Earticle

온라인게임의 서비스 경쟁은 점점 치열해지고 있다. 경쟁사의 새로운 게임이 기존의 온라인게임 서비스를 위협한다. 따라서 기존 게임 회사는 고객의 이탈을 막기 위한 효율적인 패치 전략이 필요하며, 이것은 같은 자원을 투자했을 때 보다 효과적인 패치 서비스가 필요하다는 것을 의미한다. 본 논문은 패치유형 및 이용자 특성에 따른 온라인 게임의 서비스 전략을 실증 분석하고자 하였다. 도출된 결과를 보다 발전시킨다면 향후 온라인 게임 기업의 서비스 운영 정책에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

As business conditions in online game service are becoming more competitive, new game title of rival company threats to existing online game service. Thus, a game company needs to have efficient patch strategy to prevent game player from getting out of the service. This situation means that it is necessary for the game company to have more efficient patch service when they invest same resources. This archive analyzes the service strategy of online game on patch pattern and user’s characteristic. If this study is developed more specific, it will be helpful for online game service company to make better operation strategy.

온라인게임 서비스와 다른 콘텐츠 비즈니스와의 차이점은 제품의 라이프 사이클이다. 특히 MMORPG는 온라인게임 중에서도 특히 라이프 사이클이 길다. 이러한 라이프 사이클 유지하는 가장 핵심적인 요소는 패치 서비스다. 패치 서비 스는 온라인게임의 세계를 지속적으로 확장하면서 고객의 플레이 동기를 유발시킨다. 본 논문은 블리자드의 MMORPG <월드오브워크래프트>의 5년간(2005~2010) 패치 내용을 분석한 것이다. 분석을 바탕으로 하여 문헌연구와 전문가 인터 뷰를 통해 패치 서비스의 4가지 유형을 도출하고자 하였다.

An important difference between online game service and other contents business is product life cycle. Of all other online games, a MMORPG especially has longer life cycle. A patch service is the most significant factor which helps a game product life cycle keeps up longer. The patch service enlarges steadily a world of online games and creates game player’s motivation. This archive analyzes patch contents on <The World of Warcraft> of Blizzard for the past five years. (2005-2010) And being based on this analysis, we will deduce four pattern of patch service with research and interview.

다양한 가상공간에 산재하는 많은 분산자원들을 보다 효과적으로 활용하기 위하여 여러 프로토콜들이 개발되어 왔다. 이 연구는 분산 정보자원 검색과 갱신을 위한 SRU, SRU Record Update 프로토콜의 개발 배경, 기능, 구성 요소 등을 살펴봄으로 새로운 표준 프로토콜에 대한 이해를 넓히기 위함이다. 또한 다른 프로토콜과의 비교 및 실제 구현 사례 등을 통하여 자관의 정보자원을 외부에 효과적으로 제공하고, 외부 정보자원을 적절히 활용하려는 도서관 및 정보서비스 기관들에게 상호운용성 보장을 위한 실제적인 방안을 제시하기 위함이다.

Several protocols have been developed to efficiently utilize a great number of distributed resources. This paper investigated the background, operations and elements of SRU and SRU Record Update protocol, compared them with other protocols, and reviewed their implementation cases. The purpose of this pager is to broaden the understanding of the two new standards and to provide a practical guide to ensure their interoperability for libraries and information service centers which want to expose their own contents and to access to external resources.

This study presents an update of a previous study, ‘Bibliometric analysis of publications from North Korea indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1988 to 2016,’ which was published in Science Editing volume 4, issue 1. A re-analysis was performed because an incomplete search strategy was used in the original publication, and the present study analyzed the same bibliometric characteristics of publications from North Korea indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection from 1978 to 2018. The Web of Science Core Collection was searched by selecting ‘North Korea’ in the country field of the basic search results on July 31, 2018. A total of 533 articles were identified. There were no results from before 1978. China, Germany, and Australia were main countries of collaboration. Researchers from Kim Il Sung University produced the most articles. The main research fields were physics, mathematics, materials science, chemistry, and engineering. The funding agencies were mostly from China. The number of articles by North Korean authors only was 105, with the same main research fields. The results were almost the same as reported in the previous article, except for a much higher number of publications. The above results indicate that the North Korean government has asked researchers to publish their works in international journals; therefore, it has allowed them to access the internet. Based on the trends we identified, we anticipate that there will be a continuous increase in publications from North Korea in international journals indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection.

After the initial acceptance of the manuscript titled ‘Update physical genomic information for commercial bovine SNP chip based on recent reference genome sequences (ARS-UCD1.2)’ to Journal of Animal Science and Technology (JAST) on March 23rd, 2021, the article readers stated some concerns regarding the mapping accuracy of illumine SNP chip to recent reference genome (ARS-UCD1.2). Therefore, after consultation with the editorial board members, JAST has decided to withdraw the manuscript due to the significant concerns relating to the claims.

Robust PCA is a modification of PCA, which works well on corrupted observations. Existing robust PCA algorithms are typically based on batch optimization, and have to load all the samples into memory. Therefore, those algorithms have large computational complexity as the size of data increases, and have difficulty with real time processing. In this paper, we propose a projection based Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) in order to use RPCA as an online algorithm for real time processing. The proposed online algorithm in this paper reduces computational complexity significantly, although the proposed algorithm has negligible performance degradation compared to conventional schemes. The proposed technique can be applied to various applications, which need real time processing of RPCA.

This paper proposes a selective sensing information update scheme for communication between a base station (BS) and multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a relaying network. The UAVs, equipped with integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) capabilities, utilize environmental sensing measurements to facilitate communication in blockage-prone scenarios, such as disaster recovery and remote connectivity. Specifically, user parameters are estimated from the sensing measurements at the UAVs. Given the non-linear relationship between the sensing measurements and the communication parameters, we propose a two-stage design approach. In the first stage, the measurements are transformed into a range-and-angle-based model to determine the optimal beam between the UAVs and multiple mobile user equipment (UEs). In the second stage, a selective update mechanism, guided by a predictive rate criterion, is used to optimize the frequency of sensing information updates between the BS and the UAVs. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method and show an improvement in the system throughput compared to baseline schemes, while significantly reducing sensing overhead.

CrossRef (http://www.crossref.org) is a not-for-profit membership association of publishers. Since its founding in 2000, CrossRef has provided reference linking services for over 62 million scholarly content items, including journal articles, books and book chapters, conference proceedings, reference entries, technical reports, standards, and data sets. CrossRef also provides additional collaborative services designed to improve trust in the scholarly communications process, including Cited-By linking, CrossCheck plagiarism screening, CrossMark update identification, and the FundRef funder identification service. All of these services continue to develop to try to meet the evolving needs of publishers, and this article attempts to give an overview of them and highlight important updates which have taken place over the last 12 months.

Sarcopenic dysphagia is characterized by weakness of swallowing-related muscles associated with whole-body sarcopenia. As the number of patients with sarcopenia increases with the aging of the world, the number of patients with sarcopenic dysphagia is also increasing. The prevalence of sarcopenic dysphagia is high in the institutionalized older people and in patients hospitalized for pneumonia with dysphagia in acute care hospitals. Prevention, early detection and intervention of sarcopenic dysphagia with rehabilitation nutrition are essential. The diagnosis of sarcopenic dysphagia is based on skeletal and swallowing muscle strength and muscle mass. A reliable and validated diagnostic algorithm for sarcopenic dysphagia is used. Sarcopenic dysphagia is associated with malnutrition, which leads to mortality and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) decline. The rehabilitation nutrition approach improves swallowing function, nutrition status, and ADL. A combination of aggressive nutrition therapy to improve nutrition status, dysphagia rehabilitation, physical therapy, and other interventions can be effective for sarcopenic dysphagia. The rehabilitation nutrition care process is used to assess and problem solve the patient’s pathology, sarcopenia, and nutrition status. The simplified rehabilitation nutrition care process consists of a nutrition cycle and a rehabilitation cycle, each with five steps: assessment, diagnosis, goal setting, intervention, and monitoring. Nutrition professionals and teams implement the nutrition cycle. Rehabilitation professionals and teams implement the rehabilitation cycle. Both cycles should be done simultaneously. The nutrition diagnosis of undernutrition, overnutrition/obesity, sarcopenia, and goal setting of rehabilitation and body weight are implemented collaboratively.

While most of studies have paid attention to the initial adoption of a specific application, research on applications has not focused on an individual’s update decision process. This study draws upon both dual information processing and status quo bias perspectives as a comprehensive theoretical lens to explain why individuals do not update their applications. This study assumes that individuals’ inertia could be the main reason for their reluctance to update the applications. Based on a survey of 186 smartphone users, this study demonstrated that both habit as an affective trigger of system 1 thinking and sunk cost as a cognitive trigger of system 2 thinking promoted the two types of inertia (i.e., affective and cognitive based inertia) in individuals, which have a negative effect on their willingness to update their applications. By grounding the research model in a theoretical view, such as dual information processing and status quo bias, this study provides a unique theoretical lens from which to view individuals’ behaviors, thereby gaining a better understanding of their decision not to update to the current version of applications. This study also investigates the moderating effect of the types of applications on the relationships between affective/cognitive-based inertia and willingness to update. Results show that both habit and sunk cost decrease the willingness to update because they increase both affective and cognitive-based inertia. This study also found that the effects of affective/cognitive based inertia differed depending on the type of applications.

We develop a dynamic model of debt contracts with adverse selection and belief updates. In the model, entrepreneurs borrow investment goods from lenders to run businesses whose returns depend on entrepreneurial productivity and common productivity. The entrepreneurial productivity is the entrepreneur’s private information, and the lender constructs beliefs about the entrepreneur’s productivity based on the entrepreneur’s business operation history, common productivity history, and terms of the contract. The model provides insights on the dynamic and cross-sectional relation between firm age and credit risk, cyclical asymmetry of the business cycle, slow recovery after a crisis, and the constructive economic downturn.

This paper provides background information on the cadastral system in Nepal. It discusses the technique of cadastre surveying available for preparing and updating cadastral maps. It mainly focuses on contemporary international trends for cadastral map updating techniques, highlighting their pros and cons, and then summarizes the present scenario of cadastral map update in Nepal in order to determine a suitable way of cadastral update. The cadastral boundary survey has vital significance in the procedure of public cadastral service. The Land Administration Office (LAO) of Nepal has two distinct offices including the Survey Office for handling spatial component and the Revenue Office for maintaining administrative attributes of the cadastre. A complete cadastral map update with advanced technology is one of the main visions of the central mapping agency of Nepal. Since physiological diversities of Nepal do not support any particular technology for cadastre update, hybrid techniques such as photogrammetry and digital cadaster would be recommended.

The purpose of this study is to examine the types and methods of virtual reality (VR) rehabilitation and their clinical effects, and to introduce recently developed VR rehabilitation methods. VR rehabilitation is largely divided into desktop type VR, third person type VR, and immersive type VR, and various companies have already introduced several such products. In addition, a VR rehabilitation method that surrounds the anterior, left, and right sides of a patient on three or all four sides have recently been introduced that has the advantage of providing a variety of sensory stimuli in an environment similar to real life. These devices vary in price, size, and sense of immersion. To date, VR rehabilitation has mainly been applied to adults with brain damage, including stroke, as well as to individuals with cerebral palsy, dementia, or mild cognitive impairment. VR rehabilitation positively contributes to improvements in their physical function, cognitive function, mental function, and daily living activities for two reasons. First, virtual reality-based rehabilitation provides continuous multisensory stimulation to the brain’s cognitive and motor areas through dynamic interaction with an environment similar to real life. This can positively contribute to the improvement of cognitive, physical, and mental functions through a direct effect on brain restructuring or plasticity. In addition, VR rehabilitation can induce active participation in rehabilitation by evoking fun and interest in patients, using a variety of contents. Thus, active rehabilitation can not only increase the time spent participating in rehabilitation but also improve compliance, which can aid in successful rehabilitation.

Online games are the popular topic due to the increased total online game market volume nowadays. And many studies on online games are released. But most studies used the questionnaire method that reveals only section of the situation like a snapshot. For this reason, previous studies have a little limitation that does not show dynamical changing issues like a product life cycle and changes in customer's mind Because of this, we studied on online games with the system dynamic model which can show dynamic simulations to analysis time series data. We chose MMORPG (Massively Multi-play Online) RPG (Role Playing Game) in sort of online games because it has many absorbing factors and enthusiastic users. 단위 : 억원 We designed the simulation model which analyzes the influences of update and CRM strategy on users. We put the game developer who is ready for updated version game and released that periodically and focused on dormant users who used to be enthusiastic about MMORPG. The simulation results showed that the update has positive influences on new users gathering and hold established users. And CRM strategies help to prevent dormant users from transferring to rivals by offering them re-absorbing factors. Through this study, we confirmed the importance of update on online games and the necessity of introducing CRM strategy in the online game market.

Cricopharyngeal dysphagia (CP dysphagia) refers to swallowing difficulties caused by the abnormal movement of the cricopharyngeal muscle, which is part of the upper esophageal sphincter located between the pharynx and the esophagus. The main cause of CP dysphagia is the failure of the cricopharyngeal muscle to relax during swallowing, as a result of which food is unable to pass through the pharynx to the esophagus. Videofluoroscopic swallowing studies and esophageal manometry are the most common methods used for diagnosis. Treatment options include conservative approaches such as postural techniques and swallowing therapy, as well as invasive methods like botulinum toxin injections and surgical procedures. Recent advances in less-invasive treatments such as the botulinum toxin injection have shown success with fewer complications compared to myotomy. However, further research and updates are necessary to provide more effective and safer treatment options for patients with cricopharyngeal dysphagia.