Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 인천광역시 1인가구의 분포 및 현황을 파악하고, 도시 공간 요소가 1인가구의 공간적 분포에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 공간회귀모형을 이용하여 어떠한 도시 공간 요소가 인천 1인가구의 밀도와 비율에 영향을 미치는지 분석하고자 하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 1인가구 밀도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 변수는 공업지역 비율과 도로율, 편의점 밀도, CCTV 밀도로 나타났다. 둘째, 1인가구 비율에 대하여 도로율과 편의점 밀도, 단독·다세대·연립주택 비율, 주택 이외의 거처 비율이 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 버스정류장 밀도와 평균 공시지가는 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 1인가구 연구가 미흡한 지역인 인천광역시를 연구 대상지로 했다는 점에서 기존 연구들과의 차별성을 가진다. 또한, 1인가구의 주거지 선택에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하고 이를 바탕으로 정책적 방향성을 제시했다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

The purpose of this study is to understand the distribution and status of single-person households in Incheon Metropolitan City and analyze the impact of urban spatial factors on the spatial distribution of single-person households. This study aims to analyze which urban spatial factors affect the density and ratio of single-person households in Incheon by using the spatial regression model. Results show that variables that have a statistically significant impact on single-person household density were the ratio of industrial areas, road rates, convenience store density, and CCTV density. Also, road rates, convenience store density, ratio of detached or multi-housing, ratio of non-residential dwellings, density of bus stops and average land prices affected the ratio of single-person households. Findings of this study suggests policy implications for single-person households.

현재 우리나라는 인구 10만 미만인 소도시의 평균 고령화율이 약 32에 이르고 있음에도 불 구하고 생활편의시설이 읍면 중심지에 집중되어 있어 특히 고령주민의 이용에 많은 불편을 초 래하고 있다. 본 연구는 이들 지역에서의 고령자 생활편의시설에 대한 접근성을 실증적으로 분 석하는데 있다. 분석 대상지역의 인구와 생활편의시설의 데이터를 통계청 MDIS를 중심으로 구 축한 후, QGIS로 분포도 및 핫스팟 맵 작성, 접근거리를 분석했다. 분석결과, 특히 고령자들이 많이 거주하는 지역에서의 의료, 판매, 위생, 노인복지시설 접근성이 부족함을 확인하였다. 이는 소도시의 심각한 고령화를 반영한 시설공급의 유형 변화 및 공간적 재편이 필요함을 시사한다.

Currently, in spite of the elderly average aging rate has reached about 32% in small town Area with a population of less than 100,000. Convenience facilities are concentrated in the town center, causing inconvenience to use for the elderly. The purpose of this study is to analyze spatial distribution status of living convenience facilities for the elderly in these area. This study builds on data of the population aging area and distribution of living facilities for the elderly based on MDIS of the National Statistical Office, and QGIS was used to visualize for the hot spot maps, and distance analysis. As a result of the analysis, especially accessibility the living convenience facilities for the elderly was short of the medical, sale, sanitary, welfare for the elderly. This study suggests the necessity of the change facilities type and spatial reorganization reflecting the serious elderly average aging rate of small towns.

Competitiveness of the country’s farming and fishing villages is gradually dropping in step with industrial opening in the wake of FTA, decrease of rural population due to rapid urbanization, aging of rural population. On the other hand, farming and fishing villages are getting their importance more than ever because of social and economical changes such as drive of low carbon green growth, space for leisure and holidays, lifestyle focusing on wellbeing. These days, a diverse range of government-level urban-rural exchange projects are under way in an effort to boost competitiveness of farming and fishing villages, and initial survey on those villages was conducted by regional survey of “Agriculture, Forestry & Fishery Census” in 2010. And this study aims to suggest future policies through analysis of nationwide characteristics of urban-rural exchange. The study found urban-rural exchange had been carried out in 20.1% of all administrative divisions across the country. Its large spatial distribution comprised Gangwon-do for exchange of education and culture, Chungcheong-do for exchange of products, Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do for exchange for purpose of recreation and holidays. In addition to such finding, clustering areas were shown different by exchange type of humans, products, education and culture, recreation and holidays. And specialized support policies by area need to be considered.

본 논문은 제주시 인구 고령화에 따른 공간부포 특성에 관한 연구이다. 본 논문의 결론은 첫째, 노인인구수는 대부분의 읍·면·동에서 증가하고 있으며, 노인인구수는 읍·면 지역이 다수를 차지하고 있지만, 노인인구증가율은 제주시 토지개발사업(도시개발사업, 택지개발사업)을 시행한 동을 중심으로 급격히 늘어나고 있다. 둘째, 제주시 노인인구비율, 고령화지수, 노인부양지수는 한경면, 추자면, 우도면, 구좌읍 등 읍·면지역이 높으나, 증가율은 삼도1동, 이도2동, 용담2동, 일도1동 등 원도심을 중심으로 높아지고 있다. 즉 읍·면지역은 절대적으로 노인인구가 많아 노인인구비율이 높지만, 원도심지역은 젊은 인구가 유출되면서 급격히 노인인구비율이 높아지고 있다. 셋째, 밀도분석도를 보면 대부분 읍면지역이 노인인구수는 많지만, 면적대비 분석결과 원도심지역이 밀도가 높게 나타나고 있어 향후 원도심지역에 노인복지시설이 추가로 필요하다고 할 수 있다.

The purpose of this study is the space distribution characteristics of Jeju-si’s welfare facilities for senior citizens. First, the elderly population in Jeju-si is increasing in most of eup, myeon and dong. Also, even though the elderly population is mostly in the eup and myeon regions, the rate of the elderly population is increasing rapidly in dong regions that have implemented Jeju-si’s land development project. This is because the semi-aged population residing in the regions where the elderly population is increasing is staying instead of moving to different regions when they become senior citizens. In other words, the senior citizens prefer the new Jeju area which has good residential environments. Second, ageing population proportion, ageing index and ageing population support index in Jeju-si are high in eup and myeon regions such as Hangyung-myeon, Chuja-myeon, Udo-myeon and Gujwa-eup. However, the rate of increase is getting high in old downtown areas such as Samdo 1-dong, Ido 2-dong, Yongdam 2-dong and Ildo 1-dong. In other words, eup and myeon regions are absolutely crowded with the ageing population and thus has high ageing population proportions, but old downtown region’s ageing population proportion is rapidly increasing due to the outflow of the young population. Also, regions such as Dodu-dong, Oido-dong and Ara-dong have low ageing population growth rate, ageing index and ageing population support index, which shows that the young population is migrating to the periphery where dwelling expenses are cheaper than the new Jeju area. Third, The figure of density analysis shows that population of older people is large in most eup/myeon areas. The analysis of density per area, however, reveals that the population density of older people is especially large in the old town area. These results suggest that welfare facilities for the elderly are much needed in the old town areas.

본 연구에서는 소비자단체의 공간적 분포와 그 특성을 살펴보고, 소비자단체의 발전 방안을 모색하는 데 필요한 근거 자료를 마련하고자 하였다. 이를 통해 지역을 기반으로 한 소비자단체가 소비자문제를 보다 효과적으로 해결할 수 있 는 구체적인 방안을 제안할 수 있기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 11개 소비자단체, 815개소 지부 및 지회 자료를 수집하여 국지 적 자기상관과 공간시차모델을 활용하여 분석하였다. 첫째, 소비자단체의 공간적 분포는 지리적인 특성에 따른 패턴을 찾기 어려웠다. 둘째, 소비자단체는 인구와 사업체 수가 많고 면적이 큰 지역일수록 더 많이 분포하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋 째, 소비자단체의 공간적 분포는 소비자상담 건수와 비교할 때, 소비자단체의 수요와 공급 간 불일치가 발생한다는 것을 나타낸다. 후속 연구에서는 소비자단체의 활동에 관한 질적 자료를 보충하여 분석함으로써, 소비자단체의 구체적인 발전 방안을 지속적으로 모색할 필요가 있다.

The purpose of this study was to provide the necessary data to explore the development plans of consumer organizations by looking at the spatial distribution of consumer organizations. This is because community-based consumer organizations can propose concrete measures to solve consumer problems more effectively. In this study, data of 11 consumer organizations and 815 branches were collected and analyzed using local indicators of spatial distribution and spatial lag model. First, it was difficult to find patterns according to the geographical characteristics of the spatial distribution of consumer organizations. Second, consumer organizations were more distributed in areas with large populations and businesses and large areas. Third, there is a discrepancy between the demand and supply of consumer organizations when compared with the number of consumer counseling. Based on this, it is necessary to constantly seek concrete development plans by supplementing the qualitative data on the activities of consumer organizations.

As an important cultural carrier, Korean language place names in China not only reflect regional characteristics and local culture but also carry rich social and historical memories. Research on the semantic features, spatial distribution patterns, and formation mechanisms of Korean place names in China is of great value for promoting the protection and inheritance of Korean cultural heritage in the country. However, existing studies are mostly limited to a combination of qualitative description and geospatial technology, focusing on analyzing spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors, while systematic exploration of their underlying formation mechanisms remains insufficient. Based on this, this study comprehensively utilizes mathematical statistics, GIS kernel density analysis, Geodetector, and historical documentary research to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics, driving factors, and formation processes of different types of Korean place names in China, taking Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as the study area. The results show that: (1) The cultural landscape of Korean place names in Yanbian Prefecture is cohesive, with a concentration of hotspots in the southeast. Additionally, natural toponyms are fewer in number than humanistic toponyms; (2) The distribution of natural toponyms is mainly affected by topographic conditions, river proximity, and vegetation cover. In contrast, cultural toponyms exhibit clustering characteristics due to natural geographic features and historical transportation routes, and this distribution pattern profoundly reflects the historical migration process and settlement evolution of Yanbian Prefecture; (3) The formation mechanism of the spatial patterns of these toponyms originates from the complex interaction of multiple factors, social regulation, and historical accumulation. This study enriches the cognitive dimension of the living environment of ethnic Koreans in China and reveals the multiple connotations of place names as "cultural fossils". It provides empirical evidence for cultural geography research and the protection of toponymic heritage in Yanbian, and also offers a new theoretical perspective for research in related fields.

본고는 값싼 재료와 다량생산이 가능한 제작기법을 사용하는 당대 마이크로 불교미술의 선구라 할 수 있는 모인니상에 대한 기초적 연구다. 모인니상은 진흙에 일정한 형틀이나 도장을 사용해 제작하는 10cm 안팎의 소형 불교미술이다. 모인니상은 값싼 재료를 사용하고, 일정한 형틀과도식을 이용하기 때문에 다량 복제가 매우 용이하다. 본고는 당대에 새롭게 등장하는 마이크로미술의 역사적 의미와 성격을 구명하기 위한 1차 작업으로, 당대 모인니상의 현황을 정리, 분석했다. 먼저, 지금까지 알려진 탁본 자료와 유물 자료들을 광범위하게 수집한 후, 이를 외형에 따라 5 가지 유형으로 분류하고, 각 유형의 도상을 정리했다. 그 결과 외형과 도상 간에 일정한 연관이 있음을 밝혔다. 당대 모인니상은 사찰뿐 아니라 門, 우물, 무덤 등 다양한 장소에서 사용되었으며, 도성 장안성 이외의 인근 지역에서도 제작되었다. 그리고 자은사나 서명사 등의 국가대사는 물론, 인구가 밀집된 西市 부근의 사찰들에서 다수 제작되었다.

This paper is a basic study on the mold-made Buddhist clay tile, which can be considered the pioneer of Tang Dynasty micro-art. The mold-made Buddhist clay tile is a small Buddhist art piece measuring about 10cm in size, made from clay using a mold or stamp. Because the mold-made Buddhist clay tiles use inexpensive materials and use consistent templates and diagrams, they are very easy to replicate in large quantities. This paper is the first work to investigate the historical meaning and characteristics of micro-art that newly emerged during the Tang Dynasty. For this purpose, I organized and analyzed the current status of the Tang Dynasty's mold-made Buddhist clay tiles. First, I collected a wide range of rubbings and artifacts known to date, classified them into five types according to their appearance, and organized the icons of each type. As a result, it was revealed that there is a certain relationship between appearance and iconography. In the Tang Dynasty, mold-made Buddhist clay tiles were used not only in temples but also in various places such as gates, wells, and tombs, and was also produced in nearby areas other than the capital city of Chang’an. In addition, many of them were produced at national temples such as C i’ensi(慈恩寺) Temple and Ximingsi(西明寺) Temple, as well as at temples near the densely populated Xishi(西市).

국내외에서 수행된 다양한 창업관련 연구들에 비춰볼 때 특정 지역을 대상으로 제조창 업 활동 및 공간분포 특성을 면밀히 고찰하고 고용효과를 분석한 연구는 드물다. 따라서 본 연구의 주된 목적은 지역 데이터를 활용하여 대경권 제조창업의 현황과 특성을 면밀 히 분석하는 데 있다. 우선 통계청의 전국사업체조사 마이크로데이터(인가용 서비스)를 활용한 기술통계분석을 통해 대경권 제조창업의 특성을 탐색적으로 살펴보았다. 더 나아 가 DID모형을 통해 대구, 경북 각 지역의 제조창업에서 비롯되는 고용효과 변화 추이를 시계열로 추정하였다. 분석결과 대경권 제조창업의 고용증가 효과는 장기적으로 확대되는 경향이 확인되었고, 특히 대구의 경우 그 효과가 더욱 두드러졌다. 분석 결과를 통한 정책적 함의는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대경권 제조창업의 장기적 고용확 대 효과를 고려할 때 제조창업의 양적 증가가 아닌 창업초기 기업의 생존 가능성을 제고 하는 데 정책의 무게 중심을 둘 필요가 있다. 둘째, 대구, 경북의 지리적 근접성과 산업구 조 및 창업활동의 유사성을 고려할 때 제조창업 활성화를 위한 공동 대응 거버넌스 구축 이 요구된다. 셋째, 대경권에서 제조창업이 활발한 업종들이 지역특화산업 분야와 동떨어진 다는 점은 신산업 육성기반이 미흡함을 의미한다. 향후 관련분야 제조창업 활성화를 통해 그 기반을 확충해 나가야 할 것이다. 끝으로 역내 제조창업 활성화를 위한 포스트 BI 기능 제고가 필요하며, 이때 제조업 집적지인 산업단지를 적극 활용할 필요가 있을 것이다.

When it comes to start-ups-related researches in the past, it seems rare to find ones analyzing characteristics of manufacturing start-ups with the focus on a certain specific region. Then, the purpose of this study is to precisely investigate characteristics and current situation of manufacturing start-ups in Daegu-Gyeongbuk region, using regional level data. To do so, descriptive statistical analysis was conducted first by using micro firm-level data provided by Statistics Korea. And using DID model, the study analyzed job creation effects of manufacturing start-ups of time lag in the region. Then, long-term job creation effects were found in both region and its effects of Daegu region were more distinctive. As a result, implications for policies promoting the growth of manufacturing start-ups in the region are as follows. First, considering long-term job creation effects of manufacturing start-ups, policies should be focused on increasing survival rate of competitive start-ups at early stage other than fostering them in quantity. Second, joint governance of Daegu-Gyeongbuk region showing geographical proximity and similar characteristics of industrial structure is required to handle issues related to promotion of manufacturing start-ups. Third, types of new industry that Daegu-Gyeongbuk region wants to strategically foster are quite different from the fields where regional start-ups are most actively formed. Therefore, industrial base for creation of new industry needs be intensified by promoting manufacturing start-ups in the region. Lastly, regional competence as post BI(business incubator) should be strengthened, fully utilizing industrial agglomeration such as industrial complex within the region.

본 연구의 목적은 제주시 비시가화지역 개발실태 분석에 있다. 첫째, 제주도는 전국에 비해 자연녹지지역과 관리지역이 상대적으로 높다. 따라서 이 지역에 대한 개발압력이 높다. 둘째, 제주시 건축허가와 건축신고 분석 결과, 건축허가는 동지역이 높았으며, 건축신고는 읍·면지역이 높았다. 이유는 읍면지역 건축규모가 동지역에 비해 작거나, 비도시지역 규제가 도시지역에 비해 완화되었기 때문이다. 따라서 비도시지역에 대한 건축규제 재검토가 필요하다. 셋째, 시가화지역과 비시가화지역 비교분석에서 비시가화지역이 시가화지역에 비해 건축행위가 2.7배 높았다. 그리고 용도지역별 비교분석에서 시가화지역은 주거지역이 높으나, 비시가화지역이 자연녹지지역과 계획관리지역이 높다. 따라서 비시가화지역에 대한 성장관리방안이 도입되어야 한다. 넷째, 공동주택은 택지개발 및 도시개발사업 지역에서 많았으며, 단독주택은 읍면지역에서 많이 공급되고 있다. 이는 제주로 유입되는 이주민이 주로 읍면지역에서 많이 살고 있으며, 이들의 정주환경을 개선하기 위해 다양한 인프라 공급이 필요하다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the status of non-urbanized area development in Jeju City. Jeju Special Self-Governing Province has relatively larger natural green area and management area than other regions in South Korea. Therefore, the pressure for development is relatively high in Jeju. This study finds that the number of building permits issued by Jeju city is higher in Dong areas, while the number of construction reports is higher in Eup-Myeon areas. The reason is that the size of buildings is smaller in municipal (Dong) area than in rural (Eup-Myeon) area or the regulation became relaxed in non-urban areas. Therefore, Jeju government needs to reconsider the construction regulations for non-urban areas. This study also finds that the frequency of buildings construction in non-urban areas was 2.7 times higher than urban areas. Because the urbanization areas have more residential areas but the non-urban areas have more natural greenery areas and planned management areas, a growth management plan should be introduced to the non-urbanized areas. In addition, apartment houses are mostly located in the residential development and urban development project area, while many houses are constructed in Eup-Myeon areas. The reason is that most immigrants into Jeju have settled in Eup-Myeon areas. To improve their settlement environment, various infrastructures need to be supplied in those areas.

우리나라 주력산업의 경쟁력 상실에 따라 새로운 성장동력산업의 발굴과 육성의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 따라 정부에서는 신성장동력산업을 선정 및 분류하고 육성을 위한 정책을 추진 중에 있다. 이 같은 상황에서 지방정부 차원에서도 기존의 전통산업이나 첨단산업 중심의 산업 유치 및 집적정책에서 나아가 신성장동력산업에 기반한 지역산업정책의 수립 및 실행이 필요한 상황이다. 그러나 어떠한 신성장동력산업이 특정 지역에 적합하며, 실제 발전가능성이 높을지 예측할 수 있는 기초연구는 매우 부족한 상황이다. 즉, 신성장동력 산업을 육성하고 발전시키기 위해서는 신성장동력산업의 입지나 집적특성과 같은 공간분포에 대한 기초연구가 선행되어야 하지만 이에 대한 연구는 매우 찾기 어려운 상황이다. 이에 본 연구는 정부의 신성장동력산업 분류에 따른 산업의 입지현황과 집적특성을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 1995년, 2000년, 2005년, 2009년의 4개년의 사업체 총조사 자료를 활용하여 신성장동력산업의 업종별 사업체 수를 읍면동단위로 구축하였다. 구축된 자료를 바탕으로 입지 중심점과 표준거리를 통하여 산업별 입지패턴과 그 변화를 분석하고, 최근린지수(NNI : Nearest Neighbor Index)와 EG지수(Ellison-Glaeser's Index of Industry Concentration)를 통하여 산업별 집적도와 그 변화를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석결과는 기본적으로 산업별로 정리되지만 전체적인 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 신성장동력산업의 입지중심점이 많이 입지하는 지역은 수원시(18), 과천시(9), 군포시(7) 순으로 나타나며, 수원시는 녹색기술산업, 과천시와 군포시는 첨단융합산업의 중심지로 분석된다. 두 번째, 표준거리는 녹색기술산업(46.95km), 고부가서비스산업(42.42km), 첨단융합산업(41.41km)순으로 나타났으며, 표준거리가 가장 작은 산업은 콘텐츠산업(26.59km)이었고, 가장 큰 산업은 먹는샘물산업(79.88km)이었다. 세 번째, 최근린지수 분석결과, 고부가서비스산업이 가장 집적된 입지를 하고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 고부가서비스산업 중에서도 교육서비스 없이 가장 낮은 최근린지수(0.478)를 나타낸다. 네 번째, EG지수의 지표 값은 대분류 산업 사이에는 큰 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, EG 지수가 가장 크게 나타나는 산업은 첨단철도 산업(0.1465)이었다. 본 연구는 현재 정부가 선정하여 육성 중인 우리나라의 신성장동력산업의 분류에 따라 산업별 입지와 집적형태를 분석한 연구로서, 기존의 산업분류에 따른 산업입지연구가 가지는 활용상의 한계를 극복한 연구로서 그 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 지방정부가 해당 지역에 유치가능성이 높으며, 산업의 성장가능성이 높은 적합한 신성장동력산업을 선정하고 지역산업정책을 수행하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

Recently, government had introduced policies and plans to develop New Growth Engine Industries. These policies and plans should be based on locational distribution and agglomeration characteristics of these industries. However, it is hard to find studies about New Growth Engine Industries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze locational distribution and agglomeration characteristics of New Growth Engine Industries. We used economic census data from Statistics Korea. We analyzed locational distribution by locational center point & standard distribution, and analyzed agglomeration characteristics by NNI(Nearest Neighbor Index). Major results of this study are as follows. First, after 2005, moving patterns of industrial locational center points are categorized three groups: keep moving to the south; moving back to the north; turning to the east. Second, standard distance of Green-Tech Industry and Conversion Industry is increasing, however, standard distance of High-Value Service Industry is decreasing. Third, New Growth Engine Industries' degree of agglomeration is not big as high-tech industries such as IT & BT. Fourth, agglomerated regions of service related industries are Yeouido, Gangnam, Seocho in Seoul and Yuseong in Daejeon, and agglomerated regions of manufacturing related industries are Namdong·Sihwa·Banwol industrial complexes.

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of hypertension prevalence and identify the demographic, behavioral, and community environmental factors associated with regional variation across 153 eup-myeon-dong administrative units in Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea.Methods: Secondary data analysis was performed using Community Health Survey data from 62,411 adults aged ≥ 30 years (2017-2021). The prevalence of hypertension was defined as the proportion of individuals diagnosed with hypertension by a physician. Spatial statistical indicators were obtained from the Statistical Geographic Information Service (SGIS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, choropleth mapping, global Moran’s I, local indicators of spatial association (LISA), and ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression analyses were performed.Results: The prevalence of hypertension showed statistically significant spatial clustering (global Moran’s I=0.442, p<.001), with high-high clusters concentrated in rural eup-myeon areas and low-low clusters in urban dong areas. Despite confirmed clustering, the LM lag and error tests indicated no statistically significant spatial dependence in the regression residuals. The regression analysis showed that the prevalence of hypertension increased in areas with a higher proportion of older adults, greater obesity prevalence, and higher satisfaction with public transportation, whereas stronger trust among neighbors and greater satisfaction with healthcare access were associated with a lower prevalence.Conclusion: These findings support a shift toward tailored nursing and public health interventions at the sub-district level, prioritizing rural high-risk areas and reflecting the distinct demographic, behavioral, and environmental contexts of each community.

This research aims to determine the contents, cooking, and serving styles of local Turkish coffee kinds in Turkiye and to reveal their differences from traditional Turkish coffee. In addition, the distribution of local Turkish coffee kinds determined according to cities and regions was determined. Document analysis was applied to determine the features of local Turkish coffee kinds. In the document analysis, local Turkish coffee kinds are divided into three basic categories according to the codes of “coffee content,” “serving style,” “cooking method,” and “difference from traditional Turkish coffee.” Turkish coffee in the first category is prepared without using coffee powder, and local Turkish coffee kinds in the second category differ from traditional Turkish coffee with their features such as the coffee beans are roasted and ground, the presentation of the coffee, the degree of cooking, and the cooking method of the coffee. Different products (local products) are mixed into the coffees in the last local Turkish coffee category. Additionally, local Turkish coffees specific to cities were collected under the “city/region authenticity” code. Black Cumin Coffee, Mırra Coffee, Menengic Coffee, Kenger Coffee, Turkish coffee cooked in a cup, and Dibek Coffee are common local Turkish coffee kinds in some cities and regions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the spatial distribution of hypertension prevalence and to investigate individual and regional-level factors contributing to the prevalence of hypertension in the region. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional research using the 2015 Community Health Survey. Total 64,473 people from 7 metropolitan cities were used for the final analysis. Geoda program was adopted to identify the regional distribution of hypertension prevalence and analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis using SPSS statistics 23.0 program. Multi-level analysis was performed using SPSS (GLMM). Results: The prevalence of hypertension was related to individual level factors such as age, monthly household income, normal salt intake, walking practice days, and regional level factors including number of doctors per 10,000 population, number of parks, and fast food score. Besides, regional level factors were associated with hypertension prevalencies independently without the effects of individual level factors even though the influences of individual level factors ware larger than those of regional factors. Conclusion: Respectively, both individual and regional level factors should be considered in hypertension intervention programs. Also, a national level research is further required by exploring various environmental factors and those influences relating to the hypertension prevalence.

이 연구의 목적은 폐기물처리시설의 입지 특성과 분포, 그리고 산업요인과의 공간적 연관성을 파악하는 것이다. Moran’s I와 LISA를 적용하여 전국 229개 시군구의 공간적 분포를 분석한 결과, 특정 지역에 폐기물 처리시설이 집중되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 산업요인의 11개 지표에 대한 요인분석을 통해 세 가지 유형으로 분류하고 폐기물처리시설과 이변량 Moran’s I 및 LISA 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 폐기물처리시설은 산업군과 유의미한 공간적 상관성을 가지는 것으로 나타났다. 제조업 및 기초생산·에 너지 산업군과는 정(+)의 상관관계를 가졌으며 지식·기술 산업군과는 부(-)의 상관관계를 보였다. 본 연구는 폐기물처리시설의 불균형 문제를 조명하고 생태산업개념 적용을 통해 산업 요인과의 산업공생 네트워크 중요성을 강조하였다. 또한 환경정의 실현과 순환경제로의 전환 촉진을 위한 정책적 함의도 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study is to identify the locational characteristics and spatial distribution of waste treatment facilities and their associations with industrial factors. Using Moran’s I and LISA, we analyzed 229 administrative districts and found that waste treatment facilities are concentrated in specific regions. Factor analysis of 11 industrial indicators classified them into three types, and bivariate Moran’s I and LISA analyses were conducted to explore their relationships with waste treatment facilities. As a result, waste treatment facilities were found to have a significant spatial correlation with industrial sectors. Waste treatment facilities exhibited a weak positive correlation with the manufacturing and basic production/energy sectors, while showing a negative correlation with the knowledge and technology sector. This study emphasizes the issue of the uneven distribution of waste treatment facilities and underscores the importance of Industrial Symbiosis Networks through the concept of Eco-Industrial Development. It also presents policy implications to promote environmental justice and the transition to a Circular Economy.

In temperate monsoon regions, extensive shallow landslides triggered by heavy rainfall are recurrent phenomena in mountainous areas. 1,357 landslides over Jinbu area, Korea that totaled 127 km2 were identified from aerial photographs and field survey. We examined characteristics of rainfall-induced shallow landslides and casual factors affecting landslide distribution with respect to topographic and forest settings, and land use. Most landslides occurred in the study area were the results of a complex combination of precondition, preparatory factors and triggering factors. Cumulative rainfall and high intensity rainfall during short period of time made the study area very sensitive to landslides and played as catalysts to enable other factors including topographic and forest settings, and land use to act more effectively. In addition, some landslides at lower elevation involved channel incision or bank erosion influenced by land use changes such as deforestation and intensification of agriculture surrounding riparian forests or hillslopes. The results suggest that most of landslide were triggered by heavy rainstorms while topographic, forest settings, and land use affected landslide distribution occurred in the study area.

본 연구에서는 제주도 지하수위 공간예측을 위하여 유한차분법을 이용한 MODFLOW 모델과 신경망과 잔차크리깅을 결합한 NNRK 모델을 적용하였다. MODFLOW 모델의 경우, 관측 지하수위와 예측 지하수 위의 차이는 0.014∼4.327m, 상대오차는 0.50∼50.82%로 나타났고 NNRK 모델의 경우, 관측 지하수위와 예측 지하수위의 차이는 0.022∼6.185m, 상대오차는 0.66∼49.35%로 분석되었다. MSRE에 기초하여 비공 간 통계학적 모델인 IDW는 SK 및 OK 모델보다 우수한 공간예측 결과를 나타냈지만, RK와 NNRK 모델보다는 예측성능이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 적용된 MODFLOW 모델과 NNRK 모델은 유사한 결과 를 나타냈으나 함양량과 지질구조를 고려한 조밀한 지역에서는 MODFLOW 모델이 상대적으로 우수하 게 나타났다. 또한, MODFLOW 모델은 NNRK 모델에 비해 지층별 지하수 유동과 양수량에 따른 지하수 두의 시간 변동 특성을 효과적으로 잘 반영하는 것으로 나타났다.

This study applied the MODFLOW model using finite difference method and the NNRK model combining neural network and residual kriging for spatial groundwater level prediction in Jeju Island, South Korea. For the MODFLOW model, the differences between observed and predicted groundwater levels were 0.014-4.327 m and the relative errors were 0.50-50.82 %. For the NNRK model, the differences between observed and predicted groundwater levels were 0.022-6.185 m and the relative errors were 0.66-49.35 %. Based on MSRE, IDW model, which is a non-spatial statistical model, showed better spatial prediction results than SK and OK models, whereas RK and NNRK models outperformed the IDW model. The MODFLOW model showed relatively better results than the NNRK model in dense areas considering recharge and geological structure although the MODFLOW and NNRK models produced similar results. Furthermore, the MODFLOW model was found to effectively reflect groundwater flow by strata and temporal groundwater head fluctuations due to pumping compared to the NNRK model.

본 연구는 투장강 유역 청나라 이주민 전통주거의 공간분포와 영향요인을 분석하여 이주민들이 어떻게 쓰촨 분지에 통합되고 지역 환경에 건축적으로 적응하여 독특한 주거형태를 형성하였는지를 파악하고자 한다. 이 연구는 정량적 지리학과 GIS 공간분석을 활용하여 투장강 유역 40개 현에 걸쳐 319개 구에 걸쳐 있는 지역을 종 합적으로 조사하였다. 연구결과, 자공, 이빈, 청두평야, 런쇼우 등 도시규모에 따라 분포가 크게 다르게 나타났다. 특정 현급 도시, 특히 자공시 푸순현, 피두구, 다안구 등 7개 고밀도 지역에 이주민의 향토 민가가 집중되어 있음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 지역환경, 교통접근성, 도시화 수준, 기후와 지리 등 자연조건이 주거형태에 미치는 영향 등이 분포를 형성하는 중요한 요인임을 규명하였다. 또한 이들의 위치에 영향을 미치는 역사적, 정치적, 경제적 맥락 을 파악하였다. 전반적으로 본 연구는 청나라 구립주거의 공간분포와 진화에 대한 이해를 높이고 특히 농촌진흥 노 력에 있어 이들 구조물이 귀중한 문화역사적 자원으로서 중요함을 강조한다. 본 논문은 청나라 건축유산에 대한 통 찰력을 제공하면서 급속한 도시화 속에서 이러한 전통주거를 보존하고 발전시킬 수 있는 과학적 토대를 제공한다.

This study delves into the spatial distribution and influencing factors of Qing Dynasty immigrants' traditional dwellings in the Tuojiang River Basin, aiming to understand how migrants integrated into the Sichuan Basin and adapted architecturally to local environments, thereby creating distinct residential forms. Employing quantitative geography and GIS spatial analysis, the research comprehensively surveys 319 vernacular dwellings across 40 counties in the Tuojiang River Basin. The findings indicate a concentrated spatial distribution in specific county-level cities, particularly in seven high-density areas such as Fushun County, Pidu District, and Da'an District of Zigong City, though the distribution varies significantly across different city sizes including Zigong, Yibin, Chengdu Plain, and Renshou. The study identifies critical factors shaping this distribution, including regional environment, transportation accessibility, urbanization levels, and the impact of natural conditions like climate and geography on dwelling forms. It also underscores the historical political and economic contexts influencing their locations. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of the spatial distribution and evolution of Qing Dynasty vernacular dwellings and underscores the importance of these structures as valuable cultural and historical resources, particularly in rural revitalization efforts. Offering insights into the architectural heritage of the Qing Dynasty, this study provides a scientific foundation for preserving and developing these traditional dwellings amidst rapid urbanization.

According to the REDD+ program, it is necessary to monitor, quantify, and report forest conditions in protected land areas. The objectives of this work were to quantify the average monthly aerial net primary productivity (ANPPMONTH) of semi-arid Chaco Forest at Copo National Park (CNP), Santiago del Estero, Argentina, during the period 2000-2023, as well as its spatial distribution and relationship, and its use efficiency (RUE) of average monthly rainfall (AMR). The ANPPMONTH model accounted for 90% of the seasonal variability from October to May, the average seasonal ANPPMONTH was 145 tons of dry matter per hectare (t dm/ha), being the maximum in January with 192 t dm/ha and the minimum in May with 91 t dm/ha. The surface area covered by ANPPMONTH exhibited a consistent positive trend from October to May (t test=15.65, p＜0.01). Strong and significant direct relationships were found between ANPPMONTH and AMRs, linear models explaining 90% and 96% of the variability, respectively. The results obtained become reference values for assessing the capacity of the forest systems to stock carbon for global warming mitigation and for monitoring and controlling their response to extreme climatic adversities. The average ANPPMONTH reduces uncertainty when defining the thresholds to monitor and quantify ANPP and forest area, thus facilitating the detection of negative changes in land use in CNP. Such results evidence the National Parks Administration’s high effectiveness for the maintenance of protected area and for the high ANPP of the FCHS of CNP in the period 2000-2023.

At present, most of economists and also experts have being made their extra ordinary attention on the theme of development of developing countries. Most of developing countries are now experiencing many kinds of changes in their economies. However, the problem is meanwhile they have to face other impediments in plenty which are belonged to their underdevelopment status. Sri Lanka is as a South Asian developing country has unique changes in its economic structure particularly after the introduction of open economy system in 1977. Based on the British colonial establishments, the country’s main exports are agriculture products. However, after the open economy system, the secondary export earnings have been proliferated. Particularly, garment productions made predominant contribution to the export sector. For an instance, since 1950 to 2014, the industry sector has been increased from 19.6% to 32.3% while agriculture sector has been declined from 46.3% to 10.1%. In these circumstances, the garment sector acted as the centripetal force to create hundreds of thousands job opportunities particularly in rural areas. Meanwhile, the thirty years of civil war made an irreparable lost to the country in both the physical and human properties. After end of the war in 2009, the country has a big gaining momentum to proliferate her economy with rejuvenation by considering the existing ‘demographic dividend’ and ‘peace dividend’ as windfalls of success.