Earticle

So far, there is no technique of quantitative evaluation on danger related to industrial accidents. Therefore, as an endeavor for obtaining technique of quantitative evaluation, this study presents feature analysis of industrial accidents in manufacturing field using QUEST algorithm. In order to analyze feature of industrial accidents, a retrospective analysis was performed in 10,536 subjects (10,313 injured people, 223 deaths). The sample for this work chosen from data related to manufacturing businesses during three years (2002~2004) in Korea. The analysis results were very informative since those enable us to know the most important variables such as occurrence type, company size, and occurrence time which can affect injured people. Also, it is found that classification using QUEST algorithm which was performed in this study is very reliable.

Ultimate goal of this research is to develop a web-based forecasting system of industrial accidents. As an initial step for the purpose of this study, this paper provides a comparative analysis of 4 kinds of algorithms including CHAID, CART, C4.5, and QUEST. In addition, this paper presents the logical process for development of a forecasting system. Decision tree algorithm is utilized to predict results using objective and quantified data as a typical technique of data mining. The sample for this work was chosen from 10,536 data related to manufacturing industries during three years(2002~2004) in korea.

Many researches and analyses have been focused on industrial accidents in order to predict and reduce them. As a similar endeavor, this paper is to develop an expert system for prevention of industrial accidents. Although various previous studies have been performed to prevent industrial accidents, these studies only provide managerial and educational policies using frequency analysis and comparative analysis based on data from past industrial accidents. As an initial step for the purpose of this study, this paper provides a comparative analysis of 4 kinds of algorithms including CHAID, CART, C4.5, and QUEST. Decision tree algorithm is utilized to predict results using objective and quantified data as a typical technique of data mining. Enterprise Miner of SAS and Answer Tree of SPSS will be used to evaluate the validity of the results of the four algorithms. The sample for this work was chosen from 10,536 data related to manufacturing industries during three years in korea. The initial sample includes a range of different businesses including the construction and manufacturing industries, which are typically vulnerable to industrial accidents.

산업재해 통계분석의 커다란 목적은 각 산업별로 주 위험요인을 도출하고 이에 따른 안전교육의 실시 또는 안전장치 등을 보완함으로써 산업재해를 줄이거나 예방하는데 있다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 일반 제조업이나 건설업 등에서는 아직까지도 정량적 위험성 평가 기법이 개발되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 따라서 효율적인 위험성 평가 기법의 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 데이터마이닝 기법을 이용한 산업재해 예방을 위한 최적 알고리즘 선정 방법을 제시한다.

급속도로 발전하는 산업의 고도화와 이에 따른 업종의 다양화, 이에 동반되는 예상치 못한 산업재해는 불특정 다수에게 인적, 물적 피해를 야기 시키고 있다. 산업재해 예방을 위해 다양한 선행 연구들이 진행되었으나 이들 연구는 기존의 산업재해 데이터를 토대로 빈도분석, 비교분석을 통한 관리적, 교육적 등치 대책만을 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 산업재해 예방을 위해 객관적이고 정량화된 데이터를 통한 예측 분석이 가능한 데이터마이닝을 적용하여 대표적인 기법인 의사결정나무의 CHAID, CART, C4.5, QUEST 4가지 알고리즘 비교분석하여 산업재해 예방 및 전문가 시스템 구축을 위해 적용할 수 있는 최적의 알고리즘을 제시하도록 한다.

이 연구는 보조공학기구와 그와 관련된 보조공학서비스를 경험한 사용자의 만족도를 평가하기 위한 외국의 평가도구인 퀘백 보조공학 사용자 만족도 평가도구(Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction assistive Technology, QUEST 2.0)를 체계적인 번역절차에 따라 국내 문화에 맞게 한글로 번역하고 검증하여 한국어 번역판 퀘백 보조공학 사용자 만족도 평가도구(한국어 번역판 QUEST 2.0)를 개발함으로써 국내 보조공학 현장에서 보조공학 사용자 만족도를 평가할 수 있는 평가지를 제공하고자 실시하였다. 이 연구는 번역연구와 최종번역본에 대한 검사 단계로 진행하였으며, 최종본에 대한 검사는 현재 보조공학기구를 사용하고 있는 39명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성은 빈도분석 및 기술통계를 이용하여 산출하였고, 한국어 번역판 QUEST 2.0의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 내적일관성을 알아보는 Cronbach's α계수를 사용하였으며, 구성타당도를 검증하기 위하여 하위척도들간의 상호상관을 알아보는 Pearson 상관계수를 산출하였다. 한국어 번역판 QUEST 2.0의 신뢰도를 검증하기 위하여 내적일관성을 알아보는 Cronbach's α는 보조공학기구, 보조공학서비스, 전체 QUEST의 하위척도 각각에 대해 .702, .668, .778으로 나타났으며, 타당도를 검증하기 위하여 번역, 이해도평가, 역번역 등의 체계적인 단계에 보조공학관련 전문가들이 참여함으로써 타당도에 대한 검증은 이루어졌고, 구성타당도를 검증하기 위하여 하위척도간의 Pearson 상관계수는 .505로 .01수준에서 유의하다는 결과가 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 한국어 번역판 QUEST 2.0은 다양하고 광범위한 보조공학기구에 대해 평가가 가능하며, 다양한 장애유형과 연령에 적용이 가능할 것이다. 또한 소비자 관점의 만족도 평가도구로 사용이 간편하고 평가 대상자에게 보조공학에 관한 개인의 만족과 가치에 대한 경험을 쉽게 표현할 수 있으며 보조공학 현장에서 보조공학사 및 재활전문가들이 보조공학 성과를 측정하고자 할 때 유용한 도구로 사용되어질 것이다.

The Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology(QUEST 2.0) has become on important outcome assessment to capture user satisfaction in the field of assistive technology. The purpose of this study was to provide evaluation standards to indicate the improvement of individual's quality of life and possibilities of abandonment of assistive devices in Korea as well as the basic data for application of correct assistive devices by developing Korean version of Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology(QUEST) with foreign evaluation tool, QUEST that can grasp satisfaction by uses of assistive Technology devices and service, with systematic research method. In this study, the subjects' general characteristics were analyzed with percentage and frequency, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated for internal consistency and construct validity of the Korean QUEST. Cronbach's alpha coefficient showing internal consistency was .702, .668, and .778 on assistive technology device, assistive technology service and total QUEST. Construct validity of Korean QUEST was verified on validity as experts related to various stages of assistive devices, such as translation, back-translation, verification committee, test on understanding, etc. Correlation coefficient among sub-scales to figure out construct validity was above .505, and thus significant statistically(p<.01). With the above results, Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology's users were adapted using the process of valid translation such as translations suggested by various researchers, stages of back-translation, and verification of back-translation, and it was significant in construct validity, making it valuable to be used in assistive technology service facilities and agencies, etc.

대한민국의 게임 산업은 고부가가치를 창출하는 고수익 산업으로써의 위치를 확고히 하고 있다. 온라인의 급속한 발전에 따라 대한민국의 온라인 게임은 세계최고의 수준으로 급상승했다. 온라인 게임은 사용자들의 다양한 욕구충족을 위해 여러 장르로 세분화되어 발달해 왔는데, 이 중 MMORPG(Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game)는 현재 최고의 인기를 구가하고 있는 장르이다. MMORPG는 한국에서의 인기에 힘입어 각종 해외시장에 진출하고 있지만 인기를 얻고 있는 게임과 오히려 실패한 게임도 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 최고의 경쟁력을 가지고 있는 MMORPG의 인기요인을 로제 카이와가 주장한 "놀이와 인간"에서의 4가지 분류를 통하여 분석해 보았다. 또한 이것을 포함하고 있는 Quest 수행을 통하여 실제 중국에서 개발 및 서비스하고 있는 군주에서 실험하고 이를 분석하였다.

The game industry of the Republic of Korea is being firmly located with great benefit and value. As internet developing quickly, the online game of the Republic of Korea boosted up to the level of the best in the world. Online Game has been developed with various types to make the user satisfy. Among those, MMORPG(Massively Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game) is the most popular game type. MMORPG games have getting more popularity in many foreign market but some have failed. Therefore this essay analyzes the MMORPG which has most popular through out the 4 kinds dividing in "Play and Human" by Roger Caillois. Moreover I try to analyze and experiment. Also through out the accomplishing Quest from the Goonzu which is developed and serviced in China, it experimented and it analyzed. With the help of information technology.

Brother Anthony of Taizé was born in England in 1942, studied medieval literature at Oxford, then in 1969 joined the Community of Taizé in France as a religious brother. In 1980 he arrived in Korea, sent with other members of the community in response to an invitation from Cardinal Kim Su-Hwan. He became a full-time member of the faculty of the English Department at Sogang University (Seoul) in 1985, where he has twice served as Department Chairman. He is a founding member and former president of the Medieval and Early Modern English Studies Association of Korea. He is also active as a translator of modern Korean poetry and fiction. He took Korean nationality in 1994, with the name An Sonjae.

최근에는 게임을 플레이어가 직접 즐기는 것 뿐만 아닌 인터넷 방송을 통해 시청하는 경우도 늘 어났다. 따라서 예전처럼 기술력을 바탕으로 한 화려한 그래픽뿐만 아니라 플레이어 또는 시청자 에게 인상 깊은 스토리를 전달해주는 것 또한 중요해졌다. 본 논문은 게임에서 스토리를 전달하 는 방법 중 퀘스트를 인터랙티브 스토리텔링을 고려하여 레벨디자인 할 수 있는 저작도구를 설 계하고 구현하였다. 구현된 퀘스트 레벨디자인 저작도구는 NPC, 필드(몬스터), 아이템과 같은 배 경 설정을 한 뒤 이들을 연결해주는 인터랙션 설정을 마치면 여러 유형의 퀘스트가 설정해준 내 용을 바탕으로 생성된다. 이러한 방식으로 생성된 퀘스트는 인과 관계가 명확하여 플레이어로 하 여금 퀘스트의 내용을 쉽게 납득할 수 있도록 도와준다. 또 퀘스트 레벨디자인 저작도구는 프로 그래밍을 모르는 기획자도 쉽게 사용할 수 있고 이를 이용하면 시간과 비용이 많이 드는 퀘스트 기획, 제작에 사용 할 수 있을 것이다.

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of users watching game play through internet broadcasting as well as playing games directly. Therefore, it is important not only to show brilliant graphics based on technology as before, but also to convey impressive stories to players or viewers. In this paper, we designed and implemented an authoring tool that can design levels of quests, one of the methods of delivering story in the game, considering interactive storytelling. The implemented quest level design authoring tool allows the generation of various types of quests based on background contents such as NPC, field(monsters), items, and then by setting the interaction to connect them. The quests created in this way are clear in terms of cause and effect, and this helps the player to understand the details of the quests easily. Also, the quest level design authoring tool can be easily used by organizers who do not know the programming methods, and it can be used for the planning and production of time-consuming, costly quests.

Design of Reverse Stirling Cycle based refrigerator can be predicted by Schmidt theory as a useful tool and by experiment it is found that for practical purposes the power and efficiency predicted by this analysis are about 35% of the actual values. Therefore, appropriate provision is to be made for getting the realistic result with the minimum deviation. The present paper first investigates the suitability of application of Schmidt design analysis for standard ZIF-1002 and PLN-106 Single cylinder Cryogenerator model. As the result is found to be optimistic, the same design procedure is applied for the design of a separate Cryogenerator for generating a cooling effect which is sufficient to produce 7 kg per hour liquid nitrogen using an indigenous condenser of 80% effectiveness. The paper describes all the details of the design methodologies and relevant results are found to be satisfactory.

Despite the seeming clarity of the notion of a “subject” in the field of language, arts, and other forms of representation, there does not seem to exist a clear cut between the producer and the interpreter of such representations. The need for a redefinition of a “subject” in the digital age, which has been extended to its extremes, is aroused by recalling what some of the definitions of a subject has been in the former ages in other forms of media. This paper is an attempt to unravel the notions of a subject that are present within some of the art productions in the digital age. This paper is an attempt to identify subjectivity in digital technology and eventually in artificial intelligence by revisiting the very basis of digital representations, the binary number system.

William Carlos Williams’ concept of the “contact” is pivotal in understanding his work and poetical theories. What Williams means by contact functions as an important question putting into consideration the distinct historical and cultural identity of the period. For Symbolist poets the things of this world become symbols through which they strive to express abstract ideas above words. But for Williams Symbolist poetic tropes such as simile and metaphor stick to the associational or sentimental value and only blur the uniqueness and the individuality of things. He objects to the way that the trope of similarity deprives language of particularity and presence. Instead, Williams emphasizes the Precisionist and Objectivist language that does not describe or classify the meanings of words. Williams proposes that if there is to be artist’s own presence in his poetry, it must be impersonal and objective. And he compels his readers to focus on the vivid gestalt of “things” he presents in his poems. Williams’ poetical theory is not simply distinguishable from that of Symbolist poetry; but his Precisionist Objectivism serves as a stepping stone to his vision of both American identity and modernist culture. His awareness of American locality leads to his discovery that the American voice must be the foundation of American verse. For him a true American voice reflects “presence” and “particularity” that characterize the immediate cultural and historical ground on which the American stands. Williams’ poetry becomes a microcosm of his culture and society in which he captures and names an identifiable relation with the moment and place where he exists. Preferring to let the actual words that he finds in his immediate environment speak for themselves, Williams only shows by silently pointing in order to present the topography of his time. In Williams’ poetry every object has not simply its own locality but names the unique and particular historical context in which it is situated.