Earticle

군 전장 환경과 부대 구조는 네트워크 중심전(NCW)의 구현과 새로운 첨단 장비의 개발로 인 해 빠르게 변화하고 있다. 유·무인 장비가 분산화되고 복잡하게 네트워크로 연결되는 미래 전장 환 경에서 지휘통제체계 소프트웨어는 상황 변화에 따른 적응을 통한 조직 생존성(Organizational Viability)과 다양한 기반 체계 간의 상호운용성(Interoperability)을 지원할 수 있어야 한다. 최근 역 할 기반(Role-based)의 접근 방법을 사용하여 조직 생존성의 특성을 충족하기 위한 어플리케이션 모 델들이 제시된 바 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 역할 기반 접근 방법을 사용하여 조직 생존성과 상호 운용성의 특성을 지원하는 미래 지휘통제체계를 위한 소프트웨어 아키텍처와 이에 기반을 둔 어플리 케이션의 구현 방안을 제시하였다.

Nowadays, Many advanced military technologies are changing the battle environment and the combat team organization. The army is moving to a more mobile fighting force with unmanned aerial vehicles and robots to deploy in dangerous tactical situations. So, the future of war will consist of literally thousands of robots and unmanned vehicles cooperating to achieve the goal autonomously. In this environment, it is very important for the software of command and control system to support organizational viability and interoperability. Recently, a new application model based on the role-based approach for supporting the organizational viability was suggested. In this paper, we suggest the software architecture for the command and control systems which can support organizational viability and interoperability using the new application model based on the role-based approach, and show the way to implement applications based on the suggested architecture.

To address the limitations of the traditional RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) model, particularly its inability to fulfill the requirements for hierarchical permissions and dynamic management in a business approval system, this paper introduces a new role-based access control model. This novel model is capable of dynamically creating, assigning, or revoking permissions, thereby achieving resource separation and multi-level permission management effectively. To demonstrate the model's feasibility, we applied it to a practical project. In this project, the JavaScript scripting language and the widely-used SSH (Struts2, Spring, Hibernate) framework were employed to implement the new model, which showcases enhanced capabilities in multi-level and dynamic multi-role permissions management.

공격 시나리오의 그래프 표현은 서버의 취약성 분석 및 공격의 방어를 위한 설계에 필수적인 방법이다. 이를 위해 다양한 요구사항 분석 모델이 이용되고 있으나, 복잡한 시나리오간의 결합을 표현할 수 있는 모델은 제한적이다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 역할 기반 페트리 넷(Role Based Petri Net)은 동시성과 시각적인 장점을 가진 페트리 넷을 역할 기반으로 구성하여 효과적 표현 모델을 제공하고 알려지지 않은 공격에 대한 시나리오를 효율적으로 표현할 수 있다.

Graph expression of attack scenarios is a necessary method for analysis of vulnerability in server as well as the design for defence against attack. Although various requirement analysis model are used for this expression, they are restrictive to express combination of complex scenarios. Role Based Petri Net suggested in this paper offer an efficient expression model based role on Petri Net which has the advantage of concurrency and visuality and can create unknown scenarios.

This study empirically examines follower gender as a crucial moderator connecting ethical leadership (EL) to organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and, subsequently, to department performance. We analyzed survey data from 485 employees in Chinese SMEs using AMOS 18.0 and SPSS 18.0 to investigate both mediating and moderating effects, thus clarifying how EL influences performance. The results indicate that EL enhances department performance through OCB, with a stronger EL-OCB relationship observed among female followers compared to male followers. These findings provide practical guidance: promote ethical role modeling and procedural justice to encourage OCB, implement transparent decision-making and fair recognition to strengthen prosocial behavior, and customize communication, feedback, and recognition strategies in gender-responsive ways to optimize OCB's impact on performance. By moving beyond a leader-centric perspective to consider follower characteristics, this study delineates when and how EL translates into unit-level performance via OCB.

London's BID, introduced in the early 2000s, has grown significantly to fill the gap between government services which have been decreased by the global recession and localism, and the demand for better services to strengthen competitiveness on a global level. Based on this background, this study comparatively analysed two BIDs in London with contrasting regional characteristics to find how BID works differently for the regeneration and sustainable development of regional business districts according to regional characteristics. As a result, the two BIDs ultimately had the goal of improving the local business environment and strengthening the competitiveness of local businesses and had a common point of working in close partnership with the public sector such as the local government. However, depending on the local situation and characteristics, it has been observed that there are differences in the strategies of work and the roles and relationships in the partnership with the public sector.

우리는 철강산업에서 후발주자였던 포스코의 혁신을 최고경영진의 역할에 중점을 두어 분석하였다. 특히, 가치 있는 자원을 많이 보유할수록 기업의 성과가 좋다는 자원준거관점에서 나아가 같은 자원이라도 자원의 구성, 자원 배열의 순서, 자원의 결합과정에서 창출되는 메커니즘에서 경쟁우위가 창출된다는 메커니즘 관점에서 포스코 내부구조를 분석하였다. 이를 위해서 40명의 임직원 인터뷰를 수행하였고 이와 함께 2차 자료를 바탕으로 주요 혁신이벤트 87개를 추출하여 포스코의 메커니즘 유형을 분석해 보고 혁신이 일어난 과정과 최고경영진의 역할에 관하여 심층 분석하였다. 유형분석을 통해 메커니즘의 내부구조를 볼 수 있었으며 각 자원들 사이의 상호작용, 결합과정에서 포스코 특유의 메커니즘이 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 지금까지 단지 개념적인 수준에서 연구되어 메커니즘 이론을 보다 구체적으로 발전시킬 수 있었으며 자원의 결합과정에서의 최고경영진 역할의 중요성을 강조할 수 있었다.

We analyze the process of innovation and the effect of a mechanism’s pattern on innovation through the case study of POSCO, a 21-year-old business. We apply a new analytical tool involving different types of mechanisms, propose new classifications, and determine the relationship among mechanism factors, including subject, environment, and resource. We demonstrate how POSCO, a latecomer in the Asia Pacific region, gained a competitive edge over its competitors through an invisible resource and analyze POSCO’s overall degree of innovation. Our study facilitates a deeper understanding of the mechanism theory, which has been studied only on the conceptual level so far.

본 연구는 임파워링 리더십이 부하직원의 철회행동에 미치는 영향 관계를 살펴보기 위해 자원보존이론을 적 용하여 조직기반 자아존중감의 매개효과와 역할 명료성의 조절효과를 실증적으로 검증하였다. 국내 정규직 직 장인을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 2달 간격으로 3회 실시하였으며, 최종 242명의 응답들이 자료분석에 사용 되었다. 프로세스 매크로 (PROCESS Macro)를 활용하여 조절된 매개효과를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조직기반 자아존중감은 임파워링 리더십과 조직원의 철회행동 (지각, 결근, 이직의도) 관계를 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 역할 명료성은 임파워링 리더십과 조직기반 자아존중감의 관계를 정(+)적으로 조절하는 것으로 나타났는데, 역할 명료성이 높을 때 임파워링 리더십의 효과가 더 강한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 임파워링 리 더십이 조직기반 자아존중감을 매개로 부하직원의 철회행동에 미치는 간접효과도 역할 명료성에 의해서 조절 되는 것으로 검증되었다. 끝으로, 임파워링 리더십과 철회행동 간 직접효과는 발견되지 않았다. 본 연구는 조직 구성원의 철회행동을 감소시키는 데 있어서 임파워링 리더십, 조직기반 자아존중감, 그리고 역할 명료성이 중요 한 자원이라는 점을 시사한다.

Based on conservation of resources theory, the present study examines how empowering leadership affects followers’ three withdrawal behaviors, focusing on (1) the underlying mechanism of organization-based self-esteem and (2) the boundary condition of role clarity. Data were obtained from 242 full-time Korean employees across three surveys with a two-month interval to examine empowering leadership to predict followers’ lateness, absenteeism, and turnover intention. Results from moderated mediation analyses with PROCESS indicated that organization-based self-esteem mediated the negative relationships of empowering leadership with lateness, absenteeism, and turnover intention. In addition, the indirect effect of empowering leadership on the three withdrawal behaviors via organization-based self-esteem was stronger for those who have more clear roles. No significant direct effect was found between empowering leadership and three withdrawal behaviors. Overall, findings emphasize the roles of empowering leadership, organization-based self-esteem, and role clarity as job resources in reducing employees’ withdrawal behaviors.

The purpose of this research is to explore whether social network sites (SNS) increases individual creativity by social network user characteristics through knowledge transfer antecedents. Date is collected through an online questionnaire from 220 SNS users and structural equation modeling is employed to analyze data. Results indicate that user characteristics including social interaction and social relationship positively were positively related to knowledge transfer antecedents namely, knowledge sharing and collective collaboration, however, social influence was positively related to only knowledge sharing. The study also introduces SNS user playfulness as a moderator between knowledge transfer antecedents and individual creativity. The study offer a new research model to explore the impact of SNS based knowledge transfer on SNS user outcome based on SNS user characteristics. The finding of study provide guidance to SNS practitioners on enhancing individual creativity.

Modern businesses increasingly depend on large and continuously growing volumes of data to inform strategic decision-making. However, the rapid pace of data generation presents significant challenges for traditional analytical methods to remain timely and effective. This has led to a growing need for AI-based Decision Support System (AI-DSS) to assist business management processes. The effectiveness of an AI-DSS extends beyond its technical capabilities; it also depends on alignment with business goals, ease of use, and its support for ethical and responsible decision-making. This paper evaluates and compares AI-DSS tools within business contexts using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) frameworks. They have been reliably used in selecting systems tailored to given priorities. The proposed MCDM framework considers key evaluation dimensions, including technical performance, strategic compatibility, usability, cost-effectiveness and other factors. By integrating these factors, the study offers a systematic approach to help organizations make more informed and context-sensitive decisions when selecting AI-DSS tools.

The importance of engaging communities is increasingly recognized within area-based regeneration programmes. There is also an acceptance within evaluation theory and the wider policy making and practitioner community that local people's involvement in the process of identifying and researching community needs and aspirations offers the potential to generate meaningful data while also facilitating a subsequent increase in community capacity and capital. However, there are a number of difficulties involved in negotiating a participatory approach which relate to the constraints of national policy, tensions in partnership structures, levels of commitment to community empowerment and community capacity. This paper explores the extent to which these barriers can be addressed by drawing on a number of projects undertaken in the Tyneside conurbation in north-east England which sought to encourage community involvement in evaluation by employing, training and supporting local residents to carry out a range of baseline and impact surveys. It shows that a model of participation can be developed which allows local people to play a successful role in the research process, while also delivering a range of data that will assist partnerships in the planning and analysis of services to meet local needs and facilitate regeneration. It is a model which is underpinned by a concern to facilitate empowerment, to foster inclusivity, and to ensure flexibility in research design and feedback to communities. It also has the potential to impact on institutional capacity within area-based partnerships, structures and environments, and as such it will be of interest to policy makers, practitioners and communities with a genuine commitment to adapting the principles of local people's participation in the process of change.

This study has identified the status of a preacher in the position of 'interpreter' and examined the influence of interpretation and explanation of the Bible text among the role and function of preachers in terms of the horizon of hermeneutics. In addition, the study identified a role of the preacher as a guider that supports believers to experience a word from the God and also as an interpretor based on such discussion along with the responsibility of him/her. The gist of the study was not to focus on which roles of a preacher are superior but to deal with the concern of a preacher as to how he/she can support audiences to experience and meet a word form the God in the rapidly changing era and situations in human society. A preacher as an interpreter of the Bible today tends to read and interpret the text in the horizons of expectation of audiences and promulgate it for having them build dynamic relationship with the text in the horizons of expectation. Hereupon, it is suggested for a preacher as a guider of experience to support audiences so that they can come to the world of 'text experience.'

배경: 초고령사회에 진입한 우리 사회는 노인의 주관적 안녕감에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 노인의 심리적 안정과 삶의 만족을 향상시키기 위해서는 개인적 요인인 종교유무와 환경적 요인인 가구소득, 그리고 인구학적 특성인 성별에 대한 관심이 요구되고 있다. 목적: 본 연구는 노인의 종교 유무가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향에 대해 가구소득의 매개효과를 확인 하고, 이에 더해 노인 가구소득의 매개효과가 성별에 따라 어떠한 차이가 있는지 검증하는 것을 목적으 로 한다. 방법론/접근 : 고령화연구패널(Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing) 조사자료 중 9차(2022년) 조사자료를 사용하였다. 고령자연구패널 조사대상자는 총 6,057명이 참여하였으며, 최종분석에는 분석에 사용된 측 정지표에 모두 응답한 6,045명의 자료를 SPSS 25, PROCESS Macro 프로그램을 활용하여 자료를 분석하 였다. 결과/결론 : 본 연구는 고령화연구패널 9차(2022) 자료를 활용하여 노인의 종교 유무가 주관적 안녕감에 미치는 영향과 가구소득의 매개효과, 성별에 따른 차이를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 첫째 종교 유무는 주 관적 안녕감에 긍정적 영향을 미쳤으며, 둘째 가구소득은 종교 유무와 주관적 안녕감 간의 관계를 부분 매개하였다. 셋째, 가구소득의 매개효과는 성별에 따라 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 시사점 : 연구결과를 바탕으로 노인의 주관적 안녕감을 향상시키는데 기여할 수 있는 정책적, 실천적 개 입을 위한 함의를 제시하였다.

Background: As our society enters a super-aged era, interest in the subjective well-being of the elderly has been increasing. To enhance the psychological stability and life satisfaction of older adults, attention should be given to personal factors such as religious affiliation, environmental factors such as household income, and demographic characteristics such as gender. Purpose: This study aims to examine the mediating effect of household income on the relationship between religious belief and subjective well-being among the elderly and to further verify how this mediating effect of household income differs according to gender. Methodology/Approach: Data from the 9th wave (2022) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) were used for this study. A total of 6,057 older adults participated in the survey, and data from 6,045 respondents who provided complete responses to all measurement indicators were included in the final analysis. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and the PROCESS Macro program. Findings/Conclusions: This study utilized data from the 9th wave (2022) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) to examine the effects of religious affiliation on subjective well-being among the elderly, focusing on the mediating role of household income and differences by gender. The analysis results showed that, first, religious affiliation had a positive effect on subjective well-being; second, household income partially mediated the relationship between religious affiliation and subjective well-being; and third, the mediating effect of household income did not significantly differ by gender. Implications: Based on the study findings, implications for policy and practical interventions that can contribute to enhancing the subjective well-being of the elderly were suggested.

소비자 만족과 브랜드 충성도는 많은 기업에 있어서 마케팅 목표로 추구되었다. 기존 연구는 만족이 브랜드 충성도와 장기적 기업의 이익에 유의한 긍정적 영향을 미친다는 것을 발견하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 소비자 만족이 브랜드 충성도에 미치는 영향을 구조적으로 탐색하고자 한다. 본 연구는 호텔 및 레스토랑 산업에서 소비자에 기초한 브랜드 자산과 브랜드 충성도의 관계에서 소비자 만족의 매개적 역할을 조사하고자 한다. 200명의 호텔 고객으로부터 설문지를 수집하여 데이터를 분석하였다. 연구모형의 모든 가설들은 구조방정식 모형을 통하여 검증되었다. 모형의 적합도는 모형을 수용할 수 있을 정도로 높게 나타났으며 6개의 가설 중 하나의 가설을 제외한 모든 가설이 채택되었다. 연구결과에 기초하여 관리적 시사점과 미래연구의 제안이 제시되었다.

Customer satisfaction and brand loyalty have been addressed as marketing goals for many companies. Previous research has found that satisfaction has a significant favorable impact on brand loyalty and long-term business profits. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of consumer satisfaction on brand loyalty structurally. This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of consumer satisfaction on the relationship between consumer-based brand equity and brand loyalty in the hotel and restaurant industry. We surveyed 200 hotel customers. All hypotheses in the proposed model were tested by using structural equation modeling method. The model fit indices show that the model is acceptable. 5 hypotheses except one were accepted. Based on the findings, managerial implications and directions for future research were also proposed.

The role of civil society in Vietnam can be primarily explained by process-based development and its strong political ties as the network is heavily dependent on the political structure. The local civil society network has been facing changes in its numbers of members, formality, and advocacy work in recent years that this paper aims to examine within the Vietnamese context. It therefore focuses on social and political processes concerning civil society and the state through three different case-studies that address both local, national, and international levels in addition to political, social, historical, and economic issues. Moreover, the paper attempts to discuss the growing problems of political power, privatisation, and personal connections due to the local authorities’ access to land, and marketization that create further separation among the state, civil society, and market. It demonstrates the analysis of the role or its relationship in the Vietnamese context in order to highlight the problems of its political structure that exacerbates the processes of formalizing, and expanding the foundations of the civil society in Vietnam. In summary, it can be argued that the current structure of the civil society is segmented, and decentralised, which blends with the processbased perspective with a clear evidence of political processes.

Recently, many companies are developing platform business models by applying IoT, big data, and AI technologies as a part of their digital transformation (DT) strategies. Using qualitative research method, the purpose of this study is to investigate how manufacturing companies use IT vendor’s capabilities to expand, integrate, and reorganize their capabilities in pursuing the new platform business model. Case studies were conducted on manufacturing companies that are pursuing big data-based platform business as their DT strategies. It was founded that the roles of IT vendors include joint development of the technology required for the platform business, formation of business ecosystem for platform services, and co-selling/co-marketing of the services to the target customers. Since the cases are limited to manufacturing companies, there may be limitations in the generalization of research results. Thus, more studies across various industries are suggested for the future study.