Earticle

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of resilience in multiple myeloma patients and to identify the impact of symptom experience, cancer coping, and social support on resilience. Methods: Data were collected from January 2022 to May 2022 using self-report structured questionnaires administered to 162 outpatients who were undergoing chemotherapy or follow-up care after multiple myeloma treatment. The measured variables included symptom experience, cancer coping, social support, and resilience. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 25 for descriptive statistics, the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, the Scheffe? test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The mean resilience score of the participants was 66 out of 100 points. The levels of resilience were significantly higher in patients who had a job, recognized the importance of religion, and had a good economic status. Significantly higher levels of resilience were also observed in patients with lower physical performance status, fewer symptom experiences, more positive cancer coping, and higher support from healthcare staff. Conclusion: Monitoring the symptom experience and physical performance ability of patients with multiple myeloma is important for enhancing their resilience. Positive coping strategies need to be developed and additional support from nurses should be provided to strengthen the personal resilience of patients with multiple myeloma.

본 연구는 복합유병 노인을 대상으로 주관적 건강상태를 파악하고 보통 이상의 주관적 건강과 좋은 주관적 건강의 관련 요인을 분석하기 위한 연구이다. 본 연구는 제8기 국민건강영양조사(VIII-1, VIII-2, VIII-3) 자료를 활용한 이차분석 연구로서 복합 유병 노인 1,332명을 대상으로 복합표본분석을 적용하였 으며 카이제곱 검정과 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 시행하였다. 연구 결과 보통 이상의 주관적 건강에는 현재 비흡연, 근력운동 실천, 식이요법 안함, 저체중 아님, 스트레스인지 적음, 우울감 없음, 활동제한 없음이 유의한 관련 요인으로 분석되었으며, 좋은 주관적 건강을 위해서는 근력운동 실천, 저체중 아님, 스트레스인지 적음, 우울감 없음, 활동제한 없음이 유의한 관련 요인으로 분석되었다. 이 결과는 복합유 병 노인의 주관적 건강을 보통 이상으로 또는 좋은 상태로 개선하기 위한 간호전략이 상호 보완적이며 통합적으로 적용되어야 함을 시사한다.

This study aimed to identify factors associated with self-rated health (SRH) of older adults with multiple morbidities based on their socio-demographic and health characteristics. Data were derived from the 8th KNHNE (2019~2021), and sample consisted of 1,332 older adults with multiple morbidities. Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression were performed based on complex sample analysis. As the factors associated with self-rated health of average or higher, currently not smoking, trying to strength exercise, not dietary control, not being underweight, less perceived stress, less depression and not being activity restrictions. As the factors associated with SRH, trying to strength exercise, not being underweight, less perceived stress, less depression and not being activity restrictions. It is necessary that nursing strategies should be integrated to improve SRH of older adults with multiple morbidities to above average or good.

Knowledge sharing is seen as one of the essential processes for knowledge management. A growing number of professionals have started social media (SM) platforms and use this tool to share their ideas. It is important to explore ways to encourage individuals to contribute personal knowledge and to assist SM members to share their expertise. This paper offers a new perspective(a multiple gaps model) on the mechanisms related to the sharing knowledge, which in turn facilitates SM platforms knowledge sharing behaviors and yields important implications for understanding knowledge sharing behavior in SM platforms. The aim of this research is to determining and examining the factors that may encourage and enhance the knowledge sharing behavior using SM platforms. To achieve the objective of this research, we have conducted questionnaire survey with the users, where 265 questionnaire were distributed of in the various university in Korea. The results from the survey indicated that, 10 out of the 11 proposed hypotheses are supported. These hypotheses are the crucial factors that influence the knowledge sharing behaviors of users.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of various factors on preterm labor symptoms (PLS) and preterm birth (PB). Methods: This prospective cohort study included 193 women in the second stage of pregnancy. Multiple characteristics including body mass index (BMI), smoking, and pregnancy complications were collected through a self-report questionnaire. Pregnancy stress and PLS were each measured with a related scale. Cervical length and birth outcome were evaluated from medical charts. Multiple regression was used to predict PLS and logistic regression was used to predict PB. Results: Multiple regression showed smoking experience, pregnancy complications and pregnancy specific stress were predictors of PLS and accounted for 19.2% of the total variation. Logistic regression showed predictors of PB to be twins (OR=13.68, CI=3.72~50.33, p<.001), shorter cervix (<25mm) (OR=5.63, CI=1.29~24.54, p<.05), BMI >25 ($kg/m^2$) (OR=3.50, CI=1.35~9.04, p<.01) and a previous PB (OR=4.15, CI=1.07~16.03, p<.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the multiple factors affect stage II pregnant women can result in PLS or PB. And preterm labor may predict PB. These findings highlight differences in predicting variables for pretrm labor and for PB. Future research is needed to develop a screening tool to predict the risk of preterm birth in pregnant women.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe levels of multiple stress factors and depression, and to examine the effects of the stress factors on depression among female marriage immigrants in Korea. Methods: Participants were 322 female marriage immigrants currently residing in Korea, who migrated from China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and other Asian countries. Stress of female marriage immigrants was measured on the SMFMI (Stress Measure of Female Marriage Immigrants in Korea), consisting of 21 items in four factors (cultural, household economic, emotional, and parenting and discrimination stress). CES-D was used to assess depression among marriage immigrants. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe’s post hoc tests, and multiple regressions were performed for data analyses. Results: The average score for stress was 1.34 (SD=.98, theoretical range: 0-4) and the average score for depression was 17.07 (SD=10.09) in these female marriage immigrants. Adjusting for household income, employment status, duration since immigration, and Korean language proficiency, household economic stress (p<.001) was identified as the strongest predictor in explaining depression of female marriage immigrants (Adjusted R2=.331). Conclusion: Health care professionals should prioritize intervention strategies to alleviate household economic stress for mental health promotion in female marriage immigrants in Korea.

이 연구는 일개 광역시 지역의 2015년도 지역사회건강조사 응답자 4,590명의 자료를 분석하였다. 만성질환의 대표질환인 고혈압, 당뇨, 복합만성질환자에 대한 단변량 및 다변량 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과로 복합만성질환 과 유의한 관련변수로 학력, 소득, 소금섭취 및 BMI 등이 이었으며, 고혈압은 학력, 소득, 소금섭취 등이었고, 당뇨는 연령, 학력, 음주빈도, BMI 등 이었다. 복합만성질환과 고혈압, 당뇨는 인구, 사회통계적 특성과 건강행태적 특성, 건강 관리적 특성에 따라 유의한 차이를 있음을 재확인하였다. 추후 복합만성질환 및 고혈압, 당뇨 등의 만성질환의 예방관리 프로그램 기획과 정책개발에 이러한 점들을 고려해야 할 것이다.

Many people suffers from multiple chronic diseases, leading cause of death and disability in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting multiple chronic diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. We analyzed the data of one metropolitan city of community health survey, 2015. 4,590 citizens were enrolled in this study. Prevalence of multiple chronic diseases, hypertension, and diabetes were 5.14%, 16.8%, and 3.89%, respectively. Educational attainment, income, salt intake, and BMI were identified as independent risk factors associated with multiple chronic diseases. Educational attainment, income, salt intake were significantly associated with hypertension and age, educational attainment, frequency of alcohol drinking, salt intake were associated with diabetes. Multiple chronic diseases, hypertension, and diabetes were associated with sociodemographic, economic, and health behavioral factors. We should consider these variables in the prevention and management programs and policies for patients with multiple chronic diseases.

본 연구에서는 대학생의 다중전공(복수전공, 부전공, 산학연계전공, 융합전공 등) 선택 시 가장 중요하게 생 각하는 요인이 무엇인지, 실제 다중전공 경험을 통해서 어떠한 요인에 만족하고 있는지 분석하여 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 선행연구를 분석하여 대학생의 다중전공 선택 시 고려하는 요인 3가지(진로준비행동, 자기개발, 학문적 욕구충족)를 도출하여 IPA 기법이 적용된 설문지를 제작하였다. 설문은 다중전공 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 학생(졸업생)을 대상으로 온라인으로 실시하였다. 설문결과를 통해서 대학생은 다중전공을 통해서 본인의 경쟁력 강화와 졸업 후 진로준비에 도움이 되고, 사회에서 요구하는 새로운 지식을 습득하 여 다양한 문제를 해결할 수 있는 인재로 발전하는 데 도움이 되는 것을 중요하게 판단하는 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to provide implications by analyzing what factors university students consider most important when selecting multiple majors and what factors they are satisfied with through actual multiple significant experiences. To achieve this study's purpose, a questionnaire to which the IPA technique was applied was produced by analyzing preceding studies to derive three factors (career preparation behavior, self-development, and academic needs satisfaction) from considering multiple majors university students. Through the survey results, it is important that college students strengthen their competitiveness through multiple majors, help them prepare for careers after graduation, and help them develop into talents who can solve various problems by acquiring new knowledge required by society.

복수 유명인 옹호광고는 광고 캠페인에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 형태다. 그러나, 복수 유명인 옹호광고의 효과에 관한 연구는 많지 않다. 특히 본 연구는 복수 유명인 옹호광고에 미치는 영향 요인들에 대해 살펴보고자 한다. 포트폴리오-브랜드 적합도, 포트폴리오-유명인 적합도, 그리고 포트폴리오 유명인-소비자 적합도라는 요인들이 복수 유명인 옹호광고 상황에서 광고태도 및 구매의도에 영향을 미치는 세가지 요인들로 실험에 포함되었다. 연구결과, 포트폴리오-브랜드 적합도, 포트폴리오-유명인 적합도, 그리고 포트폴리오 유명인-소비자 적합도는 소비자들의 광고태도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 요인들임이 밝혀졌다. 더 나아가, 이 세가지 요인들간의 상관관계가 통계학적으로 유의미한 중요성을 가지고 있다는 것이 나타났다.

The use of multiple celebrity endorsement is a common practice in advertising campaigns. However, little research has been conducted on the effects of multiple celebrity endorsement. In particular, the current study is designed to delve into what factors influence the effects of multiple celebrity endorsement. Portfolio-brand fit, portfolio-celebrity fit, and portfolio celebrity-consumer fit are three factors that affect a consumer's attitude toward the ad, the endorsed brand, and the purchase intention in the context of multiple celebrity endorsement. Study findings suggest that portfolio-brand fit, portfolio-celebrity fit, and portfolio celebrity-consumer fit positively affect attitudes toward the ad. In addition, as shown in the modified model, covariance among these three variables was found. Practical and theoretical implications were also discussed.

우리나라의 민간의료보험 가입자 수는 꾸준히 증가하고 있지만 그에 대한 가계부담이나 중복가입 현황에 대해서는 구체적으로 다뤄지지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 한국의료패널 2011년부터 2018년 조사자료를 사용하여 우리나라 가구의 민간의료보험 가입 현황을 살펴보았다. 또한 가구원당 민간의료보험 가입수가 3개를 초과하는 가구를 과다가입 가구로 정의하고 2018년 단면자료를 사용하여 민간의료보험 과다가입과 관련된 요인에 대해 로짓모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석기간 동안 우리나라 가구의 가입 보험수는 꾸준히 증가하였으며 1인당 보험수는 2011년 1.3개에서 2018년 1.6개로 증가하였다. 1인당 보험수가 3개를 초과한 가구의 비율은 동기간 5.2%에서 10.8%로 증가하였다. 로짓분석 결과 가구주가 여성인 경우, 교육수준이 높고 고소득인 가구, 가구주 직업이 사무·서비스·판매직인 경우에 과다가입 가능성이 높아졌고, 의료급여 가구와 가구내 만성질환이 많은 가구는 과다가입 가능성이 낮아졌다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 가구의 실손의료보험 가입의 실효성과 가계부담에 대한 심층 연구에 기초자료가 될 것으로 기대한다.

Although the number of people insured by private health insurance in Korea is steadily increasing, the household burden or the status of multiple purchasing for private health insurance has not been addressed. In this study, data of the 2011-2018 Korea Health Panel Survey was used to examine the purchasing trend of Korean households' private health insurance. Households with more than three private health insurance per household member were defined as the 'poly-purchases'. The logit model was applied to analyze factors associated with poly-purchase of private health insurance using 2018 cross-sectional data. From 2011 to 2018, the number of insurances purchased by Korean households increased (4.0 to 4.6), the number of insurances per capita increased (1.3 to 1.6), and the proportion of the poly-purchasing households increased (5.2% to 10.8%). As a result of logit analysis, the probability of poly-purchasing was increased when the household head was a woman, with a high level of education and income, and when the job of the household head was a service or sales. Poly-purchasing was less likely when the family was subsidized with Medical Aids and suffered with more chronic diseases. The results of this study serve basic evidence for establishing policies regarding private health insurance, such as establishing the relationship between public and private insurance.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the relationships among fatigue, pain, anxiety, depression, and quality of life inKorean patients with multiple myeloma and to identify factors influencing their quality of life. Methods: The study design was a crosssectionaldescriptive study. The participants were 92 multiple myeloma patients who visited the outpatient department at a universityhospital in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from January to April in 2013 with self-reporting questionnaires. Results: The meanscores of quality of life in all dimensions were relatively low. Fatigue, pain, anxiety and depression were all correlated to the globalheath/quality of life, functional quality of life, and symptom quality of life (p<.001). Fatigue, pain and depression accounted for 65.1%(p<.001) in global health/quality of life and 73.6% (p<.001) in functional quality of life, respectively. And fatigue and pain accountedfor 66.4% (p<.001) in symptom quality of life. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that fatigue, pain and depression weremajor predictors of quality of life for patients with multiple myeloma. Therefore, psychological symptoms, such as depression, andphysical symptoms should be integrated into the nursing intervention to improve their quality of life.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors that influence self-management behaviors in older people with multiple chronic conditions based on the Individual and Family Self-Management Theory. Methods: Data were collected in metropolitan cities B and Y in South Korea from September 2 to October 4, 2023. A total of 149 older people with multiple chronic conditions completed a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 73.9±7.3 years, and 65.8% were women. As a result of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the factors influencing self-management behavior were family functioning (β=.32, p<.001), self efficacy (β=.24, p<.001), subjective economic status (β=.15, p<.05), duration of chronic disease (β=-.14, p<.012). This regression model was explained by 56% of the self-management behaviors. Conclusion: The findings suggest that continuous and comprehensive approaches to improving family functioning, increasing individual confidence in health care, and addressing economic barriers lead to more effective management of chronic conditions.

해기사의 높은 이직률은 기업의 측면에서 교육, 훈련 및 채용 등 인력 운용에 있 어 많은 경제적 손실을 야기하며, 국가적 차원에서도 국가의 자원으로 해기 인력을 양성하는 대한민국의 현실을 고려할 때 그 손실은 더욱 크다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구 는 최근 외항상선 해기사들의 이직률 증가 원인을 직무스트레스의 측면에서 분석하 고자 하였으며, 직무스트레스가 직무만족도 및 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 그에 대한 개선 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 한국 형 해기사 직무스트레스 측정 도구를 개발하였으며, 이를 활용하여 재직 중인 해기 사 146명을 대상으로 설문을 수행하였다. 설문 결과를 기반으로 요인분석 및 신뢰도 검증을 수행하였으며, 직무스트레스 요인을 직무부담요인, 직무보상요인, 인간관계요 인, 고용불안요인, 조직문화요인 등 5개의 요인으로 차원 축소 및 재분류하였다. 분 석 결과 직무스트레스 요인 중 직무부담요인, 직무보상요인, 인간관계요인, 고용불안 요인, 조직문화요인이 직무만족도에 영향을 미치며, 직무부담요인, 직무보상요인, 조 직문화요인이 이직의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 향후 본 연구에서 도출한 직무스트레스 요인에 따른 체계적 관리와 직무스트레스 경감 방안 개발을 통하여 해기사의 직무만족도 향상 및 이직의도 경감에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

As aspect of shipping companies, the high turnover rate of merchant ships’ officers causes a lot of economic and time losses in personnel management including education, training and recruitment. It is even greater loss at national level, because the Korean government has put resources and expenditures to rise officers through the maritime schools every year. In this study, the reason for the recent increase in turnover rate of the officers in shipping companies was analyzed in terms of job stress. The effect of job stress on job satisfaction and turnover intention was analyzed and the improvement plans were proposed. To achieve the purpose of this study, the stress measuring tool of KMOSS(Korean Maritime Officer’s Occupational Stress Scale) was developed and the survey was conducted on 146 officers who are on vacation. According to the survey, the job stressor factors were derived to five factors through the factor analysis and reliability verification; i.e. job burden factors, job compensation factors, human relation factors, job insecurity factors, and organizational culture factors. In addition, all stressor factors affected to job satisfaction. In case of turnover intention were found to be affected by job burden factors, job compensation factors and organizational culture factors. In the future, it is expected that the results can contribute to reduction of turnover rate and improve job satisfaction through systematic management of stressor factors which are derived in this study.

Bortezomib acts by disrupting ubiquitin-proteasome pathway which regulates proteinhomeostasis within the cell and has demonstrated significant activity mainly against recurrent ornewly diagnosed multiple myeloma(MM). Among bortezomib-related side effects, peripheral neuropathy(PN) as main dose-limiting non-haematological toxicity can substantially affect thequality of life of patients. It typically requires dose-reduction, delay, or even premature terminationof successful treatment. Therefore, predicting the risk for neuropathy before the therapyand a proper management of neurotoxicity are very important considerations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of PN, risk factors, and prior exposure topotentially neurotoxic chemotherapy. A total of 108 patients with multiple myeloma(MM) wereincluded, who received bortezomib in Seoul National University of Hospital(SNUH) from May 2005 to April 2008. A retrospective chart review was performed on SNUH patients’ElectronicMedical Records(EMR), and the SPSS Statistics 19.0 was used for analysis. In univariate analysis, no correlation was found between the development of PN, sex, or age,but creatinine level (Scr≥2)(48% vs 78%, p=0.007, OR=0.264), presence of DM(50% vs 76%,p=0.034, OR=0.324) and number of therapy cycles(N>3)(84% vs 57%, p=0.002, OR=4.046) weresignificantly correlated with PN incidence. In a multivariate logistic regression, the risk of bortezomib-related PN was lower in patients whose creatinine level was high(Scr≥2)(OR=0.248) andgreater in patients treated with high number of bortezomib cylces(N>3)(OR=4.235). Concerning that the prior exposure to chemotherapy could exacerbate neurotoxicity, there waslower incidence of PN in the prior bortezomib treated group(38% vs 62%, p=0.007), prior bortezomibwith thalidomide treated group(36% vs 63%, p=0.003), and prior bortezomib with vincristinetreated group(37% vs 60%, p=0.026).

본 연구는 유자녀 직장여성이 다중역할을 경험하는데 경험의 질(긴장감과 이득)에 따라 어떤 하위집단들이 존재하는지 군집분석을 통해 살펴보고, 분석을 통해 도출된 하위집단들의 심리적인 특성(우울, 삶의 만족도, 일-가정 균형감) 및 가정환경, 근로환경에 어떠한 차이가 있는지 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 참여자는 대부분 전일제로 근무를 하는 동시에 막내 자녀의 나이가 초등학생 이하인 196명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 참여자들은 자기 보고식 설문지를 실시하였다. 이들을 대상으로 군집분석을 실시한 결과, 3개의 하위집단으로 구분되었다. 군집1은 ‘다중역할 갈등형’으로 다중역할을 수행하는데 있어서 긴장감을 많이 느끼는 집단이었다. 심리적 특성을 보면, 삶의 만족도가 낮고 우울감은 높으며 일-가정 균형감은 낮았다. 가정 환경적 특성 중 가사와 양육에 대한 본인 부담 비율이 세 군집 중 가장 높은 집단이었다. 군집2는 ‘다중 역할 강화형’으로 다중역할을 수행하는데 있어서 이득을 느끼는 집단이었다. 심리적 특성을 보면, 삶의 만족도가 높고 우울감은 낮으며 일-가정 균형감에 대한 평가는 높았다. 가정 환경적 특성 중 가사 일에 대한 본인 부담 비율은 세 집단 중 가장 낮았다. 군집3은 다중역할에 대해 이득이나 긴장감 중 어느 한쪽으로 치우치지 않는 집단으로 ‘다중역할 중립형’으로 명명하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 각 군집에 대한 특성에 대한 해석과 함께 시사점, 제한점에 대해 논의하였다.

The present study examined the subgroups of working mothers divided by work-family gains, work-family strains, work-parenting gains and work-parenting strains. Results from a cluster analysis with a sample of married and employed women with the youngest children under 12 years old (N=196) indicated the presence of three clusters. Cluster 1 was characterized by greater multiple role strains, lower satisfaction with life, a higher depression score, and more difficulties in work-family balance. This group also reported taking more responsibilities for household chores and parenting. Therefore, this group was named ‘multiple role conflicts type’. By contrast, Cluster 2 showed the characteristics of greater multiple role gains, more satisfaction with life, a lower depression score, and more balance in work-family roles. Individuals in this cluster also reported less responsibilities for household chores and parenting. Based on these characteristics, Cluster 2 was named ‘multiple role enrichment type’. Finally, Cluster 3 showed an average level of multiple role gains and strains. Based on these characteristics, Cluster 3 was named ‘multiple role neutral type’. The implications and suggestion for future studies were discussed.

본 연구는 중도입국청소년이 경험하는 문화적응스트레스에 영향을 미치는 환 경적 요인을 살펴보고, Bronfenbrenner의 생태체계모델 관점을 적용하여 위계 적다중회귀분석을 통해 분석하여 유의미한 사회복지적 실천적 함의와 정책적 함 의를 도출하기 위한 연구이다. 경기도에 거주하거나 학교를 다니는 10~20세 사 이의 279명의 중도입국청소년의 설문조사 자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, Bronfenbrenner의 생태체계모델은 중도입국 청소년의 미시체계에서의 환경적 요인분석에 적용가능성을 보였다. 둘째, 문화 적응스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 연구한 본 연구의 연구모형은 위계적회귀 모델에서 개인요인 가족요인 학교요인을 모두 넣은 모델3이 가장 큰 설명력을 보였다. 셋째, 가족요인에서 부모의 지지가, 학교요인에서는 학교소속감이 문화 적응스트레스를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구에서는 데이터의 한계로 미시체계의 환경적 변인만을 살펴보았기에, 추후에 중간체계 외부체계 거시체계의 환경적 변인이 문화적응스트레스에 미치 는 영향에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

This study examines environmental factors that affect the cultural adjustment stress experienced by adolescent immigrants. By applying Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system model, this study analyzes the environmental factors through the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. It Is a study to derive meaningful social and practical implication and suggest its results in the policy level. It was analyzed by using the survey data of 279 adolescent immigrants between the age of 10 to 20 who lived or attended schools in Gyeonggi-do Province. The main results are as follows. First, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system model showed its potential applicability on analyzing environmental factors of adolescent immigrants. Second, the research model of this study, which examined factors affecting the cultural adjustment stress, showed that the model 3, which had all of the individual, family, and school factors, showed the maximum explanation in the hierarchical regression analysis. Third, parents’ support of family factors and sense of school belonging of school factors decreased the cultural adjustment stress. In this study, only the environmental variables in microsystem level was tested because of the limitation of data. Further research is needed to examine the impact of environmental variables affecting the cultural adjustment stress on mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels afterwards.

본 연구는 중도입국청소년이 경험하는 문화적응스트레스에 영향을 미치는 환 경적 요인을 살펴보고, Bronfenbrenner의 생태체계모델 관점을 적용하여 위계 적다중회귀분석을 통해 분석하여 유의미한 사회복지적 실천적 함의와 정책적 함 의를 도출하기 위한 연구이다. 경기도에 거주하거나 학교를 다니는 10~20세 사 이의 279명의 중도입국청소년의 설문조사 자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, Bronfenbrenner의 생태체계모델은 중도입국 청소년의 미시체계에서의 환경적 요인분석에 적용가능성을 보였다. 둘째, 문화 적응스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인을 연구한 본 연구의 연구모형은 위계적회귀 모델에서 개인요인 가족요인 학교요인을 모두 넣은 모델3이 가장 큰 설명력을 보였다. 셋째, 가족요인에서 부모의 지지가, 학교요인에서는 학교소속감이 문화 적응스트레스를 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이번 연구에서는 데이터의 한계로 미시체계의 환경적 변인만을 살펴보았기에, 추후에 중간체계 외부체계 거시체계의 환경적 변인이 문화적응스트레스에 미치는 영향에 대한 추가 연구가 필요하다.

This study examines environmental factors that affect the cultural adjustment stress experienced by adolescent immigrants. By applying Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system model, this study analyzes the environmental factors through the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. It Is a study to derive meaningful social and practical implication and suggest its results in the policy level. It was analyzed by using the survey data of 279 adolescent immigrants between the age of 10 to 20 who lived or attended schools in Gyeonggi-do Province. The main results are as follows. First, Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system model showed its potential applicability on analyzing environmental factors of adolescent immigrants. Second, the research model of this study, which examined factors affecting the cultural adjustment stress, showed that the model 3, which had all of the individual, family, and school factors, showed the maximum explanation in the hierarchical regression analysis. Third, parents’ support of family factors and sense of school belonging of school factors decreased the cultural adjustment stress. In this study, only the environmental variables in microsystem level was tested because of the limitation of data. Further research is needed to examine the impact of environmental variables affecting the cultural adjustment stress on mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem levels afterwards.

본 연구는 고객과의 상호작용 측면에서 서비스 제공자의 감동노동에 영향을 미치는 선행요인이 무엇인지 식별하고, 해당 요인들이 어떠한 심리적 메커니즘을 통하여 감정노동에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구를 수행하기 위하여 선행연구를 바탕으로 고객 과의 상호작용 측면에서 발생할 수 있는 요인으로 고객과 서비스 제공자 사이의 사회유대와 고객 기대 모호성을 특정하였다. 나아가, 고객과의 상호작용 측면에서 발생할 수 있는 요인들과 감정노동의 행동전략 사이에 개인-직업 적합성과 직무열의의 심리적 요인들이 연속으로 매개하 는 매커니즘이 존재할 것으로 예측하였다. 이를 확인하기 위하여 선행연구를 바탕으로 가설을 설정하고 연구모델을 구성하였다. 또한, 의료서 비스 산업에 속하여 고객 접점에서 근무하는 서비스 제공자로부터 데이터를 수집하여 분석을 실시하였다. 가설분석 결과, 사회유대는 개인-직 업 적합성에 긍정적으로 작용한 반면, 고객 기대 모호성은 개인-직업 적합성에 부정적인 영향력을 가지는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 개인-직업 적합성은 직무열의를 향상시켰다. 직무열의는 감정노동의 행동전략 중 표면행동에 대하여 유의한 영향력을 미치지 못하는 반면, 내면행동에 대하여 긍정적으로 작용하는 것을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 사회유대와 내면행동 사이에서 개인-직업 적합성과 직무열의가 연속적으로 매개하 는 심리적 매커니즘이 존재하는 것을 확인하였다.

This study was conducted to identify antecedent factors that affect emotional labor of service providers in terms of interaction with customers and to examine what psychological mechanisms affect emotional labor. To conduct this study, based on previous research, social bonds between customers and service providers and ambiguous customer expectation were identified as factors that may arise in terms of interaction with customers. Furthermore, it was predicted that there would exist a mechanism through which the psychological factors of person-job fit and work engagement sequentially mediate between factors that may arise in terms of interaction with customers and behavioral strategies of emotional labor. To confirm this, hypotheses were set based on previous research and a research model was constructed. In addition, data was collected and analyzed from service providers working at frontline in the medical service industry. As a result of analyzing the hypotheses, it was confirmed that social bonds had a positive effect on person-job fit, while ambiguous customer expectation had a negative effect on person-job fit. While work engagement did not have a significant influence on surface acting, it was confirmed that the influence of work engagement on deep acting had a positive effect. Ultimately, it was confirmed that a psychological mechanism exists in which person-job fit and work engagement sequentially mediate between social bonds and deep acting.

The purpose of this report is to discuss the obtained findings gathered from ultrasound screenings of the liver. After running diagnostic tests health, screens were then conducted to analyze and compare the gained results. This data was then charted and used to strengthen our theorized hypothesis. From January 2013 to June 2013 a recorded 2906 people over the age of 20 visited Health Promotion Centers in various areas throughout Daejeon. Of those 2906 participants 1789 underwent screenings for abdominal ultrasonography; these participants as well as their ultrasound results were used as the bases of our study. For the establishment of our baseline and the comparison of our results, we gathered case-controlled studies from various reputable sources. Both the control and the experimental groups were tested to measure the following liver enzymes (AST, ALT, r-GTP, ALP, and etc.). Kidney functions were measured as well enzymes such as BUN, Creatinine, and Uric Acids levels were analyzed and recorded to see if any relationships existed between the levels documented in the liver and those in the kidneys. It was shown that the two primary causes of fat build up within the liver were significantly connected to obesity BMI(OR=4.14) and waist circumference(OR=3.88).