Earticle

목적: 본 연구는 라오스와 태국산 침향의 GC-MS 기반 휘발성 성분을 분석하고, 선행연구에서 보고된 베트남 등 5개 산지 결과 와 통합하여 총 7개 산지의 성분을 바탕으로 헬스케어 및 뷰티 제품으로의 활용 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 방법: 라오스 및 태국산 침향을 각각 시료 6, 7로 설정하고, 선행연구와 동일한 조건에서 GC-MS 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 시료 1-7에서 검출 된 sesquiterpene 성분에 대해 국내외 주요 데이터베이스를 활용, 관련 in vitro 및 in vivo 문헌을 조사하여 생리활성 효과를 정 리하였다. 결과: GC-MS 분석 결과, 라오스 및 태국산 침향은 선행 연구시료(시료 1-5)와 유사하게 휘발성 유기 화합물(volatile organic compounds, VOCs), monoterpene, sesquiterpene이 검출되었다. 7개 시료 모두에서 italicene ether, epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran의 3종의 공통 sesquiterpene이 확인되었으며, 이 외 3종의 VOC가 공통적으로 검출되었다. 총 38종의 성분에 대해 157편의 문헌을 검토한 결과, 항암, 항미생물, 항염증, 중추신경계 보호, 면역조절, 대사 증후군, 근골격 보호 등 15개 분야의 활성 이 보고되었으며, 특히 염증성 사이토카인 조절을 통한 항염증 및 면역 균형 유지 기전이 가장 빈번하게 관찰되었다. 결론: 침향은 독특한 향기를 나타내는 식물성 향료로 전통적으로 설사, 구토, 천식, 류마티즘 등 치료에 활용되어 왔으며, 최근에는 면역 증진과 체력 관리 소재로 주목받고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 최초로 베트남 등 7개국 산지의 침향 휘발성 성분을 비교하고, 문헌 검토를 통해 항암, 항염증, 아토피 개선, 면역 조절 등 다양한 생리활성을 확인하였다. 특히 항염증 및 면역 조절 활성을 중심으로 한 침향 sesquiterpene이 두드러졌으며, 이러한 특성은 향후 기능성 화장품, 건강기능식품, 아로마 제품 등으로의 응용 가능성을 보여준다. 따라서 본 연구는 침향의 기능성 원료화 및 헬스케어 및 뷰티 산업 활용을 위한 후속 연구를 위한 과학적 근거를공 제한다.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive volatile chemical profile of agarwood from Laos and Thailand using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The data were compared with results previously published from five other geographic sources, enabling a robust evaluation of agarwood’s suitability for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. Methods: Volatile components of agarwood samples from Laos and Thailand (samples 6 and 7) were analyzed using the GC–MS protocols described in earlier studies. A subsequent evaluation of the sesquiterpenes identified in all seven samples was conducted using a systematic literature review of major databases, focusing on in vitro and in vivo reports of biological activity. Results: GC–MS analysis revealed that agarwood from Laos and Thailand contained volatile organic compounds (VOCs), monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes, consistent with previous reports. Across the seven samples, three common sequiterpenes–italicene ether, epi-γ-eudesmol, and α-agarofuranㅡthree shared VOCS were identified. The literature review of 38 compounds produced 157 references, categorized into 15 biological activity domains, including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, metabolic, and musculoskeletal effects. Anti-inflammatory pathways mediated by cytokine regulation were most frequently observed. Conclusion: This is the first Korean comparative analysis of the volatile components of agarwood from seven geographic regions. The integrated GC–MS and literature-based findings highlight anti-inflammatory activity as a major biological mechanism. These results provide a solid foundation for future statistical analyses and in vitro/in vivo validation of individual compounds to advance agarwood research and its medicinal and cosmetic applications.

目的: 利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对老挝和泰国沉香的挥发性化学成分进行全面分析。并将所得数据与 先前发表的来自其他五个地理区域的沉香结果进行比较，从而对沉香在医药和化妆品领域的应用潜力进行可靠 的评估。方法: 采用先前研究中描述的GC-MS方法分析了来自老挝和泰国的沉香样品(样品6和7)的挥发性成分。 随后，通过对主要数据库进行系统文献综述，重点关注体外和体内生物活性研究报告，对所有七个样品中鉴定 的倍半萜类化合物进行了评估。结果: GC-MS分析表明，老挝和泰国的沉香中含有挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)、 单萜和倍半萜，与之前的报道一致。在所有7个样品中，鉴定出3种共同的倍半萜——italicene ether, epi-γ- eudesmol, α-agarofuran——以及共同的3种VOC。对38种化合物的文献检索共获得157篇参考文献，这些参 考文献被归类为15个生物活性领域，包括抗癌、抗菌、抗炎、神经保护、免疫调节、代谢和肌肉骨骼效应。其 中，细胞因子调节介导的抗炎通路最为常见。结论: 这是韩国首次对七个地理区域的沉香挥发性成分进行比较分 析。结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术和文献资料，研究结果表明抗炎活性是沉香的主要生物学机制。这些结果为未 来开展统计分析以及对单个化合物进行体外/体内验证奠定了坚实的基础，有助于推进沉香的研究及其在医药和 化妆品领域的应用。

This study compares and analyzes inorganic components of four different Pu-erh tea species consumed in Korea. The criteria for the inorganic components was based on the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) recommendations. Out of the 19 general items: potassium, manganese, silicon and fluorine were detected in amounts exceeding the maximum allowable concentration by 5~23, 57~91, 1.6~1.8 and 9~18 times respectively. Out of the 15 potentially harmful elements: aluminum and nickel were exceeded the Maximum allowable concentration by 9~14 times and 0.8~1.2 times respectively. To reduce the concentration of inorganic elements in excess of the maximum allowable concentration, the extraction time of tea should be less than 1 minute in addition to limiting the amount. The amount of Pu-erh tea for extraction was about 0.1 g manganese, about 0.3 g potassium, about 0.5 g fluoride and about 2 g silicon. Therefore, the maximum amount of tea for extraction should be 0.1 g in regards to the safety of Pu-erh tea. Based on the recommended maximum daily intake of inorganic ingredients by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, it is desirable that the number of extractions be less than three.

본 연구에서는 청주시 청원군에 위치한 수막재배 소유역을 대상으로 2010년부터 2015년까지의 수문성분 분석을 수행하고 강수에 따른 자연 지하수 함양량의 월별 변화를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 강수량의 크기에 따라 증발산량, 지표유출량, 지하수 함양량의 비율이 다르게 나타나며 강수에 대한 각 요소의 상관성이 해마다 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 강수량 대비 연 함양률은 최소 8.3~19%까지 나타났으며 강수에 대한 함양량의 결정계수도 0.39~0.94로 변화폭이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히 2015년과 같은 갈수년의 경우 저조한 강수량으로 인해 자연 지하수 함양이 제대로 이뤄지지 않아 지하수위는 지속적으로 하강하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 수막재배지역을 대상으로 하는 특별한 지하수 개발가능량 산정방법이 도입되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

This study conducts the hydrological component analysis from 2010 to 2015 at the water curtain cultivation area in Cheongwon-gu, Cheongju-si and investigates the monthly based groundwater recharge variation. It is found that the rates of evaportranspiration, surface runoff and groundwater recharge were varied according to the total annual precipitation and their correlations were also changed annually. Annual recharge rates for annual precipitation ranged from 8.3% to 19%, and their coefficient of determination ranged from 0.39 to 0.94. Especially in 2015, when the severe drought came upon this area, the lack of groundwater recharge made groundwater level decrease consistently. Thus, it is thought that the special method of estimating exploitable groundwater in water curtain cultivation site is to be introduced.

이 연구에서는 실내 디지털 사이니지 효과를 측정하기 위한 요인들을 유형화하고, 유형화된 요인들의 비중을 측정하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해서 1단계로 디지털 사이니지와 관련한 선행 연구들에 대한 문헌 조사를 시행하였고, 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 2단계로 디지털 사이니지 전문가를 대상으로 설문 조사를 시행하여 계량적인 비중을 측정하였다. 연구결과에서 디지털 사이니지 효과 측정을 위한 1차 요인으로 상호작용성, 이용자 맥락성, 확장성, 공간성, 영상 역동성 등과 같은 5가지 요인들이 도출되었고, 이러한 1차 요인들에 포함되는 2차 요인들을 각각 4개씩 발견하여 전체 20개의 효과 평가 요인들을 도출하였다. 이러한 요인들의 중요도를 살펴보면, 이용자 맥락성이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다음으로 상호작용성, 공간성, 영상 역동성, 확장성 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과들은 이론적으로 디지털 사이니지 효과 평가를 위한 프레임을 제공할 뿐만 아니라 실무적으로 디지털 사이니지 효과 평가에 적용해 볼 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The current study conceptualize and typify the factors for measuring the effect of indoor digital signage. In addition, this study attempt to measure the weight of typified components through an analygical hierarchy process(AHP) method. To achieve these objectives, we synthesize relevant literature related to digital signage as a first step, and explicitly develop the evaluation framework, including primary and secondary components for measuring the effect of digital signage. Based on the framework, AHP method is employed to examine the evaluation model for the digital signage effectiveness, determine weights for evaluation criteria, and establish the priority ranking for the criteria. In conclusion five factors such as interactivity, user contextuality, expandability, space aesthetics, and visual dynamics are derived as primary criteria for measuring the digital signage effectiveness. Four secondary factors included in these primary criteria were found each, and a total of 20 effect evaluation factors were derived. Looking at the importance of these criteria(components), user contextuality was given the highest priority, followed by interactivity, space aesthetics, visual dynamics, and expandability. It is expected that the academic achievement of this study will not only provide a theoretical framework for the evaluation of digital signage effects, but also make the evaluation of digital signage effects a reality in practice.

For depth machining in die and mold, Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) is used generally. To make deep hole and deep shape efficiently, cemented carbide endmill for depth machining is necessary. For this purpose, cemented carbide endmill was designed using design of experiment (DOE). To improve cutting performance, endmill was coated with multilayer surface treatment, TiAlCrSiN and TiAlCrN, for higher wear resistance. In order to evaluate the endmill, Transverse Rupture Strength (TRS) test was tried for investigating the relationship between surface treatment and strength in endmill body. Scratch test was also used for measuring adhesion force of each surface treatment. To evaluate hardness of surface treatment, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) analysis was carried out. Wear test was executed for characteristics of each surface treatment in high temperature. Consequently, TiAlCrSiN was superior to the TiAlCrN coating in case of high temperature environment such as cutting.

Objectives: This study was carried out in order to analyze the composition of the leaves and stems of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai, with the aim of obtaining basic data for utilizing the plant as a food ingredient, as well as for processing. Methods: Leaves and stems from Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai were harvested at Cheongcheon-myeon, Geosan-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, and were subsequently freeze-dried and ground to a fine powder for chemical component analysis and safety evaluation. Results: The moisture contents of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai leaves and stems were respectively 65.07% and 40.97%, and the crude ash contents were 1.32% and 0.91%. In addition, the crude protein contents were 11.97% and 3.77%, and the crude fat contents were 2.52% and 0.36%, respectively. The fructose and glucose contents were 32.13 mg/g and 56.17 mg/g for leaves, and 11.38 mg/g and 10.59 mg/g for stems. The major fatty acids of the leaves were palmitic acid (31.79%) and stearic acid (14.79%), and those for stems were linolenic acid (32.78%) and palmitic acid (26.75%). The ascorbic acid contents of leaves and stems were 1.32 mg/g and 0.30 mg/g respectively. The calcium content was found to be the highest among the minerals tested, both in the leaves and stems, with the levels being 166.17 mg/100 g for leaves and 592.34 mg/100 g for stems. The content of organic acid was greater in leaves than in stems, with that of malic acid accounting for more than 75% of total organic acids for both samples. The total phenolic compounds and flavonoid contents of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai were 50.64 mg/g and 13.53 mg/g in leaves and 96.47 mg/g and 18.53 mg/g in stems, respectively. No changes were shown in the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) among 2,000 polychromatic erythrocytes compared to the negative control. Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai was administered orally to rats in order to investigate acute toxicity. The $LD_{50}$ values in rats were above 2,000 mg/kg. Conclusion: These results indicate that the leaves and stems of Abeliophyllum distichum Nakai can be used as natural ingredients in the development of nutritional and functional materials.

본 연구는 유역별로 홍수 피해에 영향을 미치는 항목을 정량적이고 효과적으로 평가하는데 목표를 두었다. 수자원장기종합계 획(MOCT, 2001)에서는 홍수 취약성을 나타내는 홍수피해잠재능(Potential Flood Damage, PFD)을 개발하였지만 단순한 그룹화에 그치고 있으며 각 항목에 대한 세밀한 평가를 바탕으로 치수 계획에 대한 지침을 제시하지 못하고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한강 유역에 대상으로 수자원장기종합계획에서 적용한 방법(기존 방법)과 실제 홍수위험지역 및 자료에 기반한 개선(안)에 따른 홍수피해잠재능을 이용하여 다년도(2009~2014년) 분석을 수행한 후, 현재 방식의 그룹화가 아닌 잠재성 및 위험성을 구성하는 세부 항목의 경향성(변화 추이)에 주목하여 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과, 기존 및 개선(안)에 대한 정확한 평가를 할 수 있었으며, 그에 따라 취약 순위를 도출할 수 있었지만 기존 방법은 실제 유역 경향과는 상이한 결과가 도출되었다. 따라서, 유역내의 홍수취약성 세부 항목 평가를 위해서는 과거 이력과 유역 특성을 제대로 반영한 개선(안)의 홍수피해잠재능이 보다 더 타당한 것으로 판단되며, 이를 참고한 치수 계획을 수립하여 홍수 피해를 사전에 방지하는 것이 합리적이라 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively and effectively evaluate the factors affecting flood damage by watershed. National Water Resource Plan(MOCT, 2001) has been developed Potential Flood Damage(PFD) which indicates flood vulnerability. But, it is only a simple grouping and it does not provide guidelines for flood control planning based on detailed evaluation of sub-components. In this study, we used PFD in the Han River basin according to the method applied in the National Water Resource Plan (existing method) and improvement based on actual flood hazard area and data. As an application method, after analyzing by yearly change(2009~2014), we compared and analyzed the tendency of the sub - components that constitute the potential and risk rather than the current grouping. As the result, it was possible to accurately evaluate the existing and improved methods, and it was possible to derive the vulnerability rankings, but the existing methods have different results from the actual watershed tendency. Therefore, the PFD of the improvement method that correctly reflects past history and watershed characteristics is more appropriate for the evaluation of flood vulnerability in the watershed. In addition, it is reasonable to establish a flood control plan referring to this and prevent flood damage in advance.

본 연구는 창의융합인재 선발을 위한 인성교육 및 인성평가의 요소를 탐색하기 위해 예비대학생을 대상으 로 한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 초중등 교육과정에서 타인배려, 대인관계능력, 정직성 관련 인성교육 프로 그램이 가장 높은 빈도로 운영되고 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 인성교육 프로그램 효과 및 중요도에 대해 대인관 계능력, 타인배려, 성실성 순으로 프로그램 효과가 높으며 중요하게 인식하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성별에 따른 인식의 차이를 비교한 결과, 대학생을 대상으로 하는 인성교육의 필요성과 대입 전형에서 인성이 평가요소로 반영 될 필요성에 대한 인식에서는 성별에 따른 차이가 유의하게 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 중·고등학교의 인성 교육과정과 대학 입학전형 제도 개선을 위한 정책 제언을 제시하였다.

This study aimed to examine character evaluation criteria and components for selecting creative convergent talents in college admissions. In this study, pre-college students’ perceptions were surveyed on various issues related to character education and evaluation implemented in K-12 school system. It was found that the character education programs intended to enhance students’ care for others, interpersonal skills, and honesty were most actively operated within the secondary educational systems. The results of the study also indicated that the programs for fostering interpersonal skills, care for others, and sincerity were perceived as the most effective programs. Based on the results of the study, we discussed ways to improve the quality of character education programs operated in school curriculum and to improve the credibility of character evaluation in the college admission process.

본 연구는 NCS '문헌정보관리' 직무 구성요소인 능력단위 및 능력단위요소의 중요도 및 활용도를 평가하고 분석함으로써, NCS '문헌정보관리' 직무를 도서관 실무에 적용했을 때 현장 사서들이 실질적으로 중요하게 생각하고 우선적으로 요구하는 구성요소들을 도출하고자 수행되었다. 첫째, NCS '문헌정보관리' 직무의 구성요소(능력단위)에 대한 중요도 및 활용도를 평가한 결과, '이용자 정보서비스', '독서문화 프로그램 운영' 능력단위는 중요도와 활용도가 동시에 높게 나타났고, '문헌정보 실무 연구수행', '문헌정보 큐레이션', '문헌정보시스템 운영' 능력단위는 중요도와 활용도가 낮게 나타났다. 둘째, 직무 구성요소(능력단위)에 대한 Borich 요구도 분석 결과, '독서문화 프로그램 운영', '이용자 정보서비스', '문헌정보수집' 순으로 높게 나타났고, '문헌정보 큐레이션', '문헌정보시스템 운영', '문헌정보 실무 연구수행' 구성요소는 바람직한 수준과 현재 수준이 공통적으로 낮게 나타나고 있어 요구도가 낮은 것으로 파악되었다. 셋째, The Locus for Focus 모델을 활용한 직무 구성요소(능력단위)의 우선순위 분석결과, '독서문화 프로그램 운영', '이용자 정보서비스', '문헌정보수집', '문헌정보 서비스 마케팅', '문헌정보 보존', '문헌정보 이용분석'의 6개 능력단위가 최우선순위 구성요소로 도출되었다.

This study was performed in order to derive components that librarians think preferentially necessary and realistically important when applying the NCS 'Library and Information Administration's duty' to the library working environments. It was possible by evaluating and analyzing the importance and utilization of ability unit and its element which are the components of NCS 'Library and Information Administration's duty'. First, ability units of 'User Information Services', 'Reading and Culture Programs' were higher in importance and utilization at the same time. Ability units of 'Library and Information Practical Research Perform', 'Library and Information Curation', 'Library and Information System Operation' were lower in importance and utilization when we evaluate the importance and utilization of ability unit and its element which are the components of NCS 'Library and Information Administration's duty'. Second, components of 'Reading and Culture Programs', 'User Information Service', 'Library and Information Collection' were higher in the order, and components of 'Library and Information Curation', 'Library and Information System Operation', 'Library and Information Practical Research Perform' were found lower in demands as the desirable level and the current level appear less common when we analyzed the demands on the duty components utilizing Borich requirements analysis model. Third, six ability units of 'Reading and Culture Programs', 'User Information Services', 'Library and Information Collection', 'Library and Information Services Marketing', 'Library and Information Preservation', 'Library and Information Use Analysis' were derived as priority components when we analyzed the priority of the duty component (ability unit) utilizing The Locus for Focus model.

본 연구는 국민의 인식에 기초한 정책브랜드 자산의 구성요소를 제안하고구성요소 간 구조적 연관성을 조사하여 자산 평가 모델에 대한 이론적 체계를수립하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 기업/제품 브랜드 자산 평가 모형을 통해 정책브랜드 자산 구성요소의 차원과 순차적 이론적 프레임을 도출하였으며, 기존의 정책 평가에 활용된 변인에 대한 종합적 분석을 실시하여 정책브랜드 자산 평가를 위한 하위 구성요소를 도출하였다. 정책브랜드 자산모형의 구성요소를 크게 인지적 자산(정책브랜드 소통인지 자산), 기능적 자산(지각된 속성, 지각된 혜택), 감성적 자산(정책브랜드 이미지), 행동적 자산(정책브랜드 충성도)로 구분하였다. 정책브랜드 자산의 구성차원과 측정문항의 확증과 정책브랜드 자산 구성차원들 간의 인과적 모형을 검증하기 위해 중앙정부의 정책과서울시 정책을 각각 3개씩 선정하여 총 6개의 정책브랜드에 대하여 일반 국민20~50대 624명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 분석결과 정책브랜드구성차원에 따른 하위 구성 차원을 확정하고, 각 구성 차원에 따른 신뢰도와타당도를 확보한 측정문항을 도출하였다. 이후, 정책브랜드 자산 구성요소들간의 구조적 관계를 파악하기 위한 경로분석 결과, 정책브랜드 자산은 소통인지 – 지각된 속성 – 지각된 혜택 – 정책브랜드 이미지 – 정책브랜드 충성도의단계로 형성되었다. 위와 같은 연구결과는 정책브랜드에 대한 학술적 단초를마련하였으며 중장기적 관리에 대한 전략적 시사점을 제공하고, 효율적 관리를 위한 자산 측정 및 관리의 방향성을 제시한 점에서 의미가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to propose the components of policy brand equity based on the public perception and to establish the theoretical framework of the policy brand equity model by investigating the structural linkage among components. This study derive the dimension and sequential theoretical frame of the policy brand equity components through the corporate brand equity model and derive the sub-components for the policy brand equity valuation by performing a comprehensive analysis on the variables used in the existing policy evaluation. The components of the policy brand equity model are largely divided into cognitive equity(policy brand communicaiotn/awareness), functional equity(perceived features, perceived benefits), emotional equity(policy brand image), and behavioral equity(policy brand loyalty). In order to verify the causal model between constructive dimension of policy brand assets and constructive dimension of policy brand assets, survey was conducted on 624 people from 20s to 50s for six central government policies and Seoul city policies. As a result, the reliability and validity of the components of policy brand equity were measured. As a result of path analysis to identify the structural relationship between the policy brand asset equity components, the policy brand equity was formed as a step of policy brand communication/awareness - perceived features - perceived benefits - policy brand image - policy brand loyalty. This study is meaningful in that it provided the academic basis for the policy brand and the strategic implications for long=term policy brand management.

In this study, the shape evaluation and design of clamp mount for SUVs (sports utility vehicles) was dealt with through structural analysis. The clamp mount analysis was performed to evaluate stiffness, strength and improvement plans for appropriate shape were found and reflected in the design. In addition, strength analysis and was performed in parallel to solve the problem of rib design around the edge part of the clamp mount and the thickness effect results were reflected in the design. As a result of analysis through various design changes, it was possible to present an appropriate reinforcement design shape. In addition, when the thickness of the fuel tank was changed from 3.2mm to 4.0mm, the stiffness of the fuel tank decreased by approximately 30%, and reinforcement was required.

In this study, the shape evaluation and design of the spare tire carrier for SUV (sports utility vehicle) were addressed through structural analysis. Spare Tire Carrier analysis was conducted to evaluate rigidity, and strength and improvement measures for appropriate shapes were found and reflected in the design. Through structural analysis of the spare tire carrier, this study was conducted to derive an optimal design plan as the stiffness and strength needed to be increased for stable installation of the spare tire carrier. Compared to the existing model, the bar, which was curved, was changed to a straight line to shorten the length, thereby increasing rigidity. In addition, because the moment was concentrated in the structure of the rear hanger mounting bracket, the side part of the bracket was extended, but the cross member stiffness was relatively weak, so it did not have a significant effect.

본 연구에서는 전라남도 농촌지역의 주요 한옥마을에 보급된 현대생활한옥에 대해 일반인과 건축사를 대상으로 현대생활한옥의 외부형태에 대한 시지각적 구성요소를 파악한 후 이들 중 그 변화양상이 다양하게 나타나고 있는 주요 시지각 구성요소들의 활용에 대한 인식을 평가하여 현대생활한옥의 정체성 유지할 수 있는 적용방향성 모색을 위해 연구를 진행하였다. 그 결과 한옥의 5대 시지각 구성요소들에 대한 한옥이미지의 상대적 강도의 조사결과 일반인 집단은 지붕, 기와, 벽체, 출입방식/창문 등의 순으로 조사되었으며, 전문가 집단은 지붕, 기와/벽체, 창문, 출입방식의 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 한옥 외관 구성요소별로 살펴보면 지붕형태는 우진각지붕, 팔작지붕(목재합각), 팔작지붕(회벽합각), 기와는 한식토기와의 한식그을림기와, 벽체는 회벽, 황토미장, 회벽+황토미장, 창호는 외부가 목재창으로 창살과 창호지 또는 유리의 구성으로 이루어진 창문들의 한옥이미지강도가 높은 것으로 연구되었다.

This study examined visual perception components of external structures of modern Hanok at rural areas of Jeollanam-do province with general public and architects, evaluated their recognition of using major visual perception components that show a variety of changes among those components and sought the direction of applicability to maintain identity of modern Hanok. As a result of examining relative intensity of Hanok image of five visual perception components Hanok has, general groups focused on roof, tile, wall structure, and entrance/window and professional group on roof, tile/wall structure, window and entrance. According to external components of Hanok, it was found that image intensity of Hanok was higher in Ujingak roof and Paljak roof (wooden) for roof type, in Korean style blackened tile for tile, plastered wall, in plastering by yellow soil, and plastered wall + plastering by yellow soil for wall structure, and in window with wood or glass for windows.

이 연구는 한국어 학습자의 말하기 화용 능력 평가를 위한 평가의 구인을 마련하고, 이 구인을 토대로 화용 능력 평가의 도구를 개발하기위한 기초 자료를 제공하는 데에 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 화행을대상으로 삼았고, 선행 연구를 통해 화용 능력 평가의 예비 구인을 ‘맥락 요인, 화행의 구조, 화행의 전략, 화용적 어조’로 구성하였다. 수정된 화용 능력 평가의 구인은 크게 ‘문화적 요인, 언어적 요인’으로 나누어 구성하였고, 문화적 요인은 ‘관계적 요소, 사회적 요소’로 나누었다. 그리고 언어적 요인은 ‘구성적 요소, 표현적 요소’로 나누어 구성하였다. 이에 대해 ‘사회적 요소’를 제외한 다른 구인은 모두 CVR지수가 0.8이상으로 전문가의 합의가 이루어졌다.

The purpose of this study is to establish evaluation components to assess the spoken pragmatic competence of Korean learners. For this purpose, speech acts were targeted, and through previous research, the preliminary components for evaluating speech act ability were composed of ‘contextual factors,’ ‘speech act structure,’ ‘speech act strategy,’ and ‘pragmatic tone.’ The constructs of the revised pragmatic ability assessment can be broadly divided into ‘cultural factors’ and ‘linguistic factors,’ with cultural factors further divided into ‘relational factors’ and ‘social factors.’ Linguistic elements were divided into ‘structural elements’ and ‘expressive elements.’ Experts agreed that the CVR index of all constructs except ‘social factors’ was above 0.8.

본 연구는 소비자기반 브랜드자산(customer based brand equity) 관점에서 국가브랜드 자산의 기반 요소 및 구성요소를 제안하고 기반 요소 및 구성요소간의 구조적 연관성을 조사하여 자산 평가 모델에 대한 이론적 체계를 수립하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 기업/제품 브랜드 자산 평가 모형을 통해 국가 브랜드 자산 모형의 이론적 연계가능성을 고찰하여 국가브랜드 자산 구성요소들 간의 순차성의 이론적 프레임을 도출하였다. 또한 국가 브랜드 평가모형 및 국가경쟁력 평가모형에 대한 종합적 분석을 실시하여 국가 브랜드 자산 평가를 위한 하위 구성요소들을 도출하고 이들 간의 인과관계를 설정하기 위해, 국가 브랜드 자산모형의 구성요소를 크게 인지도(Awareness), 기능적 평가(Performance), 감성적 평가(Emotional Affinity), 충성도(Loyalty)로 구분하였다. 국가브랜드 자산의 구성차원과 측정문항의 확증과 국가브랜드 자산 구성차원들 간의 가설적 인과모형을 검증하기 위해서 해외 6개 국가를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 분석결과 각각의 국가브랜드 구성차원에 따른 하위 구성 차원을 확정하고, 각 구성 차원에 따른 신뢰도와 타탕도를 확보한 측정문항을 도출하였다. 이후, 국가 브랜드 자산 구성요소들 간의 구조적 관계를 파악하기 위한 경로분석을 실시한 결과, 국가 브랜드 자산은 인지도 → 기능적 평가 →감성적 평가 → 충성도의 단계로 형성되었다. 위와 같은 연구결과는 국가 브랜드 가치 강화를 위해서는 전략적이고 체계적인 국가브랜드 구성차원들의 관리에 대한 전략적 시사점을 제공하고, 또한 국가 브랜드의 효율적 관리를 위한 정확한 국가 브랜드 자산 측정 및 관리의 방향성을 제시한 점에서 의미가 있다. 추가적으로 다양한 연구결과에 대한 함의를 도출하였다.

This study looked over the overall framework of nation brand equity as well as its structural connectedness from the customer-based perspective. In so doing, this study reviewed a variety of studies and researches related to nation brand index and nation competitiveness. From the miniature survey involving 300 students as respondents, the study figured out a very conceptual model of nation brand equity. Brand awareness, brand performance, emotional affinity and loyalty turned out to constitute this model. Brand awareness was measured by asking how familiar the people will be in regard with the nation. Brand performance was analyzed by the sub variables such as the high technology, society/citizens, politics, tradition, history and nature etc. Emotional affinity consists of emotion, reputation, and personality, among which personality variable was later excluded due to its methodological discrepancy and analytical fallacy. Loyalty was measured only by such variables as nation as country-of-origin, and tour site primarily in terms of the behavioral factors such as the visit and the purchase. These four components of nation brand equity was remeasured and reaffirmed by the confirmatory factory analysis, culminating in securely identifying their convergent validity. Some issues and significances related to the role and relations among these components were discussed.

본 연구는 국내 무용 감상·평가·비평 관련 학술논문을 체계적으로 고찰하고 질적 내용분석을 실시하여 무용 감상·평가 준거의 구성요소를 도출하고 체계화하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 RISS와 KCI에서 2025년 12월까지 출판된 국내 학술논문을 검색하였으며, 문헌 선정과정은 PRISMA 2020 지침에 따라 기술하였다. 확인된 1,213편 중 중복 제거 후 798편, 주제 관련성에 따른 선별 후 67편이 남았으며, 포함·제외기준을 적용하여 선정한 34편의 전문을 검토한 결과, 최종적으로 29편을 분석에 포함하였다. 포함된 연구에서 430개의 의미단위를 추출하여 원문 인용문과 연결하고 초기코드를 부여하였다. 의미단위는 9개의 기능적 코드군(C01-C09)으로 분류되었으며, 반복적인 비교와 정련을 거쳐 8개의 최종 통합범주가 도출되었다. 원저자가 제시한 구성요소, 연구자 통합용어, 상위범주 간의 정합성을 논문별로 교차 점검하였다. 분석 결과, 8개의 통합범주는 다음과 같다. (1) 감상 준비·태도·역량(45개, 10.5%), (2) 지각·관찰·묘사(29개, 6.7%), (3) 형식·구조·공연요소 분석(124개, 28.8%), (4) 맥락적 이해(32개, 7.4%), (5) 의미 해석·구성(70개, 16.3%), (6) 정서 반응·미적 경험(25개, 5.8%), (7) 가치평가·판단(70개, 16.3%), (8)소통·비평 수행·성찰(35개, 8.1%)이다. 이 가운데 형식·구조·공연요소 분석이 분석대상 선행연구에서 가장 빈번하게 나타났다. 8개 범주는 분석적으로 구별되지만, 감상·평가 과정에서는 순차적으로 또는 병렬적으로 작동할 수 있으며, 반복과 상호작용을 통해 서로 영향을 주고받을 수 있다. 본 연구에서 도출한 준거 체계는 무용 감상교육과 평가 준거 개발을 위한 개념적 기초를 제공한다.

Objectives This study aimed to identify and systematize the components of criteria for dance appreciation and evaluation through a systematic review and qualitative content analysis of Korean scholarly literature on dance appreciation, evaluation, and criticism. Methods Searches were conducted in RISS and KCI, and the review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 statement. Of the 1,213 records identified, 798 remained after deduplication and 67 after topical screening; 34 reports underwent full-text assessment, resulting in 29 included studies. From these studies, 430 meaning units were extracted, linked to source quotations, and assigned initial codes. The units were classified into nine functional code groups (C01–C09) and synthesized into eight final integrated categories through iterative comparison and refinement. Study-level cross-checking was conducted across the original authors’ components, researcher-integrated terms, and higher-order categories. Results Eight integrated categories were identified: (1) readiness, attitudes, and competencies for appreciation (45 units, 10.5%); (2) perception, observation, and description (29 units, 6.7%); (3) analysis of form, structure, and performance elements (124 units, 28.8%); (4) contextual understanding (32 units, 7.4%); (5) interpretation and construction of meaning (70 units, 16.3%); (6) emotional responses and aesthetic experiences (25 units, 5.8%); (7) evaluative judgment (70 units, 16.3%); and (8) communication, critical engagement, and reflection (35 units, 8.1%). The analysis of form, structure, and performance elements accounted for the largest proportion of coded meaning units. Conclusions Although analytically distinct, the eight categories may operate sequentially or in parallel and may influence one another through repetition and interaction.

Damping and sound absorption not only reduce environmental pollution caused by vibration and noise, but also improves processing accuracy, resolution of precision measuring instruments and fatigue life of machine parts in various precision machines. The vibration-damping plate is largely divided into a constrained type in which the resin is confined by a plate and a non-constrained type in which a plate is made of a polymer material mainly composed of polymer. The external vibration energy is absorbed by the thermal energy required for friction, stretching and compression of resin, so that the noise and vibration generated by resonance are reduced. The vibration damping ability of the sandwich plate produced in this study was found to be somewhat superior, which may be due to the difference in adhesive force during the manufacture of the sandwich plate. In the experimental results, it was confirmed that the sandwich plate material is superior to the vibration damping ability than the 5182 aluminum single plate material, it can be seen that the sandwich plate is effective for vibration damping of the aluminum alloy plate material.

본 연구는 국내 자생 배초향(Agastache rugosa)의 정유 및 하이드로졸을 수증기 증류로 추출하여, 고체상 미세추출(SPME)법을 적용한 가스크로마토그래피 질량분석법(GC-MS) 휘발성 향기 성분 분석과 항균 및 소취 효과 평가를 통해 천연 항균·소취 소재로서의 상업적 효용 가능성을 검토하였다. 향기 성분 분석 결과 정유와 하이드로졸 모두 항균 및 소취에 효과적인 테르펜 계열인 풀레곤(pulegone)이 주요 성분으로 확인되었다. 기능성 평가 결과, 배초향 정유와 하이드로졸은 황색포도상구균, 폐렴구균, 대장균에 대해 18시간 처리 시 모두 생균 수가 <20 CFU/mL로 감소하여 log 4.8–5.6 감소, 99.9% 이상의 정균 감소율을 나타냈다. 또한 소취 시험에서는 하이드로졸이 암모니아 65.8%, 트리메틸 아민 94.5%, 포름알데히드 99.8% 초과의 제거율을 보여 정유 대비 더 안정적이고 광범위한 악취 저감 효과를 확인하였다. 연구 결과는 배초향 정유보다 배초향 하이드로졸이 인체와 환경에 안전한 천연 항균·소취제로서 산업적 활용 가치가 높음을 시사하며, 국내 자생 식물자원의 고부가가치화와 친환경 바이오 소재개발에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

This study evaluated the functional properties of Agastache rugosa essential oil and hydrosol as natural antimicrobial and deodorizing agents. Samples were obtained through steam distillation and analyzed for volatile constituents using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Pulegone was identified as a key terpene component in both extracts. Antibacterial testing showed that exposure to the extracts reduced viable counts of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli to <20 CFU/mL after 18 hours, corresponding to log reductions of 4.8–5.6 and bactericidal rates exceeding 99.9%. Deodorization assays revealed that the hydrosol achieved removal efficiencies of 65.8% for ammonia, 94.5% for trimethylamine, and over 99.8% for formaldehyde, indicating superior and more stable odor-neutralizing performance compared with the essential oil. These findings highlight the potential of A. rugosa hydrosol as a safe, eco-friendly bio-based material with strong applicability in antibacterial and deodorizing formulations.

The purpose of this study is to propose directions for the development of Korean language proficiency assessment tools based on the analysis of instructor needs for such tools. In conducting this study, the needs of a subject group of 257 domestic and overseas instructors were observed regarding the language proficiency evaluation system and evaluation components of the current TOPIK. According to the results of the study, instructors considered the TOPIK, for the most part, to be an adequate tool for language proficiency assessment. However, the study results also showed that, regarding the TOPIK I, instructors found the lack of a writing section to be an issue. As for the TOPIK II, results showed that instructors found the reading section too difficult and the allocated time for the writing section to be somewhat short. When asked about the development of proficiency assessment, the majority of instructors emphasized the need for the development of new tools that would be appropriate for a new type of assessment. They also expressed that proficiency assessment should be applied for each of the four evaluation areas - speaking, listening, reading, and writing - and that the evaluation system should be divided into intermediate and advanced levels to take difficulty into consideration. Lastly, instructors mentioned that test results should show performance rankings and scores for each of the four aforementioned language evaluation areas. Based on the results outlined above, this study proposes the following directions for the development of Korean language proficiency assessment tools: first, adequate evaluation tools should be developed for the purpose of language proficiency assessment; second, all four language evaluation areas should be included from the beginner level; third, the evaluation system should take difficulty and practicality into consideration by providing two separate tests, one for the beginner and intermediate levels, one for the advanced level; fourth, evaluation components such as allotted question times, number of questions, difficulty, and answer choices, should be similar to that of existing evaluation method, with slight adjustments made to the difficulty of reading and allotted time of writing for the advanced level; fifth, the assessment results should offer performance rankings and scores for each of the four language evaluation areas.