Earticle

본 연구는 기하학적 구조 추상미술에서 선의 활용이 예술적 표현의 중요한 요소임을 확인하 였다. 선의 중첩을 통해 형성된 기하학적 패턴은 작품에 내재된 리듬과 조화, 감정과 철학, 공간과 시간, 문화적 융합, 사회적 메시지와 상징성을 시각적으로 표현하는 데 중요한 역할 을 한다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 선의 활용이 기하학적 추상미술에서 중요한 위치를 차지하며, 현대미술에 새로운 가능성과 깊이를 제공함을 입증하였다. 본 연구는 향후 기하학적 추상미 술에서 선의 활용에 대한 더욱 심도 있는 연구와 다양한 접근을 통해 예술적 표현의 지평을 넓히는데 기여 할 것이다.

This study confirmed that the use of lines in geometric structure abstract art is an important element of artistic expression. The geometric pattern formed through the overlap of lines plays an important role in visually expressing the rhythm and harmony, emotion and philosophy, space and time, cultural fusion, social message and symbolism inherent in the work. Through this, this study proved that the use of lines occupies an important position in geometric abstract art and provides new possibilities and depth to contemporary art. This study will contribute to expanding the horizon of artistic expression through more in-depth research and various approaches on the use of lines in geometric abstract art in the future.

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 4학년 학생들의 기하 패턴에 대한 이해 실태를 조사하 는 것이다. 이를 위해 10종의 검정 교과서와 선행 연구에서 제시하는 다양한 기하 패턴을 분석한 결과를 토대로 6개의 패턴 유형을 추출하였다. 또한 Radford의 패턴 일반화 수준에 대한 이론을 바탕으로 문항을 구성하였다. 초등학교 4학년 학생 258 명의 자료를 수집하여 분석한 결과, 기하 패턴에 대한 학생들의 이해는 패턴 유형 에 따라 차이가 있었는데, 특히 반복 패턴이나 증가 패턴에 회전 패턴이 포함되는 경우 정답률이 낮았다. 각 패턴 유형별로 살펴보면, 모양의 배열에서 패턴의 공통 성을 찾는 문항의 정답률이 가까운 항을 찾는 문항의 정답률보다 낮았다. 또한 특 정한 항을 찾기 위한 규칙을 서술할 때보다 몇째를 찾기 위한 규칙을 서술할 때 패턴 일반화의 수준이 상승하는 경향이 있었다. 학생들의 패턴 일반화 수준은 찾은 규칙을 언어적으로 표현하는 맥락적 일반화 수준이 가장 많이 나타났다. 본 연구는 이러한 결과들을 토대로 패턴 지도 방안에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다.

The purpose of this study was to analyze fourth-grade students’ understanding of geometric patterns. For this purpose, six pattern types were extracted from an analysis of various geometric patterns presented in 10 government-authorized textbooks and related previous studies. A written assessment was developed according to the six pattern types based on Radford's levels of pattern generalization. The participants of this study were 258 fourth-grade students. The results of this study showed that students’ understanding of geometric patterns differed depending on the pattern types. Specifically, the correct answer rates decreased when rotating patterns were combined into repeated patterns or growing patterns. Students revealed more difficulties in recognizing the commonality of the given patterns than in finding the specific answer for the subsequent term. It was noticeable that the levels of pattern generalization tended to increase when students were asked to describe a generalized rule compared to describing a rule for finding a specific far value. Contextual generalization was the most popular regardless of the pattern types. Based on these results, this study provided implications to teach patterns to elementary school students.

A Korean traditional pattern can be described as the cultural heritage that contains the identified emotions and history of our ancestors. They created beauty in life by decorating their surroundings with particular and distinct patterns. Now that the interests in culture has been the focus of a lot of research fields, and that is related to rediscovering the cultural identity of our past. One of the recent trends in the field is to apply these cultural aspects, such as historical patterns, into modern design in order to promote the Korean culture and the arts to the world. Therefore, creating designs that contain originality based on the traditional patterns can become the ompetitive advantage of the Korean design as a whole. For example, Japan has already been promoting their traditional patterns as various design products to the world. Similar to what Japan has been doing, Korea needs to emphasis on the traditional patterns in order to create synergy in modern designs by implementing the old into new. Indeed, comparing and analyzing the traditional patterns of the two countries is critical in developing a superb conceptual guideline for Korea’s path in design. This study focuses on comparing and analyzing geometric patterns of Korea and Japan. This research will contribute to the field by providing in depth intellectual means of patterns as cultural and traditional heritage. Furthermore, it will be a foundational work to spread distinct Korean designs to the world.

국내외 음료시장 경쟁이 치열해지면서 제품 패키지에 대 한 소비자들의 미적 요구가 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라, 제품 패키지가 소비자에게 주는 첫인상은 매출 증대에 지대한 영 향을 미치고 있다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 소비자의 욕구에 충족할 수 있는 기하학 패턴의 특징을 파악하여 효과적인 야 자수 스페셜 에디션 패키지디자인을 제안하는 것이다. 문헌 연구와 사례 분석을 통해 기하학 패턴과 스페셜 에디션 패키 지 정의, 특성, 역할 그리고 연관성을 정리하였다. 또한 세계 적으로 유명한 음료 브랜드 5개와 브랜드 상위 8개의 코코넛 음료를 연구 범위로 선정하고, 이를 바탕으로 기하학 패턴을 사용하여 15개의 야자수 스페셜 에디션 패키지의 스케치를 하였다. 소비자 설문 조사를 통해 3개의 스케치를 세분화하 였으며, 최종적으로 전문가 인터뷰를 통해 가장 많은 선택을 받은 디자인을 스페셜 에디션 패키지로 최종 선정하였다. 기 존 패키지와 리뉴얼된 패키지의 선호도를 비교 조사 결과, 기 하학 패턴을 사용한 스페셜 에디션 디자인 패키지가 심미성, 고유성, 주목성, 미각성, 구매 욕구 측면에서 크게 개선된 것 으로 검증 되었다. 본 연구를 통해 스페셜 에디션 패키지 개 발에 기하학 패턴을 사용하면 소비자의 구매 욕구를 상승시 킬 수 있음을 확인하였으며, 본 연구가 향후 유사 연구에 좋 은 참조가 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

With the rapid development of the commodity economy, people's aesthetic demand for product packaging is also gradually increasing. In the fierce market competition, th e first impression that product packaging brings to consu mers is particularly important. The purpose of the resear ch is to enhance consumers' desire to buy by grasping the characteristics of geometric patterns and proposing ef fective special edition packaging design plans based on p roduct characteristics and brand ideas. For this, literature research and case studies are used to understand the defi nition, characteristics, function and connectivity of geome tric patterns and special edition packaging. Five world-fa mous beverage brands and eight of the world's most accl aimed coconut milk brands were also selected as researc h areas. On this basis, sketch plans for 15 special edition packaging designs were drawn, and in the end, an expert interview was used to arrive at a special edition package with the most attractive geometric pattern. Therefore, a comparative survey was conducted on the degree of popu larity of the existing packaging of “coconut palm” coconu t milk and the updated packaging. The results showed th at there was an improvement in all aspects compared to the existing packaging. Through this article, incorporatin g unique geometric patterns in the development process of special edition packaging can satisfy the individualized demand of customers towards the commodities’ package, thereby increasing consumers' desire of purchasing.

기술의 급속한 발전과 소비자 수요의 변화로 시장 경쟁이 점점 더 치열해지고 있다. 브랜드 포스터 디자인은 브랜드 인지도와 기업 경쟁력에 중요한 역할을 한다. 기하학 패턴은 혁신적인 디자인 요소로서, 간결함과 대칭성 등의 특징으로 신속하게 관객의 주의를 끌며, 브랜드 인지도 강화에도 큰 도움을 준다. 본 연구는 브랜드 인지도를 높이기 위해 기하학 패 턴을 활용하여 샤오미 브랜드 포스터 디자인을 개선하는 것 을 목표로 한다. 연구 방법은 문헌 검토를 통해 기하학 패턴, 포스터 디자인 및 브랜드 인지도에 대한 개념과 특징을 고찰 하고, 전문가 포커스 인터뷰를 통해 각각의 상호관계에 대한 이론적인 내용을 살펴본다. 연구 범위는 브랜드 권위 평가 기관이 제시한 전 세계 인지도 상위 6개의 기술 브랜드 기하학 포스터 사례를 비교 분석하여, 기하학 패턴 포스터 디자인 전 략을 도출하는 것으로 한다. 소비자를 대상으로 샤오미 기존 포스터와 리뉴얼 포스터에 대한 선호도를 온라인 설문조사한 결과, 기하학 패턴을 사용한 리뉴얼 포스터가 전달성, 식별성, 주목성, 각인성, 구매의도에서 전체 평균이 1.08점 상승하였다. 이는 기하학 패턴 포스터가 브랜드 인지도를 향상시키는데 효과적이며, 전략적으로 시장 포지셔닝과 소비자 인식에 부합함을 입증한다. 또한 기업 발전전략에서 기하학 패턴 디자인 전략이 브랜드 홍보, 제품 개발 및 시각적 마케팅에서 브랜드 이미지 일관성을 유지하는 효과적인 방법이며, 이를 통해 산업 발전 목표를 보다 더 잘 실현할 수 있음을 시사한다.

With the rapid development of science and technology and changes in consumer demand, market competition is becoming increasingly fierce. Brand poster design plays an important role in brand recognition and enterprise com petitiveness. This study aims to improve Xiaomi brand p oster design by utilizing geometric shapes to increase bra nd awareness. The concepts and characteristics of geome tric shapes, poster design and brand awareness are explo red through a literature review, and the theoretical conte nt of their interrelationship is explored through expert foc us interviews. The scope of the study is to derive geomet ric poster design strategies through a comparative analys is of the poster cases of the top six globally recognized technology brands selected by authoritative brand rating agencies. After conducting an online survey on consumer s' preferences for Xiaomi's original and updated posters, the results showed that the updated poster with geometri c patterns improved the overall average of communicatio n power, recognition, attention, memory and purchase int ention by 1.08 points. This proves that geometric posters are effective in increasing brand awareness and that geo metric patterns are strategically aligned with market posi tioning and consumer perceptions. It also shows that geo metric pattern design strategy is an effective way to mai ntain brand image consistency in brand promotion, produ ct development and visual marketing in the enterprise de velopment strategy, which can better realize the industria l development goals.

A Korean traditional pattern can be described as the cultural heritage that contains the identified emotions and history of our ancestors. They created beauty in life by decorating their surroundings with particular and distinct patterns. Now that the interests in culture has been the focus of a lot of research fields, and that is related to rediscovering the cultural identity of our past. One of the recent trends in the field is to apply these cultural aspects, such as historical patterns, into modern design in order to promote the Korean culture and the arts to the world. Therefore, creating designs that contain originality based on the traditional patterns can become the ompetitive advantage of the Korean design as a whole. For example, Japan has already been promoting their traditional patterns as various design products to the world. Similar to what Japan has been doing, Korea needs to emphasis on the traditional patterns in order to create synergy in modern designs by implementing the old into new. Indeed, comparing and analyzing the traditional patterns of the two countries is critical in developing a superb conceptual guideline for Korea’s path in design. This study focuses on comparing and analyzing geometric patterns of Korea and Japan. This research will contribute to the field by providing in depth intellectual means of patterns as cultural and traditional heritage. Furthermore, it will be a foundational work to spread distinct Korean designs to the world.

관광을 테마로 하는 중소도시는 지역의 정체성 확립과 대외홍보를 위한 특화사업으로 그 지역만의 문화자원 을 발굴하여 다양한 문화상품개발에 적극 활용하고 있다. 이제 문화상품은 그 지역이 갖고 있는 특정한 문화 자원을 극대화시켜 지역 경제 활성화를 도모할 수 있는 유용한 수단이 되었다. 현대인들의 상품 선호성향은 상품의 품질 뿐만 아니라 상품 속에서 문화적 가치가 담긴 미적, 예술적 측면까지도 함께 즐기며 체험하고 있 다. 따라서 본 연구는 강릉커피축제를 비롯해서 커피에 관련된 문화가 활성화 된 강릉의 지역적 특성을 고려 하여 강릉의 역사인물 난설헌 허초희의 캘리그래피를 활용하여 잔(杯) 도자상품의 문양으로 활용할 수 있는 패턴디자인을 개발하고자 한다. 패턴으로 활용할 이미지는 난설헌의 친필서체 캘리그래피와 아르 데코 양식 의 기하학적 문양을 접목시켜 창의적인 패턴으로 디자인하고 이를 잔 종류에 적용하여 문화상품에 활용 할 수 있음을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구에 앞서 연구자는 선행논문으로 난설헌의 친필서체를 텍스타일디자인에 활용하는 패턴디자인을 연구 하였다.(양순영,임혜숙2013) 선행논문에서 연구한 패턴디자인은 텍스타일디자인에 국한된 점이 있어 본 연구 에서는 초서체의 특징인 곡선과 아르 데코의 기하학적 문양을 접목하여 개발한 패턴디자인을 잔(杯)에 적용시 켜 지역의 역사 문화적 요소와 현대디자인의 기하학적 형태가 접목된 새로운 패턴으로 개발하고자 한다. 지역 문화를 활용한 패턴디자인은 타 지역의 도자문화상품과의 차별화를 도모하고 독창적인 지역문화상품으로서 강릉의 이미지 구축과 홍보에 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

Tourism-themed small local cities have explored their own cultural resources and developed diverse cultural products to establish and advertise their own local identity. Now, cultural products are a useful means to promote local economy by maximizing the strength of local cultural resources. In the modern times, people tend to see cultural values from both artistic and aesthetic aspects when they buy a product as well as the quality of the product. Therefore, this study attempted to develop pattern design which could be used as a cup pattern in ceramic ware using the handwriting of Nanseolheon Heo Cho-hui who was born in Gangneung considering local characteristics in which coffee-related culture is flourished including Gangneung Coffee Festival. For images to be used as patterns, Nanseolheon's handwriting and Art Deco's geometric patterns were mixed and designed in creative patterns. Then, they were applied to tea deigns to develop them into cultural products. Prior to this study, the pattern design in which Nanseolheon's handwriting was used for textile design was studied. (Yang Soon-yeong, Im Hye-sook, 2013) In previous studies, pattern design was limited to textile design. Therefore, this study tried to develop new patterns which integrated local cultural factors and modern design after applying the developed pattern design to a cup. It appears that local culture-based pattern design would make Gangneung's ceramic cultural products differ from those in other regions and make contribution to the development and spread of its own image as a unique local cultural product.

Multi-carrier waveforms have several advantages over single-carrier waveforms for radar communication. Employing multi-carrier complementary phase-coded (MCPC) waveforms in radar applications has recently attracted significant attention. MCPC radar signals take advantage of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing properties, and several authors have explored the use of MCPC signals and the difficulties associated with their implementation. The sidelobe level and peak-to-mean-envelope-power ratio (PMEPR) are the key issues that must be addressed to improve the performance of radar signals. We propose a scheme that applies pattern-based scaling and geometric progression methods to enhance sidelobe and PMEPR levels in MCPC radar signals. Numerical results demonstrate the improvement of sidelobe and PMEPR levels in the proposed scheme. Additionally, autocorrelations are obtained and analyzed by applying the proposed scheme in extensive simulation experiments.

패턴 활동은 어린 학생들의 함수적 사고를 신장하는 데 효과적이지만, 구체적으로 패턴을 어떻게 지도해야 하는가에 대한 연구는 부족한 편이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초등학생의 함수적 사고를 신장하기 위한 기하 패턴의 지도 방안을 도출하여, 이를 초등학교 수학 수업으로 구현한 사례를 분석하였다. 이를 위하여 초등학교 4학년 3개 학급을 선정하였고, 동일한 교수 학습 과정안을 바탕으로 세 명의 초등학교 교사들이 각 학급에서 수업을 진행하였다. 수업은 크게 공통성을 인식하는 과정, 공통성에 대한 인식을 확장하는 과정, 공통성을 표현하는 과정으로 구성하였으며, 분석 결과 기하 패턴의 구조를 분석하는 활동은 초등학교 4학년 학생들이 패턴의 일반화된 규칙을 추론하고 표현하는 활동에 영향을 주었다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 초등학생의 함수적 사고를 신장하기 위한 기하 패턴의 지도 방안에 대하여 시사점을 논의하였다.

Pattern activities are useful to develop functional thinking of young students, but there has been lack of research on how to teach patterns. This study explored teaching methods of geometric patterns for developing functional thinking of elementary school students, and then analyzed the lessons in which such methods were implemented. For this, three classrooms of fourth grades in elementary schools were selected and three teachers taught geometric patterns on the basis of the same lesson plan. The lessons emphasized noticing the commonality of a given pattern, expanding the noti ce for the commonality, and representing the commonality. The results of this study showed that experience of analyzing the structure of a geometric pattern had a significant impact on how the fourth graders reasoned about the generalized rules of the given pattern and represented them in various methods. This paper closes with several implications to teach geometric patterns in a way to foster functional thinking.

In textile industry, needs for various weave drafts have been increased to produce high qualified textile goods. One of disadvantages of traditional textile industry was spending time and money on manual sampling. Nowadays, however, weave draft design and sampling using CAD programs reduce these consumption efficiently. Therefore, this study aimed to provide high qualified woven fabrics by weave draft designs influenced by geometric patterns. First, We analyzed geometric patterns, except for dot, stripe, and checks, in fashion collections from 2009 to 2014 S/S. Then, based on these analyses, design concepts were decided. Third, weave drafts influenced by geometric patterns were designed with weave CAD program, TEX PRO 10.0 by Youngwoo CNI inc. Forth, We simulated fabrics woven by new drafts using CAD programs, depending on fibers, yarns, density of woven, colors, and finishes. Unclassified geometric patterns would be expressed by small size patterns that influenced by retro moods, square patterns with various color variation, zigzag lines, and pieces of puzzles. Three design concepts were decided as greenness, neoclassic, and romantic chic. Thus, geometric patterns for printing were created as drafts for general looms, and one repeat of each draft were provided. According to the design concepts, we designed 13 fabrics with 4 geometric patterns weaving drafts. All Drafts were designed with CAD programs. Finally, same drafts were simulated as woven fabrics for both S/S and F/W seasons by changing each element, such as fiber, yarns, density, colors, and finishes.

Printed electronics devices are made of several sets of printed patterns. The quality or printability of the printed patterns determines the electrical performance of such devices. Moreover, control of the printability determines the reliability of such devices. Despite its importance, few studies have been reported for the measurement of the printed patterns to evaluate their printability. In this study, a measurement method is proposed for printed patterns, including the definition of the properties to be measured, and the related software is described. The proposed method measures the width, pinholes, and edge waviness and evaluates the printability of the patterns quantitatively. The proposed measurement method could be an efficient tool to evaluate and enhance the printability of printed patterns in printed electronics.