Earticle

As global populations age, interest in well-being, beauty, and health enhancement has increased, leading to growth in the home beauty device market. This study investigates the economic impacts of the home beauty device industry in Korea by employing an exogenous demand-driven model based on the latest 2020 Input-Output (IO) table. The analysis reveals that the home beauty device industry generates a production-inducing effect of 1.7078 KRW and a value-added creation effect of 0.9352 KRW for additional 1 KRW increase in industry output. Moreover, the industry is associated with employment- and labor-inducement effects of estimated 5.4240 and 4.4589 persons, respectively, for every 1 billion KRW increase in output. However, the inter-industry linkage effects, encompassing both forward and backward linkages, are relatively small compared to other industries. These findings provide valuable quantitative insights for policymakers and stakeholders to help develop strategic initiatives that support and enhance the growth potential of Korea's home beauty device industry.

기존의 대표적인 입력장치는 키보드, 마우스 등으로 한정적이었으나 최근 들어 사용자들의 다양한 요구에 따라 새로운 형태의 입력장치들이 개발되는 추세이다. 이러한 추세에 맞춰 특수한 device 없이 영상의 hand motion을 분석해 명령을 부여하는 새로운 형태의 입력장치를 제안한다. Cam-Shift 기법으로 skin color 영역을 이진화 하여 tracking 한 후, labeling을 통해 분리한 손가락 영역과 손 중심점과의 각도를 동서남북으로 구분해 counting하여 손동작을 인식한다. 손동작에 대한 입력은 맨손에 배경처리를 하지 않은 경우 약 76.8%의 낮은 인식률을 보였으나, 붉은색 장갑을 착용하고 배경을 지정해 줄 경우 잡영 제거의 영향으로 인식률이 90.2%까지 향상된다.

The existing input device is limited to keyboard and mouse. However, recently new type of input device has been developed in response to requests from users. To reflect this trend we propose the new type of input device that gives instruction as analyzing the hand motion of image without special device. After binarizing the skin color area using Cam-Shift method and tracking, it recognizes the hand motion by inputting the finger areas and the angles from the palm center point, which are separated through labeling, into four cardinal directions and counting them. In cases when specific background was not set and without gloves, the recognition rate remained approximately at 75 percent. However, when specific background was set and the person wore red gloves, the recognition rate increased to 90.2 percent due to reduction in noise.

밀폐 및 차폐 공간을 갖는 핫셀에서 사용후핵연료와 같은 고방사선 물질을 취급하고 있으며, 핵주기시설에서 마스터-슬레이브 매니퓰레이터는 원격취급장비로서 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 차세대관리공정의 디지털 목업을 구축하고 원격유지보수를 위한 매니퓰레이터의 작업영역 및 작업분석을 수행하였다. 실제 환경과 동일한 가상 작업환경을 갖는 디지털 목업은 3차원 그래픽으로 모델링된 공정장치 및 원격 취급장비들로 구성된다. 모델링된 매니퓰레이터는 기구학 및 동작범위에 대한 속성을 부여되고 외부 입력장치는 space ball을 사용하여 매니퓰레이터의 동작을 구현하였다. 또한 Tele-operation 인터페이스를 사용하여 6축 외부 입력장치와 연계한 시스템을 개발하였으며 외부 입력에 따른 매니퓰레이터의 동작에 대한 동기는 만족할 만한 응답을 보였다. 이는 가상환경에서 작업자 교육을 위한 시스템 개발에 유용할 것이다.

To handle the high level radioactive materials such a spent fuel, the master-slave manipulaters (MSM) are wide1y used as a remote handling device in nuclear facilities such as the hot cell with sealed and shielded space. In this paper, the Digital Mockup which simulates the remote operation of the Advanced Conditioning Process(ACP) is developed. Also, the workspace and the motion of the slave manipulator, as well as, the remote operation task should be analyzed. The process equipment of ACP and Maintenance/Handling Device are drawn in 3D CAD model using IGRIP. Modeling device of manipulator is assigned with various mobile attributes such as a relative position, kinematics constraints, and a range of mobility. The 3D graphic simulator using the extermal input device of spare ball displays the movement of manipulator. To connect the exterral input device to the graphic simulator, the interface program of external input device with 6 DOF is deigned using the Low Level Tele-operation Interface(LLTI). The experimental result show that the developed simulation system gives much-improved human interface characteristics and shows satisfactory reponse characteristics in terms of synchronization speed. This should be useful for the development of work`s education system in the environment.

최근 키보드, 마우스, 조이스틱 등과 같은 게임 입력장치의 과도한 사용에 따른 부작용으로 손목 터널증후군을 호소하는 인구가 늘어나고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문에서는 생체신호를 게임의 입력장치로 사용하는 방법을 제안한다. 손목의 움직임시 발생되는 근전도 신호를 입력받아 효과적으로 잡음을 제거하고 신호를 증폭하는 하드웨어 모듈을 설계하였다. 또한, 웨이브릿 패킷 변환을 통하여 동작의 특징벡터를 추출하고, 주성분 분석을 통하여 특징벡터를 재배치함으로서 특징벡터의 분산을 감소시켰다. 데이터 분류 알고리즘인 SVM을 적용하여 학습된 데이터를 구축하였으며, 4가지 동작에 대해 90% 이상의 인식률을 나타내었다.

Recently, many game players have been increasingly suffering the capal turnel syndrome which arises from using game input devices like keyboard, mouse and joystick excessively. In this regard, this paper propose a method that uses bio-signal as a game input device. We have designed a hardware module that receives the EMG(electromyogram) signals occurring at the time of wrist movement, effectively eliminates noises and amplifies the signals. Also, by extracting the feature vectors of movements through wavelet packet transform and reallocate them through the PCA(Principal Component Analysis), the dispersion of the feature vectors have been reduced. We have built the trained data set in terms of applying SVM(Support Vector Machine), a data classifying algorithm, and our system shows recognition success rate of above 90% for four different motions.

A scalable large high-resolution tiled display supports a number of users from any point and distance to view and use contents on the display. However, user interaction with the tiled display is not well supported by traditional mouse and keyboard due to the screen size and resolution. While many user interaction techniques for tiled displays have been investigated, no single user interface standard is existed yet. In this paper, we describe a design and implementation of the multiple input device user interaction system for a scalable distributed tiled display system. This interaction system presents the generalization and interaction mechanism of input information to handle various input devices to enable users to simultaneously interact with tiled display applications. This system aims at supporting more complex user interactions via several different types of input devices.

Human uses level difference and time difference to get space information. Therefore this paper shows that method to presume direction of sound source by time difference and to mark presumed position. The position means direction from geometrical center of sensors to the sound source. To get the time difference of microphones input level, we will be explained about arrangement of microphones which used for the sensor to take the sound signal. It is included distance among the 3 microphones and distance between microphones and sound source. Secondly, input signals are transmitted to CPU througth digital process. CPU is used to DSP(Digital Signal Processor) for manage the signal by real time. Finally, the position of sound source is perceived by an explained algorithm in this paper.

Advancements in digital image have put high quality digital camera into the hands of many image professionals and consumers alike. High quality digital camera images consist originally of raw which have a set of color rendering operation applied to them to produce good images. With color rendering, the raw file was converted to Adobe RGB and sRGB color space. Also color rendering can incorporate factor such as white balance, contrast, saturation. Therefore, in this paper we conduct a study on production of optimum profile considered color rendering in digital camera. To do the experiment, the images were Digital ColorChecker SG target and ColorChecker DC target. A profiling tool was ProfileMaker 5.03. The results were analyzed by comparing in color gamut of CIEL*a*b* color space and calculating ΔE*ab. Also results were analyzed in terms of different CIEL*a*b* color space quadrants based on lightness, chroma.

In this paper, an experiment was done where the input device used the linear multiple regression and the sRGB color space to perform a color transformation. The output device used the GOG, GOGO and sRGB for the color transformation. After the input device underwent a color transformation, a 3 ✕ 20 size matrix was used in a linear multiple regression and the scanner's color representation of scanner was better than a digital still camera's color representation. When using the sRGB color space, the original copy and the output copy had a color difference of 11. Therefore it was more efficient to use the linear multiple regression method than using the sRGB color space. After the input device underwent a color transformation, the additivity of the LCD monitor's R, G and B signal value improved and therefore the error in the linear formula transformation decreased. From this change, the LCD monitor with the GOG model applied to the color transformation became better than LCD monitors with other models applied to the color transformation. Also, the color difference varied more than 11 from the original target in CRT and LCD monitors when a sRGB color transformation was done in restricted conditions.

The input and output device requires precise color representation and CMS (Color Management System) because of the increasing number of ways to apply the digital image into electronic publishing. However, there are slight differences in the device dependent color signal among the input and output devices. Also, because of the non-linear conversion of the input signal value to the output signal value, there are color differences between the original copy and the output copy. It seems necessary for device-dependent color information values to change into device-independent color information values. When creating an original copy through electronic publishing, there should be color management with the input and output devices. From the devices' three phases of calibration, characterization and color conversion, the device-dependent color should undergo a color transformation into a device-independent color. In this paper, an experiment was done where the input device used the linear multiple regression and the sRGB color space to perform a color transformation. The output device used the GOG, GOGO and sRGB for the color transformation. After undergoing a color transformation in the input and output devices, the best results were created when the original target underwent a color transformation by the scanner and digital camera input device by the linear multiple regression, and the LCD output device underwent a color transformation by the GOG model.

스마트 폰의 대중적인 보급으로 인해 많은 서비스가 모바일 단말기 환경에서 제공되고 있다. 특히, 스마트 폰 의 사양이 급속하게 성장하고, 통신 속도를 제공함에 따라 기존 PC 환경보다 더 빠른 처리가 가능하게 되었다. 언제 나 손 안에서 사용할 수 있는 편리성으로 인해 금융거래를 비롯한 게임, 엔터테인먼트 등 다양한 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 금융거래를 비롯한 양질의 서비스를 제공하기 위해 사용자 식별이 무엇보다 중요하다. 사용자 식별 및 인증을 위해 생체인증을 비롯한 다양한 기술이 사용되고 있다. 사용자 식별 및 인증을 위한 간단한 방법으로 PIN과 같은 패스워드 인증이 사용되고 있다. PIN이나 패스워드를 입력 하는 과정에서 훔쳐보기나 레코딩 공격 등 사회공학적 공격이 가능하다. 이를 해결하기 위해 다양한 보안 키패드 기 법들이 제안되고 있다. 안전한 보안 키패드 연구를 지속적으로 수행하기 위해 관련 논문과 관련 기술을 분석하고 그 결과를 기술하고자 한다.

Due to the popular diffusion of smartphones, many services are provided on mobile devices. Especially, as smartphone specifications have rapidly increased and communication speeds have been provided, faster processing than the existing PC environment has become possible. Various services such as finance, games, and entertainment are provided for the convenience of being able to use them in the palm of your hand. To provide quality services, especially for financial transactions, user identification is more important than anything else. Various technologies, including biometric authentication, are used for user identification and authentication. Simple methods such as password authentication like PIN are also used for user identification and authentication. social engineering attacks such as theft or recording attack are available during the process of entering a PIN or password. There are many secure keypad methods are suggested to prevent these. This study analyzes related papers and related methods to study on safe secure keypads continually.

In this paper we offered a new UI design for Chinese input method on smart devices during Gameplay. Currently the well-known conventional stroke-based Chinese input method using only five basic stroke types could achieve low leaning curve and small keypad implementation, we made the UI design base on this stroke-based input method compensating the problem that input speed is limited and finally relatively higher the input speed. For experiment we designed and implemented the new UI for input method by Unity3D. Input by pressing or typing keys is replaced by more using sliding. To improve the input speed of the stroke-based method slide direction arrows are used and selected character will be intuitively shown to user in real time as designed. And the Four Tones(四声) in Chinese pronunciation is also been used to improve the input speed for this input method. In addition, to evaluation the new input method UI, we have conducted experiments on smart device comparing with four basic Chinese input methods. Through the numeric values recorded in the evaluation by inputting random 20 Chinese characters and two-letter Chinese words, comparing the input speed, click times, the typo rate shows the advantages of the new UI and proved that the new UI is better than others for using in smart device game.

마이크로비트를 활용한 피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육을 통해, 학생들은 컴퓨팅 사고 과정을 정리하며 SW를 개발할 수 있다. 여기서, 컴퓨팅 사고 과정은 자료수집, 자료분석, 자료구조화, 추상화, 문제분해, 알고리즘 구성 그리고 자 동화 단계들을 나타낸다. 교육대학원에서 마이크로비트를 활용한 ‘피지컬 컴퓨팅 교육방법 연구’라는 과목을 현 직교사를 대상으로 23년 1학기에 운영하였다. 해당 과목에서는, 교육 현장에서 피지컬 컴퓨팅을 통해 컴퓨팅 사 고 과정을 교육하는 방법을 탐색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해, 첫 번째 기초 사례로서 입력 정보가 1개이고 출력 정 보가 1개인 장치를 개발하는 사례를 교육하였다. 이후, 교육 현장에서 적용할 수 있는 장치 개발 사례에 대한 의 견을 조사하였다. 본 논문에서는 입력 정보가 1개이고 출력 정보가 1개인 장치로서, 마이크로비트 1개를 사용한 장치 사례에 대한 의견 조사결과를 제시하고 분석하였다.

Through physical computing education using micro:bit, students can develop software while arranging the computing thinking process. Here, the computational thinking process represents data collection, data analysis, data structure, abstraction, problem decomposition, algorithm construction, and automation steps. In the first semester of 2023, the Graduate School of Education conducted a course called ‘Physical Computing Teaching Method Research’ using micro:bit for incumbent teachers. In this course, we tried to explore the method of educating the computational thinking process through physical computing in the educational field. To this end, as the first base case, the case of developing a device with one input information and one output information was trained. Afterwards, opinions on device development cases that can be applied in the educational field were investigated. In this paper, as a device with one input information and one output information, the opinion survey results on the case of a device using one microbit were presented and analyzed.

Most of flated scanners and digital cameras in prepress process utilize CCD technology. Device calibration and characterization process is needed to transform the device dependent color to the device independent color. ICC profiles for digital input devices encapsulated information relating the device values to CIELAB or CIEXYZ coordinates. The main purposes of this article is to evaluate some of the transformation methods based on ICC proposed device profiles and to propose optimal color transformation method for accurate color imaging in printing process.

In the era of aging society in China, focusing on the issue that it is difficult for elderly people to operate a variety of computing devices with the physiological and psychological changes brought by the aging, a research for ergonomics of interactive devices was put forward for elderly user groups. The research studied the performance of elderly people using the mouse, stylus and touchscreen to perform two-dimensional pointing tasks, compared with younger people, in the computer user interface by controlled experiments, measured the movement time and hit accuracy, and also investigated the subjective experience when they used the three input devices for completing two-dimensional pointing tasks. Experimental data analysis showed that elderly people spend more time than younger people to complete the pointing tasks with any of the three input devices, Fitts' law still hold when the elderly people used mouse, stylus and touchscreen to perform the two-dimensional pointing tasks, and the use of touchscreen can achieve higher performance with the target size should not less than 80 pixels (about 11.2 mm) for both elderly and younger people. Elderly people can benefit more from the touchscreen than younger people.

일상생활에서 이루어지는 작업들 중 많은 수는 양손을 동시에 사용하여 물체를 움직임으로써 이루어진다. 이와 같이 양손의 사용을 통해 우리는 대부분의 작업을 더 빠르고 효과적으로 수행할 수 있다. 이러한 양손 작업을 컴퓨터 스크린 상에서 가능하게 하는 멀티 터치 기술의 빠른 확산과 함께 개인용 컴퓨터의 사용자 인터페이스에 있어 하나의 큰 의문이 제기되고 있다. 과연 멀티 터치 인터페이스는 마우스와 키보드를 대체할 수 있을 것인가? 또한 개인용 컴퓨터에 있어 앞으로의 활용 방향은 어떻게 전개될 것인가? 본 연구는 이 논제의 해결을 위해 개인용 컴퓨터에 장착된 멀티 터치 인터페이스의 장점과 그 한계에 관해 연구한다. 이를 위해 다양한 종류의 입력 장치 비교와 인간 컴퓨터 상호작용 방식의 탐구, 실제 적용 사례 연구를 통해 개인용 컴퓨터 인터페이스의 미래를 예측해보는데 본 연구의 의의가 있다.

Many of every day activities rely on the use of both hands simultaneously and controlling the physical attributes of objects. With a use of both hands we are able to perform most operations quicker and more efficiently. With a rapid growth of a multi-touch technology which allows a bimanual manipulation on the computer screens, there is a big question raising around the user interfaces of personal computers. Is multi-touch going to be able to replace a mouse and a keyboard? Also, what is the direction of the multi-touch applications for personal computers? In order to solve this topic, this paper explores the benefits and limitations of implementing multi touch screens into personal computers. By comparing various input devices and examining methods of human computer interaction, this study attempts to predict the future of personal computers' user interfaces.

Recently, the research for the mobile computing such as PDA, Palm PC and wearable computing related technologies is widely under development, specially for the input device. Among the mobile input methods are speech recognition, handwriting recognition and cording type. However these systems have the problems of the data input appraratus like input speed and recognition rate. This paper presents the Glove-based input device which could solve the system's data input problem. By the experimental results suggest the method of proposional input method that utilize the hand's movement is appropriate for the effective mobile input devices.

We propose a novel input pointing device called the multimodal mouse (MM) which uses two modalities: face recognition and speech recognition. From an analysis of Microsoft Office workloads, we find that 80% of Microsoft Office Specialist test tasks are compound tasks using both the keyboard and the mouse together. When we use the optical mouse (OM), operation is quick, but it requires a hand exchange delay between the keyboard and the mouse. This takes up a significant amount of the total execution time. The MM operates more slowly than the OM, but it does not consume any hand exchange time. As a result, the MM shows better performance than the OM in many cases.