Earticle

방송 프로그램의 특성과 같이 광고 시청 시 상황적 특성이 시청자의 정보처리와 광고평가 에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 광고 맥락효과는 지난 수십 년 동안 실증연구가 진행되어 왔지만, 선행연구들의 결과는 상반된 관점이 혼재되어 있어 해당 분야에 대한 이론적‧실무적 합의 점을 찾기 힘든 상황이다. 이 연구는 방송, 광고, 커뮤니케이션 분야에서 지금까지 수행된 선행 연구를 토대로 방송 프로그램의 광고 맥락효과의 전반적인 크기와 방향을 메타분석을 통해 통합 적으로 살펴보았다. 총 27편의 학술논문이 연구대상으로 선정되었고, 메타분석 전용 프로그램인 CMA(Comprehensive Meta Analysis)를 이용하여 개별 연구들의 효과크기가 산출되었다. 연구결 과, 전반적으로 방송광고의 맥락은 통계적으로 광고효과에 유의미한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났 으며, 효과 단계별로는 태도적인 측면에서 가장 큰 효과를 보여주었다. 또한 방송광고의 맥락효 과는 프로그램과 광고의 맥락이 일치할 때 그 효과가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 설문 데이터와 일반 샘플을 활용한 연구에서 보다 큰 효과가 관찰되었다. 이 연구는 지금까지 국내에 이루어진 방송광고 맥락효과 관련 연구를 메타분석을 통해 통합적으로 살펴보았다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 향후 이루어질 광고 맥락효과 연구의 방향성에 대해 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다.

The present study pursues a quantitative integration and review of the advertising context effect in broadcast media on consumers' cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses. A meta-analysis of 27 studies in major academic journals in Korea was conducted. The results demonstrates that the program context in advertising significantly affects consumers' responses to advertisements. Specifically, it is found that the impact of the context in advertising is manifest when the dependent variables are attitudinal. However, the effect of ad context on cognitive and behavioral variables is modest. In line with previous studies, the result demonstrates that the effects of ad context are found to be more salient when the context of the program and advertising is congruent. Further, the result indicates that the effects of context are found to be more salient among survey studies than experimental studies.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 로즈 에센셜 오일과 다마스크 로즈 에센셜 오일이 성인의 심리적 요인(스트레스, 우울 및 불안)에 미치는 효 과 크기를 비교 분석하여 로즈 에센셜 오일 및 다마스크 로즈 에센셜 오일의 효율적인 활용 방안을 제시하는 데 있다. 방법: 최근 10 년간(2014년 1월-2024년 12월) 출판된 로즈 에센셜 오일, 다마스크 로즈 에센셜 오일, 성인의 심리적 인요(불안, 우울, 스트레스)을 key words로 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 연구 자료들은 PICOS 형식에 따라 실험군과 대조군의 사전-사후 결과를 메타분석하였다. 결과: 로즈 에센셜 오일은 스트레스(0.507), 불안(0.499), 우울(0.053) 순으로, 다마스크 로즈 에센셜 오일은 스트레스(0.603), 불안 (0.565), 우울(0.470) 순으로 효과 크기가 크게 나타났다. 즉, 두 오일 모두 스트레스 해소와 불안 증상 완화에 효과적으로 나타났다. 다만, 우울 증상의 경우, 다마스크 로즈 에센셜 오일은 효과적이었으나, 로즈 에센셜 오일은 효과가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 스트레스와 불안 증상이 있는 성인을 대상으로 두 오일을 사용한다면 심리적 안정에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다. 다만, 우울증이 있는 대상의 경우는 다마스크 로즈 에센셜 오일의 사용이 바람직할 것이다.

Purpose: This study compared and analyzed the effects of rose and damask rose essential oils on psychological factors (stress, depression, and anxiety) in adults. Methods: Data were collected using keyword searches to identify research on rose and damask rose essential oils for the treatment of psychological factors in adults (anxiety, depression, and stress) published between January 2014 and December 2024. The collected research data were analyzed before and after interventions according to the PICOS format. Results: Rose essential oil displayed the greatest effect size in the order of (0.507) for stress, (0.499) for anxiety and (0.053) for depression and damask rose essential oil exhibited the greatest effect size in the order of (0.603) for stress, (0.565) for anxiety and (0.470) for depression. Conclusion: Both oils could be effective in adults with symptoms of stress and anxiety. However, damask rose essential oil is most desirable for subjects with depression.

目的: 本研究比较并分析了玫瑰和大马士革玫瑰精油对成人心理因素（压力、抑郁和焦虑）的影响。方法: 使用 关键词搜索收集数据，以识别2014年1月至2024年12月发表的关于玫瑰和大马士革玫瑰精油治疗成人心理因素 (焦虑、抑郁和压力)的研究。根据PICOS格式对干预前后收集的研究数据进行分析。结果: 玫瑰精油的效应大小 依次为压力(0.507)，焦虑(0.499)和抑郁(0.053)的顺序显示，大马士革玫瑰精油的效应大小依次为压力(0.603)， 焦虑(0.565)和(0.470)抑郁的顺序显示。结论: 这两种油对有压力和焦虑症状的成年人都有效。然而，大马士革 玫瑰精油最适合抑郁症患者。

목적: 본 연구는 라벤더와 라벤더 블렌딩 에센셜 오일이 성인의 심리적 요인에 미치는 효과 크기를 비교 분석하여 라벤더 에센셜 오 일에 대한 이해를 높이고, 효율적인 활용 방안을 제시하기 위해 메타분석을 실시하였다. 방법: 라벤더와 라벤더 블렌딩 에센셜오 일이 심리적 관련 요인에 미친 효과 크기를 분석하기 위해 10년간(2013년 1월-2023년 12월) 출판된 연구물들을 수집하였다. 자료 의 선정은 PICOS 형식에 따라 수량화된 평균값과 표준편차를 제시한 실험군과 대조군의 사전-사후를 비교하는 연구를 선정하였으 며, 메타분석 전문프로그램인 Biostat사(Englewood, USA)의 CMA 4 (comprehensive meta-analysis version 4)를 이용하여 분석하 였다. 결과: 라벤더 단독 에센셜 오일의 경우 불안(0.731)과 스트레스(0.730)에 효과가 높았으며, 그 다음으로 수면의 질(0.673), 피 로(0.601)의 순이었다. 라벤더 블렌딩 에센셜 오일의 경우 수면의 질(1.383)이 효과크기가 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 피로(1.159), 스트레스(0.789), 불안(0.638)의 순이었다. 즉, 라벤더 에센셜 오일을 사용한 심리적요인의 개선은 불안감과 스트레스의 완화를 위 해서는 단독으로 사용하고, 수면의 질과 피로의 개선을 위해서는 블렌딩으로 사용하는 것이 효과가 높았다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 성인의 심리적요인(불안, 수면의 질, 스트레스 및 피로)의 개선을 위해 사용된 라벤더와 라벤더 에센셜오일의 사용 효과가 있는 것 을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 효과크기 분석의 결과는 라벤더와 라벤더 블렌딩 에센셜오일에 대한 객관적인 결과의 근거자료를 제공하 는데 큰 의의가 있으며, 차후 전반적인 심리적요인에 대한 효과를 확인하기 위해 다양한 연구들이 필요하다고 판단된.

Purpose: This study analyzed the effect size of lavender essential oil and lavender blended essential oils on adult psychological factors. A meta-analysis was conducted to recommend an effective application strategy for improving psychological factors in adults. Methods: To analyze the effect size of lavender essential oil and lavender blended essential oils on psychological factors in adults, studies published over the last 10 years (January 2013 to December 2023) were collected. Studies were selected based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcomes, and study-format focusing on those that compared the pre and post psychological health of experimental group and control group and presented the mean and standard deviation. Data were analyzed using the version 4 software by Biostat (Englewood, USA). Results: Treatment with lavender essential oil alone showed highly positive effect on anxiety (0.731) and stress (0.730), followed by positive effects on sleep quality (0.673) and fatigue (0.601). Furthermore, treatment with lavender blended essential oils showed the most positive effects on sleep quality (1.383), followed by fatigue (1.159), stress (0.789), and anxiety (0.638). Conclusion: This study, discovered that lavender essential is effective in relieving anxiety and stress when used to improve adult psychological factors (anxiety, sleep quality, stress, and fatigue), and lavender blended essential oils are particularly effective in improving sleep quality and reducing fatigue. These results are expected to be valuable in prescribing treatments for individuals of various ages and lifestyles suffering from various psychological factors.

정보기술의 활용이 보편화되면서 대중과 연구자 모두 정보 프라이버시 문제에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 이러한 문제에 대한 연구가 기하급수적으로 증가하면서 연구결과에 대한 전반적인 이해가 어려워졌다. 이에 따라 과거 연구에 대한 체계적인 검토가 요구된다. 본 연구는 정보 프라이버시 연구에 핵심적인 네 가지 연구개념을 두 가지 연구 모형으로 설정하고 기존 연구에서 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 실증 분석하였다. TSSEM이라는 정량적 메타분석 기법이 적용되었는데, 이 기법은 MASEM의 한 가지로서 구조방정식모형과 메타분석 기법을 통합하여 분석하는 기능을 제공 한다. 분석결과는 위험 중심적 모형이 염려 중심적 모형과 비교하여 보다 높은 모형 적합도를 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과는 전통적인 염려 중심적 모형의 설명력에 의문을 제시하며, 사용자의 프라이버시 정보 제공의도를 설명하기 위하 여 위험 중심적 모형을 고려할 필요가 있다는 점을 시사한다.

With widespread use of information technologies, information privacy issues have been gaining more attention by not only the public but also researchers. The number of studies on the issues has been increasing exponentially, which makes incomprehensible the whole picture of research outcome. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a systematic examination of past research. This study developed two competing models with four essential constructs in information privacy research and empirically tested the models with data obtained from previous studies. This study employed a quantitative meta-analysis method called TSSEM. It is one of MASEM methods in which structural equation modeling and meta-analysis are integrated. The analysis results indicated that risk-centric model exhibited much better model fits than those of concern-centric model. This study implies that traditional concern-centric model should be questioned it’s explanatory power of the model and researchers may consider alternative risk-centric model to explain user’s intention to provide privacy information.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the effect of contingent and permanent employees in Korea on the job satisfaction through meta-analysis. A total of 230 effect size cases were extracted from a total 95 articles and thesis selected for the final selection. The conclusions as a result of analysis were as follows. First, the study on the job satisfaction of contingent and permanent employees in Korea was the most performed in job of health, medical, food and service. Second, contingent employees have lower job satisfaction than permanent employees, and the difference was moderate. In the previous research, there were different results about the job satisfaction of contingent and permanent employees. As a result, the job satisfaction of contingent employees was lower than permanent employees and the difference was normal. Third, job satisfaction of contingent employees was much lower than that of permanent employees in financial, insurance, food and service - related jobs. On the other hand, job satisfaction of contingent employees was higher in health and medical care, social welfare and religion - related jobs. Fourth, contingent employees were less satisfied with wages, promotion, working environment, human relations, and work than permanent employees. The difference of wage and promotion satisfaction was nomal and satisfaction of human relations was low.

The objective of this study was to identify the key themes and topics addressed in recent research on AI-assisted writing tools in English education. Additionally, the study aimed to examine the research methods and participant groups commonly used in the selected studies, explore the reported pedagogical benefits and challenges, and consider the implications of the findings for language teachers, curriculum designers, and policymakers. To collect data, journal articles were retrieved from the Research Information Service System(RISS), and a total of 16 articles were selected through a multi-stage screening process. The data were analyzed using constant comparison, thematic analysis, and inter-coder reliability to ensure the trustworthiness of the findings. Through this process, five key themes emerged. In terms of pedagogical impact, the findings highlight several benefits, including improvements in grammar, vocabulary, coherence, and overall writing quality—particularly among students who received AI-generated feedback. However, a major challenge identified is the risk of overreliance on AI, which may hinder the development of students’ independent writing and critical thinking skills. The study concludes with a discussion of implications for educational practice and policy, as well as the limitations of the current research.

목적: 본 연구는 메타 분석을 통한 아로마테라피 요법이 심리건강에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 그 중요성을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 방 법: 본 연구는 2015년부터 2022년 최근까지 8년간에 걸쳐 아로마테라피가 심리 건강에 미치는 국내 학위논문과 학술지 논문을 대 상으로 메타 분석을 진행하여 효과를 검증하였다. 편향의 위험은 Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)의 가로 단면 연구 평가 도구를 사용 하여 평가되었다. 포함기준을 충족하는 연구에 대해 양적 분석이 수행되었고, R4.2.1을 이용하여 가능한 데이터를 가진 연구에 대 한 메타분석이 수행되었다. 결과: 시스템평가에는 총 28개의 연구가 포함되었으며, 메타분석에는 총 17편의 논문이 포함되었다. 아 로마테라피는 스트레스를 효과적으로 완화시킬 수 있으며(SMD=0.67, p<0.01), 우울완화 효과(SMD=0.36, p=0.04), 불안 감소효 과(SMD=0.22, p<0.01)에도 영향을 미쳤으며, 심리건강 면에서도 유의적 차이가 입증되었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해, 아로마테라피 는 스트레스, 우울, 불안을 완화하는데 효과적 이었으나 정신적 웰빙 부분은 더 많은 후속 연구가 필요하다고 판단다된.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the impact of aromatherapy on mental health by meta-analysis and highlight its significance. Methods: A meta-analysis of domestic theses and academic papers was conducted for examining the impact of aromatherapy on mental health over a period of eight years period from 2015 to 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the cross-sectional study assessment tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute. Quantitative analyses were conducted on the studies that met the inclusion criteria, and a meta-analysis was performed on those with available data using R (R ver. 4.2.1) software. Results: A total of 28 studies were included in the system evaluation, and 17 articles were included in the metaanalysis. Aromatherapy was found to be effective in alleviating stress (SMD=0.67, p <0.01), reducing depression (SMD=0.36, p =0.04), and decreasing anxiety (SMD=0.22, p <0.01). There lies difference between the aromatherapy and control group regarding mental health. Conclusion: This study confirms the effectiveness of aromatherapy in alleviating stress, depression, and anxiety. However, further studies are necessary to verify its beneficial effects on overall mental well-being.

目的: 本研究通过荟萃分析(meta analysis)探讨芳香疗法对心理健康的影响，证明芳香疗法对心理健康的重要 性。方法: 本研究对2015年至2022年8年间有关芳香疗法对心理健康影响的国内论文和期刊文章进行了荟萃分 析。偏倚风险使用Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)的横断面研究评估工具进行评估。对符合我们包含标准的研究 进行了定量分析，并使用R4.2.1软件对拥有可用数据的研究进行了元分析。结果: 系统评估中包含了总共28项研 究，元分析中包含了17篇论文。芳香疗法被发现能有效缓解压力（SMD=0.67，p <0.01），对缓解抑郁也有效果 （SMD=0.36, p =0.04），并且还可以减少焦虑（SMD=0.22，p <0.01）。在心理健康方面，芳香疗法组和对照 组之间存在差异。结论: 通过本研究，发现芳香疗法在缓解压力、抑郁和焦虑方面有效。然而，需要进一步验证 其对心理健康的有益效果。

Metabolic syndrome is a collection of health-related conditions that lead to serious health condition. An individual with metabolic syndrome may acquire greater risk for adult-onset complications such as cardio-vascular or neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to review and provide the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Gulf Cooperation Council countries (GCC). Literature searches were performed on PubMed, Google scholar, and Web of Science Core Collection for English-lan-guage articles along with national studies. The following search terms were used during search: “prevalence of metabolic syndrome in GCC,” “prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle east,” “prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Arab,” and “prevalence of metabolic syndrome name of country.” Thirty-seven studies were selected for final review out of 132 studies. The weighted pooled prevalence of metabolic syn-drome was 27.3% with high heterogeneity (I 2=98.94%; Cochran Q-test P<0.01). The results showed comparatively high and rising rate of met-abolic syndrome in the GCC area. Preventative strategy should be con-sidered to reduce the risk of morbidity or mortality related to metabolic syndrome.

본 연구는 대학생을 대상으로 수행된 스마트폰 중독 중재들의 효과를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 선정기준에 는 대학생, 스마트폰 중독 중재, 스마트폰 중독, 우울, 불안, 자기 통제, 스마트폰 사용시간 등이 포함되었다. 총 915개 의 논문이 추출되었고, 최종적으로 13개의 논문에서 15개의 중재연구가 평가되었다. 본 연구결과, 스마트폰 중독 중재 는 스마트폰 중독(d = -1.57, 95 % CI : -2.84, -0.30), 우울(d = -3.73, 95 % CI : -4.97, -2.48) 및 자기통제(d = 7.28, 95 % CI : 2.76, 11.79)에서 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 그러나 불안과 스마트폰 사용 시간에 대해서는 통계적으로 유의한 효과가 없었다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 스마트폰 중독 중재는 스마트폰 중독 완화를 위해 사용될 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 추후 대상자의 문화적 특성 등을 고려한 잘 설계된 무작위대조군실험연구가 수행되어야 할 것이다.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of smartphone addiction interventions among university students. Selection criteria included university students, smartphone addiction interventions, smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, self-control and time of smartphone usage. A total of 915 articles were retrieved. From those, 15 studies from 13 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis showed that smartphone addiction interventions undergone by university students had statistical significance in alleviating smartphone addiction (d=-1.57, 95% CI:-2.84, -0.30), depression (d=-3.73, 95% CI:-4.97, -2.48), and self-control (d=7.28, 95% CI:2.76, 11.79); but were not significantly effective in improving anxiety and reducing time of smartphone usage. The systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that smartphone addiction interventions boost the alleviation of smartphone addiction. However, it remains necessary to conduct well-designed randomized controlled trials, including the consideration of various cultural characteristics.

We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review with a meta-analy-sis to investigate whether virtual reality (VR) approaches have benefi-cial effects on the upper extremity function and independent activities of stroke survivors. Experimental studies published between 2007 and 2017 were searched from two databases (EBSCOhost and PubMed). This study reviewed abstracts and assessed full articles to obtain evi-dence on qualitative studies. For the meta-analysis, the studies that es-timated the standardized mean between the two groups analyzed the statistical values necessary for calculating the effect size. The present study also evaluated the statistical heterogeneity. In total, 34 studies with 1,604 participants were included, and the number of participants in each study ranged from 10 to 376. Nine studies were assessed to evalu-ate the quantitative statistical analysis for 698 patients with hemiparetic stroke. The results of the meta-analysis were as follows: The overall ef-fect size was moderate (0.41, P<0.001). The 95% confidence interval ranged from 0.25 to 0.57. However, no significant heterogeneity and publication bias were observed. The results of this study showed that VR approaches are effective in improving upper extremity function and independent activities in stroke survivors.

Pelvic pain is a multifactorial condition commonly associated with pelvic floor dysfunction. This meta-analytic systematic review assessed the efficacy of pelvic floor muscle exercises (PFME), with or without ultrasound imaging (USI) and/or biofeedback, in adults experiencing pelvic pain. Comprehensive literature searches of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PEDro, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases from January 1990 to December 2024 identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes related to pain and/or pelvic floor structural and functional measures. Methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses, expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% CI, demonstrated significant reductions in pain (SMD −1.25 to −1.30) and substantial improvements in morphometric indices (SMD 0.95 to 1.50), alongside enhancements in muscle strength, bladder base displacement, and quality of life (QOL). Studies incorporating USI indicated improved motor control and adherence, suggesting a potential additive benefit of image- guided feedback. Overall, PFME represents an effective, non-invasive intervention for pelvic pain, yielding improvements in both structural and functional outcomes. Future research should focus on standardizing treatment protocols, extending follow-up durations, and elucidating underlying mechanisms to optimize dosing and identify patient subgroups most likely to benefit.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance exercise programs on older adults’ physical and psychological health indicators. Twelve randomized controlled trials published in Korean be-tween January 2000 and July 2024 were included in this meta-analysis. The subjects in the selected studies were all aged 65 and over. The in-tervention group performed resistance exercise, and the control group did not engage in structured exercise programs. The resistance exer-cise programs were implemented for an average of 8–12 weeks, 2–3 sessions per week, with each session lasting 40–70 min. Effect sizes were calculated using standardized mean differences, and statistical analysis was conducted using R software. The results revealed that re-sistance exercise significantly improved various fall-related physical outcomes, including grip strength, flexibility, static and dynamic balance, lower body strength, and coordination. Also, fall efficacy was signifi-cantly increased. However, there was no statistically significant change in skeletal muscle mass and body fat percentage. These findings sug-gest that resistance exercise is an effective intervention for improving physical function and psychological stability in older adults.

Objective: Limited evidence exists concerning whether combined pharmacotherapy is more effective than monotherapy for increased smoking abstinence and post-cessation weight gain prevention. This research investigated the effect of combined pharmacotherapy on smoking abstinence and post-cessation weight change. Methods: A meta-analytic review of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) published between January 1990 and July 2016 was conducted across PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Aggregate fixed effects were estimated for continuous abstinence and mean post-cessation weight change. Keyword search terms included: “smoking cessation,” “naltrexone”, “varenicline”, and “bupropion”. Results: Eight RCTs with 2,513 participants were included. Aggregate fixed effect estimates revealed an increase in continuous smoking abstinence (OR = 1.81, p < .001) and mean decrease in post-cessation weight change (-.15 kg, p = .001). Decreased weight change was observed at 6-8 weeks follow-up (-.14 kg, p = .02). Increased mean weight change was observed among varenicline plus nicotine patch abstainers (.21 kg, p = .01), whereas bupropion plus NRT pharmacotherapies showed decreased mean weight change (-.15 kg, p = .01). Conclusion: Combination pharmacotherapy generates increased smoking abstinence and small short-term post-cessation weight change among abstainers, particularly among bupropion plus NRT when compared against varenicline plus nicotine patch.

The purpose of this review was to analysis the effects of treadmill train-ing on gait function in children with cerebral palsy. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Central Regis-ter of Controlled Trials, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Investigating the effects of treadmill training on gait endurance, gait speed, limb support time, cadence, and step length in children with cerebral palsy. Similar out-comes were pooled by calculating the standardized mean difference. Of the eight studies, 179 participants were included. The average PEDro score was 6.25/10. The results of the sensitivity test for bias evaluation using the duval and tweedie’s trim and fill method showed low publica-tion bias. The test regarding the effect of treadmill training on overall gait function yielded a moderate effect size of 0.53, which was a statisti-cally significant effect as its confidence interval did not include. The overall effect size of gait endurance was 0.85. The overall effect size of gait speed and limb support time were 0.52 and 0.73. The overall effect size of cadence and step length were 0.14 and 0.21, indicating a nonsig-nificant improvement. These findings suggested that treadmill training on cerebral palsy was effective for gait endurance, gait speed and limb support time than cadence and step length.

Background: Rare digestive system cancers, including cholangiocarcinoma and other low-incidence malignancies, have limited treatment options and often harbor alterations in the RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway. MEK inhibitors have shown preclinical activity, but clinical efficacy remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the therapeutic impact of MEK inhibitors in rare digestive cancers. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials. gov were searched for randomized phase II or III trials investigating MEK inhibitors in rare cancers. Data extraction and riskof- bias assessment were performed independently by two reviewers. Pooled odds ratios (OR) were calculated using randomor fixed-effects models depending on heterogeneity. Results: Total of 522 records screened, four phase II trials (n=210) met inclusion criteria, evaluating selumetinib, trametinib, and cobimetinib. MEK inhibitor therapy did not improve ORR compared with control (OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.35-2.48; I2=0%). No complete responses were reported. Most studies demonstrated high performance and detection bias due to open-label design, and overall certainty of evidence was rated low. Conclusions: MEK inhibitors showed limited clinical activity in rare digestive system cancers and the current evidence remains insufficient to confirm their efficacy as either monotherapy or in combination therapy. Future trials should incorporate biomarker-selected populations and rational combination strategies to overcome pathway resistance.

Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT/mCIMT) and task-oriented training (TOT) represent prominent interventions for upper-limb rehabilitation following stroke; however, their relative efficacy and consistency across outcome measures remain subjects of ongoing debate. This study aimed to synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CIMT and TOT for upper-extremity recovery post-stroke and to quantify pooled effects on validated impairment and activity assessments. Fourteen peer-reviewed RCTs published between 1990 and 2025 (seven investigating CIMT/mCIMT and seven investigating TOT) involving adult stroke survivors and providing sufficient data for meta-analysis were included. Adhering to a pre-specified protocol consistent with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, two independent reviewers conducted study screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment using the RoB 2 tool. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to estimate pooled effect sizes; heterogeneity was evaluated using the I² statistic, and funnel plots were examined when the number of studies per outcome permitted. Primary outcomes synthesized included the MAL–Quality of Movement (MAL-QOM; mean difference [MD]), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT; standardized mean difference [SMD], Hedges’ g, based on change scores), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE; SMD, Hedges’ g). Across four studies, MAL-QOM scores favored experimental interventions, predominantly CIMT variants, with a pooled MD of 0.68 (95% CI, 0.39 to 0.97; I² = 71%), indicating moderate but variable improvements in perceived real-world arm use. For ARAT (k = 3), pooled effects favored experimental treatments with an SMD of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.58 to 1.31; I² = 0%), and for FMA-UE (k = 2), the pooled SMD was 1.47 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.97; I² = 0%), demonstrating robust enhancements in activity and impairment, respectively. The overall risk of bias was low to moderate, with masked outcome assessment commonly employed. Tests for publication bias were underpowered due to the limited number of studies (k < 10). These findings support the efficacy of intensive, task-specific upper-limb rehabilitation post-stroke. CIMT/mCIMT exhibited the most consistent benefits across impairment and activity outcomes, whereas TOT demonstrated advantages that appeared contingent upon intervention dose, fidelity of implementation, and task relevance. Clinically, rehabilitation programs that provide sufficient, progressive, and meaningful practice (utilizing CIMT when feasible and dose-matched TOT when restraint is impractical) are most likely to yield clinically significant improvements.

본 연구의 목적은 지금까지 다양하게 수행되어 온 공공기관 경영평가제도에 대한 연구 결과들을 대상으로 내용분석방법을 적용하여 메타분석을 실시하고 경영평가제도의 문제 점과 개선방안에 대한 시사점을 도출하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2014년부터 2018년까지 5개 년 동안의 경영평가제도와 관련된 연구보고서와 연구논문들을 수집하였고 데이터마이닝 과정을 거쳐 핵심 주제어를 도출하고 그 연결중심성과 클러스터를 확인하였다. 분석결과, 첫째 공공기관 경영평가제도의 가장 핵심적인 문제점은 지표선정상의 문제이며, 경영평 가결과가 공공기관을 서열화하는 수단으로 작용할 수 있고 경영평가가 공공기관이 지니 고 있는 자율성을 침해하고 있으며, 단기적인 성과에 치우치는 경영을 할 수 밖에 없는 구조를 양산할 수 있다는 점이다. 둘째, 공공기관 경영평가제도의 개선방안에서 가장 우 선적으로 고려되어야 하는 것은 공공성을 측정할 수 있는 평가 지표 반영과 평가주기의 다변화였다.

The purpose of this study is to conduct a meta - analysis on the results of the study on the public institution management evaluation system and to draw some implications for the problem and improvement plan of the management evaluation system. The results of the analysis show that the most important problem of the management evaluation system of public institution is the problem of selection of indicators and the result of management evaluation can serve as a means of sequencing public institutions. In addition, management evaluation infringes the autonomy of public institutions, and it is possible to mass-produce structures that are forced to perform management that is biased toward short-term results. Second, the most important consideration in the improvement plan of the public institution management evaluation system is to reflect the evaluation indicators that can measure publicness and to diversify the evaluation cycle.

본 연구의 목적은 방송연구에서 지역성 동향을 살펴보는 데 있다. 지역성 연구의 목 적, 주제, 방법, 그리고 대상 등을 제시한 후 지역성 연구의 활성화 방안을 중심으로 고 찰했다. 분석대상은 2010년부터 2021년 말까지 한국연구재단(KCI) 등재 학술지에 게재 된 107편의 학술논문이다. 연구 결과, 지역성 연구의 연구목적은 대부분 실태분석 연구 였고, 연구주제는 프로그램적 지역성, 지리·공간적 지역성, 상호작용적 지역성 연구 순 이었다. 연구방법은 질적연구가 양적연구를 다소 앞서고 있었고, 연구대상은 지역지상 파방송에 편중된 가운데 케이블TV와 지역라디오 연구는 상대적으로 부족했다. 이를 통 해 지역성 연구가 정책 수립자나 방송 실무에 도움을 주는 정보제공을 목적으로 다양한 연구주제와 대상, 방법론적 강화가 필요함을 알 수 있었다. 방송의 지역성 강화를 위해 서는 광역화 시도, 뉴미디어 플랫폼 진출 기반 조성, 지역채널의 기능과 역할 확대, 방송사와 지역공동체와의 파트너십, 지역사회 공유자원의 활용, 콘텐츠 제작을 통한 지역 성 강화, 자체 제작역량 강화, 보도 저널리즘의 실현 등의 노력은 물론 이를 위한 정책의 개선과 보완이 이뤄져야 한다. 본 연구는 방송의 탈공간적 환경변화와 불확실성의 시대에서 지역성 개념을 정리하여 방송학 분야에 접목했다는 데에 연구의 의미와 가치가 있다.

The purpose of this study is to explore localism trends in broadcasting research. After presenting the purpose, subject, method, and object of localism studies, it considered focusing on the revitalization plan of localism studies. The analysis target is 107 academic papers published in Korea Research Foundation (KCI)-registered journals in 2010-2021. The results of the study show that most of the research objectives in the localism studies were actual condition analysis studies and the research topics were in the order of programmatic localism, geo-spatial localism, and interactive localism studies; meanwhile, the research subjects focused on local terrestrial broadcasting, cable TV, and local radio research were relatively insufficient. Through this, it was found that localism research needs to strengthen various research topics, targets, and methodologies to provide information that can help policymakers or broadcasting practices. To strengthen the localism of broadcasting, policies should be improved and supplemented and there should be efforts such as wide-area attempts, foundations for entering new media platforms, expansion of the functions and roles of local channels, partnerships with local communities, use of community-sharing resources, and content production. This study is meaningful and valuable in that it summarized the concept of localism in the era of post-spatial environmental change and uncertainty of broadcasting and applied it to the field of broadcasting.