Earticle

This study investigates the impact of information system capabilities (infrastructure capability, human resource capability, administrative capability) on firm performance with a dual mediating effect of innovation and business process performance and the moderating effect of entrepreneurial marketing in Indian SMEs. Based on the resource-based view theory, the conceptual framework has been developed. The structural equation modelling was utilized for the sample of 285 responses. The results demonstrate that information system capabilities positively impact firm performance. This research fills a gap in the literature by investigating the relationship between information system capabilities, business process performance, innovation performance, entrepreneurial marketing and firm performance. Additionally, innovation performance and business process performance have a significant mediating effect between information system capabilities and firm performance. Entrepreneurial marketing has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between information system capabilities and firm performance. this study provides valuable insights for practitioners and managers regarding information system capabilities in SMEs. This study builds a multi-dimensional hypothesized model, including mediating and moderating roles affecting the relationships.

Information technology (IT) process standards are widely achieved by organizations, especially in IT industry, not only to improve their capabilities but also to provide better services to their clients. In South Korea, most major IT vendors are spin-offs — subsidiary IT firms separated from their conglomerate groups but still are the members of affiliates in their conglomerate groups. These IT vendors take a large part of the South Korean market due to the guaranteed contracts with their affiliates’ IT departments. However, as the market became bigger and more mature, and foreign vendors participated more in the market, South Korean vendors began to introduce diverse IT process standards, such as CMMI, SPICE, eSCM and ITIL, to enhance their apabilities, albeit without sufficient deliberation. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to identify major IT process standards that have been achieved by IT vendors and to examine their impact on firm performance. A survey was done to gather data. This paper covers the survey and analysis from the results to see how vendors improve their IT capabilities by achieving what kind of IT process standards.

This study examined the effects of an Outcome-Present State Test (OPT) Model-Based Computerized Nursing Process Program (OPT-CNPP) on clinical performance confidence and clinical practicum satisfaction among fourth-year nursing students. A quasi-experimental design was used to compare an experimental group utilizing the OPT-CNPP with a control group using traditional, paper-based methods. Both outcomes were measured using a 100-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at three time points (pre-test, week 1, and week 2 of clinical practice). Data were analyzed using Repeated Measures ANOVA. The results showed that students utilizing the OPT-CNPP demonstrated significantly higher confidence and satisfaction compared to the control group (Confidence: F=9.21, p=.003 for group effect; Satisfaction: F=9.01, p=.003 for group effect). A significant group-by-time interaction effect was also confirmed for both confidence (F=13.50, p<.001) and satisfaction (F=10.05, p<.001). The OPT-CNPP effectively enhances student confidence and satisfaction, supporting its role as an optimal clinical reasoning education strategy.

In recent decades, some managerial researchers have focused on international new ventures, or as they are often called, Born globals(BGs). Knight et al.(2004) attribute the dramatic increase in global business activity and the flourishing of BGs to the emergence of advanced technologies and to the increase in global infrastructures. Innovation is critical in high-tech industries, where firms face greater uncertainty and competition for new product share. In the dynamic capabilities perspective, firms need to continuously build, integrate, and reconfigure their skills and abilities to adapt to their environment and sustain competitive advantage. The most important capabilities in the area of innovation are expoitation and exploration. This study investigates the role of innovative capabilities in the relevant but understudied context of Born Globals. This paper aimed to investigate the innovation process of Chinese Born Globals through the role of exploitative and explorative capabilities in two ways: 1) how exploitative and explorative capabilities are influenced by international entrepreneurial orientation and 2) how those capabilities affect international performance as the outcome of innovation.

생물학적 폐수처리 시스템은 시간에 따른 유입 폐수량의 변화가 크고, 처리장으로 유입되는 폐수내의 다양한 성분과 농도의 변화 가 클 뿐 만 아니라, 처리공정 내에서 매우 가변적인 생물학적 반응을 나타내는 특징을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 측정된 공정 데이터에 가장 적합한 다변량 동적 공정 모델이 자동으로 생성되도록 고안된 학습기반 유전자 프로그래밍(GBGP)이라는 진화적 전산 지능을 사용한 자동 공정 모델 유도 시스템을 제안하였다. 이 자동 공정 모델 유도 시스템은 유전자 프로그래밍의 진화적 자기구성 시스템 과 유전학 및 자연선택 메카니즘을 통해 학습 시스템을 사용하여 만들어진 다변형 비선형 모델 진화를 위한 다양한 수학적 기능과 결합되어 있다. GBGP에서 4단계의 모델링 절차가 수행되었다. (1) context-free grammar를 이용하여 P 모델의 초기 개체군(세대 K=0)을 생성시키는 초기화, (2) 변수와 상수의 각 모델에 대한 최적화, (3) 각 모델에 대한 적합도 실행 및 평가, (4) 세대 K=Kmax 가 될 때까지 반복 실행하는 유전자 루프(genetic loop). 모델링 결과 학습기반 유전자 프로그래밍(GBGP)으로 만들어지는 다변량 동 적 공정 모델링 기술이 실제 처리장 규모의 KNR 생물학적 고도처리 공정을 높은 정확도로 출력을 예측하고 주요 작동 변수를 식별 하는 데 유용한 도구임을 보여주었다. 이 모델은 엔진니어가 데이터에 숨겨진 중요한 지식을 알아내고 더 나은 처리장 운영 및 제어 전략을 개발할 수 있도록 이해하기 쉬운 수학 공식의 형태로 자동적으로 생성된다

Biological wastewater treatment systems are characterized by large temporal variability of inflow, variable concentrations of components in the incoming wastewater to the plant, and highly variable biological reactions within the process. This paper proposes an automatic process model induction system using an evolutionary computional intelligence, called grammar-based genetic programming (GBGP), that is specially designed to automatically discover multivariate dynamic process models that best fit observed process data. This automatic process model induction system combines an evolutionary self-organizing system of genetic programming paradigm with various mathematical functions for a multivariate nonlinear model evolution using a grammar system via the mechanism of genetics and natural selection. In the GBGP, a four-step modelling procedure was performed: (1) initialization: generatr an initial population of P models using contex-free grammar. generation K=0; (2) optimize each model (variables and constants) in the population; (3) execute and evaluate the fitness of each model in the population; (4) genetic loop: repeat until termination criterion is met (maximum generation Kmax). The results demonstrate that the multivariate dynamic process modelling technique presented using a grammar-based genetic programming (GBGP) provides a valuable tool for predicting the out puts with high levels of accuracy and identifying key operating variables for the full-scale KNR biological nutrient removal process. These modells are derived automatically in the form of understandable mathematical formulas that enable engineers to extract important knowledge hidden in the data and develop better operation and control strategies.

하폐수처리공정은 복잡한 생물학적 처리과정과 많은 입력변수들의 시간에 따른 강력한 동적인 변동성으로 인해서 이 전의 운전 상황이 차후의 운전상황에 많은 영향을 미친다. 이런한 현상을 시간지연 효과라 한다. 강력한 비선형 매핑 (mapping) 특성 때문에 신경망은 구조 기반 모델에 대한 모델링 및 식별 도구로서의 이점을 제공하지만, 일반 인공신경 망(ANN)의 경우 시스템 설계방식(architecture)의 결정 및 시스템에서의 시간 지연과 관련된 주요 입력 변수의 선택은 쉽 지 않다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 시간 지연 신경망과 유전자 알고리즘을 결합한 유전자 적응형 시간 지연 신경망 (GATDNN)을 개발하여 바덴포(Bardenpho) 고도하수처리 공정 모델링에 적용하였다. GATDNN에서 3 단계 모델링 절차 가 수행되었다. (1) 각 특정 출력에 대한 예측 정확도를 극대화하기 위해 중요한 입력 변수 선택 (2) ANN 기반 프로세스 추정기에 적합한 네트워크 토폴로지(topology)를 찾기 (3) 민감도 분석. 모델링 결과 GATDNN을 사용하여 제시된 모델 링 기술이 높은 정확도로 출력을 예측하고 주요 작동 변수를 식별하는 데 유용한 도구임을 보여주었다. 이 작업은 고도 하수처리장 운전을 위한 신뢰할 수 있는 제어 전략의 개발을 가능하게 하여 엔지니어의 부담을 줄여 줄 수 있다.

Wastewater treatment systems are characterized by large temporal variability of inflow, variable concentrations of components in the incoming wastewater to the plant, and highly variable biological reactions within the process. The behavior of observed process variables within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) at a certain time instant is the combined effect of various processes initiated at different moments in the past. This is called a time-delay effect in the system. Due to the nature of strong nonlinear mapping, neural networks provide advantages as a modeling and identification tool over a structure-based model. However, the determination of the architecture of the artificial neural networks (ANNs) and the selection of key input variables with a time delay is not easy. In our research, a genetic adapted time-delay neural network (GATDNN), which is a combination of time-delay neural network (TDNN) and genetic algorithms (GAs), was developed and applied to the full-scale Bardenpho advanced sewage treatment process. In a GATDNN, a three-step modelling procedure was performed: (1) selection of significant input variables to maximise the predictive accuracy for each specific output; (2) finding a suitable network topology for the ANN-based process estimator; (3) sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate that the modelling technique presented using a GATDNN provides a valuable tool for predicting the outputs with high levels of accuracy and identifying key operating variables. This work will permit the development of a reliable control strategy thus reducing the burden of the process engineer.

본 연구의 목적은 고성과 화장품 방문판매원의 직업생애발달과정상 단계와 특성을 분석 하고 고성과 화장품 방문판매원이 갖추어야 할 핵심역량이 무엇인지를 밝혀내었다. 고성과 화장품 방문판매원의 직업생애발달과정을 입문과 성숙이라는 맥락에서 입문기- 성장기-과도기-확신기-성숙기 다섯 단계로 구분되었다. 그리고 고성과 화장품 방문판매원의 내적인 특성과 핵심역량이 무엇인가를 Spencer & Spencer(1998) 핵심역량을 근거로 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 고성과 화장품 방문판매원의 핵심역량으로 이미지역량과 베풂의 역 량이 새롭게 도출되었다. 실제로 고성과 화장품 방문판매원의 이미지역량과 베풂의 역량은 제품 상담은 물론, 교육문제와 집안 문제 등 고객의 사적인 고민을 상담하는 해결사 역할 과 ‘정(情)’을 중시하는 한국사회의 ‘관계 지향적’인 사회정서와 높은 관련성이 있다. 또한 방문판매원은 자신의 전문분야에 대한 지속적인 계발과 함께 또 다른 목표를 가지고 강한 열정과 좌절하지 않고 새로운 목표를 정해 지속적으로 도전하는 특성이 발견되었다. 하지만 본 연구가 모형의 타당도를 높이기 위해 부산ㆍ울산ㆍ경남지역에서 균형적으로 표집하 였지만, 일반적인 이론을 도출하기에는 한계가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to analysis characterize of cosmetics salesperson's job and career development and to find critical core competencies of high performance cosmetic salesman. High performance cosmetics salesman's job and the career development process was divided into five levels as like entrance, growth, transition, confident and maturity. High performance cosmetics salesman who take a job is usually encountered scams and life events such as her husband unemployment and to overcome the economic difficulties of the home and the salesman has a strong passion not frustrated and he continues to set new goals to challenge were founded in maturity. A high-performance cosmetic salesman's the seven core competencies are derived. Above all, a high performance cosmetics salesman practiced give and take to the customer and he was awared the principle of Giving. Based on these results, if the core competencies of high performance Cosmetics salesman are educated to the average cosmetic salesman, the average cosmetic salesman to take professional counseling and the company's sales effectiveness will be improved at the same time.

하수 3차 처리수 내 잔존하는 pharmaceuticals and personal care products(PPCPs)를 분석하고 UV-AOP에 의한 제거 여부를 분 석하였다. UV-AOP 공정에 사용된 산화제는 과산화수소였다. 3차 처리 이후의 극미량의 농도를 고려하여 고상추출법을 이용하여 농축하였다. 254 nm 단일 파장이 나오는 램프와 185 nm와 254 nm가 나오는 램프를 이용하였다. UV 조사량은 반응조 체류시간 으로 조정하였으며 3단계로 구분하였다. 조사량의 범위는 701~1,683 mJ/cm2이었다. 평균 제거율은 조사량별로 경향을 보였으며 254 UV nm램프에서 59.4~77.5%, 185/254 nm 램프에서 61.6~76.0%였다. 평균제거율을 비교하면 185/254 nm UV 램프가 약간 우세하였으나 물질별로 비교하면 큰 차이를 보이지는 않았다. 물질별로도 254 nm UV 램프가 우세한 제거율을 보인 종이 8종, 185/254 nm UV 램프는 3종이었으나 육안으로 식별 가능한 차이를 보인 종은 각각 5종이었다. 높은 조사량에서 85.0% 이상의 제 거율을 보인 종은 공통적으로 Iohexol, Iopamidol, Iopromide, Sulfamethoxazole 4종이었으며 그 외 60.0% 이상의 제거율을 보인 종은 Acesulfame, Benzotriazole, Naproxen 3종이었다.

The pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) remaining in the sewage tertiary treated water were analyzed and removed by UV-AOP treatment. The oxidizing agent used in the UV-AOP process was hydrogen peroxide. PPCPs analysis was performed using a solid phase extraction method considering the trace concentration after the third treatment. A single wavelength UV lamp of 254 nm and a double wavelength UV lamp of 185 nm and 254 nm were used. The UV irradiation dose was adjusted to the hydraulic retention time of the reactor. The dose range was 701 to 1,683 mJ/cm2 and divided into three levels. The average removal rate showed different tend by dose, and was 59.4 to 77.5% in the 254 nm UV lamp and 61.6 to 76.0% in the 185/254 nm UV lamp. When comparing the average removal rate, the 185/254 nm UV lamp was slightly superior, but there was no significant difference when comparing by each product. By species, 8 species showed a higher removal rate of 254 nm UV lamp and 3 species of 185/254 nm UV lamp, but 5 species showed differences that were discernible with the naked eye. Iohexol, Iopamidol, Iopromide, and Sulfamethoxazole were the most common species that showed removal rates of over 85.0% at high doses. Acesulfame, Benzotriazole, and Naproxen were the three species that showed removal rates of over 60.0%.

본 연구는 경상북도 포항시에 위치한 구룡포 공공하수처리장에서 염도가 하수처리공정, 특히 질산화 반응에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 구룡포 처리장은 외부 탄소원을 추가하지 않고 질소를 제거하는 DeHASS 공법을 적용하고 있으며, 이 공법은 먼저 질산화균을 통해 암모늄(NH₄⁺-N)을 아질산으로 산화한 후, 아나목스균을 이용해 암모늄과 아질산을 질소가스로 전환하는 방식이다. 겨울철에는 지역 수산물 가공 활동으로 인해 유입수의 염도가 증가하며, 이는 질산화균의 활성을 억제하고 처리 효율을 저하시키는 원인이 된다. 이에 따라 2019년부터 2023년까지의 수질 자료와 2024년 현장 시료를 바탕으로 각 처리 단계에서 NH₄⁺-N과 NO₃⁻-N 농도를 분석하고, 염도 수준별 처리 효율을 평가하였다. 분석 결과, 염도가 5‰을 초과하면 질산화율이 60% 이하로 떨어졌으며, 염도가 9‰을 초과하면 50% 이하로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과는 고염수 유입이 예상되는 하수처리시설에서, 유입조의 충분한 체류시간 확보, 자동화된 염도 모니터링 시스템 도입, 내염성 미생물 활용 등의 대응 방안이 필요함을 시사한다.

This study analyzed the effect of salinity on wastewater treatment processes, particularly focusing on nitrification. The case study was conducted at the Guryongpo Wastewater Treatment Plant, which applies the DeHASS process. In this process, ammonium (NH₄⁺-N) is first oxidized to nitrite by nitrifying bacteria, and then ammonium and nitrite are converted into nitrogen gas by anammox bacteria. Based on water quality data from 2019 to 2023 and field samples collected in 2024, concentrations of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N at each treatment stage were analyzed, and treatment efficiency was evaluated according to salinity levels. The analysis revealed that when salinity exceeded 5‰, the nitrification rate decreased to below 60%, and when salinity exceeded 9‰, it fell to below 50%. These results suggest that wastewater treatment plants expecting high-salinity influent should implement countermeasures such as securing sufficient hydraulic retention time in the influent tank, introducing automated salinity monitoring systems, and utilizing halotolerant microorganisms.

Knowledge about academic writing is important to be promoted among the community in Institutes of Teacher Education Malaysia (ITEMs) as the teacher trainees will need to teach these academic writing skills to their students in the future. Additionally, the amalgamation of digital technologies and instructional practice is known to be able to ignite the change in the teacher trainees’ learning of academic writing. As such, this study was conducted by adopting a single group quasi-experimental research design to investigate the effects of digital writing software as a tool for process approach to writing on teacher trainees’ academic writing performance. The study was done on 10 teacher trainees at one ITEM using pre- and post-tests, observation, and reflective journal. Findings indicate that the use of digital writing software as a tool for process approach to writing does improve the teacher trainees’ academic writing performance. The eclectic approach proposes an effective way of enhancing the writing process and increasing the teacher trainees’ motivation to write digital conceptual papers. The use of digital writing software as a tool for process approach to writing can be carried out over an extended duration to develop better comprehension and practice of academic writing.

본 연구는 4차 산업과 글로벌시대에 걸맞는 공연예술문화의 가치 창출 및 활성화를 위해 현시대 공연예술 소비자의 문화향유방식 및 니즈 변화에 반응하고 있는 대표적인 공연예술 영상화사업을 선정, 공연산업의 새로운 문화가치 창출 가능성을 확인하고 제작과정의 중요한 제반사항과 주안점을 파악하고자 하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 NESTA에서 작성한 'NT Live-Digital broadcast of theatre Learning from the pilot season'(2011)보고서 분석을 중심으로 시네마 브로드캐스트 공연 영상화사업의 성공적 선도 모델인 영국 로열 내셔널 시어터의 "NT Live" 사업의 기획 의도, 제작 프로세스(저작권 협의, 인력구성, 촬영 및 중계), 마케팅 방식과 관객층을 면밀히 분석하여 기존 공연예술과 차별화되는 제작과정 및 문화 예술적 가치를 파악하고 공연 영상화 사업의 지속가능성을 위한 행·재정적 주안점을 정리하고자 한다. 이를 통하여 시네마 브로드캐스트(공연실황 중계) 공연 감상 방식이 새로운 공연예술 상품으로서 예술적·문화적·경제적 가치를 가지는 원천 창출의 가능성을 확인할 수 있을 것이다. 또 한 관객들의 문화 향유방식과 소비 형태에 반응하는 다양한 공연 접근 활로 개척이 공연예술 분야의 대중성 향상과 관객층 확대를 통한 공연예술 영상화 사업 활성화라는 결과를 가져올 수 있을 것이라 예상한다.

This study aims to select representative performance art visualization projects that react to changes in the culture enjoyment methods and needs of contemporary performance art consumers for performance art culture value creation and vitalization that suit the Fourth Industry and a global age, verify new cultural value creation possibilities of performance projects, and look into important matters and keynotes of production processes. Focusing on the report 'NT Live-Digital broadcast of theatre Learning from the pilot season'(2011), a thorough analysis was conducted on the Royal National Theatre of England, a leading model of cinema broadcast performance visualization projects, including the purpose, production processes (copyright agreements, personnel compositions, filming and broadcasting), marketing methods, and audiences of its "NT Live" project and observations were made of production processes and cultural and artistic values that differ from existing performance art to examine administrative and financial keynotes for the sustainability of performance visualization projects. Through this, possibilities of source creations with artistic, cultural, and economic values that cinema broadcast (live performance broadcast) performance viewing methods have as a new form of performance art products can be verified. In addition, the development of various performance approaches that respond to the culture enjoyment methods and consumption patterns of audiences will result in the vitalization of performing arts visualization projects through the enhancement of popular appeal and the expansion of audience types of the performing arts field.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop the nursing process based performance measurement tool and the evidence based care standards for nursing care in medication management and blood transfusion. Methods: The care standards and performance measurement tool were drafted through comprehensive review of relevant literature, national guidelines, hospital protocols, and standards of recognized international accrediting bodies. The proposed care standards and performance measurement tool were reviewed by the panel of experts and refined based on the panel's suggestions. Final care standards and performance measurement tool were validated by surveying the hospital nurses. Results: All items of the performance measurement tool for medication management and blood transfusion were evaluated appropriate. All contents of care standards and the measurable elements except the evaluation of discharge education were appropriate. The performance measurement tool developed in this study was found to be acceptable as a tool to evaluate quality of nursing care in medication management and blood transfusion. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study including the performance measurement tool and evidence based care standards would be the important indicators to monitor whether necessary nursing care is implemented and be the useful primary resources to improve quality of nursing care services.

최근에 많은 기업들이 기업 목표를 달성하기 위해 프로세스 혁신이나 개선을 지속적으로 꾀하고 있으며, 이를 지원하는 도구로 BPM (Business Process Management)이 많이 도입되고 있다. BPM의 생애 주기는 프로세스 진단, (재)설계 및 실행으로 이루어지는데, 모든 BPM 활동들은 성과 척도와 밀접한 관련을 갖고 운영되어야 한다. 본 논문의 목적은 프로세스 기반 성과 측정 모델과 통합된 생애 주기 기반 BPM 프레임워크를 제안하는 것이다. 제안 프레임워크에서는 BPM 전 생애 주기 동안 비즈니스 프로세스와 성과 척도가 체계적인 상관관계를 가지고 밀접하게 운영된다. 기업의 혁신이나 개선 담당자들은 제안 프레임워크를 사용하여 프로세스 진단 단계에서는 기업 성과에 가장 영향을 주는 프로세스를 용이하게 확인할 수 있고, 프로세스 (재)설계 단계에서는 새롭게 설계된 프로세스의 성과를 측정할 수 있으며, 프로세스 실행 단계에서는 성과 척도를 모니터하여 비즈니스 활동 들을 조정할 수 있게 된다.

Many enterprises have recently been pursuing process innovation or improvement to attain their performance goal. To comprehensively support business process execution, the concept of business process management (BPM) has been widely adopted. A life cycle of BPM is composed of process diagnosis, (re)design, and enactment. For aligning with enterprise strategies, all BPM activities must be closely related to performance metrics because the metrics are the drivers and evaluators of business process operations. The objective of this paper is to propose a life cycle-based BPM framework integrated with the process-based performance measurement model, in which business processes are systematically interrelated with key performance indicators (KPIs) during an entire BPM life cycle. By using the proposed BPM framework, company practitioners involved in process innovation projects can easily and efficiently find the most influencing processes upon enterprise performance in the process diagnosis phase, evaluate the performance of newly designed process in the process (re)design phase, monitor the KPIs of new business process, and adjust business process activities in the process execution phase through the BPM life cycle.

본 연구의 목적은 신경심리검사를 통해 정신병질자의 의사결정과 반응역전 능력을 확인하여 일차와 이차 정신병질자의 신경학적 기능이상을 추론하는 것이었다. 먼저 대학생 500명에게 Levenson 자기보고식 정신병질 질문지(LSRP)를 사용하여 정신병질 경향성 집단과 통제 집단을 선발하였고, Welsh 불안 척도(WAS)를 사용하여, 정신병질 경향성 집단을 일차 정신병질 경향성 집단과 이차 정신병질 경향성 집단으로 분리하였으며, 각 집단에게 아이오와 도박과제와 반응역전 과제를 실시하였다. 도박과제 수행 결과, 두 정신병질 집단이 통제 집단보다 유의하게 많은 비합리적인 의사결정을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 반응역전 과제 수행 결과, 일차 정신병질 경향성 집단은 통제 집단과 비슷한 수준의 수행 오류를 보인 반면, 이차 정신병질 경향성 집단은 통제 집단보다 수행오류가 유의하게 더 많았다. 이러한 결과로 인해 일차 정신병질 경향성 집단은 편도체 기능이상과 이차 정신병질 경향성 집단은 안와전두피질 기능이상과 밀접하게 관련된 것으로 추론할 수 있었으며, 이러한 추론을 통하여 정신병질자의 문제 행동 원인과 개입에 있어서 고려점 등을 제안하였다.

This study investigated the task performance of individuals with primary psychopathic and secondary psychopathic tendencies. The tasks have been known as sensitive to amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functioning. Group with Psychopathic tendencies(n=23) and control gruop(n=23) were defined by Levenson's self-report psychopathy(LSRP)[Levenson et al., 1995]. In addition, individuals with primary(n=12) and secondary(n=11) psychopathic tendencies were divided by Welsh Anxiety Scale(WAS) [Welsh et al., 1956]. They completed a IOWA gambling task(Bechara et al., 1994) and the intradimensional/extradimensional (ID/ED) shift task, (Dias et al., 1996) which are related to amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) functioning. On the gambling task, all participants with psychopathic tendencies showed a global tendency to choose in a disadvantageous way. Specifically, they showed an impaired learning ability over the course of the task. On the ID/ED task, the number of error in response reversal stages of individuals with primary psychopathic tendencies was not significantly different from a control group, but significant impairments were found in individuals with secondary psychopathic tendencies. In conclusion, individuals with primary psychopathic tendencies show amygdala dysfunction, but individuals with secondary psychopathic tendencies are lack of OFC.

In the display industry, COG bonding method is being applied to production of LCD panels that are used for mobile phones and monitors, and is one of the mounting methods optimized to compete with the trend of ultra small, ultra thin and low cost of display. In COG bonding process, electrical characteristics such as contact resistance, insulation property, etc and mechanical characteristics such as bonding strength, etc depend on properties of conductive particles and epoxy resin along with ACF materials used for COG by manufacturers. As the properties of such materials have close relation to optimization of bonding conditions such as temperature, pressure, time, etc in COG bonding process, it is requested to carry out an in-depth study on characteristics of COG bonding, based on which development of bonding process equipment shall be processed. In this study were analyzed the characteristics of COG bonding process, performed the analysis and reliability evaluation on electrical and mechanical characteristics of COG bonding using ACF to find optimum bonding conditions for ACF, and performed the experiment on bonding characteristics regarding fine pitch to understand the affection on finer pitch in COG bonding. It was found that it is difficult to find optimum conditions because it is more difficult to perform alignment as the pitch becomes finer, but only if alignment has been made, it becomes similar to optimum conditions in general COG bonding regardless of pitch intervals.

공연관광은 관광자에게 공연예술의 창의적 연행과정을 통해 고도화된 경험을 제공 한다. 공연관광은 관광객의 창조적 활동참여를 통해 동기를 자극하고 자기계발을 촉 진하며, 변화하는 관광시장에 따른 공연예술 경험에 대한 욕구를 충족시켜주기도 한 다. 이에 국내 공연관광 환경에서도 국내외 공연관광객이 증가하면서 축제 개발, 공연 예술 콘텐츠의 다양화 등의 활성화를 유도하고 있다. 학술연구에서도 공연관광 참여 자를 중심으로 한 시장세분화 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 이와 더불어 공연관광 프로그램이 변화하는 관광환경에서 관광자에게 새로운 경험과 긍정적인 평가를 이끌 어내기 위해 어떠한 퍼포먼스를 제공하는 것이 필요한지 살펴보는 것이 중요한 과제 라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 경복궁 별빛야행을 사례로 선정하여 공연관광에서 공연예 술의 단계별 연행과정을 종합적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 경복궁 별빛야행은 경복 궁 내 맥락적․시간적․공간적 연출을 통해 확장된 시어터를 구성하였으며, 관광자의 몰입을 이끌어내기 위해 전문배우와 예술성, 의외성, 진정성이 결합된 ‘이머시브 퍼포 먼스’를 연출하고 있음을 발견했다. 마지막으로 콘텐츠 간극 조정과 자극 배치를 통해 관광자의 인지적․감정적 반응을 유도함으로써 공연관광에 대한 태도를 형성하는 것 을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 공연관광이 관광자에게 전달하고자 하는 가치를 명확히 함 으로써 차별화된 공연관광 브랜드를 확립하는 방안이 요구되며, 공연관광 프로그램의 품질 향상을 위해 창작자와 관객 사이에서 단계별 전략이 필요하다는 사실을 시사한다.

The performing arts tourism provides tourists with creative and new experiences. Because of this, research on performing arts tourism have been actively conducted in the field of tourism policy and marketing. Unlike practical studies of tourist characteristics in performing arts tourism, relatively little has known about strategies that exploit the essential characteristics of performing arts from the perspective of tourism program development. Therefore, the current study tried to analyze the process of performing arts tourism programs that utilize cultural heritage through case studies, in order to deepen understanding of the process of performing arts tourism in the context of tourist destinations. As a result, it was confirmed that the process of carrying out the performance tourism program goes through three stages: ‘extended theater’, ‘Immersive performance’, and ‘evaluation’. It was found that directing techniques are necessary in the process of moving the stage of performance tourism to tourist spots, and in the process of transmitting performances, directing characteristics such as artistry, unexpectedness, and authenticity must be appropriately utilized according to the arrangement interval. Finally, it was clarified that eliciting tourists' cognitive and emotional responses through appropriate stimuli is a factor in forming positive attitudes. The research results suggest that it is important to understand the relationship between production techniques and the formation of tourist attitudes when developing performaning arts tourism programs that utilize tourist sites.