروم ھعلاطم کی ماجنا دشاب یم زا رفن ود و تسیب ،ساسا نیا رب .م شش ،ناریگارفسرد هرود رد ھک یرادا نانکراک زا رفن ود وERT در دانشگاه الزھرا با مشکل آموزش بر خط مواجھ بودند، با دعوت در این پژوھش شرکت کردند. یراتخاس ھمین تروص ھب ینفلت تاملاکم نینچمھ و (مارگلت و پا ستاو) یعامتجا یاھ ھکبش قیرط زا ناگدننک تکرش یتسد تروص ھب هدش یروآ عمج یاھ هداد سپس .دندش ھبحاصمیراذگ دک لیلحت و ھیزجت دروم و هدش رارق یعوضومھتفای .دنتفرگتخاسریز ھک داد ناشن ھعلاطم نیا یاھ ،دیتاسا و ناریگارف نیب رد ینف شناد دوبمک ،هاگشناد بسانمان یاھهاگراک یرازگرب مدع ،بسانمان طخ رب بلاطمشلاچ ،یشزومآ یاھییاسران ،یبایزرا یاھ یاھAdobe Connect ک یارب یباختنا سنارفنک وئدیو مرفتلپ)سلا یاھ سلاک ،نازومآ نابز نیب لماعت نادقف ،(ارھزلا هاگشناد طخ رب یاھ دندوب ییاھ شلاچ نیرت مھم تنرتنیا ھکبش ھب لاصتا ھب طوبرم لئاسم و ،بسانمان یشزومآ یاھ طیحم ،نوگمھان تیعمجرپ لوط رد ناسردم و نازومآ نابز ھکERT با آن مواجھ بودند. شن ھعلاطم نیا ،نیا رب هولاع یلصا شلاچ ھک داد نایلوؤسمن شخبطخ رب لوط ردERT رسیدگیفراگیران در طول ترم و برگزاری امتحانات آنلاین در پایان دوره می باشد.

본 연구는 해결중심 집단미술치료가 대학생의 진로결정 자기효능감과 문제해결능력에 미치는 효과를 알아보자 하였다. 본 연구 대상은 C시에 소재한 H대학 1∼4학년 학생 중 교양강좌로 미술치료를 듣는 학생들을 대상으로 60명에게 프로그램을 안내하였으며 이들 중 해결중심 미술치료 프로그램에 참가 동의하여 동의서를 제출한 16명을 선정하여 실험집단 8명과 통제집단 8명으로 무선배치를 하였다. 연구기간은 2018년 9월부터 10월까지 주 1회, 회기 당 70분씩, 총 8회기의 해결중심 집단미술치료를 실시하였다. 측정도구는 진로결정 자기효능감 CDMSES-SF(Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form)과 문제해결능력 검사 PSI(Problem Solving Inventory)를 사용하여 사전․사후로 실시하여 분석하였다. 자료처리는 실험집단과 통제집단의 사전 동질성 검증을 위하여 비모수통계방법 맨 휘트니 U 검증(Mann-Whitney U Test)를 실시하였고, 사전-사후검증을 위하여 비모수통계방법 Wilcoxon의 부호 순위 검증을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 해결중심 집단미술치료가 대학생의 진로결정 자기효능감과 문제해결능력 향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

This study aimed to analyze the effects of resolution oriented group art therapy on career decision self­efficacy and problem­solution ability of the university students. The study program was introduced among 60 students between the first to senior grade, who attendedan orientation session for the pilot study at H University in the city of C. Of the 60 subjects, 16 students who agreed on the document of art problem solving focusing art study participation were finally selected and evenly divided into two groups 8 study and control group for examining problem-solution oriented art therapy programs. The study was performed from September to October of 2018, and the subjects were observed 8 times, 70 minutes per session, for a term of one week. Of the pre-and post-comparison tests, the career related self-efficacy CDMSES-SF (Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form) and problem resolution (PSI: Problem Solving Inventory)were examined by the Mann-Whitney‘s non parametric U Test, as well as the homogeneity of the study and control groups. The validity of this study was recognized through Wilcoxon's non­parametric Rank Sum Test of the career affair decision self­efficacy and problem-solution ability. The result suggested that the art therapy was quite influential for career related crucial decision­making and problem solution improvements.

현하 한국대학생들의 독서율이 점차 저하되고 있다. 독서부진의 제반 요인을 여러 부분에서 진단, 고찰하고, 독서저해요인을 추출함으로써 독서생활을 조장하고 독서율을 향상시키는 방안을 강구하고자 한다. 특히 본 연구에서는 대학생들의 독서철학 확립을 위한 논의를 정리하고, 또한 대학생 독서부진 해결을 위한 교육제도적 방안으로서 독서학점부과제도 또는 독서인증제도의 필요성을 강조하고자 한다.

The purpose of this study is on the solution of the problem that have made university students poor readings. What is the factors in make poor progress in reading of the university students. This study suggested the policies and strategies for correcting and improving the poor reading of university students. Especially in this study, it is necessary to establish the reading philosophy of the university students. That is the presentation of reading certification and the credit system of reading in educational system and in reading guidance.

온실가스의 많은 양을 배출하는 가축분뇨는 매년 증가하는 추세로 지구 온난화에 대한 대책이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 자원재활용에 의한 재생에너지 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가축분뇨 중 돈분, 계분 그리고 혼합물을 선택하여 재생에너지 연구를 하기 위하여 이들의 연소특성을 조사하였다. 시험 방법은 시료를 항량까지 건조시킨 후에, 콘칼로리미터(ISO 5660-1)를 이용하여 연소시험을 하였다. 그 결과 돈분(33.73 kW/m2)은 계분(28.45 kW/m2)보다 평균열방출률이 높게 나타났다. 이에 반하여 계분은 무기물 함량이 상대적으로 많기 때문에 평균열방출률이 비교적 낮았다. 따라서 재생 에너지를 생산하기 위하여는, 탄화수소 함량이 많은 가축분뇨를 재활용해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

Large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions have increased manure annually. Therefore, measures for global warming is urgent. To solve this problem, due to the resource recycling-energy for renewable energy research is needed. In this study, three kinds of manure(swine, poultry, and a mixure) was selected. And to evaluate the potential use of renewable energy, their combustion characteristics were investigated. After the sample was dried to a constant weight, cone calorimeter(ISO 5660-1) was used to test the combustion. It was found that the mean heat release rate(MHRR) in the swine manue(33.73 kW/m2) was high due to the combustive properties compared with poultry manure(28.45 kW/m2). On the contrary, the mean heat release rate of the poultry manure is relatively low because it's mineral content is high. Thus, for the production of renewable energy, a lot of manure hydrocarbon content is expected to be recycled.

본 연구는 해결중심집단미술치료가 청소년의 사회적 문제해결능력에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 D시 S교회와 K교회에 다니는 사회적 문제해결에 어려움을 겪는 청소년 60명을 대상으로 ‘사회적 문제해결능력 검사-개정판(SPSI-R: Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised)’을 실시한 후 최종 선정된 22명의 청소년을 실험집단과 통제집단으로 무선배치하였다. 실험집단은 2013년 8월 11일부터 2013년 11월 3일까지 12주간 주 1회씩, 회기 당 100분으로 총 12회기의 해결중심집단미술치료를 실시하였다. 이에 대한 자료처리는 실험집단과 통제집단의 사전․사후 사회적 문제해결능력 점수를 반복측정 분산분석(repeated measure ANOVA)을 활용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과, 해결중심집단미술치료 프로그램은 청소년의 사회적 문제해결능력을 향상시켰다. 따라서 사회적 문제해결에 어려움을 겪는 청소년의 사회적 문제해결능력의 향상을 위해 해결중심집단미술치료가 효과적인 접근방법일 수 있다고 생각된다.

This study investigated the effects of solution-focused group art therapy on improving the social problem solving competency of adolescents. 60 adolescents attending two churches in an urban setting and having difficulty coping with their social problems were administered the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R). 22 out of the 60 adolescents were chosen to be the participants for this study and divided into an experimental group and control group. The experimental group received a 12 session solution-focused group art therapy, once a week for 12 weeks, each session about 100 minutes. The therapy program ran from August 11 to November 3, 2013. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the SPSI-R scores of the experimental group before and after the therapy program. This study found that the solution-focused group art therapy program improved the social problem solving competency of the participants. In conclusion, the findings of this study support that the solution-focused group art therapy can be a good approach to help adolescents to improve their social problem solving competency.

본 연구는 여고생의 몰입, 자기효능감, 문제해결력의 향상을 위하여 해결중심 집단미술치료를 집중 과정과 주별 과정으로 실시하여 그 효과를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 인문계 여고 1학년생들로서 '자기성장을 위한 집단미술치료 프로그램'에 자발적으로 참여한 집중 과정 15명, 주별 과정 14명과 통제집단 15명으로 구성되었다. 집중 과정과 주별 과정에게는 총 8회기로 16시간의 해결중심 집단미술치료를 실시하였다. 연구도구는 2․5․7회기에 몰입 검사, 사전, 사후, 추후에 자기효능감과 문제해결력 검사, 2․5․7회기와 추후에 척도질문 검사를 실시하였다. 통제집단에게는 사전, 사후, 추후에 자기효능감과 문제해결력 검사만을 실시하였다. 자료분석은 사전검사의 동질성 검사를 위해 일원변량분석을 실시하였고 집단과 검사시기에 따른 몰입, 자기효능감, 문제해결력 수준을 분석하기 위해 검사시기를 반복측정변인으로 하는 이원변량분석을 실시하였으며 척도점수의 변화는 그래프로 제시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 해결중심 집단미술치료는 여고생의 몰입 향상에 효과적이었고 집중 과정의 효과가 더 높았다. 둘째, 해결중심 집단미술치료는 여고생의 자기효능감 향상에 효과적이었고 집중 과정의 효과가 더 높았다. 셋째, 해결중심 집단미술치료는 여고생의 문제해결력 향상에 효과적이고 집중 과정의 효과가 더 높았다. 따라서 해결중심 집단미술치료가 여고생의 몰입, 자기효능감, 문제해결력 향상에 효과가 있으며 집중 과정의 효과가 주별 과정보다 더 높다는 결론을 내릴 수 있다.

In this study, a solution-focused group art therapy program was performed in an intensive program and a weekly program to examine the effects of the program on improving the flow, self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills of female high school students. The participants, first year students at a girl's high school were divided into three groups: 15 participating in the intensive program, 14 participating in the weekly program, and the control group of 15. A total of 8 sessions, which made 16 hours were offered to the participants in the intensive and weekly program. A flow test was administered to the participants in the programs at a second, fifth, and seventh session. A self-efficacy test and a problem-solving test were administered at a pre, post, and follow-up test. A scale instrument was administered at a second, fifth, and seventh session, and at the follow-up test. The control group received the self-efficacy and problem-solving test at the pre, post, and follow-up test. The data were computed for a one-way analysis of variance for homogeneity and two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures for the statistical analysis of inter-group and inter-test period differences in the participants' flow, self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills. The points of the scale instrument were presented on graphs. The findings of this study are as follows. First, solution-focused group art therapy was effective in improving the participants' flow: the intensive group showed higher improvement in flow. Second, solution-focused group art therapy was effective in improving the participants' self-efficacy: the intensive group showed higher improvement in self-efficacy. Third, solution-focused group art therapy was effective in improving the participants' problem-solving skills: the intensive group showed higher improvement in problem-solving skills. These findings show that solution-focused group art therapy was effective in improving the participants' flow, self-efficacy, and problem-solving skills, and that the intensive program was more effective than the weekly program.

본 연구의 목적은 학령초기 아동의 외현화 문제행동 감소와 자아존중감 향상을 위한 해결중심 집단상담 프로그램을 구성하여 그 효과를 검증하는데 있다. 연구대상은 대구광역시 소재 00초등학교 2학년 아동 12명이다. 연구대상의 선정을 위해 대구광역시 소재 00초등학교 2학년 아동 전체(177명)를 대상으로 K-CBCL(한국판 아동청소년 문제행동평가척도)을 실시하였고 이 가운데 외현화 문제행동의 경향이 높은 아동 12명을 선발하여 실험집단과 통제집단에 각각 6명씩 무작위 선정하였다. 프로그램을 실시하기 전에 두 집단의 동질성을 검증하기 위하여 각 집단의 사전검사 결과를 가지고 Mann-Whitney U 검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타나 두 집단은 동질적이라고 가정할 수 있었다. 선정된 6명의 실험집단 아동을 대상으로 매주 2회기씩 10회기로 해결중심 집단상담 프로그램을 실시하였고 통제집단에는 어떠한 처치도 하지 않았다. 해결중심 집단상담 프로그램은 해결중심상담 이론에 근거하여 관계형성 단계, 목표설정 단계, 해결책으로 이끌기 단계, 해결중심 개입하기 단계, 목표유지 단계의 5단계로 나누어 10회기로 구성하였다. 해결중심상담의 기본원리와 중심철학, 전략과 기법들을 활용하여 연구대상의 특성과 프로그램의 목표에 부합한 활동으로 구성하였다. 본 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위하여 두 집단에 외현화 문제행동과 자아존중감 검사를 사전-사후-추후로 나누어 검증하였으며 그 결과를 가지고 wilcoxon의 결합-조부호-순위 검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과 해결중심 집단상담 프로그램을 실시한 학령초기 아동의 외현화 문제행동을 유의미하게 감소되었고, 자아존중감은 유의미하게 향상되었으며 그 효과는 프로그램 종결 후 4주가 지난 시점에도 지속되었다. 이는 해결중심 집단상담 프로그램이 학령초기 아동의 외현화 문제행동 감소와 자아존중감 향상에 효과가 있음을 나타낸다.

This study aims to develop the Solution-focused Group Counseling Program for early school aged children who having high level externalizing problem and to examine the effect of program both on reducing high level externalizing problem and on improving low level self-esteem. Subjects were 12 second-grade children who showed high level externalizing problem in pre-test. They were divided in two groups, the treatment group and the control group by means of random sampling. And two groups were identified as equivalents for the study in the pre-test. The treatment group participated in the Solution-focused Group Counseling Program twice a week in five weeks. The Solution-focused Group Counseling Program was based on the solution-focused therapy. The program was consisted of ten sessions that include five phases which are building rapport, setting the goals, leading to the solutions, solution-focused intervening, keeping the goals. The instruments of measurement for the pre-post-follow up test were the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist and the Self-Esteem Inventory. The data were analyzed by Mann- Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Ranks Test. The major results of this study are as follows. The Solution-focused Group Counseling Program reduced early school aged children's high level externalizing problem. As a subordinate position, delinquent reduced. And The Solution-focused Group Counseling Program improved early school aged children's low level self-esteem. As a subordinate position, self-esteem under social peer improved. The conclusions of this study is The Solution-focused Group Counseling Program has significant effects on reducing the participants' externalizing problem and on increasing the participants' self-esteem.

쇼트클립은 디지털 네트워크 환경의 산물로서 저작권법의 보호를 받는 합리 성의 기반을 갖도록 재산 속성을 가진다. 따라서 쇼트클립이 저작권법의 보호 를 받는 합법성을 탐구하는 것은 사실상 쇼트클립이 작품으로서 저작권법의 보호를 받을 수 있는지에 대한 논의이다. 이 문제는 통상 쇼트클립 저작권 침 해 안건의 쟁점이며, 침해판정의 전제가 된다. 단지, 쇼트클립이 작품으로 인 정되는 경우에만 침해의 가능이 있는 것이다. 쇼트클립이 작품인지 아닌지는 창작성 여부에 달려 있다. 중국 학계에서는 창작성에 대해 어떤 기준을 적용할 지 논란이 있어 왔다. 현재 중국 사법에서 창작성에 대해 인정되는 일반원칙은 ‘독립 창작+지적 창작’이며, 쇼트클립은 내용, 표현 형식 등이 다르기 때문에 그 창작성에 대해 독립 창작의 조건을 따르도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. 따라 서, 일반원칙과 특수원칙이 결합된 독창적인 인정 기준의 구축은 쇼트클립 저 작권에 대한 과학적 보호를 제공할 수 있다. 중국은 동영상 작품의 적정성 여 부에 대해 ‘3단계 검출법’과 ‘4요소 기준’을 결합한 ‘4요소 기준’을 중심으로 ‘3단 계 검출법’을 보조적으로 인정하고 있다. 중국 저작권법 시행조례 제21조는 ‘3 단계 검출법’을 특별한 경우에 한정하고 작품의 정상적인 사용에 지장을 주지 않으며, 사용 중 저작권자의 이익을 합리적으로 훼손하지 않을 수 없도록 규정 하고 있다. 미국 저작권법은 목적과 성격, 사용 작품의 성격, 전체 사용 작품에 비해 사용된 부분의 양과 질, 사용 행위가 저작권 작품의 잠재적 시장이나 가 치에 미치는 영향을 네 가지 요소 기준으로 규정하고 있다. 양자 각각의 강점 과 한계가 있기 때문에, 쇼트클립 작품에 대한 보다 포괄적인 보호를 제공하기 위해, 본 문에서는 쇼트클립의 합리적인 사용 기준을 양자 결합 방식으로 인정 하도록 건의하고 있다. 또한, 보호 경로에 있어서는 쇼트클립 플랫폼 면책 규 칙의 합리적 이용; 성실 의무; 기술적 사고방법의 운용; 저작권 필터링 메커니즘의 도입; 그리고 중국 인터넷 시청각 프로그램 서비스 협회에서 공표한 “인터넷 쇼트클립 플랫폼 관리규범”을 준수해야 한다. 쇼트클립 창작자는 저작권 의식을 높이고 작품의 질을 높여 줌으로 중국 정부는 기술보호조치를 입법적 으로 보완해야 할 필요성이 있다.

As a product of digital network environment, short video has property attribute, which makes it have reasonable basis protected by copyright law. To explore the legal basis of short video protected by copyright law is actually to explore whether it can be protected as a work. This issue is the focus of copyright infringement cases of short video, and the premise of infringement determination. Infringement only happens when short video is regarded as a work. The key to determine whether short video is a work is to determine its originality. There has been a dispute over the criterion of originality identification in Chinese academic circles. At present, the general principle of originality identification in China's judicial practice is “independent creation plus intellectual creation”. Since short video varies in contents and forms of expression, special standards of originality identification should be adopted, which means that the creativity should be determined to different degrees under the premise of independent creation. Therefore, constructing a criterion of creativity identification combining both general and specific principles offers scientific protection for short video copyright. As for whether short video works can be reasonably used, China preferred to adopt a combination method of “three-step test” and “four-element standard”, among which “four-element standard” is majorly used and supplemented by “three-step test”. “Three-step test” is stipulated in Article 21 of the “Implementation Regulations of the Copyright Law” of China, which has the following statements, being restricted to special cases; not affecting normal use of the work; not harming the interests of the copyright owners in the process of use. “Four-element standard” is stipulated in the US Copyright Act, which stands for the purpose and nature of use, the nature of the work to be used, the quantity and quality of the part used compared to the whole work used, the effect of use on the potential market or value of copyrighted works. Since both of them have their own advantages and limitations, in order to provide more comprehensive protection for short video works, this paper proposed to identify the standard of short video’s fair use by combining these two methods. In addition, in terms of protection methods, short video platform should take the following measures, making fair use of the exemption rules, the “safe haven” system; executing duty of reasonable care by using technical thinking and introducing copyright filtering mechanism; following the “Network Short Video Platform Management Specification” issued by China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association; improving copyright awareness of short video creators as well as the quality of works; improving the technical protection measures in terms of legislation.

쇼트클립은 디지털 네트워크 환경의 산물로서 저작권법의 보호를 받는 합리 성의 기반을 갖도록 재산 속성을 가진다. 따라서 쇼트클립이 저작권법의 보호 를 받는 합법성을 탐구하는 것은 사실상 쇼트클립이 작품으로서 저작권법의 보호를 받을 수 있는지에 대한 논의이다. 이 문제는 통상 쇼트클립 저작권 침 해 안건의 쟁점이며, 침해판정의 전제가 된다. 단지, 쇼트클립이 작품으로 인 정되는 경우에만 침해의 가능이 있는 것이다. 쇼트클립이 작품인지 아닌지는 창작성 여부에 달려 있다. 중국 학계에서는 창작성에 대해 어떤 기준을 적용할 지 논란이 있어 왔다. 현재 중국 사법에서 창작성에 대해 인정되는 일반원칙은 ‘독립 창작+지적 창작’이며, 쇼트클립은 내용, 표현 형식 등이 다르기 때문에 그 창작성에 대해 독립 창작의 조건을 따르도록 하는 것이 바람직하다. 따라 서, 일반원칙과 특수원칙이 결합된 독창적인 인정 기준의 구축은 쇼트클립 저 작권에 대한 과학적 보호를 제공할 수 있다. 중국은 동영상 작품의 적정성 여 부에 대해 ‘3단계 검출법’과 ‘4요소 기준’을 결합한 ‘4요소 기준’을 중심으로 ‘3단 계 검출법’을 보조적으로 인정하고 있다. 중국 저작권법 시행조례 제21조는 ‘3 단계 검출법’을 특별한 경우에 한정하고 작품의 정상적인 사용에 지장을 주지 않으며, 사용 중 저작권자의 이익을 합리적으로 훼손하지 않을 수 없도록 규정 하고 있다. 미국 저작권법은 목적과 성격, 사용 작품의 성격, 전체 사용 작품에 비해 사용된 부분의 양과 질, 사용 행위가 저작권 작품의 잠재적 시장이나 가 치에 미치는 영향을 네 가지 요소 기준으로 규정하고 있다. 양자 각각의 강점 과 한계가 있기 때문에, 쇼트클립 작품에 대한 보다 포괄적인 보호를 제공하기 위해, 본문에서는 쇼트클립의 합리적인 사용 기준을 양자 결합 방식으로 인정 하도록 건의하고 있다. 또한, 보호 경로에 있어서는 쇼트클립 플랫폼 면책 규칙의 합리적 이용; 성실 의무; 기술적 사고방법의 운용; 저작권 필터링 메커니즘의 도입; 그리고 중국 인터넷 시청각 프로그램 서비스 협회에서 공표한 “인 터넷 쇼트클립 플랫폼 관리규범”을 준수해야 한다. 쇼트클립 창작자는 저작권 의식을 높이고 작품의 질을 높여 줌으로 중국 정부는 기술보호조치를 입법적 으로 보완해야 할 필요성이 있다.

As a product of digital network environment, short video has property attribute, which makes it have reasonable basis protected by copyright law. To explore the legal basis of short video protected by copyright law is actually to explore whether it can be protected as a work. This issue is the focus of copyright infringement cases of short video, and the premise of infringement determination. Infringement only happens when short video is regarded as a work. The key to determine whether short video is a work is to determine its originality. There has been a dispute over the criterion of originality identification in Chinese academic circles. At present, the general principle of originality identification in China’s judicial practice is “independent creation plus intellectual creation”. Since short video varies in contents and forms of expression, special standards of originality identification should be adopted, which means that the creativity should be determined to different degrees under the premise of independent creation. Therefore, constructing a criterion of creativity identification combining both general and specific principles offers scientific protection for short video copyright. As for whether short video works can be reasonably used, China preferred to adopt a combination method of “three-step test” and “four-element standard”, among which “four-element standard” is majorly used and supplemented by “three-step test”. “Three-step test” is stipulated in Article 21 of the “Implementation Regulations of the Copyright Law” of China, which has the following statements, being restricted to special cases; not affecting normal use of the work; not harming the interests of the copyright owners in the process of use. “Four-element standard” is stipulated in the US Copyright Act, which stands for the purpose and nature of use, the nature of the work to be used, the quantity and quality of the part used compared to the whole work used, the effect of use on the potential market or value of copyrighted works. Since both of them have their own advantages and limitations, in order to provide more comprehensive protection for short video works, this paper proposed to identify the standard of short video’s fair use by combining these two methods. In addition, in terms of protection methods, short video platform should take the following measures, making fair use of the exemption rules, the “safe haven” system; executing duty of reasonable care by using technical thinking and introducing copyright filtering mechanism; following the “Network Short Video Platform Management Specification” issued by China Network Audiovisual Program Service Association; improving copyright awareness of short video creators as well as the quality of works; improving the technical protection measures in terms of legislation.

The domestic construction industry confused a definition, role and effectiveness of the CM. Because it lacks a systematic and deep research in the introduction process. Also it lacks a sufficient benchmarking with an advanced country. Therefore if we make a solution and analyze a problem through the CM application case, the domestic CM growth will be activated. As a method of research, we investigated a limit factor of the CM activation and case of the CM application. We plan to analyze the feature, organization and range of business in the newly builded D cultural welfare hall. Then we will find a problem and present a solution for domestic settling of the CM. As a result of research, we presented a solution of problem that occurred in placing an order, contact, design, approval, permission and construction. Because the project is the showing project if it is improved and supported systematically, it will be the good management model of construction industry and be a meaningful project in the future.

Ubiquitous in the country's entire industry is playing an important role. In addition, construction management and field management in the construction industry gave the terms of the existing management a lot of changes. At the heart of ubiquitous is RFID technology. RFID is a technology that can send and receive information without contact, and a wide range of use. In the construction industry at the workforce management, the quality management, the process management, the security management, the logistics management, etc. are applied. And human resources management and safety technology already is universal. However, when you apply RFID to the construction site has caused many problems. For this reason, difficult to apply in some small and medium-sized companies. The study is that Find out the difficulties of human resources and has proposed Using RFID to offer efficient management of human resources.

The analytic hierarchy process is known as a useful tool for the group decision making methods. This tool has been area such as investment, R&D management, manufacturing, production and marketing. Typically, transportation problems have addressed by mathematical programming. In this paper, an optimal solution of transportation problem was determined by the analytic hierarchy process.

The purpose of this study is to help students selecting leisure activities with SNS(Social Network System) in k7~9 grade. Especially, students focused on SNS overly shows tendency to not spend on studies time and leisure time appropriately. These students are directly influenced by the disadvantages of SNS. This study investigates students’ leisure activities and status. And this study also suggests a design of mobile application to recommend suitable leisure activities considered with students’ money and time based on various information provided on SNS.