Earticle

본 논문에서는, Light Emitting Diode-Identification(LED-ID) 통신 시스템에서 LED의 온도 특성에 따른 성능저하를 보상하여 QoS를 만족하는 방법에 대하여 연구하였다. LED-ID 통신 기술은 기존 조명의 기능을 수행하는 LED를 사용하여 통신의 기능까지 동시에 구현할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이다. 본 기술은 LED의 RGB(Red Green Blue)광원을 통하여 신호를 전송하는 방법으로, RGB의 혼합 비율에 따라서 조명의 색을 결정하고, 각 RGB신호의 BER성능이 결정된다. 그러나 지속적으로 LED를 사용할 경우에 발생하는 발열 특성으로 인해 각 소자의 온도가 증가하게 되고, 이러한 소자의 발열 온도 증가로 인한 시스템의 성능 저하가 발생 하게 된다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서 이 논문에서는 LED의 지속적 사용에 따른 발열 온도 및 이로 인한 시스템의 성능저하를 분석하고, 발열 온도 특성에 따른 선택적 변조 및 부호화 기법을 적용하여 신호를 전송함으로써, 시스템의 성능 향상과 QoS를 만족하는 기법을 연구하였다.

This paper introduces the improvement of QoS to compensate the decreasing LED performance by temperature characteristic in the LED-ID communication system. LED does not only use as a lighting device, but also uses as a communication device. The conventional system is transmitted by RGB of LED following the mixture color ratio, which determined the color of lighting, and the BER performance of each RGB signals. However, when the LED used consistently, it has occurred the heat temperature. As a result, LED is degraded the performance by increased temperature each device. To solve this problem, we proposed the adaptive modulation and coding scheme by temperature of device to improve the performance of system and satisfied the QoS in the LED-ID system.

In this study, among the indoor lighting sources of a training ship, the fluorescent lamps for lighting in the passageways, emergency fire pump room, refrigerant plant room, steering gear room, and bow hydraulic pump room, which have very high lighting rates, were replaced by 40W fluorescent lamps with 17W and 20W fluorescent lamps with 11W LEDs. The analysis results of replacing the lighting sources with LEDs showed that the power consumption and carbon dioxide emissions were reduced by 62.1% when using shore power.

본고는 올림픽과 같은 메가이벤트 개최 국가ㆍ도시의 예술프로그램에 있어 기술이 갖는 의미를 도출하고자 베이징올림픽과 베이징동계올림픽의 예술프로그램에 활용된 LED기술과 문화서사의 결합에서 드러난 양상을 분석하였다. 그 결과 LED산업의 국제적 도약을 위해 올림픽을 활용한 중국은 자국의 문화와 기술력을 홍보하는 데 성공했고, 이 과정에서 중국의 역사와 문화예술을 집약한 예술프로그램은 LED를 무대장치로 이용하고, 공간의 확장과 함께 개ㆍ폐회식장의 장소성을 새롭게 창조했다는 점을 확인하였다. 또한 관객과 중계방송 시청자의 시각적ㆍ심미적 감응을 불러 일으켜 복합감각을 확장하는 데 기여하면서 자본과 기술이 결합된 규모의 스펙터클을 실현하는 가운데 빠른 무대 전환을 실현하고, 환상성을 조성함으로써 시각적 내러티브를 형성했음을 도출하였다.

This paper analyzethe combination of LED technology and cultural narratives used in art programs at the Beijing Olympics and Winter Olympics to the meaning of technology in art programs in countries and cities hosting mega events such as the Olympics. China succeeded in promoting its culture and technology by utilizing the Olympics for the LED industryinternational leap forward, and confirmed thatart programsfocused on Chinese historycultureand artused LEDs as a stage devicecreata new location for the opening and closing ceremonies along with the expansion of the space. It was also that visual and aesthetic sensations of the audience and broadcast viewers expandthe complex , realizing a rapid stage transition a spectacle of scale and creating fantasy to form visual narratives.

We measured the antioxidant activities of Oak mushroom (Lentinula edodes) in browned sawdust medium under conditions of varying LED sources and amounts of light. Consequently, exposure to 200Lx blue LED resulted in highly efficient browning; the most efficient browning was shown at 200Lx, regardless of the type of luminous source. We identified that quantities obtained with the blue luminous source increased compared to those in other treatment plots. The DPPH radical scavenging test conducted to examine antioxidant activity revealed that the red luminous source caused high radical scavenging compared to efficient browning. The fruiting body for Nongjin-go, as a treatment plot with the highest scavenging, under a 400Lx red luminous source was 34.3±1.80% and that for ‘Sanjo 701’ at a 300lx red luminous source was 32.99±1.58%. The polyphenol content, reported to be correlated with DPPH radial scavenging, showed no similar correlation in the ‘Nongjin-go’ variety. By contrast, ‘Sanjo 701’ showed a similar association.

This study analyzed the thermal properties of a thermal conductive polymer polyethylene terephthalate(PET) to make it into a heat sink and evaluated the temperature properties of 10W COB(chip on board) LED(Ligth Emitting Diode) as a heat sink. This study confirmed the composition and content of inorganic compounds in PET. As a result, carbon filler content of Samples A and B accounted for 73.93 and 61.46%, respectively. Sample B included 10% more inorganic filler(Al, Mg, Si, Ca), and its thermal conductivity was 10.9 W/mk higher than Sample A. Based on the material properties, this study compared the heat dissipation properties of 10W COB LED between PET and aluminum heat sinks. As a result, the maximum temperature of PET heat sink was 4.4℃ higher than that of aluminum heat sink, and the minimum temperature outside PET heat sink was 13.6℃ lower than that of aluminum heat sink. Based on these results, PET heat sinks are inferior to aluminum heat sinks in thermal properties. However, it is considered possible to realize various designs because they have excellent formability and lightweight properties due to the lower melting point and specific gravity.

LED communication is a communication technology to transmit data using visible light coming out from the light emitting diode(LED). It is a technique that can overcome radio frequency(RF) communication problem that is an interference between electronic devices. As a technique that can be used as lighting and communications with using LED, LED communication systems are suitable for ubiquitous environment. This paper introduces the process of data transmission algorithm for LED-ID systems algorithm using LED, photodiode(PD), and micro controller unit(MCU) and analyzes the performance of the algorithm.

First introduced in 1962, LED(light-emitting diodes) emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are now available across the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared spectrum, many with very high luminance or brightness. As a result, growing importance of potential safety harzards for human. Now when certificated of CE provide that testing through IEC/EN 62471 for any lamp. Korea standard adopted as it IEC 62471:2006, Photobiological safety of lamps and lamp systems without change, but effectiveness is incomplete. In this paper, we introduce analysis and direction that urgently come into effectiveness of KS C IEC 62471 as a national standard specifications.

열악한 광환경의 극복은 원예작물의 생육증대는 물론 고품질 생산에 있어서도 매우 중요한 역할을 할 수 있는데 이때 LED 광시스템을 이용할 경우 광합성산물의 소모를 효과적으로 줄일 수 있게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 농가 비닐하우스의 저효율, 재배연차별 경영비 상승에 따른 소득감소를 개선하고 적정한 작물생육을 유도함으로써 공장형 식물재배 환경을 마련함과 동시에 농가 소득 증대에 기여할 수 있을 것이며 LED 광처리 장치를 이용한 보광을 통해 광합성 촉진 및 생산물의 품질 향상, 식물 생장 조절이 가능할 것으로 판단되며 이를 위한 효율적 LED 광처리 장치를 개발하고 LED 광처리장치를 이용하여 잎상추를 재배한 결과 일반 형광등이나 백열전구에서 재배한 것 보다 성장 속도가 향상된 것을 알 수 있다. 보통 잎상추는 육묘에서 출하까지 수확까지 25일 ~ 30일 걸린데 반해 광처리장치의 적색광(파장:645nm)을 이용하여 재배한 잎상추는 7일 만에 수확할 수 있을 정도로 성장속도가 증가하였다. 또한 적색광(파장:645nm)과 청색광(파장:470nm)을 동시에 점등하여 재배한 칸에서는 5일만에 수확할 수 있을 정도로 빠른 성장속도를 보였다.

Overcoming harsh light environment, as well as increased growth of crops even in high-quality production can play an important role when using the LED light system of photosynthetic products will be able to effectively reduce consumption. In this study, low efficiency of farm greenhouses, growing annual reduction in income due to rising operating costs and increase crop growth by inducing the proper planting environment Factory-type raise farmers' income and at the same time will contribute to the increase of Light device using LED Supplemental through photosynthesis, promote and improve product quality, plant growth regulators are considered possible for them to develop more efficient LED devices and LED Optical processing devices of Light leaf lettuce grown using normal fluorescent or incandescent bulbs grown in the results than the growth can see that the speed improvements. Usually shipped from seedling to harvest leaf lettuce from 25 to 30, whereas optical processing device be required red light (wavelength: 645nm) using a leaf of lettuce grown enough to be harvested after seven days increased the rate of growth . In addition, red light (wavelength: 645nm) and blue light (wavelength: 470nm) emitting at the same time, room, and grown for 5 days to harvest the growth rate was fast enough.

A cooling system that applies double collision jet is studied. To create a jet, a square edge type nozzle is used as its shape. The impinging jet that composes a cooling system which applies double impinging jet is created in the single nozzle and double nozzle that correspond to each LED where the cooling zone exists. The distance between the 2nd nozzle and LED with heat sink is where the LED package is established. The main variation and the standard is examined for four different cases through the way out diameter of 1st nozzle. The examined velocity distribution and temperature distribution about the cooling system consisted of single and double nozzle. It was found that an individual LED consisting of double nozzle was efficient.

LED 기반 가시광 통신 시스템은 RF통신과 달리 인체에 무해하며, 주파수 허가를 받을 필요가 없고, 주파수 간섭이 없으며, 넓은 가시광 대역을 사용할 수 있는 시스템이다. 또한 물리적 보안 기능을 제공하며, 고속 멀티미디어 데이터 전송이 가능한 장점을 지니 고 있어 본 논문에서 가시광 통신 단말기를 구현하기 위한 적합한 변조기법을 제시하였고 구현하였다.

Visible light communication is a novel way of green communication. In this paper, we present the novel idea of wireless communication services such as indoor navigation systems, where users can tell where they are by detecting a signal from LED lights.

이 연구에서 우리는 대형 디스플레이용 게임을 위한 인터랙션 시스템인 LED-bar를 제안한다. LED-bar는 LED 막대를 이용한 포인팅 시스템으로 게임 상에서 기본이 되는 포인팅, 선택, 이동 등의 인터랙션을 제공한다. 기존의 포인팅 장치들과는 달리 LED-bar는 대형화면에서 절대적인 포인팅 위치를 제공하여 사용자가 느끼는 포인팅 위치와 실제 포인팅 위치를 일치시킬 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 원격 협업 환경에서 원격지의 사용자나 현장의 사용자가 동일한 포인팅 정보를 얻을 수 있게 해준다. 제안하는 LED-bar 시스템은 적외선 필터를 씌운 두 대 이상의 카메라와 적외선 LED가 내장된 반투명 파이프를 이용하여 조명 환경의 변화에 덜 민감하도록 구성되었다. LED-bar는 대형 디스플레이에서 게임할 때, 사용자가 포인팅하는 절대 위치를 계산하여 알려주어 사용자가 직관적으로 포인팅하거나 슈팅할 수 있게 해 준다. 뿐 아니라 사용자의 위치도 계산하여 다중사용자 게임에서 서로 타 사용자의 위치가 어디인지를 파악할 수 있게 하는 장점이 있다.

This paper presents an LED-bar based pointing and interaction tool which may be used for large display games to point at a specific location on the display screen and pick items. Different from previous pointing tools, LED-bar provides absolute pointing location on a large display screen. Proposed LED-bar is based on infrared LEDs that are placed in a translucent bar shape pipe. For robust detection under illumination changes, cameras with IR filters were used for infrared LED-bar detection. For computing pointing locations on the screen, pointing devices’ orientation as well as location was estimated using two or more calibrated cameras. LED-bar is an inexpensive, eye-safe, and intuitive interaction tool that may be used for most non-desktop games. Using LED-bar, user's location as well as the pointing direction is computed. Computed user's location may be used for collaboration in multi-user games.

This article describes a LED illumination infrastructure for ubiquitous society based on the Visible Light Communication technology. The VLC is one of the advanced communication system using “Visible Light”. The VLC system has a lot of advantageous features and can be used in various places for the next future generation. So, we analyzed ubiquitous service model based on the VLC system and some applications. And we renewed discussion about LED illumination infrastructure for u-Society.

The attractions of Lycoriella ingenua to different LED light sources were investigated in the mushroom cultivations which were located in Yongin of Gyeonggi-do province and Buyeo of Chungcheongnam-do Province. The LED light sources which were used in the investigations were white, green, red, blue and orange. Numbers of Lycoriella ingenua to LED lights in Yongin and Buyeo were 132.9 and 3,272.5 to white LED source, 120.3 and 3,109.5 to green LED source, 105.5 and 1,910.1 to red LED source, 88.3 and 2,708.3 to blue LED source and 46.7 and 2,465.5 to orange LED source, respectively. The numbers of Lycoriella ingenua to LED light sources were 2.7~3.5 times higher than the ones of untreated.

이 논문에서는 음악 등의 오디오 신호를 사용하여 LED 조명을 제어하는 새로운 기술을 제안하였다. 음악이 플레이 되고 있을 때에 그 음악의 스펙트럼과 매칭되는 조명이 플레이되면 인간의 뇌가 느끼는 감성은 더욱 증폭될 수 있다. 제안된 기술은 오디오 신호가 갖고 있는 주파수 스펙트럼을 가시광선의 스펙트럼으로 매핑하여 LED 조명을 플레이되고 있는 음악과 매칭시킨다. 이 논문을 바탕으로 프로토타입(prototype) 조명기를 제작하여 인간의 청각과 시각의 감성을 매칭시키는 스펙트럼간의 상관관계를 찾는 연구가 계속되어야 한다.

In this paper, a new LED lighting technique using music is presented. When music plays, lighting matched with the playing music can make listeners more comfortable. Proposed technique matches frequency spectrum of the playing audio signals with spectrum of the visible ray for LED lighting. Through testing of the prototype system based on this paper, matching performance for psychological lighting can be higher.

이 연구는 무용 공연에 있어 필수요소인 LED 조명이 지니는 광학적 특성을 알아보고 LED 조명기의 사용을 무용 작품에 대입시켜 조명 디자인을 분석하고 그 효과를 알아보는 데 목적이 있다. 무용 작품 속에서 LED 조명을 활용한 조명 디자인을 분석한 결과, 과거의 할로겐 조명보다 긍정적인 효과를 나타내었다. 첫째, LED 조명의 균일한 빛의 분포는 무용수의 전체적인 움직임을 보여주었다. 둘째, 장면에 빠른 전환에 도움을 주었다. 셋째, 할로겐과 유사한 색상을 나타내는 LED 조명은 무용 공연 제작에 경제적인 이점을 드러내었다. 무용 공연에서 LED 조명의 활용은 무용수와 안무가에게 좋은 환경을 제공하며 향후 무용 공연 제작에 도움을 줄 것으로 생각된다.

The purpose of this study is to know optical characteristic of LED lighting, which is essential in dance performance, and analyze a lighting design by substituting use of LED lighting equipment in dance works and find out its effect. As a result of analyzing lighting design which uses LED lighting in dance work, it showed more positive effect than Halogen lighting in the past. First, even light distribution of LED lighting showed entire movement of dancers. Second, it gave help to fast conversion of scenes. Third, LED lighting that represent similar colors with Halogen revealed economic benefits in production of dance performance. It is considered that use of LED lighting in dance performance will provide dancers and choreographers with a good environment and give help to dance performance production in the future.

최근에는 물체의 움직임을 감지하는 기술은 에너지 절약, 충돌방지, 자동문 개폐 등 다양한 분야에 적용되 고 있다. 도플러 센서는 기존의 적외선 센서, 초음파 센서들의 문제점을 보완할 수 있는 센서로 온도, 잡음, 먼지 등 과 같은 주변 환경에 큰 영향을 받지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 24시간 점등되어 있는 LED조명등을 도플러 센서로 물 체가 감지 될 때만 ON, 없을 때는 OFF상태로 전환하고, LED조명등의 조도를 2단으로 제어하는 컨버터를 개발하였다. 개발된 도플러 센서 모듈과 절전형 제어 컨버터를 주차장등에 적용하여 절전 효과를 증명하였다

Recently, techniques for detecting the movement of the object of energy saving, impact prevention, such as automatic door opening and closing has been applied to various fields. Doppler sensor does not receive a large impact on the environment, such as conventional infrared ray sensor, a problem with an ultrasonic sensor as a sensor which can compensate the temperature, noise, dust and so on. In this paper, when the object to be detected, the LED lamp is turned on 24 hours a Doppler sensor ON, if not switch to the OFF state, the illumination of the LED lamp has been developed for controlling the two-stage converter. Doppler sensor developed by applying the converter module and the power-saving control section leader and demonstrated the power savings.