Earticle

The current study deals with the possible interplay between superconductivity and spin density wave in two band model high temperature iron based superconductor (FeBSC) Ba1-xNaxFe2As2. The electron and hole bands in the presence of the inter-band interaction between the two bands is becoming a vital issue to deal with the high temperature physics of the iron-based superconductors. In this research work, a model Hamiltonian appropriate for the system under consideration has been developed and the temperature dependent Green's function technique has been employed to get the solution for the equations of motion constructed for the two band model high temperature FeBSC Ba1-xNaxFe2As2. By making use of the decoupling procedure, the equations of motion for the dependence of superconducting transition temperature (TC) on spin density wave(SDW) order parameter (ΔSDW) in the electron intra-band (Δ𝑠𝑐(𝑒)) , hole intra-band (Δ𝑠𝑐(ℎ)) and inter-band (Δ𝑠𝑐(𝑒ℎ)) for Ba1-xNaxFe2As2 have been obtained. We have also obtained the expression for the dependence of spin density wave transition temperature(TSDW) on ΔSDW for Ba1-xNaxFe2As2. Using some plausible approximations and appropriate experimental values for the parameters in the obtained equations of motion, phase diagrams of TC versus Δ𝑠𝑐(𝑒), Δ𝑠𝑐(ℎ) and Δ𝑠𝑐(𝑒ℎ) are plotted. Furthermore, a phase diagram of TSDW versus Δ𝑆𝐷𝑊 is plotted for the material under consideration. Finally, using the above mentioned phase diagrams, the interplay between superconductivity and spin density wave in the two band model high temperature FeBSC Ba1-xNaxFe2As2 has been demonstrated to be a very distinct possibility. The agreement of the current finding with the experimental observations is quite commendable.

This study examines English Subject-Verb Inversion (SVI) which is a marked linguistic phenomenon that has been drawing great interests from a lot of linguists. A lot of research has mainly focused on one aspect of Subject-Verb Inversion such as syntax or pragmatics. However, language is a complex system which involves interplay of various linguistic factors. Hence, in this paper, we tried to provide holistic view of SVI focusing on its constraints and triggers. First of all, SVI takes place with very limited linguistic environment: syntactically, only with intransitive verbs and semantically and pragmatically, main verbs are informationally light (i.e. contains no important information). Along with these constraints, there are also triggers for SVI. Syntactic trigger is heavy NP, phonological trigger is rhythm and pragmatic triggers are Communication and Stylistic Force. Implications for teaching constraints and triggers are also discussed.

This research presents findings from two studies that examine portrayal of threat, efficacy, and uncertainty in cancer news stories, and investigate the effects of variations in a combination of news content on perceived risk, perceived efficacy, and behavioral intentions. Study 1 analyzed the content of cancer news, using a representative sample (N = 1,438) of television, newspapers, and other news media in South Korea over a five-year period. Study 2 examined the effects of exposure to a cancer news story, conducting an experiment with Korean adults (N = 717). Study 1 demonstrated that threat was more prevalent than efficacy in cancer news coverage. Uncertainty information was much less frequent, and when included, it was more about threat uncertainty than efficacy uncertainty. Study 2 showed that a high threat, high efficacy story led to higher levels of perceived efficacy and intention for preventive behaviors than did a low threat, low efficacy story. However, adding efficacy-related uncertainty nullified the beneficial effects of the high threat, high efficacy information whereas the impact of threat-related uncertainty was not significant. The theoretical and practical implications based on the results are further discussed.

While framing studies in health communication research are grounded in prospect theory, there are deviations from the original prospect theory in three major areas: (1) the conceptualization of risk as susceptibility/severity rather than certainty, (2) the presentation of outcomes of different events in gain- and loss-framed messages rather than different aspects of the same outcome, and (3) the use of participants’ ratings as outcome variables instead of participants’ choice of one option over the other. To understand the implications of these discrepancies, two randomized experiments were conducted within the context of obesity policy support. In experiment 1, participants were asked to rate their support for policies. With a framing approach consistent with prospect theory (called prospect-theory framing in this study), participants’ ratings were marginally significant but in a consistent pattern with prospect theory; however, no effect was found with the framing approach described in health communication literature (called persuasion framing in this study). In Study 2, participants were asked to choose one policy for obesity over the other, revealing a result aligning with the prospect theory predictions. These findings underscore the influence of both framing conceptualization and outcome measurement on observed framing effects.

This study investigated the dynamics of user interactions with AI agents, specifically delving into the impact of conversation types that users hold with an AI agent on self-disclosure and privacy insensitivity toward AI agents. The present study also examined the interplay of conversation types with attitudes toward the machine (i.e., perceived humanness and intimacy perception). Results exhibited that both functional and emotional conversations with AI agents were significantly associated with self-disclosure to AI agents. The more functional or emotional conversation a user made with AI agents, the more likely the user was to disclose his/her information to the devices. And, the impact of emotional conversation was found to be significantly greater than that of functional conversation. Yet, only emotional conversation was associated with AI privacy insensitivity. The more a user made emotional conversations with AI agents, the more likely the user was insensitive to privacy issues related to AI agents. Moreover, perceived humanness played a role in strengthening the relationship between functional conversation and self-disclosure, whereas emotional conversations with AI agents were more positively related to AI privacy insensitivity when users perceived the agents as human-like. Discussion and limitations were further addressed.

역사와 문학의 교차점은 새로운 이론적 통찰을 바탕으로 한 인식론적 전환을 겪고 있으며, 두 영역 간의 지속적인 유동성은 비평 담론의 새로운 장을 열고 있다. 본 연구는 오르한 파묵의 최신 소설 『내 마음의 이상한 기운』에 나타난 이스탄 불의 배경 속에서 역사적 자각의 본질과 정체성의 복잡성을 탐구하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 연구는 문화 이론가 호미 바바(Homi Bhabha)의 이론적 통찰, 특히 ‘경계성 (liminality)’과 ‘혼종성(hybridity)’의 개념을 적용한다. 이 소설은 이스탄불이라는 도시 가 주인공이 되어 상반되는 욕망들을 조화시키려는 도전 속에서, 경계적 지대(liminal zone)에서 전개된다. 연구는 또한 이스탄불의 정체성과 연결되는 터키어 용어인 ‘흐쥰 (hüzün)’에 대해서도 고찰한다. 수십 년간의 사회 정치적 혼란과 거침없는 팽창에도 불구하고, 이 서사는 이스탄불의 낡고 먼지 낀 장엄함을 부각시키며, 역사의 잔재에서 출발해 서구로부터 획득한 권위, 부, 자기 확신의 문턱까지 나아가는 과정을 담아낸다. 기독교 및 유대인 거주지의 파괴, 허술한 아파트의 무분별한 확산, 그리고 무허가 판 잣촌(게제콘두, gecekondu)의 언덕 점령 등은 도시의 풍경을 형성한다. 극좌 및 극우 의 불안정한 정치 이념들과 군사 쿠데타는 이야기 속에 자연스럽게 융합되어, 파묵이 허구의 작동 방식을 성찰할 수 있도록 한다.

The intersection of history and literature has experienced a novel epistemology of theoretical insights, and the ongoing fluidity between the two fields has resulted in new arenas of critical conversation. The study aims to investigate the nature of historical awareness and the complexities of identity within the setting of Istanbul, as presented in Orhan Pamuk’s latest novel, A Strangeness in My Mind. The work employs the theoretical insights of cultural theorist Homi Bhabha, particularly his notion of ‘liminality’ and ‘hybridity.’ The novel operates inside the realm of a liminal zone where the city of Istanbul is the protagonist faces the challenge of reconciling the contradicting inclinations. The research also examines hüzün, a Turkish term that becomes associated with the identity of Istanbul. In spite of numerous decades of socio-political turmoil and voracious expansion. The narrative amplifies Istanbul in its dilapidated and dusty splendor, progressing steadily from the remnants of history to the brink of authority, affluence, and self-assurance that it possesses acquired from the West. The destruction of Christian and Jewish neighbourhoods, the arbitrary the proliferation of dilapidated apartment buildings and the slopes occupied by unauthorized shantytowns, gecekondu, in the city. Volatile political ideologues from the extreme left and right are intertwined with military coups integrate effortlessly into the narrative, enabling Pamuk to reflect on the mechanisms of fiction.

In pursuit of the precise mechanism by which working memory (WM) functions in second language (L2) reading comprehension (RC), the current study examined whether strategy use or task difficulty influences the role of WM in L2 RC. Eighty Korean adult EFL learners participated, and their WM capacity, RC performance, and strategy use were measured. The variable of task difficulty was operationalized by the relative difficulty of texts on which RC items were based. The results showed that difference in strategy use brought about significant difference in RC performance when the readers with insufficient WM capacity had to comprehend difficult texts, whereas no such difference was found with easier texts or among L2 readers with more WM capacity. These findings not only illustrate intricate interrelationships among WM and other variables in L2 RC, but also provide a noteworthy implication for L2 reading instruction that L2 learners with deficient WM capacity could benefit from active strategy use when faced with a difficult L2 reading task. The compensatory role of strategy and the necessity of remedial strategy training for the learners with limited WM is further implicated for L2 reading classrooms.

본 논문은 2001년 중국의 WTO 가입 이후 중국 정부와 미디어산업과의 관계 를 고찰하며, 이를 위해 한국 재벌의 미디어기업인 CJ E&M을 사례로 분석한다. 일각에서는 WTO 가입 이후 일부 산업에서 취한 정책처럼 중국 정부가 미디 어산업에 유입되는 외국자본의 흐름을 더욱 원활히 하며 이에 대한 제한을 다소 완화할 것으로 예상하였지만, 중국 정부는 ‘이데올로기’와 ‘문화안전’이라는 논리 하에 미디어산업을 적극적으로 보호해오고 있다. 또한, 시장화와 집단화를 동시 에 활용하면서 미디어산업에 대한 구조조정을 단행해왔다. 중국의 WTO 가입 이 후 중국 미디어산업에는 산업 내 외국자본의 유입에 대한 제한(restrictions)이 존재하나, 외국기업은 이를 피해 합작, 합자, 미디어 경영에의 외국자본 유입, 인 수와 합병 등의 형태로 중국 미디어산업 진출을 도모하고 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 본 연구에서는 CJ E&M과 자회사인 CJ CGV의 중국 시장 진출 및 확보전략을 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 외국기업이 중국 미디어시장으 로의 외국자본 유입을 어떻게 활용하고 전략적으로 이용하는지에 대해 논의한다. 더 나아가 중국 미디어 시장에 나타난 국가-기업 관계, 국가-미디어 관계를 고찰 하고자 한다.

This article examines foreign media players in China’s media market since its World Trade Organization (WTO) accession in 2001 by using a case study of a South Korean conglomerate. Like other business sectors, increasing foreign capital interest in the media sector was expected to open the Chinese government to the inflow of capital from outside of China. Despite this expectation, however, the Chinese government continued to be not only keen on protecting its media industry by using the logic of cultural security (wenhuaanquan), but also focused on restructuring the industry by the interlocking pathways of marketization and conglomeration. This paper, in particular, explores the relations between the recent entry of a South Korean conglomerate, Chaebol into China’s media market. Chaebol refers to a distinct form of business conglomerate in South Korea that plays the important role of locomotive in South Korea’s economic development as well as having close relations with the government. Based on the Global Patterns framework, this paper will look at how CJ E&M and CJ CGV, which have recently started to set up sister companies, negotiate with the Chinese market and state after its investment in China. In addition, other foreign media players’ utilization of FDI as well as local response to that will be discussed. By employing a sociological understanding, the state-company relations, and state-media relations in the Chinese media market will be explored based on interview data.

월리스 스티븐스는 모더니스트시에서 우뚝 솟은 인물로, 영성과 신성에 대한 정교한 탐구로 유명하다. 상상력과 현실 사이의 역동적인 상호 작용으로 특징지어지는 그의 작품은 모더니스트적 감각으로 형이상학에 도전했다. 스티븐스의 시는 20세기 초 인간 경험의 복잡성과 신성에 대한 진화하는 인식에 맞선다. 스티븐스는 전통적인 종교적 패러다임을 재정의함으로써 신성에 대한 비전을 만들어내는데, 이는 매우 친밀하고 광범위한 모더니스트 시를 반영한다. 그의 시, 특히 1923년 시집 『하모니엄』은 전통적인 종교적 틀에서 급진적으로 벗어나 세속적이면서도 깊이 공명하는 신성에 대한 비전을 만들어낸다. 『하모니엄』은 모더니스트 문학의 이정표로, 스티븐스는 상상력과 현실을 교묘하게 엮어내며 빠르게 변화하는 세상의 맥락에서 영성에 대한 개념에 도전하고 재정의한다. 이 논문은 『하모니엄』에서 물질적인 것과 형이상학적인 것 사이의 복잡한 상호 작용을 조사하고, 스티븐스가 일상 속의 신성함을 어떻게 발견하는지 탐구하며, 시적 상상력의 변형적 힘을 강조한다.

Wallace Stevens, a towering figure in modernist poetry, is celebrated for his sophisticated exploration of spirituality and the sacred. His oeuvre, marked by a dynamic interplay between imagination and reality, ventured into the metaphysical with a distinctly modernist flair. Stevens’s poetry confronts the complexities of human experience and the evolving perceptions of divinity in the early 20th century. By redefining traditional religious paradigms, Stevens crafts a vision of the divine that is profoundly intimate and reflective of the broader modernist poetry. His poetry, particularly the 1923 collection Harmonium, represents a radical departure from traditional religious frameworks, crafting a secular yet deeply resonant vision of the divine. Harmonium is a landmark in modernist literature, where Stevens deftly interweaves imagination and reality, challenging and redefining notions of spirituality within the context of a rapidly changing world. This research paper interrogates the complex interplay between the material and the metaphysical in Harmonium, exploring how Stevens uncovers the sacred within the quotidian and emphasizes the transformative power of the poetic imagination.

본 연구는 자동차와 화장품 기업의 페이스북 브랜드 팬 페이지로부터 405개 게시물을 수집하여 분석하였다. 화장품과 자동차는 경험재와 탐색재의 대표 제품으로, 경쟁강도가 높은 시장에서 활발하게 SNS 커뮤니케이션 활동을 수행하는 공통점을 가지고 있다. 분석 결과, 텍스트 길이와 제품 유형 간의 주목할 만한 연관성을 발견하였다. 긴 게시물은 특히 경험재의 맥락에서 두드러지며, 텍스트 길이가 소비자 참여 행동(좋아요, 댓글 및 공유)에 미치는 긍정적인 영향이 탐색재보다 경험재에서 두드러졌다. 또한, 탐색재의 게시물에서 이미지 활용이 더 많은 것으로 관찰되었다. 더불어 본 연구에서는 이미지 개수가 소비자 참여 행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 혼재된 결과를 발견하였다. 구체적으로, ‘좋아요’에 대해서는 이미지 개수의 긍정적인 영향이 탐색재에서 두드러진 반면에, ‘댓글 과 공유’에 대해서는 이미지 개수의 긍정적인 영향이 경험재에서 두드러지는 것으로 나타 났다. 본 연구 결과는 SNS 상에서의 소비자 참여 행동을 다양하게 해석함으로써 학문적으 로 의미가 있으며, 소셜 미디어 마케팅 전략을 최적화하려는 기업에게는 실무적 시사점을 제공할 것이다.

The research analyzed a dataset comprising 405 posts from automotive and cosmetics products. The choice of them not only highlights their distinct product types (experience and search goods) but also underscores their shared characteristics, such as operating in highly competitive markets and actively engaging in SNS. The findings highlight the associations between text length and product type. Longer posts were particularly prominent in case of experience goods, and the positive impact of text length on post performance metrics(Likes, Comments, and Shares) was more pronounced for experience goods than search goods. Furthermore, a higher prevalence of images in posts is observed for search goods. However, the study uncovers mixed insights regarding the impact of image quantity on post performance metrics. Specifically, it reveals that for Likes, the positive impact of image quantity is more pronounced for search goods. Conversely, for Comments and Shares, the positive impact of image quantity is more pronounced for experience goods. These findings hold academic significance in elucidating the dynamics of online consumer engagement and offer practical insights for businesses.

In educational settings, teacher-student relationships are considered significant for their influences on students’ learning and academic lives. Interpersonal skills, social persuasion, and stroking behavior, the recognition, attention or responsiveness that one person gives another (McKenna, 1974), can promote such a relationship and affect teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. This study attempted to investigate the relationship and interaction between the frequency of strokes and the perceived selfefficacy of EFL teachers, considering their gender and level of experience. In order to collect data, 180 EFL teachers, both male and female with different years of experience, completed a booklet questionnaire consisting of demographic information, the Teacher Self-efficacy scale (Bandura, 2006; Skaalvik & Skaalvik, 2007; Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001), and the Stroking Profile (McKenna, 1974). The results of the analysis, using a Spearman rho correlation, indicated a significantly strong positive correlation between the frequency of receiving and accepting positive strokes and the participants’ self-efficacy. There was also a strong negative correlation between frequency of receiving and accepting negative strokes and self-efficacy. However, the frequency of requesting strokes and self-efficacy was weak but significant for positive strokes but non-significant for negative ones. Overall, no difference was found for teachers’ self-efficacy with regard to stroke frequency across gender and years of experience. Further, the results of a factorial ANOVA demonstrated that no interaction existed among frequency of strokes, self-efficacy, gender, and EFL teachers’ experience levels. Hence, the more EFL teachers were provided with positive strokes, the higher their sense of self-efficacy would be. The findings imply that strokes, particularly positive strokes as a source of self-efficacy for EFL teachers, should be seriously taken into account.

First, this investigation – inspired by Robinson’s (2001a, 2001b, 2003, 2011) Cognition Hypothesis and Skehan’s (1998, 2003) Trade-Off Hypothesis – intends to explore how second language writing can improve language learning through manipulating cognitive task complexity dimensions. Second, it attempts to examine if task complexity factors and cognitive learner-related variables have interaction effects on linguistic production. It focuses on planning time and intentional reasoning demands, language learning aptitude, and measures of lexical complexity, syntactic complexity, and accuracy. The participants were 226 intermediate Iranian EFL learners. In a between-subjects design, the participants were first assigned to three experimental groups randomly, each group receiving a task with different level of reasoning demands. Then, within each group, we did a stratified random sampling and assigned an equal number of learners with higher and lower aptitude levels to planned and unplanned groups. The results revealed that (a) planning time availability led to significantly more syntactic complexity, (b) increasing task complexity with regard to reasoning demands resulted in higher gains of lexical and syntactic complexity, whereas no significant effect was detected on accuracy, (c) a significant interaction effect between planning and reasoning demands was found only on accuracy, and (d) a three-way interaction among planning, reasoning demands, and language learning aptitude was observed on accuracy. Generally, the findings are discussed with regard to the predictions of the Cognition Hypothesis and the Trade-Off Hypothesis.

This experimental study compares event completion construals of change-of-state predicates in English by L1 English and L1 Korean speakers. The Incompleteness Effect (henceforth, IE) refers to the phenomenon in which the change-of-state predicates typically entailing event completion describe incomplete events. The semantic account for IE argues that IE arises only for accomplishments, leading to the division between accomplishments and achievements. IE is attested to in Korean but not in English. Given that difference, this paper is concerned with two questions: (1) whether Korean L1 speakers are aware that accomplishments are incompatible with incomplete events in English and (2) whether contextual factors other than the semantic one are relevant to IE. The results indicate that Korean speakers are insensitive to the absence of IE in English, which is best explained by L1 transfer. The results, moreover, showed that contextual factors are relevant to IE but in a selective way. Accomplishments but not achievements were influenced by contextual factors. Lastly, the results revealed there is an intricate interplay between semantic and contextual factors: the former plays a main role while the latter plays a supplementary role.

This study examines the claim that vocabulary learning and retention are dependent on a task's involvement load (i.e., need, search, evaluation), as proposed by Hulstijn and Laufer (2001a). The study aims at comparing the effects of task types and task involvement load on vocabulary retention for Korean EFL university students. More specifically, this study was designed to test whether differential levels of task involvement loads lead to equally effective results to vocabulary retention when the total involvement index being equal. Three types of productive word-focused tasks (gap-filling using a dictionary, writing original sentences, and gap-filling through word transformation) were used to examine the interplay of involvement index and task types. The result indicated that there were significant main effects of task types, test types, and proficiency levels. The results also indicated that there were significant interaction effects of task types on the retention tests, proficiency levels on the retention tests, and task types×proficiency levels on the retentions. The pedagogical implications and further research directions are discussed.

본 연구는 향상 또는 예방 목표에 초점을 맞춘 광고 메시지와 감정 상태의 적합성 일치 여부가 설득 및 행동 의도에 미치는 영향을 아동 후원 광고 상황에서 조사한다. 본 연구의 결과는 분노를 경험하는 개인은 예방에 초점을 맞춘 아동 후원 광고보다 향상 초점에 맞춘 아동 후원 광고를 더 호의적으로 평가한다는 것을 제시한다. 이러한 호의적인 광고 평가는 후원 행위에 대한 태도 및 후원 의도를 높이며, 슬픔을 경험하는 개인에게 반대 패턴이 유의하게 나타났다. 이 연구 결과는 접근 지향적 감정인 분노는 개인은 향상 초점과 연관되어 있고, 회피 지향적 감정은 슬픔은 예방에 초점을 맞춘 광고 메시지가 효과적이라는 것을 시사한다.

The objective of this current research is to account for the effects on persuasion and behavioral intention from matching emotional states and advertising messages focusing on either a promotion goal or a prevention goal. Toward this end, this research study empirically investigated the matching effect in a charity donation context. Results clearly indicate that individuals induced with anger evaluate more favorably a charity ad focused on promotion than a charity ad focused on prevention. Such favorable evaluations increase donation intentions. The reverse pattern holds true for an individuals induced with sadness. These findings suggest that anger as an approach-oriented emotion makes an individual become to be more promotion-focused while the feeling of sadness as an avoidance-oriented emotion let him or her become to be more prevention-focused.

본 연구는 청소년 학교 폭력의 가해자와 피해자는 어떠한 행동 발달적 특성을 가지고 있는지, 가해자와 피해자의 또래 상호 작용의 특성은 어떠한지, 그리고 가해자와 피해자는 또래에게 어떠한 사회적 영향을 주는지 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 초등학교 5-6학년, 677-736명의 학생을 대상으로 또래 보고를 통해 청소년의 친구 관계, 학교 폭력의 가해자와 피해자, 또래의 학업 및 사회적 행동을 측정하였다. 상관 분석을 통해 청소년의 행동 발달 특성을 살펴본 결과, 청소년의 학기 초 신체적 공격성, 관계적 공격성, 문제 행동은 청소년의 학기 말 학교 폭력 가해를 예측하였고, 청소년의 학기 초 불안 행동과 또래 비협력 행동은 청소년의 학기 말 학교 폭력 피해를 예측하였다. 이러한 특성을 통제한 후, 종단적 사회연결망 분석을 통해 가해자와 피해자의 또래 상호 작용 및 사회적 영향의 특성을 살펴본 결과, 학교 폭력의 피해자는 비슷하게 피해를 당하는 또래와 친구 관계를 맺는 특성을 보이는데, 이러한 친구 관계는 점차적으로 더 높은 수준의 또래 괴롭힘을 당할 확률을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 학교 폭력 가해자는 또래로부터 많은 친구 선택을 받아 친구로서 선호되는 경향을 보였으며, 가해자들은 친구 관계를 통해 폭력 행동을 사회화하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 청소년 학교 폭력의 발달 과정을 이해하기 위해, 청소년 또래 상호 작용의 특성을 자세히 살펴보는 것이 중요하며, 청소년의 친구 선택 및 친구를 통한 사회적 영향 과정을 종합적으로 고려해야 할 필요성을 시사한다.

The current study examined early adolescents’ behavioral characteristics, social interplay, and the social influence of bullies and victims among fifth and sixth graders in elementary schools. Participants (N=736, 52% girls at wave 1, N=677, 52% girls at wave 2) completed friend nominations and peer nominations for bullies, victims, and academic-social behaviors. The results indicated that early adolescents’ physical aggression, relational aggression, and problem behavior at the start of the semester positively predicted their bullying behavior at the end of the semester. Moreover, early adolescents’ anxious behavior and uncooperative behavior at the start of the semester positively predicted their victimization at the end of the semester. Furthermore, results of the longitudinal social network analyses indicated that bullies received many friend nominations from peers and tended to be more influenced by friends who highly bullied others. In addition, highly victimized youth tended to form friendships with highly victimized peers, and youth whose friends are highly victimized became highly victimized themselves over time. The current study underscores the importance of early adolescents’ social interactions with friends, and highlight that early adolescents’ friend selection and social influence play a crucial role in explaining the development of their bullying and victimization.

본 연구는 프로그램 맥락에서 유발된 무드와 광고의 감정모호성 간의 상호작용을 밝히고, 그에 따른 휴리스틱 기제가 어떻게 작용하는지를 알아보기 위한 것이었다. 전통적인 무드효과 연구들은 긍정적 무드와 부정적 무드의 기제가 독립적으로 작용한다고 믿지만, 본 연구는 HSM(Heuristic-Systematic Model)의 편향가설에 기초하여 무드효과에 휴리스틱 및 체계적 처리가 상호작용함을 가정한다. 본 연구는 108명의 대학생을 대상으로 프로그램을 이용한 맥락적 무드를 조작하고 그에 따른 광고효과와 생리적 각성을 측정하는 실험연구를 수행했다. 본 연구에서 독립변인은 집단 간 변인인 프로그램 무드(유쾌/불쾌)와 집단 내 변인인 광고의 감정 유인가(긍정/모호/부정), 그리고 집단 간 변인인 중간광고(유/무)와 중간광고의 시간고지(유/무) 조건이었다. 종속변인은 광고태도, 브랜드태도, 광고회상이었고, 광고 및 브랜드에 대한 친숙성과 생리적 각성은 통제변인이었다. 연구결과, 부정적 무드의 참여자들은 긍정적 무드의 참여자들에 비해 명백한 감정소구(긍정/부정)의 광고보다 모호한 감정소구의 광고에서 브랜드에 대한 긍정적 평가가 높았고(프로그램 무드와 광고감정 유인가의 유의미한 상호작용), 광고회상에서는 유쾌한 무드의 일치효과를 발견했다. 또한 중간광고의 브랜드태도에 프로그램 무드가 긍정적 영향을 주고, 회상은 중간광고의 시간고지 유무에 따라 제한적으로 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과에 대한 이론적 함의, 특히 긍정적 무드와 부정적 무드에 작용하는 처리 기제와 연구의 한계점을 논의하였다.

Drawing on HSM (Heuristic-Systematic Model)’s bias hypothesis, this study examines how the theoretical mechanism to mood effects differently affects the relationship between program-induced mood and affective ambiguity in commercial breaks, on the attitude toward brand and advertising recall. In a experiment, 108 undergraduate students evaluate advertising and brands which include three types of emotional ad appeals. Also, this study use psychophysiological measures to empirically investigate the arousal state while subjects view the TV programs. Results indicate that the proposed hypotheses receive support in that the effect of negative mood can be moderated by affective ambiguity in commercial breaks on brand attitudes. Results also show that the relationship between the positive program-induced mood and ad recall is contingent on the positive valence of advertising’s affects. Interestingly, these findings support the HSM’s bias hypothesis that suggests the interplay of heuristic and systematic processing. Additionally, our results indicate that negative program-induced mood is relatively associated with the attitude toward brands in middle-commercial breaks. Theoretical implication to advertising effectiveness literature are discussed along with disputable issues how program-induced mood affects the processing of advertising and brand.