Earticle

본 연구의 목적은 iOS와 안드로이드 운영체제를 중심으로 스마트폰 사용자의 성향을 두 가지 관점(구매성 향과 이용성향)에서 탐색적으로 분석하는 것이다. 구매 성향에 대한 연구결과, 두 운영체제 사용자에 따라 스마트폰 선택의 우선순위와 성별 비율에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 존재했다. 그러나 스마트폰 교체주기에는 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이용 성향에 대한 연구결과, 두 운영체제 사용자에 따라 설치된 애플리케이션과 가입한 SNS(social network service)의 갯수, 월평균 요금, 그리고 만족도에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 그러나 두 운영체제 간 인터넷 사용시간에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과는 운영체제 개발자, 스마트폰 제조기업, 그리고 애플리케이션 개발자들에게 유의한 함의를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

This study aims to explore and analyze smartphone users' characteristics from the two perspectives (purchase vs. use characteristics) on the two operating systems (iOS and Android). The results of the study on purchase characteristics show that smartphones choice priority and the gender ratio are found to be significantly different between the two operating system users. However, the replacement cycle is not statistically different from iOS and Android users. The results of study on use characteristics show that the number of the applications and the registered SNS(social network service), the average monthly smartphone bill, and satisfaction are significantly different between iOS and Android users. However, the average Internet usage time is not different between the two operating system users. The findings provide useful implications for operating developers, smartphone manufacturers, and application developers.

Purpose Trauma has significant impacts on the livelihoods and well-being of patients. Prompt emergency, medical, and nursing care is the key to reducing mortality rates. Digital platforms have become important for patient care. This research aimed to evaluate patient outcomes after implementing a novel web application operating system in trauma care. Methods A descriptive comparative study was conducted on trauma patients. The patients were divided into two groups: those who used the developed application (n = 70) and those who did not (n = 70). The patients’ characteristics, the time of the trauma team's arrival at the emergency department (ED) and the length of stay in the ED, and patients' outcomes were collected from electronic medical records and the application database. A statistical analysis was performed to evaluate this data. Sixty registered nurses who used the application completed the survey on the feasibility of the application. Results The activated trauma intervals for the non-application-used group and the application-used group were 5.0 ± 1.1 and 3.1 ± 0.4 minutes, respectively (p = .010). The length of stay in the ED for the non-application-used group and the application-used group were 30.1 ± 5.1 and 18.3 ± 6.2 minutes, respectively. A high level of agreement confirms the feasibility of the application. Conclusions This application improves patient outcomes in terms of length of stay. This mobile application can improve the cooperation and communication and efficacy of the trauma care team.

The proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system consisting of stack and balance of plant (BOP) was modeled in a MATLAB/Simulink environment. High-pressure operating (compressor type) and low-pressure operating (air blower type) fuel cell systems were con­sidered. The effects of two main operating parameters (humidity and the pressure of the supplied gas) on the power distribution characteristics of BOP and the net system efficiency of the two systems mentioned above were compared and discussed. The simulation determines an optimum condition regarding parameters such as the cathode air pressure and the relative humidity for maximum net system efficiency for the operating fuel cell systems. This study contributes to get a basic insight into the fuel cell stack and BOP component sizing. Further research using muli­object variable optimization packages and the approach developed by this study can effectively contribute to an operating strategy for the practical use of fuel cell systems for vehicles.

This paper explores to the usefulness of Peter Checkland’s Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) to designing Information Systems, and to propose a different way of looking at the effect of Information Systems and Technology on both individuals and organizations, effects which go beyond the quantitative analysis. SSM is known as the methodological approach to tackling real-world problems which is based on the fact that all-real-world ‘management’ problem situations in which people are interested in seeking to take purposeful action. The idea of a ‘human activity system’ is introduced to suggest a new kind of system concepts to designing information systems in organizations.

OECD 국내연락사무소(National Contat Point: NCP)는 OECD 다국적기업 가이 드라인(Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: MNE Guidelines)의 책임경영 (Responsible Business Conduct: RBC)을 증진하기 위한 기구이다. 최근 한국 NCP는 발전과 동시에 도전도 받고 있다. 이 연구는 한국 NCP가 OECD 다국적 기업 가이드라인의 권고에 부합하는지와 그 개선 방안을 검토했다. 검토는 다국 적기업 가이드라인의 권고 내용, OECD 회원국 NCP 구조 및 활동 분석 보고서, 한국 NCP의 동료검토(peer review) 보고서를 기반으로 하였다. 한국 NCP는 OECD 다국적기업 가이드라인이 권고하는 내용을 상당 부분 충족하고 있다. 그 러나 한국 NCP의 적극적인 운영에도 불구하고 사무국 운영이나 위원 선정, 그 리고 이의제기신청사안(Specific Instance) 처리 등과 관련하여 이해관계자와의 신뢰 관계가 취약한 것으로 확인되었다. 한국 NCP가 이해관계자와 신뢰관계를 구축하는 방식은 한국사회의 협상문화 특성에 부합하도록 모색되어야 한다.

The OECD National Contact Point (NCP) is an organization to promote Responsible Business Conduct (RBC) of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Recently, Korean NCP is being challenged as well as developing. This study reviewed whether the Korean NCP complied with the recommendations of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and how to improve it. The review method was based on the recommendations of the Guidelines, the report on the analysis of NCP structure and activities in OECD member countries, and the peer review of the Korean NCP. The Korean NCP largely complies with the recommendations of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. However, despite the active operation of the Korean NCP, it is confirmed that it has a weakness in the relationship of trust with stakeholders related to the handling of Specific Instance. The Korean NCP’s way of building the relationship of trust with stakeholders should be sought to accord with the characteristics of Korea.

본 연구의 목적은 스마트폰 시장을 기업생태계 관점으로 바라보고 운영체제 플랫폼의 핵심 성공요인을 도출하고자한다. 그리고 제시한 요인들이 사용자수 증가에 따른 효용의 증가와 사용의도에 직접적으로 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검증하는데 있다. 이를 위해 운영체제 플랫폼의 주요 특성을 OS 호환성, OS향상가능성으로 제시하고, 사용자 수에 따른 효용증가를 나타내는 네트워크 효과와 사용의도 간의 논리적 인과관계 설정하고 실증 분석했다. 연구결과, 운영체제의 OS호환성과 OS향상가능성은 네트워크 효과와 사용의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 그동안 실증연구가 되지 않았던 운영체제 플랫폼 특성을 제시하고, 스마트폰 시장의 기업생태계 구축에 있어 플랫폼 특성이 어떤 역할을 했는지 논리적인 인과관계를 제시하여 학문적으로 뿐만 아니라 실무적으로도 크게 기여했다고 판단된다.

The purpose of this research is to look upon the smartphone market from the perspective of business ecosystems and to extract the critical success factors of OS platforms. Furthermore, this research aims to verify the effect of those factors on increasing utility resulting from the rising number of users as well as on intention of use. In order to do this, OS compatibility and OS upgradability were presented as the major characteristics of OS platforms and a logical causal relationship between network effect and intention to use which shows the increase of utility according to the number of users was established which was then followed by an empirical analysis. The results of the research showed that OS compatibility and OS upgradability both had positive effects on network effect and intention to use. By presenting the characteristics of OS platforms, a subject which has lacked pervious empirical studies, and establishing a logical causal relationship for the role platform characteristics play in the formation of business ecosystem in the smartphone market, it is expected that the findings of this research will contribute greatly not only academically but also in practical applications

국내에서 운영되는 교통체계를 보다 안전하고 효율적으로 개선하기 위해 창원시를 대상으로 교통운영체계 선진화 사업이 시행되었다. 이 사업은 회전교차로 설치와 비보호좌회전 확대 등 10개의 단위사업이 포함되었고, 이에 대한 사업 전/후 효과 평가를 실시하였다. 본 논문에서는 회전교차로, 비보호좌회전, 좌회전감응신호 적용에 따른 정량적 및 정성적 평가결과를 분석하여 제시하였다. 정량적 분석결과로는 회전교차로 도입으로 평균 통행속도가 16.8% 향상되었으며, 비보호좌회전 확대 시행에 따른 평균 통행시간은 12.4% 감소하였으며, 제어지체는 41.6% 개선되었다. 좌회전 감응제어 운영으로 인한 평균 제어지체는 26.7% 감소한 것으로 분석되었다. 정성적 분석결과로는 회전교차로 도입으로 인한 만족도는 약 57.7%, 비보호 좌회전 확대 운영의 만족도는 약 60.3%로 분석되었다. 이와 같이 교통운영체계 선진화 사업에 대한 운영 효과가 크게 나타났고, 일반시민들의 만족도도 매우 높은 것을 파악되었다. 그러므로 선진화 사업의 적용 효과가 클 것으로 예상되는 지점을 파악하여 이를 확대 적용하는 것이 필요하다고 판단된다.

In order to improve the safety and efficiency of traffic signal operation, several core projects of advanced transportation operating systems were implemented in Changwon City. This project included 10 units such as the expansion of roundabout, the permitted left-turn signal operation and the effectiveness of the projects was assessed using before and after studies. This paper presented the quantitative and qualitative evaluation results for three projects: roundabout, permitted left-turn signal operation, and left-turn actuated signal operation. From the analysis results, average travel speed was improved by 16.8% from the installation of roundabouts and average travel time and control delay were reduced by 12.4% and 41.6% respectively, from permitted left-turn operation. It was found that average control delay was reduced about 26.7% from left-turn actuated signal operation. In addition, more than 57.7% of the surveyed people was satisfied with the operational performance of the roundabout implemented. It is expected that the operational performance of traffic signal can be greatly improved by incorporating the proper projects of advanced transportation operating systems in other cities.

무선이동통신의 발달과 스마트 폰, 태블릿PC등의 모바일 디바이스 보급확대로 인해 모바일 디바이스의 업무활용도가 증가하고 있다. 이로 인해 BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) 환경에서의 보안문제가 중요한 이슈로 대두되었 다. 업무활용을 위해 사용되는 개인의 모바일 디바이스에는 개인의 커뮤니케이션정 보, 금융정보 등 개인사용자의 모바일 디바이스 이용패턴에 따른 다양한 개인정보가 저장되며, 업무에 활용될 경우, 조직의 다양한 정보가 저장된다. 이러한 환경적, 사회적인 변화로 조직에서의 모바일 디바이스의 보안수준 향상을 위한 노력이 요구된 다. 본 연구는 모바일 디바이스에 대한 조직의 보안수준향상을 위해 작성되었다. 이를 위해 모바일 디바이스에 탑재되는 모바일 운영체제의 취약점 누적개수의 현황을 파악하고, 선형 및 비선형 시계열 곡선과 취약점 발견모형 (Vulnerability Discovery Model, VDM)의 모바일 운영체제에 대한 적용가능성을 평가 및 비교한다. 본 연구의 대상은 구글의 안드로이드와 애플의 iOS이며, 적용가능성을 평가하고자 하는 모형은 선 형, 2차 및 3차방정식, S- 곡 선, 지수 및 로그곡 선, 그리고 취약점 발견모형인 AT (Anderson Thermodynamic), RE (Rescorla Exponential), RL (Rescorla Linear), LP (Logarithmic Poisson), AML (Alhazmi-Malaiya Logistic)이 다.

There has been an increase in the number of researches on the segment for commercialization after developing avionics systems. In this paper, we have applied a commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) operating systems in an aircraft mission computer. We used UAV collision avoidance algorithms to compare the performance of COTS operating systems. The UAV collision avoidance algorithms were tested on different operating systems to compare the performances of the operating systems. The measured parameters are memory usage and processing time. We have verified that the UAV collision avoidance algorithms worked successfully and compared the performance of each operating system.

배터리 기반의 실시간 내장형 시스템에서는 실시간성을 만족시키기 위한 고속의 성능뿐만 아니라 배터리의 수명을 늘리기 위한 높은 에너지 효율이 요구된다. 실시간 동적전압조정(Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling : RT-DVS)은 이러한 두 가지 요구사항을 만족시키기 위한 핵심기술이다. 본 논문에서는 ccEDF에 기반한 고 효율의 동적전압조정 알고리듬인 EccEDF를 제안한다. EccEDF는 ccEDF의 최대 장점중 하나인 구조적 단순성을 유지하면서 ccEDF 알고리듬의 보수성에 의해 간과된 소요시간(elapsed time)을 고려하여 태스크의 종료시 슬랙에 의해 절감될 수 있는 최대 이용률을 정확하게 계산할 수 있는 알고리듬이다. 절감될 수 있는 최대 이용률은 조기종료 시점에서 잔여수행시간($C_i-cc_i$)을 잔여시간($P_i-E_i$)으로 나누어 계산할 수 있으며, 플루이드 스케줄링 모델을 이용하여 이를 증명한다. 또한 인텔사의 동적전압조정 프로세서 중 초기 모델인 PXA250과 0.28V에서 1.2V까지 폭넓은 동적전압조정 능력을 가진 최신 IA-32 프로세서의 모델을 사용한 시뮬레이션을 통해 실제 응용에서도 EccEDF가 ccEDF 보다 우수함을 입증한다.

For battery based real-time embedded systems, high performance to meet their real-time constraints and energy efficiency to extend battery life are both essential. Real-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling (RT-DVS) has been a key technique to satisfy both requirements. In this paper, we present an efficient RT-DVS algorithm called EccEDF that is designed based on ccEDF. The proposed algorithm can precisely calculate the maximum unused utilization with consideration of the elapsed time while keeping the structural simplicity of ccEDF, which overlooked the time needed to run the task in calculating the available slack. The maximum unused utilization can be calculated by dividing remaining execution time($C_i-cc_i$) by remaining time($P_i-E_i$) on completion of the task and it is proved using Fluid scheduling model. We also show that the algorithm outperforms ccEDF in practical applications which is modelled using a PXA250 and a 0.28V-to-1.2V wide-operating-range IA-32 processor model.

본 연구의 목적은 스마트폰 운영체제의 지배적 디자인을 결정하는 주요 요인이 무엇인지 제시하고 제시된 요인들과 사용만족 간의 논리적 인과관계를 검증하는데 있다. 이를 위해 지배적 디자인을 결정하는 스마트폰 운영체제의 주요 결정요인을 OS호환성, OS향상성, 사용자기반, 그리고 네트워크 효과 등으로 제시했다. 그리고 사용만족과의 논리적 인과관계를 실증분석했다. 연구결과, 스마트폰 운영체제의 OS호환성과 OS향상성은 사용기반 확대에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 OS향상성은 사용기반을 확대 시킬 뿐만 아니라 네트워크 효과를 강화시키는 원인으로 나타났다. 그리고 직접적으로 사용만족에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과는 그동안 실증연구가 이루어지지 않았던 운영체제의 지배적 디자인 결정과정에 대해 논리적 인과관계를 제시하여 학문적으로 뿐만 아니라 실무적으로도 크게 기여했다고 판단된다.

The purpose of this research is to present the major factors which determine dominant design of Smartphone OS and to verify a logical causal relationship with them and user satisfaction. To achieve this goal, OS compatibility, OS enhancement, Installed base, and network effect were presented as determinants of Smartphone OS which serves as the basis for determining dominant design and their logical causal relationship with user satisfaction was empirically analyzed. The results of the research showed that OS compatibility and OS enhancements had a positive effect on the expansion of user base. Of the two factors, OS enhancement showed that it does not only expand the user base but also acts as the cause for the fortification of the network effect. Furthermore, it was shown that OS enhancement had a direct positive effect on user satisfaction. The findings of this research are significant in its academic contribution as well as its potential for practical application by presenting the logical causal relationship in the process of determining OS dominant design an area which was previously untouched by empirical testing.

This paper proposes an integrative framework for determining a dominant design in the mobile operation systems. A dominant design has emerged as a de facto standard from traditional industries to ICT. ICT-related industries have been reorganized around the mobile industry in which the mobile operation system can be seen as a strategical keystone. In this paper, we develop a holistic approach for the emergence of a dominant design in the mobile operation systems. Firstly, we combined an integrative framework based on previous research findings with new determinants derived from cases of the mobile operation systems. Secondly, we categorized all determinants according to technological, firm-level and environmental factors within our proposed framework. Finally, we compared this framework to patterns coded from cases which include Android and iOS. This results show that a dominant design is likely to emerge as a result of the interaction of the determinants, not the influence of a single determinant. Furthermore, our proposed framework may extend the existing literature on dominant designs in both researchers and practitioners and provide implications to actors for establishing a competition strategy in the mobile telecommunication ecosystems.

오늘날의 내장형 시스템은 군사 무기체계, 로봇, 인공위성 등과 같이 전통적인 내장형 시스템에서 휴대폰, PMP(Portable Multimedia Player), PDAs(Personal Digital Assistants)와 같이 통신과 멀티미디어 기기가 결합된 디지털 컨버전스 시스템과 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크 분야로 그 영역을 넓혀가고 있다. 이런 내장형 이동 시스템은 CPU와 메모리 같은 한정된 자원을 효율적으로 관리하고 시간적 논리적 정확성을 보장하기 위해 실시간 운영체제를 많이 사용한다. 특히, 디지털 컨버전스 기기처럼 복잡한 응용프로그램 구동을 요하는 내장형 이동 시스템에서는 한 정된 메모리 자원의 공간 효율성을 극대화하고 할당 시간 지연을 최소화할 수 있는 메모리 할당 기법이 탑재되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 실시간 운영체제 하에서 보다 나은 시간 결정성을 보장하면서도 메모리 공간 효율성을 향상시 킬 수 있는 룩업 테이블을 이용한 동적 메모리 할당 기법을 설계 및 구현하였다.

In recent years, embedded systems have been expanding their application domains from traditional embedded systems such as military weapons, robots, satellites to digital convergence systems with communication and multi-media functionality such as cellular phones, PMP(Potable Multimedia Player), PDAs(Personal Digital Assistants). So as to manage restricted hardware resources efficiently and to guarantee both temporal and logical correctness, every embedded mobile systems use a real-time operating system(RTOS). Digital convergence systems with complicated applications have to use dynamic memory allocation technique to manage restricted memory resource efficiently and minimize memory allocation time. In this paper, we have designed and implemented dynamic memory allocation technique using lookup table, it has better determinism and manage space efficiently.

연구목적: 본 연구는 디지털-트윈 기술을 활용하여 가동원전의 화재방호시스템의 유지보수 방법을 개 발하고, 이를 통해 Active 시스템의 신뢰성을 향상시키고 노심손상빈도(CDF)를 저감하는데 기여하는 것을 목표로 한다. 연구방법: 스프링클러 시스템의 테스트 베드를 구축하고, WebXR 기술을 이용하여 디지털 트윈 플랫폼을 개발하였다. 이 플랫폼은 실시간 데이터 수집, 3D 모델링, 스프링클러 시스템의 물 흐름 시각화를 통합한다. 연구결과: 개발된 디지털 트윈 플랫폼은 스프링클러 시스템의 작동, 물 흐 름, 압력, 유량 등을 성공적으로 시각화하였다. 이를 통해 화재 방호 시스템의 실시간 모니터링, 이상 감 지, 성능 분석이 가능해졌다. 결론: 디지털 트윈 기반 유지보수 방법 모델은 원자력발전소의 화재방호 시스템 유지보수에 더욱 효율적이고 선제적인 접근 방식을 제공한다. 이는 Active 시스템의 신뢰성을 향상시키고, CDF 저감에 기여함으로써 잠재적으로 안전성을 개선이 가능하다 판단된다.

Purpose: This study aims to develop a maintenance method for fire protection systems in operating nuclear power plants using digital-twin technology, focusing on enhancing the reliability of active systems and reducing Core Damage Frequency (CDF). Method: A sprinkler system was constructed, and a Digital-twin platform was developed using WebXR technology. The platform integrates realtime data collection, 3D modeling, and visualization of water flow in the sprinkler system. Result: The developed digital-twin platform successfully visualizes the sprinkler system’s operation, including water flow, pressure, and flow rate. It enables real-time monitoring, anomaly detection, and performance analysis of the fire protection system. Conclusion: The digital-twin based maintenance model offers a more efficient and proactive approach to maintaining fire protection systems in nuclear power plants. This potentially improves safety by enhancing the reliability of active systems and contributing to CDF reduction.

This study has been conducted to provide data that contribute to increasing efficiency of 'Private Security', which is cooperated by customer, security companies and the police which carried out 'Public Law Enforcement' and controls security companies. To reach this purpose, we investigated the status of the 'Security Alarm Systems' operated by security service companied in Korea, analyzed arising problems, considered the polices for improving the operational quality. 'Electronic Security Systems' will increase working efficiency in performing 'Private Security'. There can be no two opinions on this matter. Therefore, it can be supposed that the improvement of operational quality of 'Electronic Security System' is an important factor to accomplish security services. 'Security Alarm System' is one of the 'Electronic Security System'. The critical problems in operating 'Security Alarm system' are unnecessary response by false alarm and nuisance alarm. To reduce the problems, it is suggested that security specialist officially licensed should improve security planning, installation and maintenance, and the 'Alarm Verification System' should be introduced with appropriate facilities.

본 연구는 대테러를 위한 시스템적 접근과 위기관리적 접근을 중심으로 우리나라 대테러시스템 운영의 재모색을 해보고자 한다. 우리나라 대테러시스템의 개방적․통합적 준거로, 대테러를 위한 기능적 연계중심의 개방 시스템과 통합 시스템간의 상관관계 및 거버넌스 활성화 차원의 민간 부문과의 협력 방안의 방향과 세부내용으로는 민간 부문과의 협력을 위해 우선 법적 근거를 마련하고 대테러활동을 수행하기 위하여 대테러관계기관의 관리 및 감독 하에 민간경비와의 파트너십을 통한 개방적 의식전환이 요구됨을 제시하였다. 또한 위기관리적 접근을 통해 예방단계에서는 생화학 테러 관련 법제를 마련하여 규제를 보다 강화해야 할 것이다. 대비단계에서는 국민의 테러 안전의식 배양, 가칭 ‘테러방지의 날’ 제정으로 자발적인 테러 안전의식 고취 확산, 시민들의 자발적인 참여와 관심을 기울일 수 있는 시민신고 포상금 제도 확대, 테러발생 대비의 실질적인 훈련체계가 확립되어야 할 것이다. 대응단계에서는 관계기관간의 네트워크망을 형성하여 정보 공유를 통한 통합 시스템으로 현장대응 관리가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 복구단계에서는 테러로 인한 사고로부터 사회에 복귀할 수 있는 부상자 및 유가족들의 장기적인 관리시스템이 마련되어져야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to rediscover the operation of anti-terrorism system focusing on the system approach and crisis management approach for counter terrorism in Korea. According to the results of this study, it is required to establish a link between open systems and integrative system focusing on functional linkage of counter-terrorism systems, and cooperative measures with private sectors in the dimension of governance activation. Further, it is necessary to prepare legal foundations for the cooperation with private sectors and then promote open consciousness transformation through the partnership with private security for anti-terrorism activities. In addition, in its preventive stage, it is required to prepare legal systems related to biochemical terrorism for stronger regulations through crisis-managerial approach. Next, in its preparatory stage, it is necessary to prepare education and enact named Terror Prevention Day for increasing terror safety consciousness, and then extend citizen reporting reward systems to enable citizens to participate and become interested voluntarily in terror prevention. Also, it is essential to establish the substantial training system for preparing for terror occurrence. Moreover, in its response stage, it is urgent to construct networks between related institutions to manage field and spot responses with integrative management systems through information sharing. Furthermore, in its restoration stage, it is indispensible to prepare long-term management systems for injured persons and families of the deceased from terror incidents.

최근 통신 빛 반도체 기술의 급격한 발전과 함께 소규모 기기에도 컴퓨팅 기능을 탑재하는 사물인터넷 시장이 부상하고 있다. 사물인터넷을 위한 저장장치는 전력소모와 물리적 크기에 제한이 있어 기존 HDD나 SSD 대신 NVRAM 기반의 스토리지가 사용될 것으로 전망되고 있다. 그러나 현재 사물인터넷 플랫폼 기술은 기존의 전통적인 스토리지를 타겟으로 설계되어 NVRAM 스토리지에서는 다양한 비효율성을 초래할 수 있다. 본 논문은 현재의 다양한 운영체제의 I/O 기법들의 효용성과 성능을 NVRAM 스토리지 환경에서 평가하고 분석하여 향후 사물인터넷을 위한 스토리지 기술에 대해 방향성을 제시한다.

With the rapid growth of semiconductor technologies, small-sized devices with powerful computing abilities are becoming a reality. As this environment has a limit on power supply, NVM storage that has a high density and low power consumption is preferred to HDD or SSD. However, legacy software layers optimized for HDDs should be revisited. Specifically, as storage performance approaches DRAM performance, existing I/O mechanisms and software configurations should be reassessed. This paper explores the challenges and implications of using NVM storage with a broad range of experiments. We measure the performance of a system with NVM storage emulated by DRAM with proper timing parameters and compare it with that of HDD storage environments under various configurations. Our experimental results show that even with storage as fast as DRAM, the performance gain is not large for read operations as current I/O mechanisms do a good job hiding the slow performance of HDD. To assess the potential benefit of fast storage media, we change various I/O configurations and perform experiments to quantify the effects of existing I/O mechanisms such as buffer caching, read-ahead, synchronous I/O, direct I/O, block I/O, and byte-addressable I/O on systems with NVM storage.

ARINC 653 Specification defines a standardized interface of real-time operating systems and an Application Executive (APEX) to develop the reliable applications for avionics based on Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA). The requirements of system platform based on ARINC 653 Standard are defined as configuration data and are integrated to the XML configuration file(s) in the real-time operating system. Unfortunately, existing configuration tools for integrating requirements do not provide checking the syntax errors of XML and verifying the integrity of input data for partitioning. This paper presents a configuration tool for ARINC 653 OS that consist of Wizard module which generates the basic configuration data for IMA based on XML Scheme of ARINC 653 Standard, XML and Partition Editor for the partitioning system of IMA, and Verification module which checks the integrity of input data and XML syntax with its visualization.

Complications of embedded applications are increasing. Within due time delivery to the market is also a pressure. So, the demand and use of real time operating systems is also increasing. However, it is an redundant fact that the Real Time Operating System (Real Time OS) can significantly degrade the performance. To face performance degradation, a Real-Time Task Manger (RTTM) has been presented in this paper. The Real-Time Task Manger is a hardware based extension to the processor that decreases performance bottleneck attributed to Real Time Operating System. Real-Time Task Manger decreases these performance bottlenecks introduced by Real Time Operating System by its hardware based architecture. The architecture of Real-Time Task Manger is being discussed in this paper provides an aid to deal with some common operations of Real Time Operating System that reason the performance degradation. For example event management, time management, and task scheduling. These operations have a property of some inborn parallelism. The Real-Time Task Manger uses this property to complete these operations in a constant time, and as a result, minimizes the overhead introduced by Real Time Operating System. The proposed architecture yields two benefits: It reduces the processor time taken by Real Time Operating System, and improves the response time to a considerable amount.

To reduce the possibility of post operation infection resulting from contaminant particles, effective ventilation system plays an important role. The best way to treat an infection is to stop it from occurring in the first place. Concerning the same objective, conventional mixing ventilation systems have been used since long period. Mixing room air distribution aims for dilution of polluted and warm/cool room air with cleaner and cooler/warmer supply air. In this paper three cases of mixing ventilation systems i.e. Single-sided high supply and low exhaust (Case-1); high supply and low exhaust (Case-2) and low supply and high exhaust (Case-3) are investigated using Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Technique. It has been observed that contamination control has been found more effective in case-3 as thermal plumes plays the dominant role.