Earticle

현재 우리나라 유방촬영장치의 정도관리 항목에는 국제규격에서 원하는 직선성이 빠져있다. 직선성은 방사선량 및 방사선질의 조정을 위한 요구사항이다. 본 연구에서는 유방촬영장치 5대를 대상으로 IEC 60601-2-45 규격에 맞는 직선성을 시험한 결과 모두 적합한 결과를 보였으며 앞으로 좀 더 발전된 정도관리 를 위해서는 지속적인 측정관리가 필요하다.

The quality control items of mammography devices in South Korea do not include the linearity, which is required by international standards. The linearity is a requirement for the adjustment of radiation dose and radiation quality. This study tested the linearity, which was suitable for the IEC 60601-2-45 standard, of the 5 mammography devices. All showed adequate results. Consistent measurement management is required for more developed quality control in the future.

본 연구는 기업이 종업원 역량을 향상시키는 HR번들을 시행했을 때, 조직경쟁력에 미치는 영향력에 대해 분석하였다. 단일시점의 횡단연구가 가지는 한계를 보완하기 위해, 격년으로 3회차 동안 수집한 패널 자료를 이용 한 종단연구를 하였다. 본 연구의 주요 초점은 시간이 흐름에 따라 기업의 HR번들 수준의 기울기 변화(slope)가 기업경쟁력의 기울기 변화(slope)에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는가에 맞추었다. 사용한 데이터는 한국노동연구원이 발 표한 사업체패널조사(WPS)의 자료 2,849개 회사의 자료를 활용하였다. 분석방법은 구조방정식 잠재성장모델 (LGM)을 사용하였다. 분석결과를 보면 기업들이 종업원의 역량향상을 위한 HR번들의 수준을 높이는 긍정적인 변 화(slope)가 시간이 흐름에 따라 기업 경쟁력도 높이는 긍정적인 변화(slope)를 확인하였다는 점에서 본 연구의 기여점을 찾을 수 있었다.

This study analyzed the impact on organizational competitiveness of companies implementing HR bundle designed to enhance employee capabilities. And to complement the limitations of a cross-sectional study, this study conducted a longitudinal study using panel data collected over three waves every other year. This study focused on analyzing whether the slope of a HR bundle level over time has a positively effect on the slope of organizational competitiveness. The data were collected from 2,849 companies in the Workplace Panel Survey(WPS) by the KLI. The analysis was employed the latent growth modelling(LGM) method of structural equation model. This study contributed that the HR bundle's slope over time positively impacted the rate of slope of competitiveness over time.

격조사 ヲ와 ニ는 특정 동사에서 교체 현상이 발생한다. 또한 이동을 나타내는 동사에서는 ニ와 ヘ의 교체도 빈번하게 이루어진다. 본고에서는 나라시대부터 메이지시대에 이르기까지 의 고전일본어를 대상으로 하여 명사구에서의 격조사 교체 현상을 통시적 관점에서 기술하였 다. 특히 코퍼스를 사용하여 명사구에 위치하는 명사의 종류를 검출하여 격조사의 교체와 더 불어 공통의 <대상어>가 적다는 것을 확인하였으며, 〈ヲ・ニV〉가 동일 <대상어>를 받는 조건 에서는 의미의 차이가 발생한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 그리고, 이동을 나타내는 동사에서의 격조사 ニ와 ヘ의 교체는 「行く」가 무표이고, 「来る」가 유표라는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 상 (aspect) 표현과의 호응에서도 유의미한 차이가 있음이 밝혀졌다.

The case particles ヲ and ニ undergo replacement phenomena with specific verbs. Moreover, replacement between ニ and ヘ frequently occurs with verbs of motion. This paper describes the phenomenon of case particle substitution in noun phrases from a diachronic perspective, focusing on Classical Japanese from the Nara period to the Meiji era. Specifically, using a corpus to detect the type of noun within a noun phrase, it was confirmed that, alongside case particle substitution, there are a few common <object words>. Furthermore, it was found that when 〈ヲ・ニV〉 receive the same <object word>, a difference in meaning occurs. It was also confirmed that the alternation between the case particles ニ and ヘ in verbs expressing movement is unmarked for 「行く」and marked for「来る」. Significant differences were also revealed in the correspondence with aspect expressions.

본 연구에서의 방사선 검출기센서는 미세 전류, 전압, 저항 등의 변화를 감지하여 증폭할 수 있는 프리엠 프(preamplifier) 신호처리 회로를 설계하였으며, 디지털 필터회로설계, 고전압 발생 장치 모듈 및 스팩트럼 분석용 회로 시스템 인터페이스 기술 등을 통해서 시스템을 개발하였다. 방사선 검출성능 평가 장비의 정확도를 측정한 결과 신호 측정 방사선 검출기의 선형성은 ±2 % 이하, 고전압 출력 특성 ±1 % 이하의 성능으로 만족한 결과를 얻었다. 신호 평가는 윈도우 환경 화면을 통해서 하드웨어를 세팅, 에너지 스펙트럼 측정, 에너지 교정 설정 및 측정 결과를 효율적으로 평가가능하였다. 또한 휴대가 가능한 방사선 측정용 장비는 저전압 출력신호를 고성능 증폭이 가능하며, 신호처리용 디지털회로 성능 개선을 통해 원자력 분야 등에 사용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

The radiation detector sensor in this study designed a pre-amplifier signal processing circuit that can detect and amplify changes in micro-current, voltage, and resistance, and developed the system through digital filter circuit design, high voltage generator module, and spectrum analysis circuit system interface technology. As a result of measuring the accuracy of the radiation detection performance evaluation equipment, the linearity of the signal measurement radiation detector was ±2% or less, and the high voltage output characteristics were ±1% or less. Signal evaluation was able to efficiently evaluate hardware setting, energy spectrum measurement, energy calibration setting, and measurement results through the window environment screen. n addition, portable radiation measurement equipment is capable of high-performance amplification of low-voltage output signals and is expected to be used in the nuclear field by improving the performance of digital circuits for signal processing.

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material for neutron detection at harsh environments because of its capability to withstand strong radiation fields and high temperatures. Two PIN-type SiC semiconductor neutron detectors, which can be used for nuclear power plant (NPP) applications, such as in-core reactor neutron flux monitoring and measurement, were designed and fabricated. As a preliminary test, MCNPX simulations were performed to estimate reaction probabilities with respect to neutron energies. In the experiment, I-V curves were measured to confirm the diode characteristic of the detectors, and pulse height spectra were measured for neutron responses by using a 252Cf neutron source at KRISS (Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science), and a Tandem accelerator at KIGAM (Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources). The neutron counts of the detector were linearly increased as the incident neutron flux got larger.

The conventional types of X-ray generators were bulky in physical size and heavy in weight, and the control accuracies of the output voltages were not always satisfactory. The high frequency switching inverter and converter technology on power conversion and control systems have been greatly closed up introducing power semiconductor devices. To decreasing the volume and the weight of high voltage transformer, and to stabilize ripple. In this paper, the newly developed x-ray generator in a low cost using duty modulation PWM inverter. This system verify improved performance by stabilize ripple of X-ray tube voltage and compared the reproducibility, linearity and dose in single phase, three phase and PSU.

An Area Radiation Monitoring System (ARMS) ionization chamber, which had an 11.8 L active volume, was fabricatedand performance-tested at KAERI. Low leakage currents, linearities at low and high dose rates were achieved fromperformance tests. The correlation coefficients between the ionization currents and the dose rates are 1 at high dose rateand 0.99 at low dose rate. In this study, an integration-type ARMS ionization chamber was tested over a year for anevaluation of its long-term stability at a radioisotope (RI) repository of the Young-gwang nuclear power plant. The standarddeviation of dose rate of 1 day data and over a 100-days mean value were 6.2 µR/h and 2.9 µR/h, respectively. Thefabricated ARMS ionization chamber showed stable performance from the results of the long-term tests. Design andperformance characteristics of the fabricated ionization chamber for the ARMS from performance-tests are also addressed.

The present study contributes reviewing and suggesting various models for measurement system analysis (MSA). Measurement errors consist of accuracy, linearity, stability, part precision, repeatability and reproducibility (R&R). First, the major content presents split-plot design, and the combination method of crossed and nested design for obtaining gage R&R. Second, we propose x-s variable control chart for calculating the gage R&R and number of distinct category. Lastly, investigating the determination of gage performance curve which establishes the control specification propagating calibration uncertainties and measurement errors is described.

This article has a thema of the rigid line on the film of Ozu Yasziro who has been re-evaluated by capturing the message about Industrialization for Japan with film aesthetics. To Ozu, Film is extremely the space of Geometric line for film aesthetics. Therefore, these facts prove that Yasujirō Ozu has wanted to build the value of the 'order'. The order signifies the hierarchy through symmetry and proportion. When he fixed the camera, these things can do enough to paly a role which makes us obey the rules. These facts exquisitely caused huge synergies by correspondence with postwar Japan. In his films, to imply vertical and horizontal lines was eligible for injecting 'worthy of order' or 'worthy of repeating'. Also, the views like the steel frame structures and a factory chimney and Japanese style house show not just a landscape but the ideology of rigid industrialization. In my opinion, his films not only represent everyday but also suggest to obey the rules as structure of Industrial architecture.

The authors previously developed a dynamic Cox hazards model with time-varying covariates to estimate and forecast the events of financial distress for Australian firms (Kim and Partington, 2014). Yet, in common with most prior studies on financial distress, they neglect the potential non-linear relation between individual predictor variables and the event of interest (the risk of financial distress). This paper extends Kim and Partington (2014) by addressing both the effect of non-linearity and the impact of the state of the economy on the financial distress risk. Specifically, each predictor variable is transformed non-parametrically based on the univariate empirical mapping with the observed failure rates. With the use of data on publicly listed companies on the Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) from 1995 to 2006, the models are calibrated using an estimation sample ((1995-2002) and the out-of-sample discriminatory power (based on the ROC curve) and accuracy (based on the Brier Score) are assessed on the holdout sample (2003-2006). It is found that the discriminatory power (but not the accuracy of probabilistic predictions) of the models is substantively improved by catering for the non-linear relations between the risk of financial distress and predictor variables. However, it is shown that variables capturing the state of the economy do not add to the predictive power when timevarying firm-specific variables are already included in the model.

최근 통신시스템과 핸드폰, PDA등의 통신기기들의 발전에 따라 사용자들은 높은 데이터 전송률과 고속의 통신서비스를 요구하고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 유·무선 통합 시스템인 Radio-over-Fiber(RoF) 시스템은 그 대안으로 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 광전자소자를 선 왜곡 방식에 적용하여 광 송신기의 선형성을 향상시키는 방법을 제안하였다. 선 왜곡 방식은 두 개의 루프로 구성되어 있으며, 광 부품인 레이저 다이오드와 포토 다이오드 그리고 RF 부품인 위상변위기, 감쇄기, RF 결합/분배기, RF 증폭기를 사용하였다. 메인 루프에서 주 레이저 다이오드의 비선형성에 의해 발생된 왜곡신호성분은 보조 루프에서 부 레이저 다이오드를 이용하여 추출된 선 왜곡신호에 의해서 제거된다. 제안된 선형화 기법을 적용하여 2.4 GHz에서 선형화 기법을 적용하기전보다 3차 상호변조 왜곡성분이 약 30 dB 향상된 결과를 얻었다.

본 논문에서는 카르테시안 벡터 모듈레이터 전치왜곡기의 선형성 개선을 극대화하기 위해서 전치왜곡기 설계시 고려해야할 파라미터들을 제시하였으며 비선형시작점 조정회로를 사용한 개선된 카르테시안 벡터 모듈레이터 진처왜곡기를 제안하였다. 전치왜곡기의 성능을 확인하기 위해서 2.5 GHz 대역 모바일 WiMax 1FA 신호를 입력으로 하는 15 W 전력증폭기에 제안한 전치왜곡기를 적용하였다. 측정결과, -45.3 dBc의 ACLR을 얻었으며 기존의 다이오드를 사용한 전치왜곡기에 비해서 선형성 개선 구간이 넓어졌을 뿐만 아니라 기존의 전치왜곡기에 비해 약 4 dB 개선된 결과를 얻었다.

In this paper, we represent considering parameters for design of a Cartesian vector modulator predistorter to maximize linearity improvement of the predistorter and propose an advanced Cartesian vector modulator predistrotrer with nonlinear starting point control circuit. In order to confirm the performance of the proposed predistorter, the predistorter is applied to power amplifier with 15 W output power for 2.5 GHz band mobile WiMax 1-FA signal. From the measured results, ACLR of -45.3 dBc with 4 dB improvement of ALCR compared with the previous predistorter is obtained and linearity improvement range is also extended.

본 논문에서는 구동단의 IMD 특성과 최종단의 IMD 특성을 조절하여 선형성을 개선하는 방법에 대하여 제안을 하였다. WCDMA 4FA의 입력 신호를 사용하였을 때 평균 전력 50W에서 약 -48dBc@5MHz offset의 ACLR 특성을 얻었다. 제안된 역위상화 선형화 기법은 추가적인 선형회로 없이 구동 증폭단을 이용하여 전치왜곡 효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 점은 기존 analog predistortion 방식과 feedforward 방식의 단점을 보완하였음에 큰 의미를 가진다.

This paper proposes linearization technique that the linearity is improved by controlling IMD between the drive stage and the output stage. From the experimental results of W-CDMA 4FA input signal, this amplifier has ACLR of -48dBc@5MHz offset at 50W average power. Proposed linearization technique provides predistortion effect for using drive amplifier without additional circuit, which is the significant in this paper that it makes up for the weak point of analog predistortion method and feedforward method.