Earticle

인지무선 네트워크(Cognitive Radio Network, CRN)는 주 사용자(Primary User, PU)의 동적인 활동성 변화 에 따라, 부 사용자(Secondary User, SU)에게 가용한 자원의 양이 변하게 되고 제한적이다. CRN에서 실시간성 을 요구하는 서비스를 지원하기 위한 많은 연구가 수행되었으나, 여전히 해결하여야 할 문제들이 존재한다. 본 논문 에서는 CRN 환경에서 SU들을 그룹화하여 운영하는 것을 기반으로 하는 GPO-MAC(Group-based Preemptive Opportunistic Medium Access Control) 프로토콜을 제안한다. 제안하는 GPO-MAC은 다중의 PU 채널들과 공통제어채널(Common Control Channel, CCC)을 사용하며, VoIP(Voice over IP) 서비스의 요구 품질을 충 족시키면서 CRN 자원의 가용성을 증대시킬 수 있다. 또한, 제안하는 GPO-MAC 프로토콜의 효과적인 동작을 위 한 설계 방법을 제시한다. 실험을 통하여 그룹화를 수행함이 VoIP 서비스의 CRN 대역폭 이용률을 크게 높이고, QoS 성능 향상을 이룰 수 있음을 보였다.

In Cognitive Radio Networks(CRNs), the amount of resources available to secondary users(SUs) changes and is limited according to the dynamic activities of the primary users(PUs). Though numerous studies have been conducted to support real-time services in CRNs, problems still exist to be solved. This paper proposes a GPO-MAC(Group-based Preemptive Opportunistic Medium Access Control) protocol based on grouping SUs in CRN environments. The proposed GPO-MAC utilizes a common control channel(CCC) and multiple PU channels, and can improve the resource availabilities while the requirements on the quality of services(QoS) for VoIP(Voice over IP) services are met. Besides, a method for designing the effective operations of the proposed GPO-MAC protocol is also presented. Through experiments, it was shown that with the group-based operation, we can achieve the QoS performance improvement by greatly increasing the CRN bandwidth utilization rate for VoIP services.

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) relaying network systems have been widely studied to expand network coverage and improve frequency efficiency for wireless communication. This paper proposes a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) based group contention (GC) full-duplex (FD) UAV relay system. The proposed FD UAV relay system guarantees the establishment of an FD pair. The UAV acts as a relay node and notifies the next-hop destination to all nodes with the acknowledge (ACK) packet. Only nodes that can establish the FD pair with the next-hop destination compete for channel access. No matter which node wins the channel contention, throughput and delay are improved because it can guarantee the FD pair establishment. Both analytical and simulation results verified that the proposed FD UAV relay system could achieve better throughput and delay than a conventional UAV relay system.

Ubiquitous smartphones with their built-in location services enable people to explore various points-of-interest (POIs) through location-based apps, e.g., Yelp and Foursquare City Guide. With these apps, users can receive personalized recommendations on nearby places, e.g., restaurants and arcades, which not only saves them searching time, but also helps find POIs that are of interest to them. One issue with these apps and almost all existing recommender systems is that they require users to share their preference data with the service providers. This information, if not properly used, can leak users’ privacy. In this paper, we propose a group preference-based POI recommendation scheme which fuses matrix factorization and clustering techniques to provide quality recommendations without sacrificing users’ privacy.

Purpose: During clinical placements, nursing students who come into close contact with patients and provide nursing interventions may be exposed to harmful pathogens. However, little is known about nursing students' experiences with standard precautions (SP) in clinical settings. Methods: We conducted interviews with six focus groups of nursing students (n = 38) from two universities in South Korea. The focus group interviews each took 90-120 minutes and included 6-7 participants from two different universities. The meetings used semi-structured interview protocols. Qualitative content analysis was employed. Results: Four themes and 9 subthemes were identified: (a) attitudes (knowledge deficit, sensitivity), (b) subjective norms (negative role models, classroom and in-field gaps, blind spots), (c) perceived behavioral control (psychological barriers, physical barriers, lack of information), and (d) intention (changes in compliance awareness). Conclusions: These focus groups revealed that many nursing students worked in vulnerable environments and risked pathogen exposure. Nursing students expressed the importance of SP but reported witnessing many instances of failure to comply with established measures. Several barriers were explored as reasons of SP noncompliance. By removing the barriers presented in this study, nursing students would be able to perform their duties in a safe clinical environment.

본 논문의 연구 목적은 다음의 2가지를 가지고 있다：(1) “개인 집단 관계 시스템(SPGR)에 대한 개관, (2) 한국, 일본, 노르웨이, 미국 등 4개 문화의 근무집단으로부터 수집된 자료에 대한 문화비교적 분석연구 실시. 이상 4개 이문화에서 수집된 집단 자료는 SPGR 분석 방법인 “ 장 분석” 및 “지배적 행동(벡터) 분석”을 통해서 사회적 상호 작용 유형을 비교하였다. 본연구에서 얻은 결과에 의하면 미국 문화를 제외한 3개 문화 즉 노르웨이, 일본 및 한국은 상호 유사한 대인 평가 유형을 보여주었다. 추가적으로 리더십, 전략개발, 팀 빌딩 그리고 갈등 관리를 SPGR모델에 입각해서 다루고 마지막으로 4개 문화 집단에 대한 집단 역동을 논의하였다.

The purpose of this paper is twofold：first it gives an overview of the “Systematizing Person-Group Relation” (SPGR) model and method, and second, it presents an empirical study based on data collected from Korean, Japanese, Norwegian and American workgroups. The samples of groups are compared by their pattern of social interaction using two different SPGR analyses：the field and predominant behavior (vector) analysis. THE FIDINGS INDICATE THAT THREE CULTURE GROUPS SHOW SIMILARITY OF INTERPERSONAL EVALUATION HOWEVER AMERICAN GROUPS SHOW AN EXCEPTION. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to leadership, strategy development, teambuilding, and conflict resolution. In addition the typical group dynamics for the four different cultures is described.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a health management program using a mobile application for middle-aged men experiencing andropause. Methods: A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest structure was employed. The study took place from June 27 to August 30, 2024, with participant recruitment occurring from June 27 to July 10, 2024. In total, 61 participants (30 in the experimental group and 31 in the control group) participated from July 15 to August 20, 2024. The experimental group received an application-based health management program, while the control group did not. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in subjective quality of life, health-promoting behaviors, and subjective health status compared to the control group (p<.001). Conclusion: This study confirms that mobile applications can effectively manage health during andropause in middle-aged men. Further research with a larger sample size is recommended to validate these findings.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic communication program based on King’s goal attainment theory, specifically designed for nurses providing care to patients with hematological oncology in a tertiary hospital setting. Methods: A non-equivalent control group design was employed, involving 59 nurses (intervention group: 29, control group: 30) with experience in hematological cancer care. The therapeutic communication program, developed according to the theoretical constructs of King’s theory, consisted of eight weekly sessions. Outcome variables included problem-solving ability, communication self-efficacy, and interaction satisfaction. The effects of the intervention were analyzed using the independent- and paired-samples t-test as well as a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: In between-group comparisons of pre?post changes, communication self-efficacy increased significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group (p=.027). However, no significant between-group differences were found for problem-solving ability or interaction satisfaction. These findings suggest that the program effectively enhances therapeutic communication competencies among nurses in hematological oncology wards. Conclusion: The therapeutic communication program significantly improved problem-solving ability, communication self-efficacy, and interaction satisfaction among nurses in the intervention group within the hematological oncology ward. This theory-based intervention provides an evidence-based framework for strengthening clinical nursing practice and education.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a physical restraints education program using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skill (IMB) model and examine its effects on physical restraint-related knowledge, attitudes, nursing practices, and person-centered care of nursing care providers in long-term care hospitals. Methods: A nonequivalent control group repeated measures quasi-experimental design was used. The participants were 54 nursing care providers (intervention group=27, control group=27) in long-term care hospitals from B city. The IMB model-based education program was developed and implemented once a week for 3 weeks. The program involved brain writing, lectures, poster or slogan creation, writing diary to reduce the use of restraint, and shouting slogans. Data were collected using self-reported questionnaires at pretest, immediately after the program completed (3 weeks after pretest), and 4 weeks after completing the program (7 weeks after pretest). Analysis was conducted using χ²-test, Fisher’s exact test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and repeated measures ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 28.0 program. Results: The participants consisted of nurses (40.7%), nursing assistants (40.7%), and care workers (18.5%). The education program had statistically significant effects on knowledge (F=46.38, p<.001), attitude (F=42.70, p<.001), nursing practice (F=31.29, p<.001), and person-centered care (F=27.74, p<.001) regarding physical restraints. The intervention’s effects remained for 4 weeks after the completion of the intervention. Conclusion: This education program effectively enhanced nursing care providers’ knowledge, attitude, nursing practice, and person-centered care concerning physical restraints. Future research is warranted to provide a regularly repeated program and evaluate the direct effects on the frequency of physical restraints for nursing care providers in long-term care hospitals.

Purpose: To examine the effects of a spousal participation health promotion program (health promotion program, HPP) based on Cox’s Interaction Model of supporting husbands’ health behavior compliance following a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: This study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. A total of 52 participants (26 in each group) completed the study. The researchers conducted pretest and posttest at 12-week intervals on 26 control groups. Those in the 26 experimental groups attended in the entire 12-week program with pretest and posttest. Also, 10 control groups who wished to receive the intervention were given the opportunity to participate in the HPP for 3 weeks and were provided with the materials used from weeks 4 through 12 after completion of the study. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, paired t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, and a Wilcoxon signed rank test were conducted. Results: Spousal participation HPP was effective in promoting participants’ marital compatibility and health behavior compliance. Conclusion: Spousal participation HPP was an effective intervention for reducing body mass index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein, enhancing marital harmony, and promoting health behavior compliance among middle-aged and older men who underwent PCI. Therefore, it is recommended to actively utilize the spousal participation HPP as an effective intervention strategy for health management of this population.

본 연구는 수용-전념 치료 (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, ACT) 집단상담 프로그램이 대학생의 우울 완화에 미치는 효과를 검증하고, 그 치료적 변인을 규명하고자 하였다. 연구 참여자 21명의 대학생 을 실험집단 11명과 통제집단 10명에 배치하였고, 실험집단에 총 5회기의 수용-전념 치료 집단상담 프로그램을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 실험집단의 우울 수준은 유의미하게 감소한 반면, 통제집단의 우울 수준은 오히려 증가하였다. 또한 실험집단의 수용행동, 탈융합 및 마음챙김 수준이 유의하게 향상되었다. 이를 통해 수용-전념 치료 집단상담 프로그램이 대학생의 우울 완화에 효과적임을 확인하였고 수용행동, 탈융합 및 마음챙김 이 수용-전념 치료의 핵심 치료 요인으로 작용하였음을 밝혔다. 본 연구는 수용-전념 치료의 이론적 토대를 실증적으로 지지하고, 대학생 우울 치료에 적용할 수 있는 근거를 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study aimed to examine the effect of a group counseling program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on alleviating depression in college students, and to identify the therapeutic variables. Twenty-one college students were assigned to the experimental group (n = 11) and the control group (n = 10). The experimental group received a 5-session ACT-based group counseling program. The results showed that the depression level of the experimental group significantly decreased, while that of the control group increased. Furthermore, the levels of acceptance, defusion, and mindfulness in the experimental group significantly improved. These findings suggest that the ACT-based group counseling program is effective in alleviating depression in college students, and that acceptance, defusion, and mindfulness serve as core therapeutic factors in ACT. This study provides empirical support for the theoretical foundation of ACT and presents evidence for its application in the treatment of depression among college students.

2022년 말부터 2023년 초까지 영산강 섬진강 유역 중심으로 최악의 가뭄이 발생하였으며, 일부지역은 제한 급수까지 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 물부족 해결을 위해 이해당사자들이 참여한 최적 해결안 도출을 위해 SVM 기반 비전공유헙의체를 활용한 대안을 제시하였다. 우선 영산강·섬진강 유역을 대상으로 이해당사자들의 의견을 반영한 SVM을 개발 및 검증하였다. 다음으로 다양한 갈수 해소 시나리 오와 이해당사자들의 의견 반영이 가능하고 하천수조정협의회를 지원하는 실무급 협의 단계의 비전공유 협의체를 제안하고, 갈수관리 업무매뉴얼의 개정(안)을 제안하였다. 또한 영섬유역 2023년 3월 가뭄상황 에 대하여 관련 전문가들이 참석하여 물부족 해소 모의훈련을 수행하여, SVM 기반 비전공유협의회 운영에 대한 다양한 의견들을 살펴보았으며, SVM 기반 비전공유협의회의 활용가능성과 필요성을 확인 하였다.

From late of 2022 to early 2023, the Yeongsan and Seomjin River basins experienced the most severe drought on record, with water rationing implemented in some areas. In this study, to derive optimal solutions for effective water shortage management through stakeholder participation, alternative strategies were proposed using an SVM (Shared Vision Model)-based shared vision consultative group. As a first step, an SVM incorporating stakeholders’ perspectives was developed and applied to the Yeongsan and Seomjin River basins. Subsequently, this study proposed a working-level shared vision consultative group capable of reflecting diverse river water restiriction scenarios and stakeholder viewpoints, while also supporting the River Flow Adjustment Council. In adddtion, a draft revision of the low flow management operations manual was proposed. Furthermore, a simulated exercise addressing the March 2023 drought in the Yeongsan and Seomjin River basins was conducted with the participiation of relevant experts, various opinions on the operation of the SVM-based vision-sharing council were reviewed, and the applicability and necessity of the SVM-based vision-sharing council were confirmed..

Group theory was used to analyze how the related interest groups struggle with each other in the sponge city construction boom in China. The Chinese central government, local city government, banks or financial companies, construction companies, and the publics were included in the analysis. In the recent two years after the start of the first batch of sponge city construction pilot project, the following problems occurred. There is lack of related technology standard and regulation. There exist the fragmentation problems in several aspects. And the difficulties on construction plan design due to the geographical diversity have to been faced up. It is hard to draw out the final conclusion since the sponge city project is still going on now. In the long term, the sponge city construction should be the right direction for city development. But more research and related scientific top-level design is needed.

For nearly two years, virtual learning has been employed by most Korean university instructors and students in online teaching environment. A major negative result of prior research on this issue has been a feeling of isolation and desire for more interactions by students. Therefore, this study was conducted to elicit student insights and feelings related to their satisfaction, self-ratings, and advantages and disadvantages of online Teacher-led (TL) versus Student-led (SL) team activities in their online learning environment. A total of 53 freshman students in two general English classes took part in four Zoom group meetings. The surveys and reflection essay were analyzed through qualitative methods. Major findings included: students from both the TL and SL groups reported relatively higher satisfaction and self-ratings of English skills through the four team activities. However, the TL group indicated that there was a lack of emphasis on reading skills, and an overreliance on teacher interventions led to a lack of team cooperation. While the SL group reported that a lack of teacher interaction led to confusion, poor time management, increased Korean use, and fewer listening comprehension opportunities. Implications and a discussion of team activity use in general English programs are included.

This research examined the effects on sociality and social relationship of therapeutic recreation program (TRP) based on partner and group activity in the institutionalized elderly as the level of psycho-social reha-bilitations. TRP sessions were designed to encourage interaction and social relationship between two people or groups performing different types of tasks applied on Mosey’s 5-step interaction skills. TRP was conducted for a total of 8 sessions, once a week, for 8 weeks. Using a pre-post experimental design, eight volunteer’s data were analyzed to examine changes in sociality and social relationship. As the result, the degree of sociality was significantly changed from 3.14 to 3.73 (P= 0.002), as well as notable improvements of social relationships were found to have statistically increased from 3.27 to 4.10 (P=0.001). There-fore, this study suggests that partner and group-based recreation pro-grams while considering how and when facilitate interaction between participants should be applied as a way to solve the social problems and isolation of the elderly in the future.

With the diverse digitalization of museum service, online reservation system of museum has been one of the management strategies to enhance museum visitors’ experience. The study integrates Information System Success Model and Technology Acceptance Model with the moderating role of generational differences to explore the psychological mechanism of visitors’ usage intention. As results, it was empirically investigated that museum visitors perceived ease of use didn’t predict their usage intention for the whole sample. While other proposed relationships have all been confirmed. Moreover, X and Z generational discrepancies exist on the relationship between perceived ease of use and usage intention. Consequently, the study could provide implications to the promotion of digitalized service of museum and generational differences confirmed by the present study could serve as a research paradigm for future research pertinent to online reservation of museums.

목적: 본 연구는 “학술연구정보서비스”에서 “아시안뷰티화장품학술지”와 국내 학술지 논문 제목에서 “화장품”을 키워드로 사용 하는 학술지의 연구 논문 초록을 크롤링하여, 이들 두 집단은 과연 차별화된 정체성으로 포지셔닝되어 있으며, 어떠한 유사도와 차 이점을 가지고 있을까? 에 대한 의문으로 시작하였다. 방법: 본 연구를 수행하기 위해 Python version 3.10.9 프로그램을 이용하여 학술연구정보서비스에서 아시안뷰티화장품학술지 433편의 연구 논문과 ‘화장품’이라는 키워드로 5,232편의 연구 논문을 크롤링하 여 전처리 과정을 거쳐서 군집 분석, 공저자 네트워크 분석, 토픽 모델링 분석, 유사도 분석을 시행하였다. 결과: 두 학술지 집단은 모두 공통적으로 화장품 산업의 핵심 요소인 피부, 소비자 행동, 브랜드 전략 등 다양한 주제를 다루고 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 세 부적으로는 연구 초점이 다르게 나타났으며, 정체성이 차별화되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 공저자 네트워크 분석에서 나타난 각 중심성 분석 결과는 연구의 시너지 효과 극대화를 위한 각 공저자의 역할과 영향력을 알 수 있었으며, 아시안뷰티화장품학술지는 비교 대상 군과는 다른 고유한 차별화된 정체성을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine whether the “Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology” and domestic journals that use “cosmetics” as a keyword in the abstract of their paper, are positioned with differentiated identities and to identify the similarities and differences between them. All articles were procured from the “Research Information Sharing Service.” Methods: Python version 3.10.9 was used in this study to identify 433 research papers from the “Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology” and 5,232 research papers with the keyword “cosmetic” from the “Research Information Sharing Service.” After preprocessing the articles, a co-author network analysis was performed, followed by cluster analysis and topic modeling analysis. Four types of similarity analyses were performed based on the results obtained. Results: The two journal groups were found to commonly cover a variety of topics such as skin, consumer behavior, and brand strategy, that are central to the cosmetics industry. However, the research topics had different central focuses, indicating distinct identities. Conclusion: The centrality analysis results from the co-authorship network analysis revealed the roles and influence of each co-author in maximizing the synergy of research. The identity of the Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology was found be unique and differentiated, compared with the comparison group.

目的: 这篇研究始于一个关于以下问题：在“学术研究信息服务”中《亚洲美容学术杂志》与国内学术期刊的论文题 目中以“化妆品”为关键词的期刊的论文摘要进行网络爬行，对这两个群体是否真正具有差异化的本质定位，他 们有哪些相同点和不同点？ 方法: 本研究使用Python 3.10.9版本识别出来自《亚洲美容与美容杂志》的433篇研 究论文以及来自“学术研究信息服务”的5,232篇关键词为“化妆品”的研究论文。对文章进行预处理后，进行合著 者网络分析，然后进行聚类分析和主题建模分析。根据获得的结果进行了四种类型的相似性分析。结果: 发现这 两个期刊组普遍涵盖了化妆品行业核心的各种主题，例如皮肤、消费者行为和品牌战略。然而，研究主题的中 心点不同，表现出不同的本性。结论: 合着网络分析的中心性分析结果揭示了每位合著者在最大化研究协同作用 中的作用和影响。与对照组相比，《亚洲美容与美容杂志》的本质是独特且有区别的。

[목적] 본 연구는 중국인들의 골프참여 행동에 관한 구조관계를 분석하여 중국의 골프 참여인구증진에 필요한 기 초자료를 제공하고자 하였다. [방법] 본 연구대상자는 중국의 심천, 광저우, 하먼시에 소재하는 12개의 골프장과 연습장 이용객 570명을 대상으로 2014년 10월부터 12월까지 설문조사를 실시하여 유효표본 519명을 본 연구자료 로 사용하였다. 자료처리방법으로는 적합성 분석, 공분산분석, 그리고 AMOS(구조 방정식 모형) 통계방법을 이용 하여 골프참여 행동에 대한 영향력을 규명하였다. [결과] 준거집단은 사회적 요인의 영향을 받아 골프참여 행동의 결정에 영향을 주는 것으로, 준거집단의 정보 및 실용적인 측면 또한 중국인들의 골프참여 행동에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다, 그러나 표현가치 행동 측면은 중국인들의 골프참여 행동에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. [결론] 골프 참여 행동은 사회적 요인에 영향을 받으며, 긍정적인 정보는 참여에 대한 열정을 높이는데 도움이 된다.

[Purpose] The article used literature analysis and structural equation model to build the hypothesis structure about reference group and the golf participation behavior in China. [Method] A total of 570 questionnaires were released in 12 golf courses and driving ranges in Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Xiamen From October to December in 2014, and 519 valid questionnaires were returned. Questionnaires were used to obtain first-hand data, while Good-Of-Fit Analysis, Covariance Analysis and AMOS were used to analysis the influence degree among various dimensions of the reference group to golf participation behavior. [Result] The results showed that reference group affected the decisions of golf participation behavior in China, and the information and utilitarian aspects in reference groups significantly affected the golf participation behavior in China, while the expression value act had no effect on Chinese golf participation behavior. [Conclusion] In conclusion, golf participation behavior influenced by social factors, and positive information offered also helps to increase the enthusiasm of participation.