Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 종목별 주기화 트레이닝을 통하여 시즌 전과 시즌 중의 근력 변화를 관찰함으로써 종목 특성에 맞는 운동 프로그램의 효과를 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 피험자는 프로골퍼 8명, 실업팀 역도선수 8명으로 하였으 며, 시즌 전 무릎관절의 등속성 근력을 측정하고, 지속적인 주기화 훈련을 하였으며 시즌 중에 무릎관절의 등속성 근력 을 측정하였다. 자료처리는 mixed design two-way ANOVA로 분석하였으며 통계학적 유의수준은 α=.05로 결정하 였다. 골프선수의 60°각속도에서의 우측 무릎 신전 최대토크와 체중당 최대토크는 비시즌보다 시즌기에서 높게 나타 났다. 180°각속도에서는 우측 무릎의 굴곡과 신전 총 운동량에서 비시즌보다 시즌기에서 높게 나타났다. 역도선수는 60°각속도에서의 좌측 무릎 굴곡에서 최대토크와 체중당 최대토크, 평균파워도 향상되었고 180°각속도에서는 우측 무릎 굴곡과 신전에서 총 운동량이 향상되었다. 비시즌부터 시즌으로 이어지는 주기화에 입각한 체력훈련 프로그램은 시즌 중에도 근력을 유지하는 데 효과적이며 근력의 감소를 막는데 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다. 향후 종목별 장기적 주기화 훈련의 효과에 대한 연구가 기대되는 바이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise program according to the characteristics of the sport by observing the changes in muscle strength before and during the season through Periodization training by sport. Eight professional golfers and eight weightlifting players were selected as the subjects of this study. The body composition and the isokinetic strength of the knee joint were measured before the start of the season, and periodization training was conducted. Four months later, The isokinetic strength of the joint was measured. Data were analyzed by mixed design two-way ANOVA and statistical significance was determined as α = .05. The peak torque and the peak torque per body weight at the right knee extension at 60 °of the golf player were higher in the season than the off-season. During the season of golf players, total work at 180°angular velocity was higher than in the off-season. The weight lifter increased the peak torque, average power and peak torque per body weight at the left knee flexion at 60 °angular velocity and the total work at right knee flexion and extension at 180 °angular velocity. A periodization training program was found to be effective in maintaining muscle strength during the season and effective in preventing muscle strength loss in frequency skill training.

일본의 역사에는 현재의 교토로 수도를 옮긴 후 무가정권이 시작될 때까지를 가리키는 “헤이안”이라는 시대가 존재한다. 헤이안시대가 언제부터 언제까지인지에 대해서는 학자에 따라서 의견이 다르다. 그러나 근래에 들어 1185년에 헤이안시대가 끝났다는 것이 정설이 되었다. 그런데 일본문학사에 있어서는 1192년이라는 예전의 견해를 답습하고 있다. 이것은 역사학과 문학이라는 학제간의 교류가 부족한 것을 이유로 들 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 한편으로는 일본인들에게 있어서 헤이안시대가 귀족적이고 아름다운 시대라는 인식이 강하고, 그렇기 때문에 헤이안시대를 보다 길게 하고 싶은 의도가 있기 때문이다. 한편 한국에서 간행된 출판물에 있어서도 헤이안시대에 대한 견해가 일본과 비슷한 양상이 눈에 띈다. 이것은 한국의 연구자들이 헤이안시대에 관련된 정치적 이데올로기를 무자각, 무비판적으로 수용하고 있기 때문이다.

There was a time in Japan called “the Heian era.” Opinion on when the Heian era ended varies among scholars, although it is a commonly thought that it ended in 1185. However, in the history of Japanese literature, many follow the idea that it ended in 1192. This is because of the strong view that the Heian era was “beautiful” for the Japanese. In other words, the Japanese want to understand such a beautiful period as lasting for a long time. However, Korean researchers of Japanese literature view this unconscious recognition to be more problematic. This study points out such problems and reanalyzes them.

The popular age of Bronze Zhi across the two bronze prosperous stages of late Shang and prior period of Western Zhou, which is a kind of very important bronze drinking vessels of the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties. In view of the importance of bronze Zhi for relevant academic issues discussed, this paper, based on a comprehensive collection of excavated and handed down bronze Zhi, to classify the type of bronze Zhi with archaeological typology method, summarize the development evolution, periodize bronze Zhi according to shape, ornamentation, combination and inscriptions, and judge the absolute date of each phrase and sub-phrase according to typical units and coexistence pottery. In this paper, the earliest slender-body Zhi appear in Ji'nan Daxinzhuang tombs of the Yin RuinsⅠculture, the earliest bold Zhi find in Anyang tombs of the Yin Ruins Ⅱ culture, Zhi achieve the bloom period in Yin Ruins Ⅳ culture after the development of the Yin Ruins Ⅲ culture, which sharp increase the amount and shapes, and expand distribution range beyond the region of Shang Dynasty ruled. Zhi reach a new boom period in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the distribution range extend to the new occupied area of Western Zhou Dynasty in addition to the amount significantly more than Yin Ruins Ⅳ culture. And then, Zhi change from consolidation to decline in the early sub-phase of the mid Western Zhou Dynasty, which obviously reduce the amount and make rough, and completely vanish in the late sub-phase of the mid Western Zhou Dynasty.

青铜觯的流行时代横跨青铜器繁盛的晚商、西周前期两大阶段, 是商周时期非常重要的一类青铜酒器｡ 鉴于青铜觯对于相关学术问题讨论的重要性, 本文在全面收集出土和传世青铜觯的基础上, 利用考古类型学的方法对铜觯进行型式划分, 总结发展演变规律, 并依据形制、纹饰、组合、铭文等方面的变化进行分期以及利用典型单位和共存陶器对各期段进行年代判断｡ 本文认为最早的细体觯出现于殷墟一期的济南大辛庄墓葬, 最早的粗体觯发现于安阳殷墟二期的墓葬, 铜觯在经历了殷墟三期的发展后, 在殷墟四期达到了“兴盛期”, 数量激增, 器型丰富, 在殷墟之外的商王朝统治区域都有一定的分布｡ 在进入西周后, 在西周早期达到了“荣期”, 除数量明显超过殷墟四期, 分布范围也扩大至周王朝新占领区｡ 之后, 在西周中期偏早阶段由盛转衰, 数量明显减少, 制作不再精良, 并在西周中期偏晚阶段彻底走向消亡｡

This study explored the development process of Jilin Chinese-Korean Baduk by collecting data on Jilin Chinese-Korean Baduk scattered sporadically around publications such as Jilin Newspaper and Yanbian TV Radio Broadcasting Station to systematically establish the history of Jilin Chinese-Korean Baduk. Through this, the history of Chinese-Korean Baduk in Jilin Province was divided into four stages, and the characteristics and significance of each stage are summarized as follows. First, with the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, a clear definition and district division of the Chinese-Korean people was created, and the Chinese-Korean people of this period learned from the sight of the Japanese playing Baduk before liberation. From this time on, it showed the beginning of Jilin Province Chinese-Korean Baduk. Second, in 1978 Chinese-Korean Baduk started and the peak was the 1984 China-Japan Super Competition. Due to the influence of China-Japan Super Competition, there was also a Baduk class in Jilin Province that taught Baduk to Chinese-Korean for the first time. Baduk competition was also held for Chinese-Korean. Third, the leap period began after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and China in 1992. Many Koreans came to china and among them, there was a Baduk director who taught Baduk, and the language of the Chinese-Korean was similar to that of Korea, so they naturally trained a lot of Chinese-Korean Baduk players. In addition, several Baduk exchanges were conducted by connecting the Korean Baduk community and the Jilin Chinese-Korean Baduk Association. In addition, the Korean director, who teaches Baduk, has a history of sending international students to Korea's Yoo Chang-hyuk and Yang Jae-ho's Baduk Dojo. During this period, the Yanbian Chinese-Korean Autonomous Baduk Association were founded and the Chinese-Korean School in Jilin Province officially promoted Chinese-Korean Baduk. The first official Chinese-Korean Baduk competition hosted by the Yanbian Korean Baduk Autonomous named ‘Yanbian Chinese-Korean Baduk championship’was held from 1988 to 1995, and the school selected Baduk as a regular subject for first and second graders after school. Fourth, the decline lasted from 2010 to the present. From 2010 to 2020, about 10% of Chinese-Korean living in Jilin Province are living in other cities or foreign countries in China, especially Korea, and the trend is gradually expanding. The decline in the Chinese-Korean population is the biggest reason for the development of Chinese-Korean Baduk. In addition, the Communist Party's “minority national united front” policy also weakens the characteristics of Chinese-Korean.

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) versus nonperiodized (NP) resistance training on upper-body isometric force and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in sarcopenic older adults. Twenty sarcopenic older adults were randomly assigned into the LP and NP groups and performed 16 weeks of resistance training. The SMM was measured by octopolar bioelectrical impedance. The isometric force for handgrip and trunk were assessed by dynamometer. Evaluations were performed at baseline, after 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of resistance training. For total weight lifted, there was a main effect for time (F= 126.986, P< 0.001), statistically significant difference between condition (F=13.867, P=0.001) and interaction (F=8.778, P<0.001), whereby total weight lifted was greater for NP after 4 months of training. Isometric force for handgrip and trunk increased across time (P< 0.001) but no significant differences between groups or interaction were observed (P> 0.05). The SMM increased across time (P< 0.05), however no significant difference between groups or interaction were observed (P> 0.05). There were strong and significant correlations between handgrip maximum force and SMM (LP: rho= 0.79, P= 0.004 vs. NP: rho =-0.43, P=0.244) and handgrip mean force and SMM (LP: rho= 0.68, P= 0.021 vs. NP: rho= -0.37, P= 0.332) only for the LP group. In conclusion, LP and NP resistance training induced similar benefits on upper-body isometric force and SMM in sarcopenic older adults. However, LP presented lower total weight lifted, suggesting that it is possible to obtain similar gains in isometric force and SMM with less total work.

전통적 이론에 의하면 이윤율은 일반적으로 자본의 유기적 구성과 잉여가치율 사이의 상호작용에 의해 결정된다. 그리고 이윤율은 자본주의적 발전과 함께 자본의 유기적 구성이 심화됨으로써 저하하는 것이다. 실증분석에 의하면 이윤율과 잉여가치율은 각각 저하한 반면 자본의 유기적 구성도는 상승한 것으로 나타났다. 실증분석의 결과를 볼 때 한국경제에서는 이윤율 저하경향의 법칙이 관철되는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 그 결정요인들의 추세는 전통적 이론에서와는 다른 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 차별적인 추정결과에도 불구하고 분석 대상 기간 동안 한국경제에서 이윤율 저하경향의 법칙이 실현된 것으로 나타났다.

With regard to conventional theory, the rate of profit is determined by the interaction between the rate of surplus value and the organic composition of capital. And it declines with the capitalistic development through intensifying the organic composition of capital. According to the empirical test, the rate of profit and the rate of surplus value have been decreased. On the contrary, the organic composition of capital have increased during the period under study. The empirical results of the rate of profit in Korean economy appears to hold the principle of the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. But the trend of the determinants is distinct from the conventional theory. Despite the distinctive empirical results, the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall is realized in Korean economy in objective period of time.

이 연구의 목적은 여성바둑 사료의 발굴, 수집, 정리를 통해 체계적인 여성바둑 역사를 정립 하는데 있다. 이러한 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 1967년부터 2010년까지의 월간『바둑』에 실린 여성바둑관련 자료를 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료를 제도 및 조직⋅영향력 있는 인물⋅여 성의 활동 분야⋅여성의 바둑참여 변화라는 4가지 기준에 따라 여명기⋅태동기⋅성장기⋅발전 기⋅도약기로 시대를 구분하였다.

This study aims to found the history of women’s Baduk in more systematical way through discovery, collection, and correction of Korean women’s Baduk history. In order to fulfill this objective, women Baduk related materials were collected for analysis, which were published from 1967 to 2010 on the monthly magazine, 『Baduk』, and such collected materials were divided into periods of dawning, quickening, growing, developing, and jumping, respectively, according to 4 criteria of system or organization, influential figure, women’s activity area, women’s participation in Baduk.

Periodization is a key element in the organization of archaeological research as well as an instrument through which political ideas can be conveyed. This article provides a comparison of two systems created during and after the Japanese colonial period whose aim was the periodization of Korean archaeology. In this regard, it compares the systems of Fujita Ryosaku and Kim Wŏllyong and how these illustrate the contrasting purposes of intellectual inquiry in the colonial and postcolonial periods. In addition, it aims to locate postcolonial archaeological scholarship within a larger frame of reference than a simplistic colonial-postcolonial structure. To do this, it investigates the influence of Western intellectual thought on Korean archaeology. As a result, the decolonization of Korean archaeology can be judged within the scope of world archaeology in the 1970s.

This study attempts to divide the history of music in Korea and Japan into clearly discernible periods. In this regard, no attempt has been made to date in either country to bring about such periodic classifications. The periodic classifications established herein are based on such aspects as the main actors involved in music-related activities, as well as changes in the social class through which music was accepted, and in musical genres. While the ancient period can be characterized by the predominance of royal and aristocratic-centered music, the medieval period was marked by the rise of literati (seonbi) and literati-sponsored music in the Korean case and samurai-sponsored music in Japan. Meanwhile, the modern period, which saw a significant enhancement of the people’s awareness of their own enjoyment, can be regarded as the era in which the public’s desire for music emerged. Such public desires gave rise to p’ansori (a traditional Korean art form that involves a combination of vocal and percussion music) in Korea and to ningyō jōruri (puppet drama) and kabuki (classical Japanese dance-drama) in Japan. In terms of the changes in the social class through which music was accepted, while music was mostly the prerogative of the royal court and aristocrats during the ancient period, the literati and samurai class became the primary movers during the medieval period, only to be replaced by the commoner class during the modern period. Special attention is paid in this study to the changes that took place with regards to musical styles. More to the point, because of a lack of materials relating to the previous periods, the changes in musical styles are analyzed from the third period onwards. This third period is identified herein as that of medieval music, or the heyday of court music. Meanwhile, the fourth period is that of early modern music characterized by the heyday of literati music in Korea and of samurai-sponsored music in Japan. The fifth period identified herein is that of modern music (the heyday of popular music) during which p’ansori and gidayu-bushi were regarded as important genres in Korea and Japan respectively. The sixth period, which revolves around the royal courts of Korea and Japan’s acceptance of European classical music, has as its starting point the year in which Western music was accepted and Western-style military bands began to be established. As this study can be regarded as an ongoing project, the criticism and opinions of other specialists in the field are most welcome. In this regard, it is through such criticisms and discussions that a common perception of the historical periods into which music should be divided can be produced.

The objective of this study was to examine the internal training load (TL), IgA, and salivary steroid hormone responses in elite youth judo athletes during an entire annual training periodization. Ten male judo athletes (18±2 years, 72.3±12.3 kg, and 175±6 cm) competing at a state/national level were examined for the TL and salivary imune-endocrine responses variations over an annual judo season, divided in three macrocyles com-posed by distinct periods denominated preparatory period (PP), compet-itive period (CP) and transition period (TP). At the end of PP and CP, sali-va samples were collected to determine cortisol, testosterone and IgA concentrations. Throughout PP and CP the session-rating of perceived exertion and the total duration of each session were monitored, allowing the internal TL and weekly training strain (TS) calculation. During all macrocycles, significant decreases in TL and TS were observed during CP compared with PP (P<0.05), although no significant differences were observed for immune-endocrine concentrations between PP and CP (P>0.05). Specific variations were observed comparing periods with similar characteristics throughout the macrocycles as higher TL and TS (PP1 to PP2 and PP3, P<0.05), increased testosterone (CP1 to CP3, P=0.024) and decreased testosterone-cortisol ratio (PP1 to PP2, P=0.005). The present findings suggest that the internal TL variations over an annual multipeak traditional periodization did not influence the resting mucosal immune-endocrinal responses in young judo athletes.

이 연구의 목적은 12개월 주기화 트레이닝을 통하여 비시즌과 시즌 직전, 시즌 이후의 무릎 및 허리의 근력 변화를 관찰함으로써 종목 특성에 맞는 운동프로그램의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 이 연구는 엘리트 선수 경력 10년 이상의 스노보드 알파인 선수 5명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 조직 적응훈련(3주), 근비대 훈련(6주), 최대근력 훈련(4주), 근파 워 훈련(4주), 근력 유지훈련 (7개월), 휴식기(4주)로 구분하여 실시하였다. 이 연구의 결과로 비시즌과 시즌 직전의 등속성 무릎 및 허리의 최대근력과 근비율이 변화함을 알 수 있었으나, 선수별 근력 향상에 개인차가 발생하였다. 시즌 이후의 등속성 무릎 및 허리의 최대근력과 근비율 또한 변화하였으며, 선수별 근력 감소에 개인차가 발생하였다. 비시즌부 터 시즌으로 이어지는 주기화 트레이닝에 입각한 체력훈련 프로그램은 훈련된 운동선수의 근력 향상에 효과적인 것으로 확인되며, 시즌 이후 훈련강도 및 훈련량의 감소로 인한 근력감소가 확인되었으나, 선수에 따른 개인차가 발생하였다. 향후 주기화 트레이닝의 적용 시 활주 방향차이에 따른 근력 변화에 대한 연구가 기대되는 바이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise program that fits the characteristics of sports by observing changes in muscle strength and muscle ratio of knee and Lumbar after off-season, just before and after season through 12-month periodization training. This study was conducted on five snowboard alpine players with more than 10 years of elite athletes' career. The isokinetic muscular strength was measured before the periodization training, the isokinetic muscular strength was measured three times including measurement of isokinetic muscular strength after the season, which includes the training of snowboarding and the schedule of the game. The maximum muscle strength and muscle ratio of the isokinetic knee and Lumbar before the off-season and the season changed, but individual differences occurred in the improvement of muscle strength by player. The maximum muscle strength and muscle ratio of the isokinetic knee and Lumbar after the season also changed, but there was a personal difference in the muscle strength reduction by player. The physical fitness training program based on periodization training from the off-season to the season was confirmed to be effective in improving the muscular strength of the trained athlete, and the decrease in muscular strength due to the decrease in training intensity and training amount after the season was confirmed, but individual differences occurred according to the athlete. In the future, it is expected that the study on the change of muscle strength due to the gliding direction difference is expected when applying periodic training.

본 연구의 목적은 교수요목기부터 2015 개정 교육과정까지의 우리나라 초등학교 수학과 교육과정이 어떠한 특성을 가지고 변화되고 있는지를 살펴보고, 이를 바탕 으로 초등 수학과 교육과정의 시대를 구분하는 것이다. 이를 위해 시기별 교육과정 의 총론에서 개정 배경 및 방향과 편제 및 시간 배당을 분석하였고, 초등학교 수학 과 교육과정에서 목표, 내용, 교수·학습 방법, 평가 부분의 특징을 분석하였다. 지 금까지 우리나라 초등학교 수학과 교육과정은 기존 교육과정을 바탕으로 사회에서 요구되는 새로운 지식, 기능, 태도 요소를 추가하면서 꾸준히 변화하는 특징을 보 였다. 따라서 앞으로의 초등학교 수학과 교육과정은 미래 사회에 필요한 새로운 수 학적 개념이나 기르고자 하는 수학적 능력 및 태도를 중심으로 다양한 교수학적 변환이 이루어질 것으로 판단된다. 우리나라 초등학교 수학과 교육과정은 변화의 특성을 기준으로 ‘도입기(교수요목기~3차)-확립기(4차~6차)-전환기(제1: 7차, 제2: 2007 개정)-통합·안정기(2009 개정~2015 개정)’로 시대를 구분할 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과가 우리나라 초등 수학교육의 역사를 체계적으로 정립하고 미래 지향 적인 교육과정을 수립하는 데 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of changes in the contents and the achievement standards of the mathematics curriculum of elementary schools in Korea, and also to divide the periods of the elementary school mathematics curriculum. To this end, the background, direction, organization, and time distribution of a revision were analyzed in the curriculum generals in each period. In addition, the characteristics of the aims, contents, methods for teaching and study, and the evaluation parts were analyzed in the mathematics curriculum. Until now, the elementary school mathematics curriculum in Korea has shown a characteristic that it has steadily changed by adding new knowledge, skills, and attitude elements required by society based on the existing curriculum, while being in accordance with the backgrounds and directions of the revisions by period. Therefore, in the elementary school mathematics curriculum, it is expected that there will be a various pedagogical transformation centered at new mathematical concepts or mathematical abilities and attitudes to be developed. Based on the characteristic changes, the history of the elementary school mathematics curriculum in Korea is divided into ‘introductory period(syllabus~3rd)-establishment period(4th~6th), transition periods(1: 7th, 2: 2007 revision), integration·stabilization period(2009 revision~2015 revision)’. It is expected that this study will be helpful for the systematic establishment of the education history of Korean elementary school mathematics and also for the development of the future-oriented curriculum.

본 논문은 종교개혁 500주년을 맞이하여 종교개혁의 시대적 의미를 거시적으로 진단하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 종교개혁의 출범정신이자 으뜸원리인 이신칭의론은 신자 개인의 주체적 종교 감성을 고양시켰다는 점에서 독자적 주체로서의 개인을 표방한 근대의 도래를 재촉했지만, 구원은 피조물의 노력이 아닌 오로지 창조주의 은총의 결과라는 이 교리는 인간의 자율성을 철저히 부정함으로써 근대적 인간상에 역행하는 양면성을 띠고 있다. 종교개혁의 근대적 성격이 잘 드러나는 분야는 새로운 정치체제의 등장에 있다. 독일 종교개혁은 교회가 국가에 종속되는 현격한 변화의 주요기제로 작동하였을 뿐만 아니라 통치자에 순응하라는 정치적 부권주의를 강조하고 균질적 민중을 창출하기 위한 민중규율화 작업을 통해 국가권력의 강화에 크게 이바지하였다. 독일과 영국의 개혁운동이 절대주의 체제에 긍정적으로 작용했다면 칼뱅파는 불의한 군주에 대한 저항을 인정하면서 민주적 근대국가의 탄생을 도왔다. 한편 종교개혁은 사회·문화적 차원에서 근대적 사회에 부합하는 변화를 이끌어 냈다. 아동교육의 중요성을 부각시켜 교육의 확대를 가져왔고, 성직자의 결혼이 인정되면서 가정과 결혼의 의미를 제고하였으며, 부부간의 섹슈얼리티에 있어서도 중세사회와는 사뭇 다른 호의적 태도를 보였다. 종교개혁은 여성에게도 여러 긍정적 변화를 이끌어 냈지만, 여성의 정체성 고양의 한 공간이었던 수녀원을 철폐하고 무엇보다도 부정적인 여성관을 고착화함으로써 여성에게 악재로 작용하는 측면도 있었다. 전반적인 관점에서 볼 때, 종교개혁의 시대적 좌표는 근대 쪽으로 기울어진다고 할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 신 중심의 초월적 세계관이 그대로 유지되었다는 측면에서 종교개혁은 보수적 개혁에 해당한다.

How can we understand the Reformation as a historical moment in terms of the periodization of the European world? Was it one of the forces contributing to the emergence of the early modern society or nothing more than a conservative reform that remained in essence within the medieval paradigm and world view? ‘Salvation by faith alone,’ the foremost principle of the Reformation surely opened door to the coming of early modern society by emphasizing the role of personal inner belief, independent of the enforced outward norms established by the medieval church, in one’s salvation. However, this doctrine contradicted to the image of modern men by regarding Protestant believers as beings totally passive and powerless relying desperately on God’s sole decision. The reform movement played a great part in the advent of early modern European political settings. In many areas such as England and Germany that embraced the new Christian religion, the state trod a path toward the centralized government and even absolutism, since the church became subordinate to the princes in the course of the Reformation. The flow to strong state was accelerated by the shared belief among reformers and their teaching that obedience to the ruling was a fundamental divine duty of ordinary people. Many changes drawing European society to new era occurred in social and cultural spheres. With the approval of clerical marriage the meaning and importance of family life including domestic sexuality received hailing social and religious response. Education of the young was remarkable improved with the founding of new primary schools and gymnasia. The influence of the reform movement to women was double-sided. Positive changes for women took place along with the consolidation of inferior image of women. As a whole, the Reformation played a great role in the emergence of early modern Europe with its new doctrines and the visible changes it instituted. Nonetheless, it was hardly a new epoch with regard to the fact that it maintained the traditional theocentric world view and supernatural value system.

This study analyzes the changes in the framework of personal information protection in Korea. To investigate these changes, press releases from the Ministry of the Interior were collected. Through text mining and correspondence analysis, the words were examined over the course of eight years (from 2008 to 2015). All verbal expressions were classified by time: ① framework build-up (from 2008 to 2011), ② framework transition (2012), and ③ framework adjustment (from 2013 to 2015). The analytical results show that the personal information protection system was not stuck with the residue of the past or replaced by a new system; it was a gradual change with coexisting elements and new framework components. This study also demonstrates a more objective way to do periodization than relying on subjectivity.