Earticle

본 연구는 최승희에 대한 우리 무용 문화자산을 확보하여 한국의 전통무용에 대한 참신하고 재미있는 문화 교육용 콘텐츠를 개발하는 데 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 최승희 대표 무용 중 “장구춤”을 VR 콘텐츠로 제작하여 무용교육의 발전에 기여하고자 하였다. 기존의 무용공연은 ‘무용수-관객’이라는 일방적인 무용 관람 형태에서는 무용공연에 출연하는 무용수의 세밀한 표정이나 동작에 대한 관객의 구체적인 감상이 이루어질 수 없었다. 그러나 무대 위에서 촬영되는 VR 무용공연 촬영과 헤드기어(HMD)를 통한 감상이라는 VR(가상현실) 기술을 무용공연에 도입함으로써 무대 위에서의 입체적인 관람 경험을 통해 더욱 높은 무용수의 세밀한 동작과 표현력과 몰입감과 현장감을 체험할 수 있다. 이러한 새로운 차원의 기술 도입으로 학습자들은 무용에 대한 생생한 경험과 작품에 대한 풍부한 이해 및 지식을 확장할 수 있는 계기를 갖게 된다. 이를 위하여 본 연구자와 최승희 무용전문가, VR 전문가 참여한 협의의 과정을 거쳐 ‘장구춤’ 공연을 VR 4면(front, side, back, center)으로 촬영하고, ‘장구춤’ 공연, 기획, 촬영, 콘텐츠를 제작하였다. 최승희 ‘장구춤’ VR 콘텐츠로 제작은 근거리 관람과 유사한 체험을 제공하며 무용 동작 이해, 공연 전 현장감을 체험하는 기회를 제공할 수 있다. 특히 공연 마케팅을 위한 프리뷰(preview) 혹은 무용공연 후에 기념으로 소장될 수 있는 무용 VR 콘텐츠(Contents)영상 상품으로서도 가치가 있다. 최승희 “장구춤” VR 콘텐츠 제작(Prototype) 및 개발은 우리 문화자산확보와 문화향유 및 무용교육 발전에 이바지하게 될 것이다. 나아가 최승희의 민족무용의 세계사적 가치를 우리 문화자산을 디지털화로 확보 및 영구 보전코자 한다.

This study aims to re-examine Choi Seung-hee and secure korea dance cultural assets to discover novel and interesting cultural and educational content. this research may contribute to the development of dance education by re-creating Choi Seung-hee’s ‘Janggu Chum’ through VR. Traditional dance performances use to have only ‘performance-audience’ relationship. In this one-way dance viewing form, the audience could not appreciate the detailed facial expressions or movements of the dancers participating in the performance. However, by introducing virtual reality technology such as VR a ‘Janggu Chum’ performance contents shooting on stage and appreciation through headgear (HMD), one can experience a higher sense of immersion and realism through three-dimensional viewing experience. With this new level of technology, learners will have the opportunity to expand their vivid experience with dance and their rich understanding and knowledge of the work. To this end, the Writer filmed and produced a VR of Choi Seung-hee’s ‘Janggu Chum’ performance with four dimensions (front, side, back, center). A VR production of Choi Seung-hee’s ‘Janggu Chum’ can provide viewers an opportunity to understand dance movements through close-range viewing and experience the sense of realism. In particular, a VR product may be valuable as a preview for performance marketing before the performance and be kept as an archive after the performance. Choi Seung-hee’s ‘Janggu Chum’ VR dance content will become an important Korean cultural asset as well as an essential tool for dance education. Furthermore, the digitalization of Korean folk dance may secure and preserve its value as a cultural asset in the context of world cultural tradition.

본 연구는 최승희에 대한 재조명과 우리무용 문화자산을 확보하여 국제적 관점에서 한국의 전통무용에 대한 참신하고 재미있는 문화 교육용 콘텐츠를 개발하는 데 목적 이 있다. 본 연구는 그간의 저서와 연구를 바탕으로 최승희 대표 무용 중 “쟁강춤”을 VR 콘텐츠로 제작하여 무용교육의 발전에 기여하고자 한다. 기존의 무용공연은 ‘무용 수-관객’이라는 시․공간적으로 분리된 관계를 바탕으로 한다. 이와 같이 일방향적인 무용 관람 형태에서는 무용공연에 출연하는 무용수의 세밀한 표정이나 동작에 대한 관객의 구체적인 감상이 이루어질 수 없었다. 그러나 VR(가상현실)기술을 무용공연에 도입함으로써 현재의 평면적인 관람을 넘 어서 무대 위에서의 입체적인 관람 경험을 통해 더욱 높은 무용수의 세밀한 동작과 표 현력과 몰입감과 현장감을 체험할 수 있다. 이러한 새로운 차원의 기술 도입으로 학습 자들은 무용에 대한 생생한 경험과 그리고 작품에 대한 풍부한 이해 및 지식을 확장할 수 있는 계기를 갖게 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 무용공연에서 VR 기술의 의미와 ICT와 무용공연이 결합된 콘텐츠 연구에 대한 분석을 토대로 최승희 무용을 배웠고 가르치고 있는 무용공연 전문가와 VR 전문가 3인이 참여한 전문가 협의의 과정을 거 쳐 쟁강춤 공연을 VR 4면(front, side, back, center)을 촬영하여 그 기반으로 무 용공연 콘텐츠 기획, 촬영, 제작기법을 사용하였다. 최승희 무용 “쟁강춤”을 VR 콘텐츠로 제작은 현장에서 관람하는 무용공연과 유사 한 체험을 할 수 있도록 함으로써 무용동작 이해, 공연 전 현장감을 체험하는 기회를 제공할 수 있다. 특히 무용공연 전에 공연 마케팅을 위한 프리뷰(preview) 혹은 무용 공연 후에 기념으로 소장될 수 있는 무용 VR콘텐츠(Contents)영상 상품으로서도 가 치가 있다. VR과 같은 기기를 활용한 무용공연 콘텐츠의 제작은 무용과 무용공연을 대중에게 친숙하게 할 수 있는 계기를 제공해준다. Kolor Autopane Video Pro, Adobe Premiere, Adobe After Effects 등 SW와 VR 카메라 HW기술 그리고 무 용공연이라는 예술의 융합이 가져올 수 있는 혜택과 목적 중 하나가 비현장 무용공연 관람의 현장감 향상을 통한 대중화와 문화융성이라 한다면, 최승희 “쟁강춤” VR 무용 콘텐츠는 무용을 전공하고자 하는 교육용으로 중요한 시도가 될 것으로 사료된다.

This study aims to re-examine Choi Seung-hee and secure our dance cultural assets to discover novel and interesting cultural and educational content about Korean traditional dance from a global perspective. Based on books and research as done so far, this researcher aims to contribute to the development of dance education by re-creating Choi Seung-hee’s Jaenggang Dance through VR. Traditional dance performances are based on a temporally spatially separate relationship called ‘Dancer-Audience’. In this one-way dance viewing form, the audience could not appreciate the detailed facial expressions or movements of the dancers participating in the performance. However, by introducing virtual reality technology such as VR a Jaenggang dance performance contents shooting on stage and appreciation through headgear (HMD) in VR environment into dance performances, one can experience a higher sense of immersion and realism through three-dimensional viewing experience. With this new level of technology, learners will have the opportunity to expand their vivid experience with dance and their rich understanding and knowledge of the work. To this end, this study uses VR-based dance performance content planning, filming, and production techniques after consultation between dance performance experts and three VR experts based on analysis of the meaning of VR technology and content research combined with ICT and dance performance. Choi Seung-hee’s “Janggang Dance” can be produced with VR contents and provided with an opportunity to understand dance movements through close-range viewing and experience the sense of realism before the performance so that viewers can experience similar experiences. In particular, it is also valuable as a preview for performance marketing before dance performances or as a video product that can be kept as an archive after performances. The production of dance performance contents using devices such as VR provides an opportunity to familiarize the public with dance and dance performances. If one of the benefits and goals of the convergence of arts such as SW and VR camera HW technology, and dance performances such as Kolor Autopane Video Pro, Adobe After Effects, popularization and cultural enrichment through non-field dance performance, Choi Seunghee’s VR dance content will be an important educational attempt.

본 연구목적은 파워강화와 코어 안정화 복합훈련이 남자대학생 카누선수의 신체구성, 체력, 무산소파워 그리고 등속성 체간 근력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 시도되었다. G대학교에 재학 중인 카누선수(N = 7)를 대상으로 일일 100분간 주 3회 10주간 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 22.0을 이용하여 대응표본 T-검정으로 사전, 사후 변화를 검증하였다. 연구결과 신체구성은 근육량이 효과적으로 증가했고, 체중과 체지방률은 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 기초체력 은 근력, 근지구력, 민첩성이 유의하게 향상되었다. 무산소성 파워는 훈련 전, 후 차이를 나타내지 못하였고, 등속성 체간 근력 (30ﾟ/sec) 에서는 최대근력 굴근력에서 유의하게 향상되었다. 결론적으로, 10주간 파워강화와 코어안정화 훈련은 카누선수들의 근육량 , 근력, 근지구력, 민첩성, 체간 근력 향상에 긍정적인 효과를 나타냈다. 하지만 무산소 파워는 효과 를 나타내지 못하였다. 따라서 향후 복합훈련 적용연구에서는 다양한 훈련프로그램을 계획한 후 운동강도, 빈도 적용에 따른 효과검토가 필요하다.

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of power strength and core stabilization exercise on body composition, fitness, anaerobic power, and trunk strength in male canoe athletes(N = 7). The training program was performed for 100 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 10 weeks. Collected data were analyzed by paired t-test using SPSS 22.0. The result of this study was as follows; In the body composition, muscle mass of canoe athletes was significantly increased. In the fitness, back strength, muscle endurance, and agility were effectively increased. Anaerobic power did not has significant difference. Isokinetic strength(30∘/sec) on trunk, flexor peak torque(Nm) and flexor peak torque per unit weight(%BW) were significantly increased. In conclusion, the results suggest that power and core training for 10 weeks affected to improve fitness and isokinetic strength of trunk in canoe athletes.

본 연구는 최승희가 격동의 시기를 겪으며 전 세계를 무대로 자기예술을 구축해 나가는 동안 표현된 동양무용 을 중심으로 동양사상의 형성 배경과 영향을 심층적으로분석하고자 한다.이를 통해 예술가의 사상이 작품으 로 어떻게 승화되었는지 살펴볼것이다.연구방법은 문헌연구를 중심으로 하였으며 최승희 글,최승희 좌담,최 승희평전,최승희 저서,세계 공연작품 및 평 등이 기본 자료로 활용되었다. 최승희의 사상은 ‘조선의 것’에서 출발하여 동양사상을 아우르고 그것을 통해 동양무용의 총체를 획득한다.최 승희의 동양무용 발전 단계는 민족무용 각성기,동양무용자각기,동방무용예술 정립의 시기를 거친다.이것은 민족전통무용과 서구의 무용을새롭게 접목하여 한국적인 것과 동양적인 춤의 균형을 찾아낸 각성기,서구에 대한 대항의식으로 동양무용을 창출하여 동양무용예술을 세계에 알린 동양무용 자각기,중국문화와 예술을 섭 렵하고 동남아 무용까지 아우르면서 동방무용을 집대성한 정립기로설명할 수 있다.그 과정에서 서구무용의 극복과 동양적 가치를 넘어선 민족 무용의세계화를 추구 완성해 나간다.따라서 최승희 예술세계의 의미는 민 족무용의 부흥 발전을 넘어서고 동양사상을 토대로 하여 서양무용과 조화를 이루는 동양무용의 정립에있다. 이것은 야나기무네요시의 “조선적인 것”에서 동양적인 가치에 관한 사상이 최승희의 동양무용으로 표현되고 집약되었다.대표 작품으로 ｢보살도｣,｢추심｣,｢옥적의곡｣,｢즉흥무｣,｢무혼｣,｢명비곡｣,｢장한가｣,｢신전의 춤｣,｢칠석 의 밤｣등이 있다.또한 최승희의 동양무용으로 무용시 , 무용 조곡 , 무용극 대본집 , 조선 민족 무용기본 이 그 의 사상이 집약된 책이다.최승희는 자신의 춤의 예술적 가치를 개인을 초월한 민족적 차원에서 표현하였다.또 한 예술가로서 자신의 표현적 기회와 사회적 책임을 수행하는 점에서 독보적이다. 따라서 본 연구는 예술가의 사상이 작품으로 어떻게 승화되는지를 살핌으로써,이를 통해 무용예술 이론 및 무 용창작의 발전에 기여하기를 기대한다.

This study is aimed at making an in-depth analysis the formation background & influence of Oriental thought with focus on the Oriental dance expressed by Choi, Seung-hee while she constructed her art around the globe in the midst of the period of turbulence. Through this, this study is going to look into how an artist’s thought was sublimated in works. This study conducted this research with focus on literature review, and used Choi, Seung-hee’s writings, Choi, Seung-hee’s talks, Choi, Seung-hee’s critical biography, Choi, Seung-hee’s books, and Choi, Seung-hee’s performance works & review, etc. as the basic data. Choi, Seung-hee’s thought embraced Oriental thought by starting from ’Things Korean’, and acquired the whole of Oriental dance. Choi, Seung-hee’s developmental stages of Oriental dance went through the national dance awakening period, Oriental dance self-awareness period, and Eastern art of dance establishment period. It can be explained in detail as the awakening period when Choi, Seung-hee found out the balance between things Korean and Oriental dance by integrating the nation’s traditional dance with the Western dance, the Oriental dance self-consciousness period, during which Choi, Seung-hee made the Oriental art of dance known to the world by creating the Oriental dance based on counter-consciousness against the West, and the establishment period for integrating the Oriental dance while Choi, Seung-hee ranged over Chinese cultures and art and embraced even the Southeast Asian dance. In the process, Choi, Seung-hee pursued and gradually completed the conquest of the Western dance and the internationalization of the national dance beyond Oriental value. Accordingly, the significance of Choi-Seung-hee Art World lies in the establishment of Oriental dance which achieves harmony with the Western dance on the basis of Oriental thought beyond the level of revival & development of national dance. Through the establishment of the national dance, the thought on Oriental value from Yanagi Muneyoshi’s things Korean is expressed and integrated by Choi, Seung-hee’s Oriental dance. Choi, Seung-hee’s representative works include ｢Bosaldo｣(Bodhisattva’s Path), ｢Chushim｣(Late Autumn), ｢Okjeokuigok｣(Music of Jade Pipe), ｢Jeukeungmu｣(Impromptu Dance_, ｢Muhon｣( Dance Soul), ｢Myeongbigok｣, ｢Changhen ge｣, ｢Dance of Temple｣, and ｢Night of July 7th｣, etc. In addition, Muyongsi (Dance Poetry), Dance Suite, Dance Drama Script Collection, and Basics of Joseon people’s Dance, which are integrated by Choi, Seoung-hee’s Oriental Dance, are the books integrating her thought. Choi, Seung-hee expressed the artistic value of her own dance at a transpersonal national level. In addition, Choi, Seung-hee is unrivaled in that she made full use of her expressional opportunity and carried out her social responsibility as an artist. Accordingly, this observed how an artist’s thought is sublimated in works , through which this study hopes this research data could contribute the development of dance art theory and dance creation work.

본 연구는 Kano 모델을 활용하여 야간관광지의 선호속성을 분류하고, 우선순위를 도출하는 것이다. 선행 연구 검토와 설문조사를 통해 야간관광지의 선호속성을 도출하였으며, 이를 Kano 모델과 Timko의 고객만 족계수, 잠재적 고객만족지수(PCSI Index)를 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, ‘야간 교통 이용의 편리성’이 가장 중요한 속성으로 나타났으며, ‘분위기’, ‘관광 비용’, ‘야간경관의 청결 및 쾌적함’이 뒤를 이었다. 이와 같은 속성들은 일원적 품질 요소로, 충족될 경우 만족하지만 충족되지 않을 경우 불만족을 유발하는 요소라 고 할 수 있다. 더불어 현재 야간관광지에 대한 개선이 필요함을 확인하였으며, 대부분의 속성의 PCSI 지수 가 0.5를 초과하여 상당한 개선 여지가 있음을 나타낸다. 국내 야간관광의 현주소를 밝히고, 개선 영향력 지 수를 바탕으로 현재 야간관광지의 요소들이 관광객에게 얼마나 긍정적으로 작용하고 있는지, 개선 시의 만 족은 얼마나 큰 지를 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 후속 연구를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이며, 야 간관광 연구가 활성화될 수 있는 단초를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.

This study aims to classify the preferred attributes of nighttime tourist destinations using the Kano model and prioritize these attributes based on their importance. By conducting a comprehensive literature review and administering surveys, the key attributes that influence tourist preferences for nighttime destinations were identified. These attributes were then analyzed using the Kano model, Timko's customer satisfaction coefficient, and the Potential Customer Satisfaction Improvement (PCSI) Index to determine their impact on overall satisfaction. The analysis revealed that "convenience of nighttime transportation" emerged as the most critical attribute, highlighting its significant influence on tourist satisfaction. Following this, attributes such as "atmosphere," "tourism costs," and "cleanliness and comfort of the nighttime scenery" were also identified as important factors. These attributes are categorized as one-dimensional quality elements, meaning they directly impact satisfaction when fulfilled, but lead to dissatisfaction when unmet. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for improvements in the current offerings of nighttime tourist destinations, as most attributes showed a PCSI index exceeding 0.5. This indicates a substantial potential for enhancing these destinations to better meet the expectations and needs of tourists. Additionally, the study demonstrates the extent of satisfaction that can be achieved through targeted improvements. Overall, this research serves as valuable foundational data for future studies in the field and is expected to act as a catalyst for further research and development in nighttime tourism. By providing a detailed analysis of the key attributes and their impact on tourist satisfaction, this study contributes to the broader understanding of how to optimize and improve nighttime tourist destinations, ensuring a more fulfilling experience for visitors.

본 연구는 참여자가 워케이션 목적지로 선호하는 곳의 시공간 특성에 대해 알아보고자 진행되었다. 이를 위해 높은 활용도를 보이는 SNS인 인스타그램 게시물을 분석 대상으로 지정하여 분석을 진행하였다. 구체 적으로 워케이션 게시물이 게시된 일자를 활용하여 시간적 특성을 분석하였으며, 이를 통해 6월과 10월이 워케이션 시기로 가장 선호되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 지오태깅 데이터를 통해 공간적 특성을 분석 하였다. 이를 통해 제주, 강원, 강릉, 속초, 통영, 거제, 부산, 고흥 등이 주요 워케이션 지점임을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 이전 연구들에서 나타난 것과 마찬가지로 자연적인 관광지, 특히 물가가 선호됨을 알 수 있 었다. 추가적으로 키워드 및 중심성 분석, LDA 토픽 모델링 등을 활용하여 게시물들의 주제와 관련한 분석 을 실시하였다. 그 결과 대부분의 지역에서 업무, 기관·시설, 여행, 숙소, 여가로 게시물의 주제가 분류되었 다. 이는 워케이션 참여자들은 워케이션의 정의에 맞게 일과 관광이 모두 가능한 목적지를 선호함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 기반으로 향후 워케이션 목적지 활성화를 위한 연구와 실무를 위한 시사점을 제 시하였다.

This study aims to explore the spatio-temporal characteristics of participants' preferred resorts. To accomplish this objective, we employed popular and informative Instagram posts as our primary data source for analysis. Our findings revealed that June and October were the most favored vacation periods, as determined by analyzing the temporal patterns associated with the posting dates of vacation-related posts. Furthermore, our analysis of geotagging data confirmed that Jeju, Gangwon, Gangneung, Sokcho, Tongyeong, Geoje, Busan, and Goheung were significant workation destinations. Consistent with previous research, we observed a strong inclination towards natural tourist destinations, particularly those situated along coastal areas. Moreover, we conducted keyword analysis, centrality analysis, and LDA topic modeling to analyze the content of the posts. This analysis identified keywords such as business, institution/facility, travel, lodging, and leisure as pivotal. Consequently, it was evident that workation tourists gravitate towards destinations that offer opportunities for both work and tourism, aligning with the definition of workation. Based on our research findings, we present implications for both research and practice aimed at stimulating the future vitality of workation destinations.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of job stress, depression and perceived health status on job satisfaction among child care teachers. Methods: Data were from a convenient sample of 169 child care teachers with self-administered questionnaires from January 5th to 30th, 2015. Collected data were analysed using SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Child care teachers had upper-medium level of perceived health status, lower level of depression and job stress and above medium level of job satisfaction. Affecting factors of job satisfaction among child care teachers included depression, and job stress (Adj.R2=.58, F=78.60, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that development of emotional supportive program and supportive system are needed to increase the job satisfaction among child care teachers. Exploration of strategies to reduce the depression and job stress will be necessary in order to increase the job satisfaction.

세계의 여러 국가는 고등교육의 가치가 국가경쟁력과 직결된다는 인식에 따라 대학교육의 역량강화를 위한 다양한 개혁을 추진하고 있다. 최근 중국은 전통과 현대의 조화라는 목표에 따라 중국적 고등교육 체계의 개혁을 위해 노력하고 있다. 본 논문은 중국대학의 교양교육운영 체계와 내용을 검토하고, 이를 근거로 개혁과제를 도출하고 있다. 이를 위해 분석대상으로 베이징(北京)대학과 칭화(淸華)대학을 선정하였다. 중국은 1992년 이후 실시한 ‘211공정’, ‘985공정’ 등의 대형 고등교육 개혁 프로젝트로부터 교육개혁의 단초를 열었다. 중국 정부는 대학을 21세기의 종합형, 연구형, 개방형의 대학을 만들고, 일부 대학과 일부 학과를 세계 수준의 대학으로 건설하겠는 목표를 표방하였다. 특히 세계 흐름에 부합하는 인재육성을 위해 학부생 단계에서 문화소질교육(文化素質敎育) 또는 통식교육(通識敎育) 등의 교양교육을 시행하였다. 그러나 전통 중심적 틀을 극복하지 못하고 있다. 중국 대학의 교양교육 체계가 내재하고 있는 문제점에 따른 개혁의 방향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기초교육과정 선택시간의 충분한 할애해야 한다. 둘째, 탄력적인 학부제 운영을 해야 한다. 셋째, 교양교육의 정확한 목표 설정이 필요하다. 넷째, 읽고 쓰고 토론하는 교학방법으로 학생들이 학습을 주도하는 강독, 토론식 수업을 하도록 유도해야 한다. 중국 대학의 교양교육은 현대사회가 요구하는 전형적인 인재를 양성하기 위한 교양교육의 중요성과 함께 좀 더 폭넓은 시야를 가지고 체계화해야 할 것이다.

As university education, that is, the status of higher education is connected with national competitive power, many countries have paid great attention to its reform. China also intends to reorganize its higher education system for reform of university education under the conflicts between tradition and modernism. Since its reform and opening up, as the Chinese economy has developed and accordingly Chinese socialism has formed, China has had to find their own educational methods under the socialist market economy. To nurture competitive global elites, Chinese universities have had liberal education, that is, culturally-talented education conducted at the stage of bachelor programs. Recently, China has provided education focusing on reading oriental and western classics beyond liberal education centering on introduction or history. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the current status of liberal education in China, focusing on the educational systems and developmental process used in Chinese universities before examining the liberal education they provide. For this purpose, the current status of liberal education provided in Beijing and Tsinghua University, and future challenges were identified. In understanding the liberal education provided by Chinese universities, it is suggested that the directions and measures for Korean liberal education can definitely be verified. Liberal university education in China started with the reform projects in higher education such as the ‘211 Educational Reform’ and the ‘985 Educational Reform’ after early and mid 1992. The Chinese government classified universities into general, research and open colleges and declared that it would develop some of universities and departments to be world-class. Current liberal education in China was suffering, by not freeing itself from Chinese nature after the early and mid-1990s. Liberal education in Chinese universities have a few challenges to overcome. If so, what are the problems? First, enough time to select a basic curriculum should be given. Students should be able to adjust their time freely and arrange their own curriculum depending on their selection of subjects so that they can take classes when they want. Second, a bachelor program should be managed elastically. Students who can not acquire the credits defined within four years are allowed to add two years and finish their bachelor's program within six years. Third, students should be encouraged to read, write and debate voluntarily during class. The liberal education in Chinese universities should understand this importance and have wider perspectives to nurture the typical elites required by modern society.

운동학 학술지, 2010, 12(3): 25-33. 24주간의 수중운동이 노인의 신체조성, 건강관련 체력 및 삶의 질에 미치는 효과. [서론]노인인구의 증가 추세와 더불어 보건, 의료, 복지 등의 노인문제가 제기되고 있으며, 가장 주목할 만한 변화는 65세 이상 노인인구의 현저한 증가이다. 이에, 보건, 의료, 복지 등의 노인문제를 해결하기 위해서는 노인들의 체력적 개념들과 삶의 질의 관계를 실증적으로 규명하는 연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 장기간의 수중운동프로그램이 노인들의 신체구성, 건강관련 체력 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 분석한 후, 운동건강 및 복지 증진프로그램을 계획하는데 근거자료를 제공하고자 한다. [방법] 본 연구는 65세 이상의 남(13),여(77) 노인 총 90명을 대상으로 신체구성은 Inbody 2.0을 이용하여 체중, 체지방율, 근육량, 허리둘레/엉덩이둘레 비율을 측정했고, 건강관련 체력에서 근력은 악력을, 근지구력은 의자에서 일어섰다 앉기, 유연성은 앉아서 윗몸 앞으로 굽히기, 평형성은 눈뜨고 외발서기, 민첩성은 244cm 왕복걷기를 측정했다. 삶의 질은 주관적 건강인지, 신체활동능력, 일상생활 능력, 신체통증 정도, 활동력 정도, 사회성 능력, 삶의 느낌, 삶의 만족을 조사하였다. 수 중운동프로그램은 1일 총 60분으로 준비운동, 정리운동은 10분, 본 운동인 수중운동은 40분으로 구성하였다. 운동 강도는 70%의 수준으로 하였으며, 운동 빈도는 주3회, 24주간 진행되었다. [결과] 첫째, 신체구성 변화에서 남성노인은 체지방율, 허리둘레/엉덩이둘레의 비율이 유의하게 감소했고, 여성노인은 근육량은 유의하게 증가했고, 체지방율, 허리둘레/엉덩이둘레의 비율은 유의하게 감소했다. 둘째, 건강관련 체력 변화에서 남성노인은 근력, 근지구력에서 유의하게 향상되었고, 여성노인은 근력, 근지구력, 유연성, 평형성, 민첩성에서 유의하게 향상되었다. 셋째, 삶의 질 변화에서 남성노인은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 여성노인은 주관적인 건강상태, 신체활동 능력, 신체통증 정도에서 유의하게 향상되었다. [결론] 노령인구를 대상으로 수행되는 운동건강 및 복지 증진프로그램을 계획하는데 판 단 근거자료로서 중요한 기능을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

KINESIOLOGY, 2010, 12(3): 25-33. Effects of Water Exercise Program for 24 Weeks on The Body Composition, Health Related Fitness, and Quality of Life in Elders. [INTRODUCTION] The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of long term water exercise program on the body composition, health related fitness, and quality of life in the aged men and women. [METHOD] Thirteen healthy aged men and 77 aged women participated in the water exercise program voluntarily. The water exercise program was practiced for 60 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 24 weeks. The physiological data were collected before and after water exercise program. The paired-t test were used for finding the significances of mean differences(p<.05). [RESULT] In the body composition, percentage of body fat and waist-to-hip ratio were effectively decreased in the male elders. Also the muscle mass in the female elders were significantly increased, and percentage of body fat and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly decreased. In the health related fitness, strength and endurance were markedly increased in the male elders, and the strength, endurance, flexibility, and balance of the female elders were significantly increased. In the quality of life, subjective health evaluation, ability of physical activity, and physical pain values were positively changed in the female elders. but not in the male elders. [CONCLUSION] Long term water exercise program has the positive effects on the body composition, health related fitness, and quality of life in the aged men and women.

We study behavior of numerical solutions for a nonlinear eigenvalue problem on ℝⁿ that is reduced from a dispersion managed nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The solution operator of the free Schrödinger equation in the eigenvalue problem is implemented via the finite difference scheme, and the primary nonlinear eigenvalue problem is numerically solved via Picard iteration. Through numerical simulations, the results known only theoretically, for example the number of eigenpairs for one dimensional problem, are verified. Furthermore several new characteristics of the eigenpairs, including the existence of eigenpairs inherent in zero average dispersion two dimensional problem, are observed and analyzed.

본 연구 목적은 고지방식이 동물의 간 조직에서 크리신 투여 또는 중강도운동이 Inflammasome과 thermogenesis 유전자 발현의 차이를 규명하고자 시도되었다. 본 연구를 위해 정상식이군, 고지방식이군, 고지방식이+크리신 투여군, 고지방식이+중강도 운동군으로 분류한 후, 크리신 투여군은 16주간 50 mg/kg 농도로 투여하였으며, 운동군은 최대산소섭취량의 60-75%의 중강도 운동으로 실시되었다. 연구결과 크리신 그리고 중강도운동군은 지방조직, 간조직 무게 그리고 지방세포 크기가 고지방식이 군과 비교해 유의하게 감소하였다. Inflammasome 유전자 변화는 크리신 투여군 그리고 중강도 운동군에서 NLRP3. ASC, Casepase1 mRNA 발현이 고지방식이 군과 비교해 유의하게 감소하였다. 열발생마커로 알려진 PGC-1a, BMP7 mRNA 발현은 중강도 운동군에서만 고지방식 이군과 비교해 유의하게 증가했다. 결론적으로 중강도 운동은 고지방식이 동물에서 지방무게, Inflammasome, 그리고 열발생 유전자들의 발현을 비만을 억제하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다. 하지만 크리신 투여는 열발생 유전자 발현에는 유의한 차이를 나타내지 못하였다. 향후 연구에서는 크리신의 비만억제 효과를 규명하기 위해 투여농도 기간을 고려한 다양한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of either chrysin or exercise on the inflammasome and thermogenic markers in the livers of high-fat fed mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: normal diet control (NC; n=5), high-fat diet control (HC; n=5), high-fat diet with chrysin (Hch; n=5), and high-fat diet with moderate exercise (HME; n=5). The mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% of calories from fat) or normal diet (18% of calories from fat). Chrysin was supplemented orally as 50mg/kg/day dissolved in a 0.1ml solution of dimethyl sulfoxide. The exercised mice ran on a treadmill at 12-20 m/min for 30-60 min/day, 5 times/week, for 16 weeks. After the intervention, the epididymal fat and liver weights were significantly decreased in the HME group compared with HC and Hch groups. The adipocyte size was effectively decreased in the Hch and HME groups compared with the HC group. The inflammasome markers NLRP3, $IL-1{\beta}$, and caspase1 were significantly decreased in the Hch and HME groups compared with the HC group. The thermogenic markers $PGC-1{\alpha}$ and BMP7 were significantly lower in the HC than in the NC group. However, the HME group showed an increase in the thermogenic markers. In conclusion, chrysin and moderate exercise have positive effects on obese metabolic complications induced by high-fat diets by reducing inflammasome genes. However, chrysin supplementation had no effect on thermogenic gene expression. Moderate exercise would therefore seem to be more effective in controlling obesity-induced metabolic deregulation.

Purpose: The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore middle-aged child care providers' experience in caring for children in the community. Methods: The participants were 10 middle-aged child care providers. In-depth interviews were conducted between August and September, 2014 until data. Colaizzi's method of data analysis was applied to inductively determine themes and formulated meanings. Data saturation was achieved and methodological rigor was established Results: Four themes were extracted from 12 meanings. The four themes of the child care providers' experience in caring for children were: 1) weariness from care-giving, 2) the search for one's own solutions, 3) a cheerful attitude to life, 4) the opportunity to start a new life. Conclusion: The results of this study provide useful information for understanding child care providers' experiences in caring for children and establishing effective strategies to support these child care providers.

본 연구 목적은 고지방식이 유도 비만 쥐의 피하지방조직에서 라스베라트롤 투여가 대식세포 침윤관련 염증인자에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 위해 정상식이군, 고지방식이군, 고지방식이+라스베라트롤 투여군으로 분류한 후, 라스베라트롤 투여군은 15주간 25 mg/kg 농도로 Dimethyl Sulfoxide에 용해하여 투여하였으며, 비교군은 Dimethyl Sulfoxide 용액만을 투여하였다. 연구결과 고지방식이군은 정상식이군에 비하여 체중이 유의하게 증가하였고, 라스베라트롤 투여군에서 고지방식이 군보다 NLRP3. ASC, Casepase1 mRNA 발현이 감소하였다. 또한 염증마커로 알려진 IL-18 mRNA 발현이 라스베라트롤 투여군에서 정상식이군과 고지방식이군보다 낮게 나타났다. 대식세포 침윤 마커인 F480, CD86 mRNA 발현에서도 라스베라트롤 투여군에서 고지방식이 군보다 유의한 감소를 보였다. 따라서 라스베라트롤 투여는 고지방식이 유도 비만 상황에서 대식세포 침윤 염증과 inflammasome에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on inflammasome, inflammation, and macrophage markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue of high-fat-diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups: normal diet control (NC; n=10), high-fat diet control (HC; n=10), or high fat with resveratrol (HRE; n=10) group. The mice were fed a high-fat diet (60% of calories from fat) or normal diet (18% of calories from fat). Resveratrol dissolved in a 0.1ml solution of dimethyl sulfoxide was supplemented orally at 25 mg/kg body weight. After 15 weeks, the body weight was significantly higher in the high-fat diet group than in the normal diet group. The inflammasome markers NLRP3, ASC, and caspase1 were significantly lower in the HRE group than in the HC group. The levels of an inflammation marker, IL-18, were also significantly lower in the HRE group than in the NC and HC groups. The levels of macrophage markers F480 and CD86 were significantly lower in the HRE group than in the HC group. The levels of the M2 macrophage marker CD206 were significantly decreased in the HC and HRE groups. Resveratrol had a positive effect on ameliorating the complications of high fat diet-induced obesity by reducing inflammasome and M1 macrophage gene expressions. However, resveratrol supplementation did not reduce inflammation gene expression.

본 연구에서는 경쟁력 있는 기업으로 성장하기 위한 잠재성장 요인으로 기업 내 교육훈련을 통해 직원들의 인적자원개발이 조직성과에 영향을 미치고 있다는 실증적 분석결과를 제시함으로써 기업들의 체계적 교육훈련 등 인적자원개발에 대한 인식의 중요성과 지원강화에 대한 필요성을 제시하는 것이다. 기존의 선행연구들이 교육훈련과 기업성과와의 관계만을 검증한 반면, 본 연구는 인터넷교육의 훈련요소별 학습정도에 따라 기업성과가 달라질 수 있다는 가정 하에 실증분석을 실시하였다. 또한 교육훈련정도와 조직성과에서 직무역량과 조직몰입이 매개효과가 있을 것이라는 기초를 토대로 효과분석을 함께 시행하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인터넷교육훈련정도 중 강좌 수, 수료율은 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향이 있다. 둘째, 인터넷교육훈련정도 중 강좌 수는 재무적 직무만족에 부분매개효과가 있다. 셋째, 인터넷교육훈련정도 중 기업교육지원금비중은 이직의도에 부(-)의 영향이 있으며, 기업지원형태는 정(+)의 영향이 있다. 넷째, 통제변수인 결혼유무는 직무만족에 정(+)의 영향이 있으며, 기업규모는 이직의도에 부(-)의 영향이 있다. 본 연구의 시사점은 매개효과로 작용하는 조직몰입은 현실적인 교육계획 및 대안을 통해서 질 높은 교육훈련이 이루어짐으로써 직원들의 조직몰입은 극대화시킬 수 있다는 점이다, 그리고 인터넷교육훈련이라는 학습형태의 고도화작업을 통해서 질적 교육 콘텐츠 개발이 이루어져야 할 필요성이 있다는 부분도 함께 시사하고 있다.

The purpose of this study is to research, such as the following. And to the empirical results that affect the potential growth factors in the organization and development of human resources through staff training for enterprises to grow into a competitive enterprise. Through the analysis we propose a systematic training of the human resource development needs of the company. The results are as follows. First, the number of courses, the degree completion has had a positive effect on job satisfaction. Second, the number of courses can have a partial mediating effect on financial job satisfaction. Third, corporate education funding ratio has a negative effect and Business support form has a positive effect on turnover intentions. Fourth, the control variables of marital status has a positive effect on psychological job satisfaction and company size had a negative impact on turnover intention. The implications of this study are as follows. Organizational commitment to act as a mediating effect can be maximized through realistic training plan and quality training. There is also a need to be made a high quality education content development through the advancement of learning styles.

The purpose of this study was to review of animal-assisted therapy. Method: Animal-assisted therapies (AATs) in domestic and international studies (68 cases) were analyzed by searching databases, KERIS & KISS, and the Pub MED(NCBI). Result: In AATs, a few animals were used for the various disease or disorder. Dog centered therapies were most common.. AATs were used in the various disorder and disease. For the psychological effect, majority of the outcome variables were depression and anxiety. For the physical effect, the most outcome variables were blood pressure, heart rate, and stress hormone. However, These results show that AATs were confined to specific areas such as sensation-centered therapies. Conclusion: AATs had positive effects both in physical and psychological factors even if the study areas have not been applied to the various condition. The further research is needed to identify scientific grounds for the effects of the interventions through various therapies.

The trematodes of Genus Nasitrema are the most common infection in the heads of small odontocetes. Five species of Nasitrema have been described in Asia. But those parasites has been not surveyed in the East Sea of Korean peninsula. There are no evidence of pathology associated with Nasitrema attenuate. To determine the infection ratio of N. attenuata in the dolphin, it was surveyed 9 long-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus capensis, caught incidentally from Samcheok to Pohang, East Sea, Korea. Five males and four females, estimated to be between 1 to 10 years old, were examined. The quantity of N. attenuata harvested by aspiration from pterygoid sinuses ranged from 10 to 100 with a 100% (9/9) infection with older dolphins exhibiting higher parasite counts. The body of trematoda was elongated with tegumental patches resembling the leaves of lilies and oral sucker located ventrally at the anterior terminal. Esophagus was absent and intestinal bifurcation arose immediately from the posterior of pharynx. The undulated intestinal caeca transversed the entire body and terminated at the posterior extremity of the worm. The genital pore opened anterior to the ventral sucker. This report confirms the prevalence and morphology of N. attenuata in the dolphins from the East Sea, Korea.

Purpose: This study examined the effect of job stress, depression and perceived health status on job satisfaction among child care teachers. Methods: Data were from a convenient sample of 169 child care teachers with self-administered questionnaires from January 5th to 30th, 2015. Collected data were analysed using SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: Child care teachers had upper-medium level of perceived health status, lower level of depression and job stress and above medium level of job satisfaction. Affecting factors of job satisfaction among child care teachers included depression, and job stress ($Adj.R^2=.58$, F=78.60, p<.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that development of emotional supportive program and supportive system are needed to increase the job satisfaction among child care teachers. Exploration of strategies to reduce the depression and job stress will be necessary in order to increase the job satisfaction.

This study evaluated the thermoregulatory properties of functional thermal underwear ('heating underwear') in markets using a thermal manikin and human wear trials. One ordinary thermal underwear (ORD) and two functional thermal underwear (HEAT1 and HEAT2; manufactured goods, HEAT1: moisture absorbing heat release mechanism, HEAT2: heat storage, release mechanism) were chosen. Thermo-physiological and subjective responses were evaluated at an air temperature of $5.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and air humidity of $30{\pm}5%RH$ with five male subjects ($21.6{\pm}1.3yr$ in age, $178.0{\pm}5.9cm$ in height, $68.2{\pm}5.9kg$ in body mass). Experimental conditions consisted of four ensembles that included winter clothes (Control: no underwear, ORD, HEAT1, HEAT2). Water-vapor resistance was greater in fabric of HEAT1 than others. The results were: 1) Total thermal insulation (IT) using a thermal manikin were not greater for HEAT1 (0.860clo) and HEAT 2 (0.873clo) than for ORD (0.886clo). 2) There were no significant differences in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, heart rate and total body mass loss between the four conditions. Microclimate clothing temperature on the back was greater for ORD than for HEAT1 and HEAT2. Subjects felt more comfortable with HEAT1 than for others at rest. HEAT2 was higher in microclimate humidity when compared to other conditions. The results suggest that thermoregulatory properties of 'heating underwear' in market did not differ from those of ordinary thermal underwear in terms of total thermal insulation and thermoregulatory responses in a cold environment.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare health habit, physical health status, and perceived health status between young Korean and Korean-Chinese women. Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional comparative survey. For this study, 114 Korean women were recruited in Seoul, South Korea and 64 Korean-Chinese women in Jilin Province, China through convenience sampling. Results: A positive correlation was found between health habit and perceived health status. Perceived health status, WHR, body density, flexibility, and muscle endurance were significantly lower in Korean women than in Korean-Chinese ones. Knee flexion and ankle dorsal flexion was significantly higher in Korean women than in Korean-Chinese ones. Conclusion: Further investigation is required to compare the two different groups that share the same ethnicity and similar culture but were born into different countries. A study such as this may provide answers regarding the influence of migrated transition on health.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the research methods, topics and trend in reproductive health on women in Korea. Method: We reviewed 102 studies from the electronic database of KISS, RISS, NDSL, and PubMed, and finally selected 13 studies based on relevant criteria. Result: With regard to research methods, the majority of studies used survey research. As for the research themes, reproductive health status was most common. For study results, knowledge status of pregnancy and contraception were higher in university students. High school female students' level of sexual awareness was higher than that of male students. Around 30% of college students experienced direct sexual behavior. Ten percent of college students who had sexual experience had an unplanned pregnancy. About half of married women had experienced artificial termination of pregnancy at least once. Conclusion: The results of this study provide a basis for the improvement of women's reproductive health.