Earticle

북한의 비핵화 의지에 힘입어 최근 남북관계가 개선되었다. 이는 수출에 긍 정적 요소로 작용할 뿐만 아니라, 북한경제가 성장하면 남한과 북한의 경제통 합에도 긍정적인 효과를 줄 수 있을 것이다. 현재, 현실화 가능성이 높은 남북 경제협력사업은 남북철도와 도로연결사업, 경수로사업, 자원개발사업, 개성공단, 금강산사업, 조선협력단지, 한강하구 공동이용사업 등의 7개 사업이다. 남북한의 경제협력은 한민족의 발전을 더욱 강화하는 강력한 시너지 효과를 이끌어 낼 뿐만 아니라, 동북아 지역의 경제성장에 있어서도 중요한 동력으로 작용할 것이라 본다. 이처럼 남북한의 경제협력을 위시한 남북교류의 확대는 지식재산권 협력으로 귀결된다. 경제협력과 지식재산권의 협력은 경제성장에 필연적이라 할 수 있는데, 남북한의 정치적 특수성으로 인하여 경제협력 경험 이 적어 지식재산권 협력에도 많은 어려움이 있는 것이 사실이다. 남북한의 경제협력 및 지식재산권 협력 방안의 모색은 우리와 지리, 정치, 경제 관계가 매우 유사한 중국과 대만 간의 경험을 참고할 수 있을 것이다. 줄 곧 ‘하나의 중국’을 내세워 정치 및 경제관계를 유지하고 있는 중국과 대만의 지식재산권 협력 경험을 거울삼아 남북한 경제협력으로 인한 지식재산권 협력 에 좋은 시사점을 제시할 수 있을 것이라 생각된다.

Inter-Korean relations have recently improved on the back of the North’s willingness to denuclearize. This will be not only effect positive factor for the South’s export, but could also have a positive effect on economic integration between South and North Korea as the North Korean economy grows. Currently, the seven inter-Korean economic cooperation projects are more likely to be realized, which includes the connection of inter-Korean railways and roads, the light-water reactor project, the resource development project, the Kaesong Industrial Complex, the Mount Geumgang project, the shipbuilding cooperation complex and the joint use of the Han River estuary project. Inter-Korean economic cooperation will not only create a strong synergy effect that further strengthens the development of the Korean people, but will also play an important driver for economic growth in Northeast Asia. The expansion of inter-Korean exchanges, which are aimed at economic cooperation between two Koreas, results in the cooperation of intellectual property. Economic cooperation and the cooperation in intellectual property rights are necessary for economic growth. Nonetheless, it is true that there are many difficulties in cooperation with intellectual property rights because of the lack of experience in economic cooperation due to the political specificity of the two Koreas. When searching for the measures of cooperation in economic and intellectual property right between two Koreas, we could refer to the experience between China Taiwan, which is very similar to our geography, politics, and economic relations. Based on the experience between China and Taiwan in intellectual property rights as maintaining political and economic relations under the slogan of “one china”, the study will suggest good implications for the cooperation of intellectual property rights through inter-Korean economic cooperation.

본 연구는 남북관계의 교착상태(gridlock) 속에서 지방정부의 역할에 주목하고 도시들의 특성은 살리면서 시너지를 낼 수 있는 협력 방안에 대한 고민에서 착안 하였다. 경기도와 강원도의 접경지역 도시들은 그동안 남북교류협력 사업과 관련 하여 협력보다는 독자적 사업 추진에 집중해왔다. 그 이유는 첫째, 남북교류협력 사업은 중앙정부인 통일부가 독점적 권한을 갖고 있는 사업 영역으로 지방정부가 개입될 여지가 많지 않았고, 둘째, 지방정부들 간 협력 네트워크 및 경험도 부재한 상황이었다. 이러한 맥락에서 연구자들은 네트워크 도시와 평화경제의 개념을 결 합하여 접경지역 내 도시 간 협력 가능성을 검토한다. 이를 위해 먼저 네트워크 도 시 및 평화경제의 개념을 살펴보고, 란트스타트 및 라인루르 지역 도시군 등 유럽 사례에 대한 검토를 바탕으로 평화경제 네트워크 도시 개념을 제시하면서 이러한 개념을 경기도 서북부 접경도시인 고양시·김포시·파주시에 적용한다. 연구자들은 이들 3개 도시에 대한 여건 분석 및 이들 도시들이 추진하고 있는 남북교류 및 평 화경제 사업 분석을 통해 고양·김포·파주를 연결하는 평화경제 네트워크 도시의 가능성을 진단한다.

One of the issues that emerged in the process of revising the Inter-Korean Exchange and Cooperation Act is that the Act acts as an obstacle to inter-Korean exchange and cooperation by local governments. The purpose of this study is to understand why local governments are actively pursuing inter-Korean exchange and cooperation projects despite these obstacles, and to examine the possibility of a peace economy network city in the northwestern region of Gyeonggi-do by comparing of two overseas cases, such as Randstad, Rhine-Ruhr region. This paper presents a desirable direction for a network city in the northwestern part of Gyeonggi-do through a review of the case of network cities in Netherland and Germany.

본 연구는 남북한의 교류협력의 과정에서 전시산업이 어떠한 영향을 줄 수 있으며 그로 인한 협력 방안은 무엇인지 독일의 선 통일 사례를 통해 밝혀내고자 하였다. 남 북한의 교류협력에 대한 현황을 분석하고 독일의 통일 사례에서 전시산업이 어떠한 역 할을 하였는지 분석한 후 남북한에 적용할 수 있는 부분에 대하여 도출하는 것이 연구 의 가장 큰 목적이었다. 앞으로 남북한 간의 교류협력 사례에서 MICE산업이 어떠한 역 할을 담당할 수 있는지에 대해서 먼저 통일의 역사를 겪는 독일을 통해 알아보고자 하 였다. 남북 교류협력을 위해 첫째 마이스를 통한 새로운 가치창출로 북한의 MICE에 대한 관점을 변화시키는 것이다. 둘째는 남북간의 접촉이 확대되어야 하겠다는 것이다. 셋째 는 북한이 MICE 산업에 대한 이해할 수 있도록 노력해야 한다는 것이다.

This study shows that the exhibition industry can have an effect on the exchange and cooperation between the two Koreas. Through the case of German unification, we find out how to cooperate each other. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the current status of exchange and cooperation between the two Koreas and to analyze the role of the exhibition industry in the unification case of Germany, and to derive the measures applicable to the two Koreas. For inter-Korean exchange and cooperation, the first is to change the viewpoint of North Korea's MICE by creating new values. Second, the inter-Korean contacts should be expanded. Third, North Korea should try to understand the MICE industry.

본 연구는 남북 태권도 교류가 한반도 평화 정착과 통일 준비 과정에서 수행할 수 있는 기능과 원리 를 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 실천 가능한 교류 모델과 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 특히 한국전쟁 이후 세계태권도연맹(WT)과 국제태권도연맹(ITF)으로 분화된 태권도 구조 속에서 남북 교 류의 가능성을 탐색하고자 한다. 연구 결과는 남북 태권도 교류는 단순한 스포츠 교류를 넘어 갈등 관리, 신뢰 형성, 제도 통합, 통일 준비로 이어지는 장기 전략의 핵심 축으로 기능할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 WT-ITF 합동시범은 국제 사회에 남북한의 평화 메시지를 시각적으로 전달하는 효과적인 스포츠외교 수단이었다. 또한 전문가 델 파이 분석과 선행연구를 통해 합동시범의 정례화, 청소년 및 지도자 교류 확대, WT-ITF 공동위원회 운 영, 그리고 지방자치단체 및 국제기구와의 다자적 협력 체계 구축이 지속 가능한 평화 정책을 위한 실질 적인 방안으로 제시되었다. 태권도는 남북이 공유하는 민족적 정체성과 글로벌 올림픽 종목이라는 이중 적 특성을 활용하여 한반도 평화를 위한 ‘스포츠외교의 플랫폼’으로 발전할 잠재력을 지니고 있다. 남 북 태권도 교류는 정치적 긴장 상황에서도 신뢰를 구축하는 안전판 역할을 수행할 수 있다. 정책적으로 WT-ITF 공동위원회 상설화, 합동시범 및 단일팀 운영 정례화 등 제도적 기반을 마련하는 것이 중요하다.

Objectives This study aims to analyze the functions and principles that inter-Korean Taekwondo exchanges can perform in the process of establishing peace and preparing for unification on the Korean Peninsula. Based on this analysis, it seeks to derive practical exchange models and policy implications. In particular, it explores the potential for inter-Korean exchanges within the dualistic structure of Taekwondo, which was divided into the World Taekwondo (WT) and the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) after the Korean War. Methods To achieve the research objective, a literature review method was employed. Academic papers, policy reports from government and international organizations (e.g., IOC, WT, ITF), and media reports were collected and analyzed. The study comprehensively examined the historical context and symbolism of inter-Korean Taekwondo exchanges, specific cases of joint WT-ITF demonstrations, and the related policy environment and institutional foundations. Results The study found that inter-Korean Taekwondo exchanges can serve as a central pillar of a long-term strategy encompassing conflict management, trust-building, institutional integration, and preparation for unification, extending beyond simple sports exchanges. The joint WT-ITF demonstrations, in particular, proved to be an effective means of sports diplomacy, visually conveying a message of peace on the Korean Peninsula to the international community. Conclusions Taekwondo has the potential to develop into a "platform for sports diplomacy" for peace on the Korean Peninsula by leveraging its dual characteristics as a shared ethnic heritage and a global Olympic sport. Inter-Korean Taekwondo exchanges can act as a safety net for building trust, even in times of political tension. From a policy perspective, it is crucial to establish an institutional foundation, such as the permanent establishment of a WT-ITF joint committee and the regularization of joint demonstrations and unified teams.

This study attempts to analyze current situations of Tourism exchanges and cooperation between South and North Korea with new relations. It also aimed to find good suggestions with cultural and economical matters. North Korea has been the most isolated and disconnected nation. Today, North Korea is still trying to find new tourism partners and attract foreign tourist for the state’s national income and economic planning. To diversity and boost its tourism capability, tourism exchanges and cooperation are necessary to ensure the security of the North Korea’s regime. Focused on Kyongnam provicne, several answers are suggested. First, cooperation project or cultural exchanges could be reliable on International Tourism Organizations(UNWTO, UNESCO). Second, exchannges and cooperation projects for youth are needed. Third, sports projects are also needed to expand joint opportunities. Fourth, residents’ perceptions about this matter of local government programs. Last, based on upper suggestions, long-term road map to promote economic cooperation and exchanges.

중국과 대만 양안 간의 교류는 우리나라와는 달리 중국정부의 주도하에 ‘하나의 중국’의 원칙과 ‘일국양제(一國兩制)’제도를 통한 통일정책을 추진하고 있다. 또한, 중국과 대만은 경제ㆍ사회 등 각 분야의 교류 확대를 추진하면서 양안 간의 지역경제 통합을 위한 법제 시스템 확립을 위해 다양한 노력을 시행하고 있다. 즉, 중국과 대만 양안 간 경제교류 협력 정책의 제도화, 중국의 개혁ㆍ개방정책 시행에 따른 민ㆍ상사 법제 확립, 양안 실리를 반영한 경제교류 협력의 법제화, 중국과 대만 양안 간의 경제통합을 위한 ‘해협양안 경제협력 체제협정’(Economic Cooperation Framework Arrangement: ECFA) 체결, 중국과 대만 양안 간의 상사 및 투자분쟁해결 제도를 확립하고 있다. 상술한 중국과 대만 양안 간의 경제교류 협력을 위한 법제의 특징을 통해 향후 남북한 경협교류협력 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 법적인 문제들을 실질적으로 해결하기 위하여 (1) 남북한 간의 지속적인 인적교류를 위한 관련 법제 확립, (2) 남북 경제교류 협력을 위한 정책의 법제화, (3) 북한 경제특구에 대한 다양한 활성화 방안을 위한 법제 마련, (4) 남북한 상사 및 투자 분쟁해결제도의 실효성을 위한 후속조치 마련, (5) 남북한 간의 사법공조 협의의 필요성 등을 고려해 볼 수 있을 것이다.

Unlike Korea, cross-strait exchanges between China and Taiwan are pursuing a unification policy based on the principle of ‘One China’ and ‘One Country, Two Systems’ under the leadership of the Chinese government. The characteristics of the cross-strait exchanges and cooperation policy between China and Taiwan are that China’s government-led unification policy, promotion of private economic exchange and cooperation centered on ‘Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits’ and ‘Straits Exchange Foundation’ and cross-strait economic cooperation are the important factors in promoting political integration in the medium to long term, which form a complementary cooperative relationship through economic exchanges between Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. In addition, China and Taiwan are carrying out various efforts to establish a legislation system for regional economic integration between China and Taiwan while expanding exchanges in various fields such as economy and society. That is to say, (1) institutionalization of cross-strait economic exchanges and cooperation policies between China and Taiwan, (2) establishment of civil and commercial legislation in accordance with China’s reform and opening policy, (3) the legislation of the economic exchanges and cooperation reflecting the practicality of the cross-strait, (4) conclusion of an ‘Economic Cooperation Framework Arrangement (ECFA)’ for cross-strait economic integration between China and Taiwan, and (5) cross-strait commercial and investment dispute settlement system between China and Taiwan. In order to solve the legal problems that may arise in the course of inter-Korean economic cooperation in the future through the above-mentioned characteristics of the legislation for cross-strait economic exchanges and cooperation between China and Taiwan, the following points can be considered: (1) establishment of relevant legislation for human interchange between the two Koreas; (2) the legalization of policy for inter-Korean economic exchanges and cooperation; (3) preparation of legislation for various activations of the Special Economic Zone in North Korea, (4) establishment of follow-up measures for the effectiveness of the South-North Korean commercial and investment dispute settlement system, and (5) necessity of consultation between the two Koreas on judicial assistance.

This article examines the reasons “why Cross-Strait exchanges have expanded between the Republic of China(Taiwan) and the People’s Republic of China whereas similar developments have not occurred between the two Koreas.” There are three variables that are of special importance, interactions between the Taipei and Beijing compared with Seoul and Pyongyang, domestic political factors, and the role/attitude of United States. The growth of South Korean democracy dating back to 2000, and the development of a separate Taiwanese ‘identity’ are both significant political factors. In the international sphere, the United States is similarly important in both Cross-strait exchanges and inter-Korean relations, albeit its role has been markedly different in each case. First, the Chinese and Korean case there has been a general trend in the direction of increased exchanges. Second, domestically, both Taiwan and South Korea have begun to become post-ideological societies, with a far more practical and realistic attitude to their respective ‘rivals.’ Third, Domestic political conflicts that surround Cross-Strait policy in Taiwan and North-related policy in South Korea have been intensified as a result of changes in governments following elections. Fourth, while the United States remains a crucial partner of both South Korea and Taiwan, its influence in the region is less and less diminishing. On the other hand, the differences between the inter-Korean and the Cross-Strait are also numerous. First of all, security issues between the two Koreas have taken precedence over other competing political and economic issues. As Cross-Strait relations advanced as a result of non-political interactions between Taiwan and the mainland, the role of security or political concerns take a back seat. Another factor that has led to instability in North-South relations is a lack of institutionalization of those relations, the two Koreas do not recognize one another diplomatically, and therefore do not maintain formal or stable links. Such issues are added to by the fact that there are two competing and antagonistic methods of dealing with the issues related to North Korea in South Korean politics; the internationalist approach that seeks to build an international consensus to deal with North Korea, and the nationalist approach that seeks to deal with North Korean related issues through North-South dialogue. Similarly in Taiwan, there are two major approaches to dealing with the mainland, the first in the ‘One China’ approach – i.e. Chinese nationalism –the second is the ‘Taiwanese identity’ approach – i.e. Taiwanese nationalism, or separatism. International relations and the role of the United States also cannot be ignored. Whereas in inter-Korean relations, the United States continues to play an important role because of North Korea’s nuclear program, it has become a more peripheral player in Cross-Strait relations.

Changes in North Korean legislation are quite important for inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation. Because the flow of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation so far has only been done in one direction from South to North Korea, the legal system that supported them was bound to be based on North Korean law. I would like to predict that the legislative volume of the sub-legal codes will increase more and the contents of them will be subdivided in North Korea. Legislation will be further developed in areas that target foreigners, and used to strengthen and protect the power of the ruling class. There will be more legislation related to the tax system. Those changes in North Korean legislation will affect inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation. It is time to grasp in advance the various issues that may arise in that and set up countermeasures to preemptively handle them.

This paper aims to provide an adequate theoretical interpretation of the South Korean government’s North Korea policy led by Kim Dae Jung with a particular focus on his attempts to promote inter-Korean trade under political hostility. It finds the so-called ‘J?ngky?ng Bulli’ initiative and permission of inter-Korean contact through multiple channels as key elements that facilitated uninterrupted growth of trade between the two Koreas while the military confrontation still prevailed. As a preliminary analytical framework to explain the substantial changes in inter-Korean relations during the Kim Dae Jung presidency, this paper proposes complex interdependence model as an ideal type of relationship. The model reflects a key pattern of changes in international relations, typified by transnational interaction and asymmetrical reciprocity, and these notions also create a backdrop that generated the Kim Dae Jung policy in establishing improved economic exchanges with the DPRK.

Now we are experiencing a major transition from ‘Big Government’ to ‘Big Society.’ NGOs are the main actors in ‘Big Society.’ If that transition is to be achieved in ways to serve the needs of the people, governments and individuals should assume a responsibility for strengthening institutional underpinnings of civil society. The situation applies to the Korean unification process. Inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation are a very useful method to realize reconciliation between South and North Korea, and its activation through NGOs may contribute to unification process. This research focuses on the point that the activation of private sectors is necessary in inter-Korean relations, which show changes with the Sunshine Policy. Expanding inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation particularly in social and cultural areas will be a realistic way for promoting reconciliation between the two Koreas. Recovering national homogeneity between the two can also be achieved in social and cultural areas. In this vein, inter- Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation should be expanded further. In addition, NGOs’ participation in a field of unification and inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation should also be expanded. NGOs can be a trouble-solving broker which can deal with issues difficult for the government. Exchanges and cooperation are tangible methods for rapprochement between the two Koreas. In particular, active inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation through the activities of NGOs can be conductive to consolidating a foundation for reunification and common social and cultural community in that it is based on a voluntary participation of civil society. This article analyzes inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation and role of NGOs. Recognizing the necessity of improving exchanges in private sectors, this study proposes a plan to encourage inter-Korean socio-cultural exchanges and cooperation.

This study is prompted by the recognition that, despite North and South Korea main-taining their common goal of unification, internal political disturbances have hindered direct contact between the two nations. In a period where the prolonged division be-tween the countries underscores the importance of identifying heterogeneity over eth-nic homogeneity, sustainable contact becomes imperative to bridge the gap. Arts and Culture serve as effective tools for establishing contacts. This paper seeks to explore a structure for South Korea to maintain contact with North Korea through arts and culture. The goal is to ensure the continuity of contact with North Korea and lay the groundwork for promoting ideas related to inter-Korean arts and culture exchanges as sustainable projects. Accordingly, this study examines the possibility of enacting the “South and North Korea Arts & Culture Exchange Act for Sustainable Contact,” establishing an organization based on the Act, and discovering and implementing sustainable culture and arts exchange contact projects between the two Koreas.

남북 지방간 교류협력은 한반도의 비핵화, 평화체제 구축 및 통일이후 북한지역의 성공적인 지방자치 정착을 위해 필수불가결하다. 남북 지방간 교류협력을 추진하기 위해서는 남한 지방자치단체의 파트너가 존재하여야 하는데, 북한지역에는 형식상․외관상지방행정기관이 헌법과 지방주권기관법에 의해 조직되어 있다. 본고에서는 지방인민위원회가 남북 지방간 교류협력의 상대방으로 지방인민위원장이 각종 합의서의 서명권자로 적합하다고 판단하였다. 남북 지방간 교류협력의 법적 근거는 헌법 전문상 통일명제와 지방자치단체의 협력고권에서 도출된다. 헌법규범의 일부로서 헌법전문상 통일명제는 모든 국가기관을 구속하며 지방자치단체는 헌법에 의하여 만들어진 단체임과 동시에 헌법에 의해 국가의 한 구성부분으로 보장되고 있다는 점에서 이에 구속된다고 보는 것이 타당할 것이다. 또한, 남북 지방간 교류협력은 중앙정부가 담당하는 통일사무를 침범하지 않는 한 또는 법률이 특별히 이를 금지하지 않는 한 협력고권을 근거로 남북 지방간 교류협력을 진행하는것은 가능하다. 현재, 남북 도시자매결연 체결과 관련하여 직접적으로 규율하고 있는 법규정은 없다. 이와 관련하여 새로운 법률을 제정하는 방식이 아닌 기존 법률 예컨대, 지방자치법, 남북관계발전법, 남북교류협력법, 남북협력기금법, 대외무역법, 외국환거래법, 테러자금금지법의 제․개정을 통해 이를 해결하는 방안을 제시하였다. 남북 도시자매결연 합의서는 국제법적 구속력이 있는 조약의 형태로 체결할 가능성은 매우 낮다. 그럼에도 불구하고 남북 도시자매결연 합의서는 국제계약의 일종으로 법적 구속력이 도출될 가능성이있기 때문에 체결 시 이를 주의하여야 한다. 마지막으로 남북교류협력 재개 가능성에 관련하여 민족자결권과 남북 특수관계이론에 따라 유엔 안보리 대북제재 결의를 위반하지 않는 수준의 교류협력은 진행 가능하고규범적인 문제도 발생하지 않는다. 다만, 국제정치적 문제를 고려하여 중앙정부가 남북교류협력을 추진함에 있어 어려움이 있다면, 남북 지방간 교류협력과 남북 도시자매결연을 활성화하는 방안을 적극적으로 검토할 필요가 있다.

It is very important that Inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation among local governments not only for denuclearization of Korean Pennisula and peace construction but also implementation of local autonomy in North Korea area after unification. In order to promote inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation among local governments should exist Partners of South Korea local governments in North Korea. Local administrative bodies are outwardly present by the Constitution and legislation in North Korea. According to the results of the study, the other party is suitable for the local people's committee and the concluder is the chairman of the local people's committee. The legal basis of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation among local governments is derived from the unification proposition and the Cooperation Sovereignty of local governments. Local governments are also subject to the unification proposition because all national agency are subordinate to it. In addition, it is possible to implement inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation among local governments on the basis of the cooperation sovereignty, unless it violates the unification affairs of the central government or the legislation specifically prohibits it. Currently, there are no statutory regulations that Inter-Korean City’s Sisterhood Relationship. I suggested a solution through not enactment of a legislation but revision of the law( LOCAL AUTONOMY ACT , DEVELOPMENT OF INTER?KOREAN RELATIONS ACT , INTER-KOREAN EXCHANGE AND COOPERATION ACT , INTER-KOREAN COOPERATION FUND ACT , FOREIGN TRADE ACT , FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS ACT , ACT ON PROHIBITION AGAINST THE FINANCING OF TERRORISM AND PROLIFERATION OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION ). It is difficult to conclude the Inter-Korean city’s sisterhood relationship agreement as an internationally binding treaty. Nevertheless, the agreement is a type of international contract, which is likely to be legally binding, so should be careful when entering into it. According to the national self-determination principle and theory of Inter-Korean special relations, Inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation are enforceable and do not cause legal problems to the extent that it does not violate the UN Security Council's sanctions resolution against North Korea. If it is difficult for the central government to implement Inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation due to international political issues, we need to actively consider ways to promote Inter-Korean Exchanges and Cooperation Among Local Governments and Inter-Korean City’s Sisterhood Relationship.

본 논문의 목적은 거버넌스 개념에 입각하여 남북교류 실태를 파악하는 데 있다. 특히 남북교류의 주체인 6.15남측위원회를 사례로 하여, 남북교류 분야에서의 갈등과 협력의 네트워크를 종합적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이에 본 논문은 남북교류 거버넌스의 다양한 행위자들의 관계를 의제설정, 대안형성, 정책결정, 정책집행, 정책평가 등 일련의 정책과정을 중심으로 살펴보았고, 또한 자율성, 전문성, 참여성, 네트워크, 분권화, 효과와 효율성 등 평가지표를 들어 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 남과 북의 민간대표들은 매년 6.15행사와 8.15행사 때 상대지역을 번갈아 방문하여 공동행사를 개최하고 있고, 이 과정에서 국내적 차원, 남북관계 차원, 국제적 차원 등에서 다양한 행위자들이 중층적인 관계를 맺고 있음이 발견되었다. 지난 10년을 지나오면서 남북교류 부문이 정책과정의 전 단계에서 거버넌스 현상을 강화하여 온 것이다. 향후 남북교류 분야에서의 법·제도적 개선과 더불어 6.15남측위원회 자체의 소통능력이 고양된다면 남북교류 거버넌스는 보다 활성화될 것이다.

This article applies the recent concept of governance to examine the inter-Korean exchange. In particular, it explores conflicts and cooperation within the inter-Korean exchange by focusing on one of the major actors of the inter-Korean exchange, the June 15 South-Korean Committee. Specifically, it pays much attention to the interactions among various actors in governing the inter-Korean exchange. How governance works in the interaction has been considered by focusing on the process of decision-making which include the agenda-setting, alternative formulation, policy making, policy implementation, and policyevaluation. Governance is also assessed with respect to its autonomy, specialization, participation, networks, decentralization, effectiveness and efficiency. As a result this article shows that governance in the inter-Korean exchange has been strengthened through out the entire process of decision-making during the last 10 years. Through the annual joint meetings held in June 15 and August 15, deputies of each society have developed close relationships establishing interconnected networks in which close connections have emerged at the domestic, inter-regional(between South and North Korea), and international levels. Such findings imply that the future governance in the inter-Korean exchange would develop further and be more specialized as the June 15 South Korean Committee improves its communication ability with its counter part and makes legal and institutional renovations in the future.

이 글의 목적은 남북 저작권 교류의 ‘과거’와 ‘현재’를 소개하고 앞으로의발전방향, 즉 ‘전망’을 모색하는 것이다. 지난 1988년부터 시작된 남북저작권 교류는 어떻든지 간에 그동안 꾸준히 발전해 왔다. 특히 ‘2005년합의’를 통해 실천적 제도화의 첫걸음을 내디뎠다. 그러나 남북 저작권교류를 안정적인 궤도 위에 올려놓기 위해서는 무엇보다 남북한 당국이1992년 “남북사이의 화해와 불가침 및 교류·협력에 관한 합의서”의 부속합의서에서 약속한 “(가칭)남북 저작권 교류에 관한 합의서”를 채택해야한다. 이 합의서는 베른협약에 기초해야 하며 남북한 당국 사이의 직접적인 협의 채널, 남북에서 상대방 저작물의 이용 절차와 방법, 저작권자의권리 구제를 위한 남북 공조 체계, 저작권 관련 문서 공증 방안, 저작권료지급 절차와 방법 등을 담고 있어야 한다.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the past and current situation of inter-Korean copyright exchanges and envision the future development. Beginning in 1998, inter-Korean copyright exchanges have expanded their scope and depth although with periods of ebb and flow. One of the important achievements is the agreement on North Korea’s copyright issues between South and North Korea in 2005 which marked a stepping stone for practical institutionalization. Nevertheless, to stably advance the copyright exchanges, both Korean governments need to adopt the (tentative) Agreement on the Copyright Exchange as was agreed in the Affiliated Agreement of 1992 Agreement on Reconciliation, Non-Aggression, and Exchanges and Cooperation between South and North Korea This new Agreement should based on the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works and address important issues including the establishment of direct inter-Korean consultation channel and inter-Korean cooperation system for relief of copyright holders’ right and methods and procedures for using others’ copyrighted works, notarization of related documents, and royalty payment.

북한은 국제사회의 대북제재와 자연재해, COVID 19 팬데믹의 장기화로 가중되는 경제난에 도전받고 있다. 2021년 1월, 제8차 당 대회에서 제시한 국가경제발전 5개년 계획 등 목표의 달성여부도 관건이다. 이러한 상황에서 북한은 내각 국가계획위원회를 창구로 유엔 회원국들이 의결한 2015~2030 지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 달성에 적극적인 관심을 표명하고 있다. 북한의 ‘지속가능발전의제’가 대북제재와 어떻게 공존할 것인가는 북한개발협력 현장의 중요한 화두로 남아 있다. 2021년 6월 제출한 자발적 국가 검토(VNR) 보고서에 따르면 UN과의 협력과 SDGs 이행의지를 재차 적극 표명하고 있다. 또한 국가경제발전 5개년 계획(국가발전계획, NGDs)과 SDGs와 연계를 강화중임을 언급하며 SDGs가 국가경제발전 차원의 수준으로 인식되고 있음을 드러내기도 한다. 따라서 북한이 SDGs 이행을 위해 유엔과 체결한 2차 전략협약(2017-2021년)에 이어 새롭게 수립될 3차 전략협약(UNSF 2022-2026)의 추진방향과 SDGs 이행전략에 대한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 답보상황에 있는 남북교류협력의 추진 역시 팬데믹 상황과 제재 면제가능여부를 중심으로 고려하되, 북한의 취약계층의 삶의 질 개선 및 제3차 북한-유엔전략협약의 추진 및 달성에 초점을 맞출 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 우선적으로 북한의 취약계층 복지와 관련한 SDGs 목표 1(빈곤), 2(기아)를 중심으로 기타 SDGs와의 조화방안을 검토하고 이를 달성하기 위해 개선된 포스트 북한-유엔전략협약 제안 및 대북제재 및 코로나19 상황을 고려한 남북교류협력방안을 제시하는 것에 있다.

North Korea is being challenged by economic difficulties aggravated by international sanctions against North Korea, natural disasters, and the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic. In this situation, North Korea is expressing an active interest in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) decided by the UN member states through the Cabinet National Planning Committee. How North Korea's "Agenda for Sustainable Development" will coexist with sanctions against North Korea is an important topic in the field of North Korean development cooperation. Therefore, interest in the implementation direction of the 3rd Strategic Agreement (UNSF 2022-2026) to be newly established following the 2nd Strategic Agreement signed by North Korea with the United Nations (2017-2021) for the implementation of the SDGs and the SDGs implementation strategy is also increasing. The stagnant promotion of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation should also focus on the pandemic situation and whether sanctions can be exempted, while focusing on improving the quality of life of the vulnerable in North Korea and promoting and achieving the 3rd North Korea-UN Strategic Agreement. The purpose of this study is to find a way to harmonize with other SDGs to achieve SDGs 1 (poverty) and 2 (hunger) related to the welfare of the vulnerable in North Korea, and to propose an improved post-North Korea-UN Strategic Agreement, as well as to analyze North Korea sanctions and the COVID-19 situation. It is to present a plan for inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation in consideration.

지난 김대중·노무현 정부 10년의 남북한 교류․협력분야의 특징은 대북민간단체들을 포함하여 대내외적 네트워크를 조율하기 위한협력체가 만들어졌고 이를 통해 독특한 거버넌스의 제도화가 이루어졌다는 점이다. 각 협의체는 정부의 개입정도․참여단체의 수와 성격․재정의 원천․북한과의 채널 또는 파트너십 등에서 동일하지 않았지만, 회원단체들의 대표 역할을 수행하거나 때로는 정부와 정책네트워크를 형성하는 등 새로운 유형의 거버넌스를 형성하였다. 본연구는 다양한 민간단체들을 내부적으로 연결시키면서 북한당국과우리 정부 사이에 연계고리 역할을 담당했던 사회문화분야 협력체들의 거버넌스 구조와 동학을 분석, 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해사회․문화분야에서 남북․교류협력사업을 관할해온 협력체로서 민주평화통일자문회의(민주평통), 민족화해협력범국민협의회(민화협), 대북지원민간단체협의회(북민협), 6.15공동선언실천위원회(6.15위원회) 등의사례를 분석한다.

The distinction in inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation during 10years of governments led by former President Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun is to have established the councils to coordinate external and internal networks including the NGOs toward North Korea, through which a distinct governance have institutionalized. Even though each council is diverse by the degree of government intervention, the number of participant organization, the source of finance, channels or partnership with North Korea, etc., but it has formed a new-typed governance that plays a representative role of the membership or sometimes establishes a policy network with the government. The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the structure and dynamics of the governance that the councils of sociocultural exchanges and cooperation between two Koreas have connected diverse NGOs internally and have also played a role as a link chain between two Korean authorities. And this is a case study on the councils that have took charge of inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation projects in the sociocultural field,including the National Unification Advisory Council (Minjupyungtong),Korean Council for Reconciliation and Cooperation (Minwhahyup), NOGs'Council of Supporting North Korea (Bukminhyup) and the June 15th Joint Declaration Practice Committee.

길지 않은 남북교류협력의 역사는 5.24조치와 국제사회의 대북제재로 인해 재개되지 못하고 있다. 강력한 대북제재 공조를 훼손하고자 주장하는 것은 아니다. 하지만 한국은 남북문제의 당사국으로서 남북교류협력사업 추진과 관련해 선제적 대응 방안을 고민할 필요가 있다. 남북교류협력사업이 본래 취지대로 북한의 개혁․개방을 유도하고 궁극적으로 한반도 통일을 이룩하기 위해서는 지자체를 중심으로 한 남북교류협력 거버넌스 구축이 우선되어야 한다. 이를 통해 중복 사업, 전시성․일회성 사업 추진 등의 남북교류협력사업의 문제점을 해소하고 중장기적인 관점에서 지속가능한 사업 추진 체계를 구축할 필요가 있다. 남북한 간 정치적 상황변화에 대한 민감도가 낮은 지자체를 중심으로 한 남북교류협력은 비정치적이고 상호 간에 관심이 높은 분야를 중심으로 추진되므로 오히려 유용성이 높다. 따라서 중앙정부는 지자체가 남북교류협력사업을 독립적으로 추진할 수 있도록 보장해줄 필요가 있다. 또 지자체는 중앙정부 및 기초자치단체, 지역사회, 민간단체, 국제기구, 기업 등이 적극 참여할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램을 구상하는데 힘써야 한다.

The inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation have a regrettably short history. They have not been resumed after being discontinued due to the 5.24 measures and United Nations sanctions against North Korea. We do not seek to question the maximum pressure policy. However as a party directly involved in inter-Korean issues, South Korea needs to consider preemptive measures to promote inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation projects. Inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation projects aim to induce North Korea to pursue economic reform and opening and ultimately achieve unification of the Korean peninsula. To achieve this goal, South Korea should first establish <local government oriented collaborative governance system for inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation>. Through such an organization, solutions to problems in inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation projects can be found. Typical problems include overlapping projects, showing off projects, and one-off projects. In addition, through this organization, it is necessary to establish a sustainable inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation promotion system in the medium-to-long term. Local Government Oriented Inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation are non-political, and less sensitive to changes in political conditions between the South and North Koreas. Furthermore, Local Government Oriented inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation are highly useful because they are promoted mainly in areas of high interest for South and North Koreas. Therefore, the central government allow the local government to promote the inter-Korean exchanges and cooperation projects independently. And local governments should try to develop various programs that involve thecentralgovernment,themunicipality,localcommunities,NGOs,internationalorganizationsandcorporations.