Earticle

With the development in the research in language education, there has been a continued interest in the error patterns exhibited by non-mother tongue learners of Korean. In the process it has been discovered that one major difference between mother tongue and non-mother tongue learners in the interpretation of concrete noun+ha- verb construction was false analogy. It’s important to note that this false analogy is due to the incorrect way the relevant vocabulary is presented in the textbooks for foreigners. This paper is a computational analysis of Korean verbs in which Noun+ha- is the analytical focus. I compare the ratio of the total number of verbs vis-à-vis Noun+ha- type verbs, and the ratio of Noun+ha- verbs vis-à-vis concrete noun+ha- compound verbs in 42 textbooks of beginning and intermediate levels that are currently in use in 10 institutions teaching Korean to non-mother tongue. I examine the extent of inclusion of concrete noun+haverbs as a function of levels, and compute the ratio of new and recurring words both in the main text and exercises as an index of the text’s level of difficulty. Following inferences can be drawn from the analysis: Texts with a greater frequency of Noun+ha- verbs have more Sino-Korean vocabulary; the degree of difficulty is higher if the text contains more N+ha- verbs than the Copula or Adjective construction and descriptive sentences. One important finding is that in most texts there was no systematic link between the Nouns+ha- verb and the concrete noun+ha- verbs. In conclusion I argue that it is necessary to teach the multiple functions of ha-verbs, and that it is imperative to teach more systematically and consistently the relation between the predicate noun+ha- type verbs and the concrete noun+hacompound type verbs.

A shunt from the left ventricle to the left anterior descending artery is being developed for coronary artery occlusive disease, in which the shunt or conduit connects the the left ventricle (LV) with the diseased artery directly at a point distal to the obstruction. To aid in assessing and optimizing its benefit, a computational model of the cardiovascular system was developed and used to explore various design conditions. Computational fluid dynamic analysis for the shunt hemodynamics was also done using a commercial finite element package. Simulation results indicate that in complete left anterior descending artery (LAD) occlusion, flow can be returned to approximately 65% of normal, if the conduit resistance is equal for forward and reverse flow. The net coronary flow can increase to 80% when the backflow resistance is infinite. The increases in flow rate produced by asymmetric flow resistance are enhanced considerably for a partial LAD obstruction, since the primary effect of resistance asymmetry is to prevent leakage back into the ventricle during diastole. Increased arterial compliance has little effect on net flow with a symmetric shunt, but considerably augments it when the resistance is asymmetric. The computational results suggest that an LV-LAD conduit will be beneficial when the resistance due to artery stenosis exceeds 27 PRU, if the resistance is symmetric. Fluid dynamic simulations for the shunt flow show that a recirculating region generated near the junction of the coronary artery with the bypass shunt. The secondary flow is induced at the cutting plane perpendicular to the axis direction and it is in the attenuated of coronary artery.

Genetic algorithm (GA), which has a powerful searching ability and is comparatively easy to use and also to apply, is in the spotlight in the field of the optimization for mechanical systems these days. However, it also contains some problems of slow convergence and low efficiency caused by a huge amount of repetitive computation. To improve the processing efficiency of repetitive computation, some papers have proposed paralleled GA these days. There are some cases that mention the use of gray code or suggest using gray code partially in GA to raise its slow convergence. Gray code is an encoding of numbers so that adjacent numbers have a single digit differing by 1. A binary gray code with n digits corresponds to a hamiltonian path on an n-dimensional hypercube (including direction reversals). The term gray code is open used to refer to a reflected code, or more specifically still, the binary reflected gray code. However, according to proposed reports, gray code GA has lower convergence about 10-20% comparing with binary code GA without presenting any results. This study proposes new Full gray code GA (FGGA) applying a gray code throughout all basic operation fields of GA, which has a good data processing ability to improve the slow convergence of binary code GA.

UV laser micromachining of metallic materials has been used in microelectronic and other industries. This paper shows on experimental investigation of micromachining of copper using a 355nm UV laser with 50ns pulse duration. A finite element model with high strain rate effect is especially suggested to investigate the phenomena which are only dominated by mechanically pressure impact in disregard of thermally heat transfer. In order to consider the strain rate effect, Cowper-Symonds model was used. To analyze the dynamic deformation during a very short processing time, which is nearly about several tens nanoseconds, a commercial Finite Element Analysis (FEA) code, LS-DYNA 3D, was employed for the computational simulation of the UV laser micro machining behavior for thin copper material. From these computational results, depth of the dent (from one to six pulsed) were observed and compared with previous experimental results. This will help us to understand interaction between UV laser beam and material.

최근 빈번한 국지성 폭우로 인한 산사태 및 토석류의 발생 빈도가 전국적으로 증가함에 따라, 이에 대한 정확한 예측 및 선제적 대응 방안 마련의 필요성이 커지고 있다. 이를 위해서는 다양한 시나리오 기반의 사전 모의를 통한 위험지도 작성이 요구되며, 예측 모형의 계산 효율성과 해상도 간의 균형 확보가 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 활성흐름 기준으로 계산 도메인을 동적으로 활성화하는 동적 격자 활성화 기법을 제안하고, 해당 기법의 계산 효율 향상 효과를 분석하였다. 제안된 방법은 활성흐름이 존재하거나 거동 가능성이 있는 격자만을 계산에 포함하고, 토석류 이외 지역은 제외함으로써 불필요한 연산을 줄인다. 이를 검증하기 위해 (1) 전체 도메인을 계산하는 기존 방식, (2) 전체 도메인을 병렬 계산하는 방식, (3) 모의 중 활성흐름 분포에 따라 격자를 동적으로 활성화하는 방식, (4) 모의 중 활성흐름 분포에 따라 격자를 동적으로 활성화하는 동시에 병렬계산을 수행하는 4 가지 주요 시나리오를 혼합해 실제 토석류 피해지역에 적용하여 비교·분석하였다. 그 결과, 모의 중 활성흐름 분포에 따라 격자를 동적으로 활성화하는 방식과 병렬계산을 병행한 방식이 기존 방식의 모의결과와 값이 동일하면서도 최대 3.49배 정도 계산 속도가 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발한 동적 격자 활성화 기법을 토석류 해석 모형에 적용시 계산 효율을 실질적으로 향상시켜 빠른 예측과 매개변수 보정 등을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

Due to the recent increase in the frequency of localized heavy rainfall, the occurrence of landslides and debris flows has been rising nationwide, highlighting the need for accurate prediction and proactive response measures. To address this, scenario-based predictions for hazard mapping are essential, and a balance between computational efficiency and spatial resolution must be achieved. This study proposes a Dynamic Grid Activation technique that selectively activates computational cells based on the presence or potential of active flow during simulation. By excluding areas unrelated to debris flow, unnecessary computations are significantly reduced. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, four simulation scenarios were compared: (1) full-domain computation, (2) full-domain parallel computation, (3) dynamic grid activation based on active flow, and (4) dynamic grid activation combined with parallel computation. These scenarios were applied to an actual debris flow event for comparison. Results show that the dynamic activation with parallel computation achieved identical simulation accuracy to the conventional method while improving computation speed by up to 3.49 times. Therefore, the proposed method is expected to significantly enhance the computational efficiency of debris flow models, enabling faster prediction and more effective parameter calibration.

국내에서는 계산과학이라는 학문이 초기단계로 아직 활성화되지 못하고 있으며 고성능컴퓨팅을 기초부터 고급 과정까지 체계적으로 배울 수 있는 교육체계가 미비하다. 본 논문에서는 계산과학 전공자들이 배워야 할 컴퓨터과학에 대한 기본 연구로 고성능컴퓨팅을 배우기 위해 필요한 지식 단위을 도출하였다. ACM의 Computer Science 커리큘럼(CS2013)을 기초로 하여 89개의 지식 단위들에 대해 타당성과 신뢰성을 조사하였으며 검증된 11개의 지식단위에 대해 전문가를 통해 6개의 핵심 지식 단위와 2개의 선택 지식 단위를 제안되었다. 제안된 지식단위들은 계산과학 전공들에게 필요한 고성능컴퓨팅 교육과정 개발에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

Computational science is at an early stage and is not yet fully active, and the high-performance computing required in the field of computational science is at present a special subject of parallel and distributed computing in computer science. Additionally, there are too few education courses which teach high-performance computing from basic to advanced levels. In this study, we derive the knowledge units needed to learn high-performance computing, an important research tool in computational science. Using ACM the Computer Science Curricula 2013 (CS2013), we examine the validity and reliability of 89 knowledge units and eleven knowledge units with high validity and reliability, after which nine core knowledge units and two optional knowledge units are proposed. The eleven proposed knowledge units are expected to contribute to the development of the high-performance computing curriculum necessary to teach computational science.

In this study, the heat flow characteristics of wave heat exchanger was investigated by being applied to the white smoke reduction system. Through numerical analysis, the heat transfer and flow characteristics of the wave heat exchanger with the change of inlet condition of air-side and water-side were analyzed. To investigate the temperature, the absolute humidity, heat transfer rate, pressure drop and turbulence characteristics of the wave heat exchanger, the simulation analysis was conducted by using the commercial computational fluid dynamics software (Solidworks Flow Simulation) under uniform flow conditions. As the inflow rate of air decreased and the inflow temperature of water increased, the heat transfer coefficient of the wave heat exchanger decreased. When the experimental conditions of water-side were the same, the air outlet temperature and absolute humidity of the wave heat exchanger increased with increasing inflow rate of air. To reduce the white smoke, the air outlet temperature and absolute humidity of the wave heat exchanger must be reduced. Therefore, the lower the air velocity and the water inflow temperature into the wave heat exchanger, the more effective it is.

일반적으로 발코니를 확장한 공동주택은 직사광선이 실내로 직접 들어오는 것을 일부 막아주는 차양루버의 역할과 화재발생시 화염이 발코니를 타고 상층부로 전이되는 것을 늦춰주는 방화역활을 해주던 공동주택의 발코니가 없음으로 해서, 실내에 직달일사의 사입량이 증가하였으며, 화재시 창호를 통하여 화염이 상층부로 전이되어 화재의 빠른 확산의 원인이 되기도 한다. 특히 2006년부터는 공동주택에서 발코니확장이 인정되고, 2008년부터 발코니가 없거나 커튼월 형식의 공동주택의 경우 방화유리나 방화판 설치와 대피공간확보(방화문설치로 대체 가능)가 의무화(2008년 시행) 되어있어 발코니 확장 공동주택 및 커튼월 형식의 주거 및 상업용 건물등은 이러한 문제점들에 대한 대책이 필요하다고 볼 수 있다.1)이에 본 연구는 이러한 문제점들에 대한 대안으로 건물 외부에서 햇볕을 차단하고 실내 에너지 절약을 가능하게 하는 차양의 역할을 하며, 화재시에는 방화기능도 겸비하는 차양식 방화루버의 개발연구를 수행하였다.

In 2006, the government was sanctioned balcony remodeling in apartment. However, In many cases, it did not install the evacuated space. and was not good for fire-proofing properties between each floors. The venetian blind louver as one of the means to solve these problems, have been presented. The venetian blind louver is installed on the front of the remodelled apartment balcony. The purpose of this study is to improve the fire protection and prevention preformance using the fire venetian blind louver. Also, is to improve a louver design and to make it easy how to use. The prototype of the venetian blind louver were tested for fire prevention in Korea Institute of Construction Technology(KICT). The results of tests were a good fire prevention performance between in initial to 5 mins. In case of fires in apartment, the initial 5 minutes is very important to survive the peoples. This study, therefore, will improve the prototype of the venetian blind louver for fire protection and prevention preformance.

본 논문은 컴퓨터 전공자가 아닌 비전공 일반인들이 이해하기 쉽게 컴퓨팅 사고력의 개념을 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 전문가 심층 인터뷰를 통해 컴퓨팅 사고력의 개념을 다음과 같이 고찰하였다. 첫째, 문제해결적 관점에 서 문제발견, 창출 능력에 대한 관점으로 확장하여 인간다운 사고 즉 창의적 사고를 함양할 수 있는 사고력으로 정립하는 것이 필요하다. 둘째, 컴퓨팅 사고력의 개념을 인지적 측면뿐 아니라 정서적인 동기와 태도 측면에서 바라볼 수 있다. 셋째, 학습자의 성찰 능력의 향상을 돕는 컴퓨팅 사고로 개념을 확장하여 이를 바탕으로 교수 방법의 체계적인 설계가 필요하다. 본 연구의 결과가 향후 컴퓨팅 사고력 교육의 목적, 교수 방법적 측면에서 다양한 시도에 기초 연구가 될 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of computational thinking in an easy-to-understand way for non-computer majors. First, It is necessary to expand from the problem-solving perspective to the perspective of problem discovery and creation ability, and establish it as a thinking ability that can cultivate human-like thinking, that is, creative thinking. Second, the concept of computational thinking can be viewed not only in the cognitive aspect but also in the emotional motive and attitude aspect. Third, systematic design of teaching methods is needed based on the expansion of the concept to computational thinking that helps learners to improve their reflective ability. It is expected that the results of this study will serve as basic research for various attempts in terms of the purpose and teaching method of computational thinking education in the future.

This study investigated the noise reduction effect according to the structure of the sound-absorption and insulating materials in order to maximize the noise reduction effect in various noise environments. For this purpose, the transmission loss according to the change in hole size of the performated plate in sound-absorption and insulating board was predicted using an CAE model. The sound-absorption and insulating board was modeled and the computation of the transmission loss was performed after applying the physical properties and boundary conditions. The pure sounds of 32Hz to 4,000Hz were generated, and the analysis was performed by changing the diameter and pitch of the perforated plate. It was confirmed that the influence of the diameter and pitch of the perforated plate is closely related to the structure that make up the sound-absorption and insulating material. In order to effectively reduce the variously changing noises, it is believed that a method of improving transmission loss for each frequency band of interest is needed by changing the structure of the sound-absorption and insulating material so that the diameter and pitch of the perforated plate can be changed.

본 연구에서는 컴퓨팅 사고력을 위한 추상화 개념을 정의하고 이에 따른 추상화 성취기준을 개발하였다. 초 등 소프트웨어 교육에서 컴퓨터 사고력을 위한 추상화를 객체 추상화, 데이터 추상화, 절차 추상화로 분류하였 다. 이러한 분류는 소프트웨어를 통한 문제 해결을 위한 추상화의 대상을 객체 및 데이터, 절차 측면의 관점으로 구분할 수 있게 되었다. 또한, 각각의 정의된 추상화 대상에 대해 초등학교 5~6학년 수준의 소프트웨어 교육에서 활용할 수 있는 추상화 성취 기준을 2015 개정교육과정과 외국의 컴퓨터 교육과정을 참고하고 전문가 검토를 받아 개발하였다.

In this study, we defined abstraction concept for computational thinking and accordingly, we developed abstraction achievement standard. In order to educate abstraction in elementary software education, it is classified into object abstraction, data abstraction, and procedural abstraction. These classifies were presented the viewpoints of object, data, and procedural aspects when abstracting from multiple dimensions for problem solving. In addition, for each defined abstraction area, the abstraction achievement standard that can be used in the software education of the elementary school fifth to sixth graders was developed through the revision and supplement of the expert review.

The purpose of this study was to develop computational thinking (CT) analysis tool that can be used to analyze CT practices; first, by defining what CT practices are, and then, by identifying which components of CT are reflected in STEAM classes. Exploring various kinds of CT practices, which can be identified while applying the proposed CT analysis tool for exemplary STEAM classes, is another goal of this study. Firstly, to answer the question of "What is CT in science education" and thereby to develop the proposed CT practice analysis tool, three types of published documents about CT definition as the main data in this study have been considered. In the first "analysis tool development" part of this study, the following five elements have been identified as the main components of CT analysis tool as follows; (1) connecting open problems with computing, (2) using tools or computers to develop computing artifact, (3) abstraction process, (4) analyzing and evaluating computing process and artifact, and (5) communicating and cooperating. Based on the understandings that there is a consistent flow among the five components due to their interactions, a flow chart of CT practice has also been developed. In the second part of this study, which is an implementation study, the proposed CT practice analysis tool has been applied in one exemplary STEAM program. To select the candidate STEAM program, four selection criteria have been identified. Then, the proposed CT practice analysis tool has been applied for the selected STEAM program to determine the degree of CT practice reflected in the program and furthermore, to suggest a way of improving the proposed CT analysis tool if it shows some weak points. Through the findings of this study, we suggest that the actual definition of computational thinking will be helpful to converge Technology and Engineering to STEAM education and a strong complement to reinforce STEAM education.

최근에는 모수(Parametric) 추정방법을 적용한 전산모델들이 개발되어 비용분석을 보다 효율적으로 예측할 수 있는 용도로 사용되고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 유도무기체계 분야 중 유도조종장치에 대한 데이터 경험치 를 활용하여 공학적 추정 방법과 상용전산모델(Price H, HL, M, S)의 비용분석을 수행하고, 그 결과를 분석하여 차 이점과 원인을 파악하였다. 전산모델의 수치적 데이터로 살펴 본 바에 따르면 유사장비 데이터베이스와의 비교 값을 근거로 하여 보정된 결과 값을 도출한 후, 공학적 추정방법으로 산정된 금액과 비교결과 근사한 수치를 보여 보정작 업을 통한 데이터의 신뢰도가 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 개발비 추정 시, 많은 부분을 불확실한 요소에서 추정하였으나, 객관성을 확보할 수 있는 전산모델을 선택하여 사례를 연구함으로서 신뢰성을 높일 수 있었다. 이는 기존의 축적된 개발비 데이터에 근거하여 변수를 중심으로 한 추정방법을 기초로 합리적인 추정방법으로도 활용할 수 있음을 비용분석의 전산모델 보정(Calibration)을 통하여 밝혀냄으로써 보다 효율적인 비용 예측 기능에 일조할 것 으로 사료된다.

In recent years, computational models using parametric estimation method have been developed and used widely for efficient cost analysis. In this research, by applying experienced data from Guidance and Control Systems in Missile System field, the cost analysis for engineering model and commercial computational model(Price H, HL, M, S) are conducted and its result is analysed, so that the difference between two models and its grounds are apprehended. Comparing the calibrated value of computational model based on the data base of similar equipment and the cost from the engineering estimation, the two results are very close. It means that the credibility of data is enhanced through calibration. Also, for cost analysis of similar components in the future, the method for calibration of the computational models is also examined. When estimating development cost in this research, although many parts have been estimated through uncertain elements, the reliability could have been enhanced by applying computational model which secures objectivity. It is a very reasonable estimation method by utilizing calibration of the computational models based on existing accumulated development data.

2015개정 교육과정을 통해 소프트웨어 교육이 도입되면서 기존의 ICT 소양 및 응용 소프트웨어 활용 교육에 서 벗어나 학습자의 컴퓨팅 사고력을 향상시키기 위한 다양한 연구 활동이 이루어져 왔다. 이와 같은 변화에 따 라 본 연구에서는 소프트웨어 교육에서 강조되고 있는 컴퓨팅 사고력과 관련된 다양한 연구 활동에 대한 연구 동향을 살피는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2014년 1월부터 2019년 9월까지 출판된 컴퓨팅 사고력과 관련된 190편의 논문을 대상으로 주제어를 추출하여 그 단어들을 대상으로 빈도분석, 워드 클라우드, 연결 중심성, 토픽 모델링분석을 실시하였다. 토픽 모델링 분석 결과 지금까지의 주된 연구에는 ‘컴퓨터 사고력 교육 프로그램’, ‘컴퓨팅 사고력 예비교사 교육’, ‘컴퓨팅 사고력 로봇 활용 교육’, ‘컴퓨팅 사고력 평가’, ‘컴퓨팅 사고력 교과 연계 교육’에 관한 연구들이 진행되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 방법을 통해 현재까지 주로 진행되고 있는 컴퓨팅 사고력 관련 연구 동향을 파악할 수 있었고, 이는 컴퓨팅 사고력 교육의 어떤 부분이 연구자들에게 더 중요하게 인식되고 있는지를 알 수 있게 해 준다.

As software education was introduced through the 2015 revised curriculum, various research activities have been carried out to improve the computational thinking of learners beyond the existing ICT literacy and software utilization education. With this change, the purpose of this study is to examine the research trends of various research activities related to computational thinking which is emphasized in software education. To this end, we extracted the key words from 190 papers related to computational thinking subject published from January 2014 to September 2019, and conducted frequency analysis, word cloud, connection centrality, and topic modeling analysis on the words. As a result of the topical modeling analysis, we found that the main studies so far have included studies on 'computational thinking education program', 'computational thinking education for pre-service teacher education', 'robot utilization education for computational thinking', 'assessment of computational thinking', and 'computational thinking connected education'. Through this research method, it was possible to grasp the research trend related to computational thinking that has been conducted mainly up to now, and it is possible to know which part of computational thinking education is more important to researchers.

비버챌린지는 전 세계적인 컴퓨터 과학 축제로서, 매년 다양한 국가에서 수많은 학생이 참여하고 있다. 또한, 국내 연구 결과에 따르면, 비버챌린지의 문항들은 정보과 교육과정과 높은 연계성을 보여주며, 이를 통해 학생들의 컴퓨팅사고력을 평가하는데 매우 유의미한 평가 도구로 인식되고 있다. 그러나 비버챌린지 는 1년에 한 번 특정한 시기에만 개최되며, 학생들이 본인이 해결한 과제에 대해 즉각적이고 개별화된 피 드백을 받을 수 없다. 또한, 교사들이 문항을 수업 진도에 맞게 제공하는 데 어려움이 있어 비버챌린지가 컴퓨팅사고력을 측정하는 우수한 도구임에도 불구하고 학교 현장에서 교사들이 일상적으로 사용하는 평 가 도구로서의 활용에는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 영국에서 개발된 퀀텀 프로젝트 문항을 평가 도구로 활용 하는 방안을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 퀀텀 프로젝트 문항과 비버챌린지 문항 간의 상관관계를 분석하 고, 정보 교사들이 중학교 정보 수업에서 진단평가나 형성평가에 활용할 수 있는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 이를 통해 교사들은 학생들의 컴퓨팅사고력을 평가하고 피드백 및 개선에 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

The Bebras Challenge is a worldwide computer science festival that attracts students from many different countries every year. In addition, national studies have shown that the questions in the Bebras Challenge are highly aligned with information and curriculum, making it a valuable assessment tool for students' computational thinking skills. However, Bebras Challenge is only held once a year at a specific time of year, and students do not receive immediate and individualized feedback on their work. In addition, teachers have difficulty aligning the questions with the progression of the class, which limits its use as a routine assessment tool for teachers in the classroom, even though Bebras Challenge is an excellent tool for measuring computational thinking. In this study, we propose to utilize the quantum project questions developed in the UK as an assessment tool to overcome these limitations. To this end, we analyze the correlation between the quantum project questions and the Bebras Challenge questions, and propose a method that information teachers can use for diagnostic or formative assessment in middle school information classes. In this way, teachers can assess students' computational thinking skills and use them for feedback and improvement.

이 연구는 국제학교 학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 S 국제학교 학 생 108명을 표집 집단으로 선정하여 국제학교 학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력에 대한 산출된 검사 결과를 바탕 으로 데이터 셋을 확보하고 AMOS25버전을 활용하여 신뢰도, 타당도, 산점도, 상관관계, 탐색적 요인분 석, 확인적 요인분석, 구조적 관계를 분석하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국제학교 학생의 창의성은 다른 하위 요인에 대해 가장 높은 경로계수를 나타냈는데, 이를 통 해 창의적 사고 능력이 높은 학생들이 다른 컴퓨팅 사고력 요소에서도 높은 성과를 보이는 경향이 있 음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 국제학교 학생의 문제 해결(PS)과 알고리즘적 사고(AT) 간에도 유의한 경로가 확인되었다. 문제해결(PS)에서 알고리즘적 사고(AT)로의 경로 계수는 .383로서, 문제 해결 능력이 높은 학생들이 알고리즘적 사고 능력 또한 높게 나타난다는 것을 보여준다. 셋째, 협력(CO)과 알고리즘적 사 고(AT) 및 문제 해결(PS) 사이의 관계는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 이같은 국제학교 학생의 컴퓨팅 사고력 특성에 대한 이해는 국제학교 대상 컴퓨팅 사고력 관련 교육프로그램 개발 및 일반학교 학생과 의 비교 연구 등 앞으로 다양한 측면에서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study aimed to examine the characteristics of computational thinking among students at an international school. For this purpose, 108 students from S International School were selected as the sample group, and a dataset was collected based on the test results measuring their computational thinking abilities. The analysis was conducted using AMOS 25 to assess reliability, validity, scatter plots, correlations, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural relationships. The findings of the study are as follows: First, creativity among the international school students showed the highest path coefficient compared to other sub-factors. This suggests that students with higher creative thinking abilities tend to perform better in other aspects of computational thinking as well. Second, a significant path was observed between problem-solving (PS) and algorithmic thinking (AT), with a path coefficient of 0.383. This indicates that students with strong problem-solving skills also tend to exhibit higher algorithmic thinking abilities. Third, the relationships between collaboration (CO), algorithmic thinking (AT), and problem-solving (PS) were not statistically significant. Understanding these characteristics of computational thinking in international school students could be valuable in developing computational thinking-related educational programs for international schools, as well as in comparative studies with students from general schools, and in various other future research directions.

본 연구는 로봇 활용 교육이 컴퓨팅사고력, 로봇에 대한 태도에 미치는 효과를 살펴보고, 좌, 우뇌 선호에 따 른 차이를 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 서울 소재 A 청소년수련관 방학 특강에 참여한 초등학생 17명을 대상 으로 로봇 활용 교육을 실시하고, 대응 표본 t검정, 맨-휘트니 유 검정을 통해 평균의 차이를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 로봇 활용 교육을 실시한 후 컴퓨팅사고력 점수의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하였으나, 로봇에 대한 태도 점 수의 차이는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 더불어, 좌우뇌선호에 따른 컴퓨팅사고력, 로봇에 대한 태도의 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구는 로봇 활용 교육의 효과를 검증하고, 좌우뇌선호에 따른 차이를 분석하여, 로봇 활용 교육에 대한 이해를 확장시켰다는 점에서 연구의 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

This study intends to examine the effects of education using robot on computational thinking and attitudes according to left and right brain preference. To execute the study, 17 elementary students at A youth training center in Seoul were selected to participate in the education. And the mean difference was analyzed using matched pair t-test and Mann-Whitey U test. As a result, after participating in the education, there was some statistical significance found in the scores to test student’s computational thinking, but not statistical significance on the attitudes. Furthermore, there was no significance found in computational thinking or attitude according to the left and right brain preference. The purpose of this study can be found in that it expands the understanding of education using robot by verifying the efficacy and analyzing differences according to left and right brain preference.

많은 대학교가 4차 산업혁명이라는 시대적 흐름에 따라 컴퓨팅사고로 문제해결력을 지닌 인재양성을 위해 SW 교육을 활발히 진행하고 있다. 본 연구는 비전공대상의 컴퓨팅사고 향상을 위한 이해중심의 SW교육과정이 필요하다고 보았으며 이를 실현하는 구체적 개입으로 이해중심의 SW기초교육을 소개하고 그 효과성을 확인하고자 하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 백워드설계모형을 적용한 활동중심 컴퓨팅사고 교육과 프로그래밍교육을 하나의 이해중심의 SW 기초교육 프로세스로 설계하였다. 이후 15주 수업에 적용하고, 3차례에 걸쳐 검사를 실시하여 비전공자들에 대한 컴퓨 팅사고의 정의적인 측면을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 활동중심의 SW기초교육의 컴퓨팅사고효능감과 컴퓨팅사고인식에 있 어서 긍정적인 효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구는 특정대학의 일부 학생들을 대상으로 실시하여 연구결과를 일반화하는데 다소 무리가 있으나, 교육 현장에서 백워드설계모형을 적용한 이해중심의 SW기초교육이 컴퓨팅사고를 향상시킬 수 있 는 효율적인 방법의 하나로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

In order to cultivate talented people who have problem solving ability due to computational thinking according to the trend of the fourth industrial revolution, each university is actively promoting software education. This study suggests that understanding-oriented SW curriculum is needed for non-majors students to improve computational thinking. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, this study designed the basic education program based on the understanding of the SW with the backward design model. The SW Basic Education Program was applied to 15 weeks of instruction and conducted three surveys. The positive effects of the understanding-oriented SW basic education on the computational thinking efficacy and the computer perception were verified. In addition, it was found that the understanding-oriented computational thinking and programming education are effective when they are linked to one process. It is expected that understanding-based SW based education, which uses the backward design model, can be applied as one of the efficient ways to improve computational thinking in the education field.