Earticle

이 연구의 목적은 음악치료 프로그램이 경도인지장애 노인의 기분상태 및 무력감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위한 목적으로 시행되었다. 연구는 2013년 4월 1일부터 5월 10 일까지 사전·사후 통제집단설계에 의거하여 매주 2회씩 50분간 6주에 걸쳐 총 12회기가 실 시되었다. 연구대상은 서울시 G구의 노인주간보호센터를 이용하는 경도인지장애 노인 8명 을 실험집단으로, D구의 경도인지장애 노인 8명을 통제집단으로 선정하여 음악치료를 통한 사전·사후 기분상태 검사와 무력감 검사의 점수에 어떤 변화가 있는지 분석하였다. 연구결 과, 첫째, 기분상태 변화에 있어 음악치료를 실시한 실험집단은 음악치료를 실시하지 않은 통제집단에 비해 사전-사후 기분상태 점수가 감소하여 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 둘째, 무 력감 변화에 있어 음악치료를 실시한 실험집단은 음악치료를 실시하지 않은 통제집단에 비 해 사전-사후 무력감 점수가 감소하여 통계적으로 유의미하였다. 셋째, 기분상태와 무력감 점수 간에 기분상태가 개선될수록 무력감이 감소하여 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관관계 가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 음악치료 프로그램이 경도인지장애 노인의 기분상태를 개선시키고 무력감을 감소하여 삶의 질을 향상시키는데 유용한 치료방안이 될 수 있을 것 이다.

This study was conducted to investigate what effects therapeutic music activities have on feeling conditions and helplessness of the Elderly with mild cognitive impairment. This study implemented preliminary and post control group design from April 1 to May 10, 2013. It was conducted twice a week, 50 minutes a session, and total 12 times for 6 weeks. The subjects of the study were as followed: 8 aged people with mild cognitive impairment who use day care center for the elderly in G district were selected to be an experimental group, and another 8 old people with mild cognitive impairment from D district became a control group. What changes there were in feeling conditions and helplessness of the subjects before and after music therapy were analyzed. The results of the study are following: first, in the change of feeling conditions, the experimental group which conducted therapeutic music activities was statistically significant, as its preliminary-post feeling condition scores were more reduced than that of control group which did not have therapeutic music activities. Second, in the change of helplessness, the experimental group which had therapeutic music activities was statistically significant as its preliminary-post helplessness scores were more reduced than that of control group which did not perform therapeutic music activities. Third, it was proved that, between scores of feeling conditions and helplessness, as feeling condition is improved, helplessness is reduced, so they have statistically significant positive correlation. Therefore, it is considered that therapeutic music activity improves feeling conditions and reduces helplessness of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment, so it can be a useful therapeutic method that enhances quality of life.

우리사회의 성폭력은 날이 갈수록 더욱 흉폭화, 집단화, 저연령화되어 심각한 사회문제를 야기하고 있으며, 최근 성폭력증가율은 세계1위에 이르고 있다. 그러나 성폭력피해자를 지원하는 성폭력상담소의 부족과 성폭력피해자에 대한 치료접근방법의 미흡함으로 인하여 성폭력피해자는 이중삼중의 고통을 당 하고 있다. 성폭력피해극복을 위해서는 기본적으로 심리적, 신체적, 성적 그리고 사회적영역의 통합적 서비스가 제공되어야 한다. 그러나 기존의 치료이론인 외상후스트레스 이론, 자아발달 이론, 손실이론 은 신체적, 사회적 서비스, 그리고 여성주의적 이론은 사회적 서비스가 지속적으로 제공되지 못해 이에 대한 대책이 절실하다. 본 연구는 성폭력피해자에 대한 기존의 치료이론을 고찰한 후 이들이 간과하는 한계점을 보완할 수 있는 사회복지개입방법으로서 임파워먼트 접근의 유용성을 제안하였다. 임파워먼트 접근의 핵심은 사회복지사가 성폭력피해자와 그 가족을 역량강화하여 자원접근활동 능력을 향상시키고, 통합적인 서 비스를 지속적으로 제공함으로 성폭력피해에서 완전히 벗어나 주체적인 삶을 살게 하는 데 있다. 즉, 성폭력피해자의 심리적, 신체적, 성적, 사회적인 후유증은 임파워먼트 과정에서 산출되는 자기효능감, 자기비난 감소, 집단의식 개발 그리고 개인적 책임의식을 통하여 극복될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

The sexual violence in our country is getting more and more ferocious and mob-handed and low-aged day after day. And as its result, there happen many serious social problems. Recently the increasing rate of sexual violence in our country ranks the first in the world. But the sexual violence victims are suffered doubly because of the lack of sexual violence center as well as the limitations of the cure approach for the sexual violence victims. In order to overcome the injury of the sexual violence, the integrated service in the psychological, physical, sexual and social area should basically be provided. However, as the existing cure theories such like traumatic stress Theory, self-development Theory and loss model Theory are for lack of physical and social service, and feminist Theory is for one of social service not supported continuousl), the suitable steps should be taken urgently. In this study, the usability of empowerment approach is proposed as a way to intervene social welfare which is able to cover the overlooked limitations after studying the existing cure theory for sexual violence victims. The key of empowerment approach is to improve the ability of source approach activities of the sexual violence victims and their families by strengthening the capability by social welfare worker, and to lead their life subjectively after getting out of the sexual violence injury completely by providing the integrated service continuously. It is certified that the psychological, physical, sexual and social problems and aftereffects of sexual violence victims can be overcome by the sense of self-efficacy, reducing self-accusation, developing group consciousness and the sense of personal responsibility which can be produced in the course of empowerment.

본 연구는 간호대학생이 COVID-19상황에서 임상실습만족도와 임상실습무력감이 임상수행능력에 미치는 영향을 파악하는 데 목적이 있다. 대상자는 G시에 소재한 1개 대학의 간호학과 3.4학년 263명 을 연구대상으로 하였다. 분석은 기술통계분석과 t 검증과 ANOVA, 상관관계, 다중회귀분석을 실시 하였다. 임상수행능력은 평균 3.50점, 임상실습만족도는 3.46점, 임상관련 무력감은 2.84점이였고, 임상수행능력은 대상자의 일반적 특성에 따른 임상수행능력은 학년별, 대학생활만족도, 실습동료와 의 관계, 임상실습량 만족도와 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며 대상자의 임상수행능력은 임상 실습만족도는(r=.33, p<.001), 임상관련 무력감(r=.45, p<.001)에 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었고, 임상 관련 무력감은 임상수행능력과는 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 임상수행능력에 대한 회귀분석은 통계적으로 유의하였고(F=22.12, p<.001), 설명력은 14%였다. 이상의 연구결과를 통해 본 연구는 COVID-19 상황에서 간호대학생의 임상수행능력을 향상시키기 위한 기초정보를 제시하는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of clinical practice satisfaction and clinical practice powerlessness on clinical performance ability in COVID-19 situation of nursing students. The subjects were 263 students in G city, analysis was conducted by descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The clinical performance ability according to the general characteristics of the subjects showed statistically significant differences in the clinical performance ability according to grade, university life satisfaction, relationship with the practice, Relationship with clinical practice peer, and satisfaction with clinical practice amount. The clinical performance ability of the subjects was significantly correlated with clinical practice satisfaction and clinically related clinical practice powerlessness. Clinical practice powerlessness did not show any correlation with clinical performance ability. Regression analysis on Clinical performance ability was statistically significant, and explanatory power was 14%. The results of this study are as follows: It is meaningful in that it presents basic information to improve clinical performance ability of nursing students.

온라인 플랫폼을 통한 배달, 택시, 퀵서비스, 가사서비스 등에 종사하는 지역 기반 플랫폼 노동자는 고용 계약관계의 불확실성과 고용조건의 불안정성으로 특징지어지는 고용불안으로 인해 정신건강문제에 취약하다. 이에 본 연구는 지역 기반 플랫폼 노동자의 고용 불안정이 우울에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 무력감의 매개효과 및 회복탄력성에 따른 조절된 매개효과를 분석하고, 대응방안을 찾는데 목적이 있다. 조사대상은 전국의 지역 기반 플랫폼 노동자(대리운전 기사, 퀵서비스 기사, 배달서비스 기사, 승객 운송기사, 가사 노동자) 687명이다. 분석 결과, 첫째, 무력감은고용 불안정과 우울과의 관계를 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 고용 불안정과 우울과의관계에서 무력감의 매개효과는 회복탄력성의 수준에 따라 조절되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 지역 기반 플랫폼 노동자의 우울 문제 대응을 위한 근로자지원프로그램(EAP)의도입, 무력감 예방을 위한 고용 정책의 재정비, 회복탄력성 강화를 위한 비공식적 네트워킹 활성화 등을 제언하였다.

Local-based platform workers engaged in delivery, taxi, quick service, and housekeeping services through online platforms have recently experienced worsening mental health due to severe job insecurity. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to identify the impact of employment instability on local-based platform workers depression and find countermeasures by analyzing the mediating effect of powerlessness and the moderated mediating effect of resilience. The participants of this study are 687 local-based platform workers from across the nation. As a result of the analysis, it was found that job insecurity affects depression by mediated powerlessness, and the moderated mediating effect of resilience was verified. Based on these results, it was proposed to introduce an Employee Assistance Program (EAP) to respond to depression among local-based platform workers, reorganize employment policies to prevent feelings of powerlessness, and revitalize informal networking to strengthen resilience.

Purpose: The national long-term care insurance system supports elders using home services. The purpose of this study was to examine effects of this system on powerlessness, family support and elders' health promoting behavior. Methods: Participants were 92 home care service users. The questionnaire included general characteristics, powerlessness, family support and health promoting behavior. Data analysis was conducted using t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficients with SPSS 21.0. Results: Mean score for powerlessness was 2.86, for family support, 3.52, and for health promoting lifestyle, 2.27. There was a significant difference in level of powerlessness for number of diseases. Family support had a significant difference according to education, health insurance, cost of living, and number of diseases. Health promoting behavior had a significant difference for gender, perceived health status, cost of living, and number of diseases. There was a significant relationship among powerlessness, family support and health promoting lifestyle. Conclusion: Study findings show that powerlessness in home service users is relatively high and that family support and health promoting lifestyle are low. Therefore appropriate support programs should be developed based on the health care needs of elders and families using the national long-term care insurance system home service.

Purpose: This study was done to identify the factors influencing powerlessness in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The participants in this study were 155 older adults. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire including scales for general characteristics, powerlessness, stress, depression, social support, health promotion behavior, and activity of daily living. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and stepwise multiple regression analysis with the SPSS Windows 18.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant differences in powerlessness according to age, living with spouse, living with family, education level, perceived economic status, perceived health status, and medical treatment experience. The most powerful predictor of powerlessness was depression (p<.001, R2=.577). A combination of depression, health promotion behavior, stress, social support, and current medical treatment accounted for 69.1% of the variance in powerlessness. Conclusion: The results suggest that future study needs to be done to develop and test nursing intervention programs using randomized clinical trial methods to identify interventions to relieve the powerlessness in older adults.

-The Relationship among Powerlessness, Social Supportand Life Satisfaction in the Elderly People

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate levels of stress, self-esteem, and powerlessness in Korean husbands married to foreigner wives. Methods: The subjects were 183 Korean men who were living with foreigner wives in the Gwangju, Jeonnam and Jeonnbuk areas. Data were collected from January to May 2012 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe? test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and backward multiple regression with the SPSS PC WIN version 18.0. Results: The average level of stress was 4.48, with difficulties in international marriage experienced by the subjects due to differences in language and culture. The average reported self-esteem score was 29.69, and the average powerlessness score 117.76. There were significant differences in perceived powerlessness depending on the employment statuses, income levels, and nationalities of the participants’ wives, and their perceived levels of satisfaction with living with a foreigner wife. Powerlessness was positively correlated with stress(r=.41, p<.001), and negatively correlated with self-esteem(r=-.63, p<.001). The factors affecting the perceived powerlessness included self-esteem(β=-.54, p<.001), stress(β=.28, p<.001), lower income(β=.13, p=.016), and working wife(β=.12, p=.036). Conclusion: Healthcare providers need to explore strategies to improve self-esteem and powerlessness in Korean men married to foreigner wives.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the factors contributing to death anxiety among elders through family support, ageism experience, loneliness and helplessness. Methods: The participants were 155 elders who lived in S city. The data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire in elders over age 65. In addition, their levels of death anxiety, family support, ageism experience, loneliness, helplessness and death anxiety were measured using a likert scale Data analysis using a t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis with the SPSS 20 program. Results: Significant differences were found in the levels of perceived death anxiety between the variables affecting death anxiety in elders. Pearson’s Correlation were found family support (p<.001), ageism experience (p<.001), loneliness (p<.001) and helplessness (p<.001) with death anxiety. Conclusion: It is concluded that such variables should be considered for decreasing death anxiety by family support, ageism experience, loneliness and helplessness in elders.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify an influence of self-esteem and family- support on powerlessness of hospitalized elderly patients with chronic disease. Method: The subjects were 151 hospitalized elderly patients, age over 60, with chronic disease and admitted for at least 1 week. The data were collected by individual interview using a structured questionnaire during the period from July 10th to August l0th, 2003 from three general hospitals in Busan. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, hierarchical multiple regression. Result: The level of self-esteem, family support, and powerlessness was 38.00, 38.26, and 38.38, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between self-esteem and family support and a negative correlation between self-esteem and powerlessness and between family support and powerlessness. Self-esteem and family support were each significant predictor of powerlessness. Conclusion: This study showed the hospitalized elderly patients need greater family-support and higher self-esteem to relieve the level of powerlessness. I suggest to study for replication in a larger sample size and considering the lengths of hospitalization for generalization of this study and to develop individual intervention programs for increasing family support and self esteem and testify their effects on the relief of powerlessness of the elderly.

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the effects of Individual Silverrobic Exercise on the activities of daily living, powerlessness, and self-esteem in older nursing home residents. Methods: It was used for the pretestposttest design of a nonequivalent control group. Forty-eight older residents (23 for the experimental group and 25 for the control group) were conveniently recruited from two different nursing homes in one province. The residents of the experimental group performed the Individual Silverrobic Exercise every 50 minutes day, twice a week for 12 weeks. Data were collected by using self-report questionnaires about the dependant variables, and were analyzed using x2-test and t-test with SPSS/WIN. Results: The residents who practiced the Individual Silverrobic Exercise reported significantly high levels of daily living activities (t=4.87, p=.032) and self-esteem (t=14.95, p<.001) compared with those in the control group. In addition, the level of powerlessness was significantly low in the experimental group residents compared with residents in the control group (t=4.19,p=.046). Conclusion: The study results indicate that an Individual Silverrobic Exercise has to be regularly provided to older residents in nursing homes to enhance their physical and psychological health.

본 연구는 통합예술치료가 장기요양시설거주 노인의 무력감과 생활만족도에 미치는 효과가 있는지 검증하고자 하였다. 연구대상은 장기요양시설에 거주하는 경도인지장애 노인 18명(실험 집단 9명, 통제집단 9명)을 대상으로 하였다. 통합예술치료는 실험집단을 대상으로 2018년 5월 25일부터 2018년 12월 5일까지 주 1회, 총 26회기 실시하였다. 연구도구는 무력감 척도와 생활 만족도 척도를 사용하였다. 자료분석은 실시시기와 집단에 따른 차이를 이원반복측정변량분석 방법으로 처리하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 통합예술치료가 장기요양시설거주 노인의 무력감 향상에 긍정적인 효과가 있었으며, 그 효과가 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 무력감 전체와 무력감 하위요인 중 정서적 반응, 일상활동참여, 학습참여에서 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 통합예술치료가 장기요양시설거주 노인의 생활만족도 향상에 긍정적 효과가 있 었으며, 그 효과가 지속되는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 생활만족도 전체와 생활만족도 하위요인 중 과거생활만족도, 현재생활만족도, 미래생활만족도에서 긍정적 효과가 있었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 통합예술치료는 장기요양시설거주 노인의 무력감과 생활만족도를 향상시키는데 효과적임을 알 수 있다.

This study aims to verify whether integrated art therapy is effective in improving the powerlessness and life satisfaction of the elderly in a long-term care facility. The subjects were 18 elderly people (the experiment group consisted of 9 elderly people and the control group consisted of 9 elderly people) who lived in a long-term care facility. The experiment group was subjected to one integrated art therapy sessions a week, totaling 26 integrated art therapy sessions from May 25 through December 5, 2018. The tools of analysis include the powerlessness scale and the life satisfaction scale. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA was performed on differences by time and group. The results demonstrated that integrated art therapy had a positive effect on the improvement of powerlessness in the elderly in a long-term care facility, and the effect proved to be continuous. Second, integrated art therapy had a positive effect on the improvement of life satisfaction in the elderly in a long-term care facility, and the effect proved to be continuous. The results showed integrated art therapy is effective in improving the powerlessness and life satisfaction of the elderly in a long-term care facility.

소비자들은 종종 일상생활 속에서 다양한 상황에 의해 무력감을 느끼곤 한다. 예를 들어, 사고 싶은 브랜드의 상품이 있지만 살 수 없을 때, 상사로부터 업무에 대해 지적을 받을 때, 동료와 이야기 하면서 자신의 분야에서 전문성이 떨어진다고 느낄 때 등 다양한 상황에서 소비자들은 무력감을 느낀다. 일반적으로 이러한 무력감을 느끼면, 사람들은 이러한 무력감을 보상하기 위해 자신에게 힘을 줄 수 있는 파워상징상품을 더 구매하려고 한 다는 이론과 실제 결과가 존재한다(Rucker and Galinsky 2008). 하지만, 이와는 반대로 무력감을 느낄 때, 지위 상품에 대한 투자를 줄인다는 연구결과도 있다(Kamakura and Du 2012). Rucker and Galinsky (2008)의 문헌을 통해 살펴보면, powerless일 때 지위관련상품에 WTP가 높아진다고 하는데 kamackura and du 2012의 연구에 서는 경제적 위축시(powerless) 지위상품에 대한 expenditure 낮아진다고 제시하였다. 이에 본 연구는 상반된 연구결과를 설명하기 위해 본 연구는 소비자의 무력감과 소비에 관련한 기존 문헌을 고찰하여 두 연구결과를 종합 할 수 있는 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 소비자들이 느끼는 무력감의 종류를 경제적 무력감과 사회적 무력감으로 구분하여 특히 경 제적 무력감이 보상소비 행동에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해, 연구 1은 20-50대 남녀소비자들을 대상 으로 탐색적 연구를 진행하였다. 경제적 무력감을 느끼는 상황을 통해 경제적 무력감의 원천을 구분하고, 경제 적 무력감을 느끼는 소비자들의 보상행동에 대해 살펴보았다. 연구2는 소비자들의 경제적 무력감과 사회적 무 력감을 구분하여 파워상징상품소비의 관계를 실증분석한다. 본 연구는 다음의 세 가지 측면에서 의의가 있다. 첫째, 현재까지 구분되지 않고 사용되던 무력감을 경제적 무 력감과 사회적 무력감으로 구분하여 기존의 상반되는 연구결과를 모두 설명하였다. 소비자들이 사회적 무력감 을 느낄 때는, Rucker의 연구결과와 같은 파워상징상품을 통해 보상소비를 하지만, 경제적 무력감을 느낀다면 Kamacura and Du 2012와 같이, 반드시 파워상징상품을 통해 보상소비를 하지 않는다. 둘째, 아직까지 제시되 지 않았던, 경제적 무력감의 원천을 탐색적 연구를 통해 제시하였다. 마지막으로 경제적 무력감을 해소하기 위 한 보상소비와 사회적 무력감을 해소하기 위한 보상소비가 패턴이 다를 수 있음을 실증분석을 통해 밝혀내었 다.

Consumers tend to respond to a product’s symbolic meaning. If a product symbolized a human value they have positive attitude for the product. For example, consumers have a positive attitude for the luxury brands such as Louis Vuitton because the luxury brands symbolize social status or power. Interestingly, the sales of luxury brands have increased during the period of economic difficulties. Korea Consumer Agency reported that an average consumer in Korea possesses average of 9 luxury brand products. Although national economy is going steadily downhill, the Korean luxury brands market is growing by 6% to 13%. Why are sales of such type of products (luxury brands) growing under economic recessions? Because people naturally want to control their own circumstances, losing control can cause undesirable situations which in turn sometimes lead people to experience a feeling of powerlessness. Since experiencing powerlessness is likely to cause negative emotions such as frustration, sadness, and anger, people try to come up with coping strategies to reduce the feeling of powerlessness. One of the coping strategies that people use is compensatory consumptions for power products such as luxury shoes and bags as a means of recovering and showing their power (Rucker and Galinsky 2008; Talyor 1991). Main objectives of the study are to examine how consumers show compensatory consumption behaviors when they experience economic powerlessness compare with social powerlessness. The objective of study 1 is an exploratory study to find out when consumers feel economic powerless. study 2 is to examine the relationship between the economic powerlessness and symbolic consumption. There are significant academic contributions made by the current study. The first contribution is that divided the power types; economic power and social power. Second, this study revealed the sources of economic powerlessness. Finally, there are differences of amount of expenditure when consumer feel the economic power compare with social power.

본 연구는 간호학과 4학년을 대상으로 돌봄효능감에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 시도되었다. G도 J대학 간호학과 173명을 자료수집 하였다. IBM SPSS WIN/25.0을 이용하여 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, Multiple regression을 사용하였다. 돌봄효능감은 임상실습 교육환경(r=.42, p <.001), 현장실습적응(r=.53, p <.001), 간호전문직관(r=.42, p <.001)과 상관관계, 임상실습관련 무력감(r=-46, p <.001)과 역상관관계가 있었다. 대상자의 돌봄 효능감에 가장 영향을 미치는 요인은 현장실습적응(β=.330, p <.001), 그 다음으로, 간호전문직관(β=.188, p =.005), 임 상실습 교육환경(β=.176, p =.015), 내성적(β=-.146, p =.018), 외향적(β=.134, p =.035) 순이었다. 설명력은 41.8%이었 다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 돌봄효능감 향상을 위한 체계적인 간호교육 프로그램이 필요하며, 돌봄효능감 프로그램 개발 에 도움이 되는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study was attemted to grasp the factors affecting the caring efficacy of senior nursing students. Data were collected from 173 nursing students at J university in G-do. Analysis was done using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression with IBM SPSS WIN/25.0. Caring efficacy was positively correlated with clinical learning environment (r=.42, p <.001), field practice adaptation (r=.53, p <.001), nursing professionalism (r=.42, p <.001), and negatively correlated to clinical practice powerlessness (r=-.46, p <.001). The most influential factor on the subjects’ caring efficacy was field practice adaptation (β=.330, p <.001), followed by nursing professionalism (β=.188, p =.005), clinical learning environment (β=.176, p =.015), introvert (β=-.146, p =.018), and extrovert (β=.134, p =.035). The explanatory power was 41.8%. Therefore, systematic nursing programs that can enhance caring efficacy are needed. Also, the following data can be utilized as basic data to help develop caring efficacy programs.

The purpose of this study is to provide basic material for assuring the importance of sports promotion in the aspects of ideal life and happiness by identifying the relationship between elderly’s sports participation (if they participate and how much they participate), self-efficacy and feeling of helplessness. Through data analysis with the study method and procedures presented in this study, the following conclusion has been obtained. First, after analyzing elderly’s self-efficacy of participation in sports, it was found that the group participating in sports had higher self-efficacy than the group not participating. However, their self-efficacy did not differ according to covariates such as gender, age, academic background, money (allowance) and marital status. Second, after analyzing elderly’s feeling of helplessness of participation in sports, it was found that the group participating in sports had lower feeling of helplessness than the group not participating. Their feeling of helplessness differ according to some covariates such as academic background and marital status. Third, after analyzing the causal relationship between elderly’s level of participation in sports, self-efficacy and feeling of helplessness, it was found that elderly’s level of participation in sports imposed significant influence on self-efficacy whereas, self-efficacy had an effect on feeling of helplessness. However, elderly’s level of participation in sports did not have direct influence on their feeling of helplessness. This means that level of participation in sports influences feeling of helplessness through self-efficacy. Therefore, this suggests that when explaining elderly’s feeling of helplessness, the antecedents of self-efficacy must be considered.

본 연구는 교육소외의 하위변인을 추출하여, 교육소외 실태 및 차이를 분석하고, 청소년 비행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하고자 하였다. 교육소외의 실태를 확인한 결과, 대체로 낮은 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 교육소외 하위변인은 성별, 비행경험여부에 따라 차이가 나타났다. 무력감 및 무의미감의 경우 남녀 간 통계적 유의미한 차이가 발견되지 않았으나 학교교육 및 활동에 대한 무가치는 여학생들이 더 느끼는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 사회적 고립감의 경우 남학생들이 여학생들보다 높은 평균을 보이고 있어 교육소외 하위변인별 남녀 간 차이가 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 학교교육 내 부적응의 한 형태로 나타나는 교육소외에 있어 성별에 따라 다른 접근이 필요함을 시사한다. 한편 비행경험여부에 따라 교육소외 차이를 분석한 결과, 모든 하위변인에서 비행 경험이 있는 중학생들이 교육소외를 더 느끼는 것으로 확인되었다. 교육소외가 비행 가담에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 이항로지스틱 분석을 추가로 실시하였다. 이항로지스틱 분석을 위해 인구사회학적 변인과 가정변인 및 자존감을 통제하여도 교육소외는 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히 무력감 및 무의미감과 학교교육의 무가치가 통계적으로 유의한 정적 효과를 가진 것으로 밝혀졌다. 무력감과 무의미감이 한 단위 증가할 때마다 비행 가담 확률은 90% 상승하며, 학교교육에 대한 무가치함을 한 단위 더 느낄수록 비행 가담 확률이 56% 상승하는 것으로 확인되어 교육소외 해소를 위한 방안 마련이 시급한 것을 알 수 있었다.

Using the National Youth Policy Institute Panel Study on Korean children and youth, this study investigated the sub-variables underlying educational alienation, analyzed actual status and differences, and explored the factors of educational alienation that affect adolescent delinquency. The results were as follows: The level of educational alienation was low. However, there were significant differences between gender and delinquency experience. There was no gender difference of powerlessness and meaninglessness, but female students felt more worthlessness about schooling compared to male students. In contrast, male students felt more isolation compared to female students. Accordingly, to better understand educational alienation, we should have a multilateral approach about gender. In addition, students who engaged in delinquent behaviors experienced more feelings of educational alienation. A logistic regression was conducted to explore the effect of educational alienation on delinquency. Educational alienation has a significant effect on delinquency even when demographic variables, family background and self-esteem are controlled. More interestingly, feelings of powerlessness-meaninglessness and worthlessness of schooling have a significant effect on delinquency. The predicted probability of delinquency increased by 90% on the condition that powerlessness-meaninglessness increased 1-level. Also, the chance of delinquency increased by 56% in cases where worthlessness of schooling increased 1-level. These findings show that educational alienation prevention programs are preferentially needed to help reduce delinquent behavior among youth.

본 연구는 노인들의 건강한 삶을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 여성노인들을 대상으로 무력감 정도 및 그 정도와 사회적 지지와의 관계를 조사한 것이었다. 조사는 일반가정에 거주하는 60세 이상의 여성 205명을 대상으로 2001년 여름에 실시되었다. 그들의 무력감은 비교적 높은 수준인 것으로 나타났다 (95점에서 66점 정도). 가장 믿고 신뢰하는 동거가족은 아들로 나타났으나, 무력감과의 상관관계를 보면 배우자일 때 무력감은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 사회적 지지는 비교적 높게 나타났으며 (80점에서 45점 정도), 무력감과 사회적 지지와의 상관관계에서는 자존감 지지와 감정적 지지가 높을수록 노인들의 무력감은 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 일반 가정에 거주하는 여성노인들의 사회적 지지가 무력감 감소에 중요한 요인임을 보여주고 있다. 또한 노인들의 무력감을 감소시키고 건강한 삶을 유지시키기 위해서는 감정적 지지가 중요하며, 또 자식뿐만 아니라 배우자나 그에 상응하는 사회 적 관계의 망을 형성하는 것이 중요함을 시사하고 있다.

This study aims to identify relationships between the level of powerlessness and social support for the elderly women. The participants were 205 community-dwellers who aged over 60 years. Data were collected by the face-to-face interview from summer 2001. Scores for powerlessness and social support were 66.4 out of 95 and 45.3 out of 80, respectively. The social support showed significant relations with both emotional and self-esteem support in the powerlessness. Furthermore, it was found that social support including emotional support had been the most important factor to influence on powerlessness. The findings suggested that those with social support may be more likely to have a psychosocial wellbeing in elderly women. Thus, it is necessary to assess their social support network in the context of their family, as this is a factor strongly linked to the powerlessness.