Earticle

본 연구는 종단적 자료를 기반으로 이러닝 학습경험 전과 후의 이러닝 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 비교하 여 대학생들의 인식 변화를 알아보기 위해 경상북도에 소재한 Y대학과 K대학의 대학생을 대상으로 연구조사를 실시하였 다. 그 결과, 첫째 학습시간의 편의성과 학습과정의 용이성, 이러닝 유용성은 학습경험과 관계없이 이러닝 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학습공간의 편의성은 학습경험 전과 후의 인식에 차이가 있었으며, 이러닝 학습을 경험한 후 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 실제 이러닝 학습을 경험한 대학생들은 학습과정의 용이성 이 이용의도에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 효과적인 이러닝 활성화 방향과 이러닝 학습 자들에 대한 종단적 연구의 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of students' perceptions by comparing factors affecting e-learning intention before and after e-learning experience based on longitudinal data. For this purpose, a research study was conducted targeting university students at Y and K universities in Gyeongsangbuk-do. As a result, first, the convenience of learning time, the ease of learning process, and the usefulness of e-learning had an effect on e-learning intention regardless of the learning experience. Second, the convenience of the learning space was different in the perception before and after the learning experience, and it was found to affect the intention to use after the e-learning experience. Third, college students who have experienced e-learning have shown that the ease of learning process has the most influence on their intention to use. The results of this study can provide an effective direction of e-learning activation and provide basic data for longitudinal research on e-learning learners.

본 연구는 생계부양형태의 변화가 아버지의 자녀양육 참여의 변화를 설명하는지 다층성장모형을 적용하여 검증하였다. 분석은 0세 영아를 추적 조사한 한국아동패널 1-5차년도 자료를 활용하여 아버 지 2,150명을 대상으로 하였다. 분석결과 시간의 흐름에 따른 아버지의 자녀양육 참여의 변화는 나타 나지 않았다. 그러나 아버지의 자녀양육 참여에 있어서 개인들 간에 변화율의 차이가 있었으며, 남성 생계부양형태보다 이인생계부양형태에서 자녀양육 참여의 감소가 느려지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 자 녀가 태어난 당시의 아버지 연령이 자녀양육 참여의 변화에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

This study has been verified by applying Multilevel Growth Modeling to see if the change in breadwinner model explains the change in father's involvement for childcare. The analysis was conducted on 2,150 fathers using the data from the first to fifth years of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) data that tracked and surveyed 0-year-old infants. The results shown no change in fathers' involvement for childcare over time. However, there was a difference in the rate of change between individuals in the father's participation in childcare. The difference is found to be slower in the dual earner model than in the male breadwinner model. In addition, the age of fathers at the time of their children's birth affected the change of arrangement for childcare.

본 연구는 초등학교 여학생의 체격 발육현상을 1년간 종단 연구를 통하여 발육량을 비교하고 지역차를 검토하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 초등학교 2, 4, 6학년 여학생 174명(도시 86명, 농촌 88명)을 대상으로 2011년과 2012에 걸쳐 2개월 간격으로 체격을 측정하고 도농간 t 검정을 실시한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 키는 도시 여학생이 농촌보다 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 도시와 농촌 모두 연간 발육량이 가장 많은 학년은 4학년인 것으로 나타났으며, 도시 여학생이 농촌 여학생보다 연간 발육량이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 일년 중 키는 5～7월 사이에 발육을 많이 하는 경향을 나타내었다. 몸무게는 도시여학생이 농촌보다 무거운 경향이었으나, 4학년은 농촌이 무거운 것으로 나타났다. 몸무게의 연간 발육량이 가장 많은 학년은 도시는 4학년 이었고, 농촌은 6학년 이었다. 연간 발육량은 4학년은 도시가 농촌보다 많았고, 6학년은 농촌이 도시보다 많은 것으로 나타났다. 일년 중 몸무게는 7～9월, 9～11월에 발육을 많이 하는 경향을 나타내었다. BMI는 도시 여학생이 농촌보다 높은 것으로 나타났다. BMI의 연간 발육량이 가장 많은 학년은 도시는 4학년 이었고, 농촌은 6학년 이었으며, 도시 여학생이 농촌보다 연간 증가량이 많은 것은 것으로 나타났다. 일년 중 BMI는 7～9월, 9～11월에 많이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다.

The purpose of this study is to analyze and to compare growth amount and reginal differences in physique of primary-aged girls with a longitudinal study for 1 year. The longitudinal analysis was conducted to measure changes of physique at 2-months internals in 2011 and 2012 and to carry out t-test targeting 174 second, fourth, sixth grade girls(urban 86, rural 88) in Elementary School Female Students. The results are as follows: First, in height, urban girls are significantly taller than rural girls. It is showed that the amount of annual growth of fourth grade is the greatest in both urban and rural. Also, it urban girls have more annual growth amount than rural girls. Besides, it tends to grow more between May and July of the year. Second, in weight, urban girls are slightly heavier than rural girls. However, especially in forth grade, rural girls have a tendency to being heavier than all of targeting. The amount of annual growth of urban fourth grade and rural sixth grade are the greatest in weight. It seems that fourth grade in urban is larger than in rural on the amount of annaul growth, and that sixth grade in rural is greater than in urban. Also, It shows to have a tendency to increase more in weight in July-to-September and in September-to-November of the year. Lastly, it is showed that BMI of urban girls is higher than of rural girls. In BMI, the largest annual growth amount is indicated in fourth grade of urban and in sixth grade of rural. In annual increase amount of BMI, it is showed that urban girls are more than rural girls. Also, both urban and rural girls tend to increase in BMI in July-to-September and in September-to-November of the year.

본 연구에서는 한국과 미국에서 2000년 1월과 2005년 9월에 집행된 잡지광고를 대상으로 광고정보량의 변화를 비교하였다. 두 국가에서 발간된 72권의 잡지에서 총 3,638개의 광고물에 대해 Resnik and Stern(1977)의 정보단서 분류기준 14가지를 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 한국의 경우 미국에 비해 광고 당 평균 정보량의 감소폭이 훨씬 큰 것으로 나타났으며 잡지유형에 따른 정보량의 변화를 살펴보면 두 국가 모두 컴퓨터잡지의 광고에서 가장 많은 정보량을 포함하고 있는 것으로 드러났다. 또한 전반적인 정보량은 감소되었지만 잡지유형에 따른 정보량의 순위에는 큰 변화가 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 한국의 경우 2000년에 비해 의류제품의 광고가 큰 폭으로 증가되었지만 정보량은 감소한 것으로 나타났으며 광고모델이나 브랜드를 강조하는 감성적 소구의 광고가 크게 증가함을 보여주고 있다. 마지막으로 광고 사이즈에 따른 정보량의 변화를 조사해본 결과 두 국가 모두 광고 사이즈의 대형화 추세를 발견할 수 있었으며, 동시에 광고 사이즈가 커질수록 정보량은 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

This study presents a longitudinal analysis of Korean-USA magazine advertising over the past 5 years. This study replicates previous research(Weun et al., 2004), using Resnik and Stern's(1977) classification scale of advertising information. A total of 3,638 ads executed in Korea and USA magazine in 2000 and 2005 were analyzed in terms of number of information cues, type of information, magazine type, product type and ad size. The results show a great decline in the amount of information in Korea. However, it is observed that there are more changes in Korean magazine than USA, especially in the type of ad size. Implications of the findings are discussed.

본 연구는 기업이 종업원 역량을 향상시키는 HR번들을 시행했을 때, 조직경쟁력에 미치는 영향력에 대해 분석하였다. 단일시점의 횡단연구가 가지는 한계를 보완하기 위해, 격년으로 3회차 동안 수집한 패널 자료를 이용 한 종단연구를 하였다. 본 연구의 주요 초점은 시간이 흐름에 따라 기업의 HR번들 수준의 기울기 변화(slope)가 기업경쟁력의 기울기 변화(slope)에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는가에 맞추었다. 사용한 데이터는 한국노동연구원이 발 표한 사업체패널조사(WPS)의 자료 2,849개 회사의 자료를 활용하였다. 분석방법은 구조방정식 잠재성장모델 (LGM)을 사용하였다. 분석결과를 보면 기업들이 종업원의 역량향상을 위한 HR번들의 수준을 높이는 긍정적인 변 화(slope)가 시간이 흐름에 따라 기업 경쟁력도 높이는 긍정적인 변화(slope)를 확인하였다는 점에서 본 연구의 기여점을 찾을 수 있었다.

This study analyzed the impact on organizational competitiveness of companies implementing HR bundle designed to enhance employee capabilities. And to complement the limitations of a cross-sectional study, this study conducted a longitudinal study using panel data collected over three waves every other year. This study focused on analyzing whether the slope of a HR bundle level over time has a positively effect on the slope of organizational competitiveness. The data were collected from 2,849 companies in the Workplace Panel Survey(WPS) by the KLI. The analysis was employed the latent growth modelling(LGM) method of structural equation model. This study contributed that the HR bundle's slope over time positively impacted the rate of slope of competitiveness over time.

본 연구의 목적은 초기청소년의 학습을 위한 인터넷의 사용, 게임사용, 그리고 지각된 학업성취도와의 관계를 종단적 자료로 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 연구문제를 해결할 수 있는 잠재성장모형을 확장한 3개의 연구모형을 설정하였고, 연구모형별로 가설들을 검정하였다. 한국청소년패널(KYPS)에서 4년간 반복추적 조사한 초등학교 4학년 2,844명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 연구결과 (a) 학년이 증가함으로써 학습목적 인터넷 사용의 변화율은 유의하게 감소하는 경향을 나타내었지만, 개인차는 있는 것으로 나타났다. (b) 학습목적 인터넷 사용은 최종시점(중1)의 지각된 학업성취도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 (c) 게임사용은 학습목적 인터넷 사용에 동시효과와 지연효과가 모두 유의한 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to find out the structural relations among the changing of internet use for learning, online game use, and perceived achievement. To complete this study, we set three research models and verified our hypotheses from the research models. We used Korean Youth Panel Study (KYPS) data, which surveyed beginning with fourth grade 2,844 elementary school students. We discovered that (a) there was a statically significant individual variability in initial levels and rates of change in internet use for learning. The change of trajectory was declined. (b) We also found out both initial state and changing rate of internet use for learning positively affect perceived academic achievement. (c) Lastly our study found both the concurrent and lag effects support the developmental relation between internet use for learning and game use in young adolescents.

연구목적: 본 연구는 5개년 산재보험패널 데이터(N=2,573)를 활용하여 산재근로자의 이질적인 회복 궤 적을 유형화하고 노동시장 장벽과의 동태적 관계를 분석하여 맞춤형 정책 근거를 마련한다. 연구방법: K-평균 군집분석으로 궤적 유형을 도출하고 피셔의 정확 검정으로 구직상의 어려움을 비교하였다. 연구 결과: 회복 궤적은 ‘안정 회복형’, ‘고용 불안정형’, ‘만성 취약형’으로 분류되었다. 안정 회복형은 중증 장해에도 최고 소득을 기록했으나 최저 만족도를 보여 소득-만족도 역설이 관찰되었다. 가장 큰 규모인 만성 취약형은 임금 등 근로조건을 가장 큰 구직 장벽으로 인식했다. 결론: 획일적 정책의 한계를 지적하 며, 중증 근로자의 일-삶 균형 지원 및 취약 계층을 위한 맞춤형 고용 개입의 필요성을 제시한다.

Purpose: This study utilizes 5-year panel data (N=2,573) to classify the heterogeneous recovery trajectories of injured workers and analyzes their relationship with labor market barriers to inform tailored policies. Method: K-means clustering was used to identify trajectory types, and Fisher's exact test compared job-seeking difficulties. Result: Three types were identified: 'Stable Recovery', 'Unstable Employment', and 'Chronic Vulnerability'. The Stable Recovery group, despite severe injury, maintained the highest income but showed the lowest life satisfaction (2.30), suggesting an 'Income- Satisfaction Paradox'. The largest Chronic Vulnerability group reported the highest barriers related to wage and working conditions. Conclusion: The findings suggest moving beyond uniform support to provide tailored strategies, such as well-being management for the severely injured and targeted employment support for the vulnerable.

This study examined the longitudinal trajectory of residential satisfaction and its determinants among public rental housing residents in Seoul, using data from the Seoul Public Rental Housing Panel Survey (2016~2021). A latent growth model was employed to examine changes in residential satisfaction by housing type. The results revealed that residents of 50-year public rental housing, National Rental Housing, multi-family rental housing, and redevelopment rental housing experienced a gradual decline in residential satisfaction over time, whereas no significant changes were observed among residents of permanent rental housing and jeonse-based public rental housing. In addition, the factors influencing the initial level and the rate of change in residential satisfaction varied by housing type. Physical environmental factors generally contributed to higher initial levels of residential satisfaction, while social environmental factors tended to mitigate the decline in satisfaction over time. These findings provide valuable empirical evidence for designing tailored housing policies and long-term management strategies that reflect the distinct characteristics of each public rental housing type.

대부분의 공공극장은 공익성과 수익성에 대한 과제를 안고 있다. 이에 극장 들은 서비스 강화 등을 통해 관객만족에 매진하고 있다. 하지만 이러한 논의는 보다 장기적인 관점에서 종단적으로 분석되어야 함에도 불구하고 관련 연구는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구는 공공극장의 서비스가 관객만족에 미치는 장기적 영 향을 살펴보기 위해 특정극장의 사례를 기반으로 선형 패널모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석을 위해 관객의 만족요인을 공연요인과 공연외요인으로 구분 하여 공연외요인 변수들이 추천의도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 검정하였다. 연구결과 공연외요인 가운데 본 연구의 독립변수인 홍보물, 사전홍보, 현장응 대, 관람료, 부대시설 등 서비스에 대한 만족이 추천의도에 복합적으로 작용하 고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 서비스요인에서도 관람료와 부대시설에 대한 만족이 다른 요인들에 비해 추천의도에 미치는 영향력이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이 를 통해 공공극장이 주최하는 공연의 관람료나 부대시설 등의 서비스요인을 강화하여 관객개발 및 수익성을 개선할 수 있다. 향후 공공극장의 관객개발 정 책은 공연요인뿐 아니라 서비스요인도 장기적인 관점에서 다각도로 고려되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Most public theaters face the dual challenge of fulfilling public interests while achieving profitability. To address this, theaters strive to enhance audience satisfaction by improving their services. However, despite the need for a long-term and longitudinal analysis, relevant studies remain scarce. This study examines the long-term impact of public theater services on audience satisfaction using a linear panel model based on a case study of a specific theater. Audience satisfaction factors are categorized into performance-related and non-performance-related factors. Specifically, this study investigates the influence of non-performance-related factors on recommendation intentions. The results reveal that satisfaction with service factors, such as promotional materials, pre-performance promotions, on-site responses, ticket prices, and auxiliary facilities, has a complex effect on recommendation intentions. Among these factors, satisfaction with ticket prices and auxiliary facilities exerts the greatest impact. These findings suggest that enhancing service aspects—particularly ticket pricing and auxiliary facilities—can contribute to audience development and increased profitability for public theater performances. Future audience development strategies for public theaters should adopt a multifaceted approach that considers both performance-related and service-related factors.

본 연구는 동태적 관점에서 중·고령자의 노인기로의 이행과정에서 다차원 빈곤의 변화 궤적을 살펴보고 이에 대한 영향요인을 확인하는 것이다. 한국복지패널(2006년~2018년) 자료를 활용하여, 2006년 만 55세 이상 중·고령자 중 예비노인과 전기노인 집단별로 13년간의 다차원 빈곤 변화 궤적을 잠재성장모형을 통해 살펴보았다. 다차원 빈곤은 경제(소득, 고용), 환경(주거), 건강, 사회문화(여가, 가족관계, 사회적 관계) 등 4영역에서 7가지 차원으로 구분하였다. 분석결과, 다차원 빈곤 궤적은 시간의 흐름에 따라 그 수준이 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 전체적인 빈곤 수준은 전기 노인이 예비노인과 전체 평균보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 독립변수를 투입한 조건모형 분석결과 예비노인은 배우자유 무와 교육수준, 전기노인은 성별과 교육수준 순으로 빈곤 변화에 영향을 미치는 변수가 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 다차원 빈곤은 점차 개선되고 있으나, 연령집단별로 변화율 및 영향을 미치는 변수가 다르므로, 노후빈곤 대책 마련 시 연령 집단별 특성이 고려되어야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the trajectories of multi-dimensional poverty in the process of transitioning from middle age to old age, and to identify the factors that influence them. Using the Korea Welfare Panel Data(2006 ~ 2018), we examined the trajectory of changes in multi-dimensional poverty for 13 years by prospective elderly and middle aged group aged 55 or older in 2006 through the potential growth model. Multidimensional poverty is divided into seven dimensions in four areas: economy (income, employment), environment (residential), health, social culture (leisure, family relations, and social relations). The results showed that the level of multi-dimensional poverty decreased with time, and the overall poverty level was higher than that of the pre-old and the average. As a result of analyzing the condition model with the independent variable, the variables affecting poverty change were found in the order of spouse free and educational level for the elderly and gender and education level for the elderly. In other words, multi-dimensional poverty is gradually improving, but the rate of change and the variables that affect each age group are different.

고도화된 정보 시대의 학습은 학습자가 컴퓨터와 인터넷을 통해 정보자원에 접근하여 정보를 자기주도적으로 습득하고 평가하는 활동이라 할 수 있다. 4차 산업혁명 기술에 기반한 온라인 학습 플랫폼의 등장은 구성주의 학습이론에 기반하여 초중등 학습자가 자기주도적으로 정보를 검색하여 학습하는 환경으로 발전하고 있다. 온라 인 학습환경에서 초중등 학습자의 정보검색 능력과 자기주도학습 능력에 대한 기존 연구를 살펴보면, 변인간의 긍정적 관련성이 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 하지만, 이는 특정 교과 수업과 콘텐츠에 국한된 횡단적인 연구로 보 다 확장된 형태의 종단적인 연구를 통해 정보검색 능력과 자기주도학습 능력 간의 관련성을 분석해볼 필요가 있 다. 본 연구에서는 8년 동안 수집된 서울교육종단연구의 패널데이터를 활용하여 정보검색 능력과 정보검색 빈도 의 종단적인 패턴에 따른 자기주도학습 능력의 차이를 밝히고자 한다.

In the advanced information age, learning is an activity in which learners access information resources through computers and Internet to acquire and evaluate information on their own. The emergence of an online learning platform based on the fourth industrial revolution technology is developing into an environment in which elementary and secondary learners learn and study based on constructivism learning theory. In the online learning environment, the researches on the information retrieval ability of the elementary and secondary learners and the self-directed learning ability were found to be highly related. However, it is necessary to analyze the relation between information retrieval ability and self-directed learning ability through a cross-sectional study that is limited to specific curriculum and contents and expands the longitudinal research. In this study, the panel data of the Seoul Education Longitudinal Study collected over 8 years are used to find the difference in self-directed learning ability according to the longitudinal pattern of information retrieval ability and frequency.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate whether employment status is associated with the experience of unmet care needs. Methods: This study utilized the Korea Health Panel data from 2012 to 2016. A total of 4,083 workers were selected as baseline subjects in 2012 and were followed for four years. This study used the GLIMMIX procedure under the marginal model while adjusting for covariates. Results: A total of 12.4% of 4,083 people said they had failed at least once to have a treatment or checkup despite the needs. Those more likely to experience unmet care needs were women and people of lower income level, with worse health conditions and chronic disease. Precarious workers, the self-employed, and the unemployed were more likely to experience unmet care needs caused by economic burden than permanent workers (Odds Ratio: 2.14, 2.07, 2.74, respectively). Conclusions: This disparity means that precarious workers and the unemployed are more likely to face barriers in obtaining needed health services. Given their insecure employment status, meeting their needs for health care is an important consideration.

Purpose: This study was to examined the moderated mediation effect of self-esteem on the relationship between parenting stress and depression among married women with children using longitudinal data from the 3rd to 6th Panel Studies on Korean. Methods: The data from the Panel Study of Korean Children (Korea Institute of Child Care and Education) was collected as part of a longitudinal inquiry of babies born in 2008, their parents and their community environments. Only the data collected from the married women over the age of 20 who participated in the maternal survey was used for this study. Results: The initial level of married women’s parenting stress affects the initial level and the rate of change in self-esteem; the initial level of self-esteem, the initial level and rate of change in depression; and the initial level of parenting stress, the initial level of depression. However, the impact of the rate of change in parenting stress on that of self-esteem was significant only in employed women while the impact of the rate of change in self-esteem on that of depression was significant only in unemployed women. Conclusion: It is necessary to manage parenting stress among married women through various programs and education that increase self-esteem in order to reduce their level of depression.

Purpose: This study examined age-specific prevalence and associated factors of activities of daily living (ADL) disability. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used first-year data from a longitudinal study. Participants were 564 older adults residing in nursing homes or long-term care hospitals. Data were analyzed using chi-square test and logistic regression. Results: The mean age of the participants was 83.58 years, and 65.4% had severe ADL disability. Severe ADL disability was significantly associated with being female in the young- old group (odds ratio [OR]=4.18, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.04~16.83); incontinence (OR=3.22, 95% CI=1.58~6.55), dietary change (OR=4.74, 95% CI=1.47~15.26), low calf circumference (OR=3.09, 95% CI=1.10~8.66), suspected cognitive impairment (OR=3.27, 95% CI=1.35~7.96), and long-term care hospital residence (OR=2.41, 95% CI=1.09~5.36) in the mid-old group; and incontinence (OR=3.87, 95% CI=2.13~7.05), low calf circumference (OR=6.38, 95% CI=2.65~15.34), suspected cognitive impairment (OR=2.24, 95% CI=1.02~4.94), and long-term care hospital residence (OR=3.04, 95% CI=1.42~6.54) in the old-old age group. Conclusion: Findings highlight the need for age-specific management strategies: muscle strengthening and exercise programs for young-old female, integrated and simultaneous management for the mid-old, and strategies to maintain core physiological functions for the old-old. These findings support long-term care policies and contribute to developing care systems in an aged society.

Purpose Tai Chi exercise has been proven to be beneficial among elders with osteoarthritis (OA). The long-term effects of this exercise remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Tai Chi exercise for Arthritis (TCEA) program on the physical status and quality of life of OA elders. Methods This was a time series study with one group design. Subjects diagnosed with OA of the lower extremities, aged 60 years or over, were recruited from an outpatient clinic at a community teaching hospital. Thirteen participants joined a TCEA exercise class three times per week for 2 years. Physical status including body mass index (BMI), lean body mass, hand grasp strength, flexibility, and equilibrium were measured four times?at baseline, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years of the TCEA exercise class. Quality of life was also measured at these time points. Results Lean body mass was significantly decreased within the study period (p< .05). Participants experienced significant improvements in physical functioning, role limitations, and social functioning on the dimensions of quality of life (SF-36) (p < .05). Conclusions Elderly people with OA should be encouraged to exercise using Tai Chi for maintaining physical function and improving quality of life. [Asian Nursing Research 2008;2(4):235?241]

Purpose: This study aimed to identify latent classifications based on trajectories of change in depressive symptoms among multicultural adolescents in middle and high school and to identify factors that influence classification. Methods: This study used six time-point data from the Multicultural Adolescents Panel Study (MAPS) conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute (NYPI). We longitudinally analyzed data from 2014 to 2019, which corresponds to the participants' middle and high school years. Latent Growth Curve Modeling (LGCM) was used to analyze the depressive developmental trajectories of multicultural youth in middle and high school. Latent Class Growth Modeling (LCGM) was used to determine the number and shape of latent classes according to the type of depression among multicultural adolescents. We applied multinomial logistics regression analysis to explore the predictors of each class. Results: A model with three latent classes was identified: (1) low-decreasing class (intercept=13.34, slope=-0.07, 37.9%), (2) moderate-increasing class (intercept=17.76, slope=0.41, 47.6%), (3) high-increasing class (intercept=23.22, slope=0.44, 14.5%). Multinomial logistic regression showed multicultural adolescents who were male, experienced high acculturative stress and social withdrawal, and had low self-esteem, life satisfaction, and family support tended to belong to either the moderate-increasing or high-increasing class. Conclusion: These findings suggest that preliminary assessments of gender, acculturation stress, self-esteem, life satisfaction, social withdrawal, and family support among multicultural adolescents may be valuable for developing tailored mental health programs.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to examine the rate of the changes in cognitive function and the related-factors in progression from the community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment to dementia during 3 years. Methods: Data were selected from the Seoul Dementia Management Project with 1,375 community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment at baseline and monitored the changes in cognitive function after 3 years. The main variables were included demographic characteristics, body mass index, cognitive function, attended number of non-pharmacological programs, and activity of daily living (ADL)-related educational programs. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test, and logistic regression. Results: Of all the participants, 83.0% remained with mild cognitive impairment, and 17.0% progressed to dementia after 3 years. Old age (odds ratio [OR]=1.06, 95% confidence Interval [CI]=1.04~1.09), no exercise (OR=1.42, 95% CI=1.04~1.93), attendance at non-pharmacological programs less than eight times (OR=4.17, 95% CI=2.05~8.49), and no attendance at ADL-related educational programs (OR=1.05, 95% CI=1.02~1.26) significantly affected dementia progression. Conclusion: Regardless of the types of non-pharmacological programs, regular and continuous non-pharmacological programs must be one of the important services of the dementia care centers in Korea. The result of this study serves the basis for developing further strategies to activate non-pharmacological programs and ADL-related educational programs at the community level for older adults with mild cognitive impairment to prevent in progressing to dementia.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the association between hearing difficulty, masticatory difficulty, and cognitive impairment using data from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. Methods: This secondary data analysis included 6939 Korean adults aged 45 or older with no cognitive impairment at baseline. Self-reported questionnaires measured hearing and masticatory difficulty, and cognitive impairment were assessed using the Korea Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). Cox models were used to estimate the risk of cognitive impairment associated with the coexistence of hearing and masticatory difficulty.Results: People who coexisted with hearing and masticatory difficulty were 2.4%. The incidence rate of cognitive impairment was 37.7% for the study sample and higher in females than males. Compared to people without hearing and masticatory difficulty, the total study sample with the coexistence of hearing and masticatory difficulty had a higher risk of cognitive impairment (HR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03?1.56), females with the coexistence of hearing and masticatory difficulty had a greater risk of cognitive impairment (HR :1.52 95% CI: 1.11?2.09). Conclusion: Coexistence of hearing and masticatory difficulty increased females' cognitive impairment risk. It is recommended to check hearing and masticatory function in a timely, which may be effective in detecting individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment.