Earticle

본 논문의 목적은 군 정비 프로세스를 평가하기 위해 장비 운용가용도를 핵심 성과지표로 한 평가 모형을 구축하고, 정비 프로세스 향상에 미치는 영향요인을 파악하는 것이다. 군의 전투준비태세 완비 여부는 장비 운용가용도와 직결되기 때문에 목표 운용가용도를 유지하기 위한 효율적인 정비활동이 요구된다. 따라서 장비 운용개념, 정비 및 수리부속 정책, 장비 운용가용도의 직접적 원인이 되는 장비 불가동시간을 복합적으로 고려하여 일반화된 정비 프로세스를 모델링하였다. 또한, 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 일반화된 정비 프로세스에 대한 평가 모형을 구축한 후, 운용가용도를 측정하고 운용가용도 변화의 영향요인을 분석하였다. 본 연구는 정비 프로세스를 일반화하고 평가 모형을 구축함으로써, 이를 기반으로 정비 프로세스 향상 방안을 도출할 수 있다는데 의의가 있다.

The purposes of this study are twofold: to construct a generalized model for assessing the operational availability and the target availability achievement rate of military maintenance processes, and to identify the major factors affecting the operational availability of maintenance processes. Downtime has a direct impact on operational availability. Downtime is divided into three categories: ADT (Administrative Delay Time), LDT (Logistics Delay Time), and maintenance time due to the maintenance capability restrictions. Based on the analyses of such downtimes and maintenance policies and regulations, this paper proposes a maintenance process model from bases to depots. For the assessment of maintenance processes, a simulation method is adopted. In the empirical study, a UH-60 helicopter was chosen because it is operated in every military service. Using such simulation model, sensitivity analysis was performed on the operational availability depending on the changes in the maintenance factors: capability, spare parts stock levels, order period, and transport time. The operational availability changes depending on the aforementioned factors. In this study, the major factors influencing the improvement of the operational availability were identified, and the maintenance capability was determined to be the most important of such factors. Maintenance systems vary depending on the military service and weapon system. The results of this study can be applied to weapon systems to identify the factors that restrict the improvement of the operational availability.

The United States has been classified as an individualistic culture where the emphasis of a romantic relationship is on romantic excitement, open communication, and egalitarianism. The Republic of Korea (hereafter Korea) has been described as a collectivistic culture where the emphasis is rather on harmony, implicit communication, and a hierarchical relationship (Gudykunst & Matsumoto, 1996). Korean married couples today, however, are in a unique situation where traditional collectivistic values and modern individualistic values dynamically coexist and conflict. Some studies attempted to address the relational maintenance phenomenon in Korea, but were unable to provide a meaningful examination of Korean relational maintenance by relying on Western-inspired measures and overlooking various cultural aspects of modern Korea. Recent studies conducted in Korea suggest that while Korean married couples highly regard individualistic values such as open communication and similarities in personality, they still tend to prioritize parenting issues over couple issues and concern about proper relational hierarchy. As these kinds of changes and confusions occur at different paces between husbands and wives, and also through generations, the marital maintenance phenomenon among Korean married couples becomes more unique and complex. Clinical implications and directions for future research based on these findings were discussed.

There are an abundance of studies on examining the pre-adoption use and impact of information technology on organizations. In recent years, post adoption studies that relate to technology usage after it has been adopted, have started to appear in various research outlets but its scope remains limited. A great majority of these studies examined the post adoption related issues from technical perspective. This paper is an attempt to draw more attention to post adoption stage from a management perspective, and to define and present an initial set of factors that are likely to be involved in achieving business process innovation at the post adoption stage. In this paper, we present and explain antecedents of business process innovation having its basis in innovation dynamics literature. In sum, academics and practitioner contributions and implications by this research is also highlighted.

본 연구의 목적은 기혼자를 대상으로 결혼유지 및 이혼결정 과정을 이해하는데 있다. 이를 위하여 본 연구자는 247명의 기혼경험자 중 결혼유지집단 200명, 이혼결정집단 47명, 총 247명에게 반구조화 된 설문지를 기록하도록 하였으며, 합의적 질적분석 방법(Consensual Qualitative Research: CQR)과 범주화를 통해 최종 결과를 도출하였다. 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부부의 갈등원인은 결혼유지집단과 이혼결정집단에서 배우자의 무책임한 태도, 문제행동, 부모에 대한 태도가 공통적으로 나타났으며, 원가족으로 부터 분리되지 못한 모습이 갈등원인으로 나타났다. 두 집단의 차이점은 상대배우자에 대한 이해 부족, 원가족으로 인한 갈등이 있었다. 둘째, 친밀도에서는 두 집단 모두 60점～40점대를 20%로 유지하고 있었다. 그러나 결혼유지집단에서는 100～61점이 59%, 이혼결정집단에서는 40～0점이 51%로 나타났다. 셋째, 갈등대처방식에서 결혼유지집단에서는 주로 노력형과 회피형이, 이혼결정집단에서는 회피형과 공격형이 주 갈등대처방식으로 나타났다. 넷째, 이혼인식에서 결혼유지집단에서는 이혼한 사람들을 문제성 있는 사람으로 보는 등 부정적 시간을 보였으나 이혼결정 집단에서는 이혼한 사람들을 이해하고 지지하는 것으로 나타났다. 다섯째, 기혼자들의 결혼유지요인과 이혼결정요인에 대해서 살펴보았다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 논의 및 후속 연구에 대한 제언과 시사점을 제시하였다.

The purpose of this research is understanding the process of marital maintenance and divorce decision. 247 married persons -200 from marriage maintenance group and 47 from divorce decision group- wrote experiences and thoughts on semi-structured questionnaires. The results are as follows, using the consensual qualitative analysis and the categorization method. First, the reasons for the conflict in both groups were irresponsible attitude, problematic behavior, and attitude toward the parents of the spouse. The other reason was that the spouse was not separated from the family of origin. Differences were marital maintenance group’s lack of understanding spouses or conflict due to the family of origin. Second, in intimacy, 20 % of both groups showed 60 to 40 points. 59 % of marital maintenance group showed 100 to 61 points while 51 % of divorce decision group 40 to 0. Third, in the conflict-coping methods, marital maintenance group showed efforts-type and avoiding-type whereas divorce decision group avoiding-type or attack-type. Forth, in divorce recognition, marital maintenance persons saw the divorced problematic or divorce useless while divorce decision group showed understanding and supports. Fifth, researchers examined the marital maintenance and divorce decision factors. From those, discussion and suggestion for the follow-up research were presented.

초가속수명시험(HALT:Highly Accelerated Life Test)은 온도변화와 진동을 통해 부품초기 고 장을 빠르게 찾아 개선함으로써 제품의 신뢰성을 향상시킨다. 이에 따라 기업들은 초가속수명시 험에 집중하게 되었고 장비의 수요와 가동률이 증가하고 있다. 그러나 초가속수명시험 장비는 대부분 해외 장비에 의존하고 있어 고장이 발생한 경우 유지보수에 대한 비용이 높고 보전까지 의 시간 또한 길다. 뿐만 아니라 장비에 대한 적절한 보전절차가 없어 비용과 시간의 손실이 발 생되는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 국산화 개발중인 초가속수명시험 장비에 고장유형과 원인에 따른 계획보전 활 동을 진행 할 수 있도록, FMEA(Failure Modes and Effects Analysis)를 사용하여 계획보전절 차를 제시하였다.

In this paper, we study structural changes and performance gains in condition-based maintenance process redesign when mobile IoT technology is embedded into urban railway rolling stock. We first develop condition-based maintenance To-Be process model in accordance with the IoT deployment scheme. Secondly, we draw upon theoretical framework of redesign process analysis to develop performance evaluation method suitable to predictive maintenance shift from As-Is ordinary maintenance practice. Subsequently, To-Be process performance evaluations are conducted adopting both the quantitative and qualitative method for time, cost, and dependability dimensions. The results ascertain the considerable benefits captured through detection abnormality prior to actual rolling stock failure occurrence, and details of performance improvements and enhancement of standardization level is revealed. The procedures and results presented in this paper offers useful insights in the fields of IoT economic analysis, condition based maintenance, and business process redesign.

본 연구에서는 6개월 내에 치료 및 상담 등 전문적 서비스를 받지 않은 채 도박중독 문제 수준이 감소한 자발적 회복집단을 대상으로 6개월 이후에도 회복된 상태를 유지하고 있는 회복 유지집단과 도박중독 문제 수준이 다시 심화된 재발집단을 분류하여 생물, 심리, 사회·문화적 관점에서 회복 상태를 유지하는데 긍정적 영향을 미치는 요인과 재발을 촉발하는 요인을 탐색하고자 하였다. 연구 참여자들은 6개월 간격으로 세 시점에 걸쳐 온라인 조사에 참여하였으며 최종적으로 성인 온라인 패널 224명(회복 유지집단: 154명, 재발집단: 70명)의 자료가 분석되었다. 생물학적 요인을 탐색하기 위해 성별과 집단의 교차 분석을 실시하였으며, 생물학적, 심리적 및 사회·문화적 요인을 탐색하기 위해 시점을 집단 내 변인으로, 회복 상태의 지속 여부를 집단 간 변인으로, 생물학적, 심리적 및 사회·문화적 요인을 종속변인으로 하여 혼합변량분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 여성은 회복 유지의 가능성이 높은 반면 남성은 재발 가능성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 회복 유지집단은 재발집단에 비해 비합리적 도박신념이 유의하게 감소하고 도박에 대한 태도가 부정적으로 변화한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 회복 유지집단은 재발집단에 비해 도박을 이용할 수 있는 경제력과 시간 및 기회의 가용성이 낮고 도박에 대한 지인의 수용적 태도가 낮은 것을 확인하였다. 끝으로 논의에서는 생물학적, 심리적 및 사회·문화적 관점에서 회복 유지요인 및 재발요인을 도박중독 문제의 예방 및 치료에 어떻게 적용할 수 있을지 제시하였다.

The purpose of this study was to seek the factors of the positive effects on the maintaining recovered condition and the factors of promoting relapse in terms of the biological, psychological, social-cultural perspective by classifying the natural recovery maintenance group maintaining the recovered condition and the relapse group which deepened the level of the gambling problem again after six months for the recovered group that had reduced levels of gambling problems without receiving treatment and counseling services within six months. The participants in the study engaged in the online survey for three times at six-month intervals and, finally, the data of 224 adult online panels (the recovery maintenance group: 154 persons, the relapse group: 70 persons) was analyzed. The chi-squared test of the gender and the groups was conducted to search for the biological factor, and the mixed anova was conducted to determine if the recovered condition continued is for variable between the groups, time is for variable in the groups, and psychological and social-cultural factors are for the dependent variable to search psychological and social-cultural factors. The result of the analysis showed that females are more likely benefit from to recovery maintenance while males are more likely to relapse. Additionally, it was found that irrational gambling beliefs significantly decreased and the attitude toward gambling changed negatively in the recovery maintenance group in comparison with the relapse group. And, it was confirmed that the recovery maintenance group had low economic power, time, and opportunity to use gambling, and that the receptive attitude of acquaintances regarding gambling was low in comparison with the relapse group. Finally, in this study, it suggested how the recovery maintenance factors and the relapse factors could be applied to the prevention and treatment of gambling addiction problems from a biological, psychological, and social-cultural perspective.

This paper suggests a specific model that could efficiently improve the interaction and the interface between MES(Manufacturing Execution System) server and POP(Point of Production) terminal through electronic document server and electronic pen, bluetooth receiver and form paper in disassembly and process inspection works. The proposed model shows that the new method by electronic document automation system can more efficiently perform to reduce processing time for maintenance work, compared with the current approach by handwritten processing system. It is noted in case of the method by electronic document automation system that the effects of proposed model are as follows; (a) While the processing time per equipment for maintenance by the current method was 300 minutes, the processing time by the new method was 50 minutes. (b) While the processing error ratio by the current method was 20%, the error ratio by the new method was 1%.

Until now, we haven't had a confident decision making system for priority of the pavement maintenance though the procedure of PMS is about 15% of total road maintenance procedure. So, the budget for road maintenance have inefficiently allocated to road maintenance projects regardless of priority without scientific analysis or reasonal decision making system. Also, we couldn't well consider qualitative indexes even though these kinds of factors affect on the feasibility of road maintenance projects. In this study, we suggested a level structure and criteria that can be adopted for the appraisal of urban road maintenance projects. Also, the results of characteristics of preference indicates that present situation of pavement road is considered as the most important factor getting weighted value of 0.452 as we expected. But the affection factors to destruction and policy factors are also considered as a important factors. It means that we need to establish a model to support priority appraisal. Also, there are no statistical difference of weighted value among factors by specialists.

모든 장비는 지속적인 사용에 의해 공정의 생산성과 경제성은 감소한다. 그러므로 일정 시점에서는 공정평 균이동 문제라는 설비에 대한 예방보전이 필요하다. 설비의 보전시기를 결정함에 있어, 우리는 기존 연구에서 부분 적으로 진행되어 온 보전모형들을 확장하고 통합함으로써 다양한 상황이 발생하는 생산 현장을 반영한 보전모형을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 구현하기 위해 제품규격은 상하한의 양쪽을 설정했으며, 적합품에 대해 품질손실함수를 도 입했다. 마모수준에 대한 공정분산은 상수가 아닌 함수로 설정했으며, 특히 제품생산량과 보전비용에 있어서는 마 모수준에 대한 함수를 개발하여 적용했다. 이로써 본 연구는 현장의 다양한 공정에 대부분 적용할 수 있는 보전모 형이 될 것으로 생각한다. 추후 연구에서는 보전모형을 구성하는 부적합비용, 품질손실비용, 보전비용에 더하여 제 품판매로 인한 수익 항목을 추가한 전체 수익 최대화 문제로 전개할 수 있을 것이며, 크게는 본 연구의 모형에 고장률을 도입한 보전모형으로의 확장도 생각해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

The problem of determining the maintenance point which minimizes the process-related total cost is called the ‘process mean shift problem’. By expanding and integrating the existing maintenance models that have been partially progressed, we present a expanded and integrated maintenance model which reflects the production site where various situations occur. To implement this, we set both the upper and lower limits of the product specification, and adopted the quality loss function for conforming items. Also, we set the process variance of the wear level as a function rather than a constant. In this study, we developed two general functions to the wear level. One is about the production volume and the other is maintenance cost. As a result, this study is expected to be a maintenance model that can be applied to various processes. In the future, this study can be developed as a profit maximization model by adding profit items from product sales, and expansion to a maintenance model that introduces failure to the model of this study can be considered.

사용후핵연료와 같은 고준위 방사성물질을 취급하는 핫셀 내에서 원격취급장치인 MSM의 작업영역을 벗어난 지역에 위치한 공정장치부품 유지보수공정을 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 대상 핫셀공정인 사용후핵연료 차세대관리공정에 대한 가상목업을 구축하였으며, 구축된 가상목업을 이용하여 MSM 작업영역 및 작업자 시각영역을 분석하고, 그래픽 가상목업의 충돌감지 기능을 이용한 서보 조종기의 경로계획을 수립하였다. 또한, 분석한 결과를 토대로, 서보조종기에 의한 사각지역 내 부품 유지보수 공정을 설정하였으며, 설정된 공정은 그래픽 전산모사를 통하여 검증하였다. 제안된 유지보수 공정은 실제 핫셀공정 수행시 유용하게 활용될 것이며, 그래픽 가상목업은 다양한 핫셀 공정에 대한 분석 및 작업자 훈련 시스템으로 활용하여, 작업 효율성 및 안전성 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

In this study, the maintenance process by the servo manipulator has been developed for the parts of the equipment, which we unable to reach out by the Master-Slave Manipulator(MSM) in a hot cell. To do this, a virtual mock-up is implemented using the iか prototyping technology. Using this mock-up, the workspace of the manipulators in the hot cell and the operator's view through the wall-mounted lead glass have been analyzed. In addition, the path planning of the servo manipulator using the collision detection function of the virtual mock-up has been established. From these, the maintenance process for the parts of the equipment, which are located at the outside of the MSM's workspace using the servo manipulator has been proposed and verified through the graphic simulation. It is revealed that the proposed remote maintenance process of the equipment can effectively be used in the real hot cell operation. It is also believed that the implemented virtual mock-up of the hot cell can effectively be applied in analyzing the various hot cell operation and enhancing the reliability and safety in a hot cell remote handling for the spent fuel management.

We measure and evaluate the service quality of auto repair service. Service is measured by stages of service process. We compare service process qualities of two competing firms using this measure. We investigate relationships among the service quality of auto repair center, customer loyalty toward auto maintenance center, and repurchase of automobile. We conducted an online survey and collected a sample of size 3,028.

인공지능과 많은 기술 부분이 자동화로 이루어지면서 4차 산업 혁명의 시대가 열렸다. Big Data 관련 산업이 성장하면서 반도체 산업 역시 폭발적인 수요와 함께 비약적 발전이 진행 중이다. 이러한 성장 속에 기술의 한계, 고도화, 수율, 생산속도, 생산량 등의 난제를 극복하지 못한 기업들은 반도체 생태계에서 도태되어 역사의 뒤안길로 사라져 왔으며, 현재에도 생존을 위한 초 단위 경쟁을 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 제품의 생산량과 생산속도를 향상하기 위한 예방 정비 (Preventive Maintenance, PM) 시간을 줄이기 위한 방법들을 연구하였다. 기존에 사용하는 개선 방법으로는 해결이 되지 않는 고착된 한계점 한계점에 도달하여, 문제해결 방법론 중 현재의 방식들이 아닌 난제 해결에 특화된 트리즈를 이용하여 해결하고자 하였다. 현재의 방법에 적응하여 개선점이 보이지 않는 고정관념에 사로잡힌 문제는 해결하기 매우 어렵다. 그러나 트리즈의 강력한 문제 해결 능력을 적용하면 이러한 문제도 창의적인 아이디어로 문제를 해결할 수 있다. 본 사례 또한 트리즈를 적용하여 문제를 해결하였다.

The era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution began as artificial intelligence and many technologies were automated. big data related industries are growing, and the semiconductor industry is also undergoing explosive demand and breakthrough development. Companies that have not overcome the challenges of growing technology limits, sophistication, yield, production rate, production volume, etc. have disappeared into history as they have been eliminated in the semiconductor ecosystem. Even now, there is fierce competition for survival. In the paper, we studied ways to reduce preventative maintenance (PM) time to improve product production and production speed. Fixed limits that are no longer solved by the existing improvement methods were grasped, and in the problem-solving methodology, they were solved using TRIZ, which specializes in solving difficult problems for which there is no current method. TRIZ's strong problem-solving ability is a problem-solving theory that can solve problems with creative ideas when applied to stereotyped problems that the present is the best. Its utility was proved by applying it to the actual field and solving many problems.

To be Low Carbon and Green Growth, it is necessary that Long-Life Housing based on Green Technology is supplied. The main concern at the moment is developing Sustainable Housing relative to Life-Cycle or Life-Style of the residents, and the resident of Remodeling or Redevelopment. This study is aim to be Development of Maintenance Process in order to make steady dwelling when supplying Long-Life Housing that separates Support(Skeleton) and Infill different from the existing Short-Life Housing, and has durability, alterability, available remodeling, easy maintenance. Long-Life Housing should consider the maintenance about movement and variableness. In contrast, the maintenance of the existing Housing is regular maintenance, change and repair by damage. As well as Long-Life Housing should be demanded proper Development of Maintenance Process because of difference of Housing in concept, design and Construction. Therefore, this study looks into problems when applying Development of Maintenance Process in Long-Life Housing, and shows Development of Maintenance Process about the efficient Long-Life Housing for the manager.

The paper begins with a simple question of “why do international rivalries persist over time?” To explain the causes of rivalry persistence, the paper develops “a modified two-level game approach” and tests the hypotheses drawn from the approach for the case of the 2nd Greco-Turkish rivalry, 1958-2001. The approach postulates that the rivalry maintenance is the result of rival leaders’ efforts to maximize their interest -i.e., staying in power- subject to external constraint-i.e., great power interventions- and internal constraint -i.e., the challenges from hard-line veto groups. By applying this approach to the 2nd Greco-Turkish rivalry, the paper finds that the leaders of the rivalry maintained their hostile relations partly because the U.S. prevented the leaders from resolving the issues under contention on the battlefields by intervening in the two rivals’ military conflict with a threat to stop providing both military and political support and partly because the hard-line veto players within the rivals prevented the leaders from resolving the issues at the negotiation table by hinting of electoral punishment. Under these circumstances, the leaders of the Greco-Turkish rivalry found that maintaining the rivalry would best serve their interest. The findings offer a contribution toward an enhanced understanding of the maintenance process in international rivalries.

Together with the trend of enhancement in domestic industrial development and economic progress due to import and export, the demand for construction of the roads, bridges, especially port facilities, and several coastal protection and ocean structures is increasing rapidly. MOMAF of Korean Government is driving construction of 9 new ports and renovation of the existing fishery ports. Among these structures most of bridge base, wharves, dolphins, quays, and jetties are being newly built of steel or concrete pile. As the base, supporting bulkheads, and piles are underwater after construction, it is difficult to figure out the status of structures and not enough to get maintenance and strengthen the structures. Every year, moreover, these works suck the government budget due to higher incomplete maintenance expense for protection from corrosions of structures and increased underwater construction period. for the purpose of cutting down the government budget, it is necessary to extend the life cycle of the existing structures. We developed a new method for maintenance of submerged structures near the waterline by allowing dry work environment with the floating caisson. The method shows easy to move around the working area and handle. It also showed not only a significant reduction of maintenance expenses and time for anti-corrosion work but also better protection. This will be a milestone to reduce the maintenance and construction expenses for the shore and water structures.

공동주택 유지관리 업무를 효율적으로 진행하기 위해서는 사후보전인 유지관리업무에서 벗어나 예방 차원의 관리체계로의 전환이 요구된다. 이를 위해서는 시설물의 점검 진단 교체 등의 일련의 작업을 시스템화 하는 것이 필요하며, 이보다 앞서 유지관리 업무의 표준화가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현행 공공임대주택 유지관리 업무의 문제점을 분석하고 체계적인 관리를 위해서 전문가와의 1:1면담을 통해 입주자, 관리사무소, 본사의 업무체계로 구분하고 BPMN(Business Process Modeling Notation) 방식을 이용하여 일반관리 시설물관리 수선 및 보수 장기수선 업무 프로세스로 구분하여 제시하였다. 본 연구에서 제시한 표준업무체계는 공동주택 관리 시 업무의 효율성 제고를 통해 생산성 향상을 도모하고 지속적인 데이터 관리를 기반으로 공정성 및 투명성을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 또한 공동주택 유지관리 비용 및 진단조치 관리를 위한 시스템 개발 시 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 향후 더욱 더 객관적이고 표준화된 업무체계를 제시하기 위해서는 현장적용 후 입주자, 관리사무소, 본사 의견 및 업무 흐름에 따라 생산성 데이터 분석을 통해 추가적인 개선작업이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

It is critical to effectively change the measures of prevention from the breakdown maintenance proceeding an apartment housing maintenance task scope. It is necessary that systematization be performed for a series of tasks, such as facility inspection, diagnosis and replacement. In addition, it is preceded by establishing a standardization for maintenance work scope. Therefore, this study examined the problems related to public rental housing maintenance work scope to manage it more systematically. In addition, the study suggests a work process section for facility repairs, long term replacement and general maintenance using one on one interviews with experts to classify the occupants, management office and head office. This study's standard work system is expected to provide fairness and transparency in addition to improving the productivity in public rental housing maintenance via an efficiency promotion plan. In addition, it is used as the basic reference for developing a system of public rental housing maintenance costs and diagnosis actions. Finally, it is necessary to create improvements that provide a more objective work system standardization throughout the analysis of the productivity data according to the work flow and the review of the occupants, management office and head office in the future applications of the pilot site.