Earticle

본 연구는 A대학 교수·학습 성과관리의 문제점 분석을 바탕으로 PDCA 모형 기반의 교수·학습 성과지표를 개발함으로써 대학교육 전반의 질 제고를 도모하고자 하였다. 문헌연구를 통해 PDCA 모형 기반 성과관리 체계 및 주요 진단요소와 성과지표를 도출 하였으며 전문가 조사를 통해 내용타당도 및 현장적합성을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 계획 (Plan), 실행(Do), 평가(Check), 개선(Act)에 따른 총 12개의 진단요소와 39개의 세부 지표로 구성된 최종 성과지표(안)을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 A대학만의 특성화 지표를 개발하여 대학교육의 일반적 성과와 더불어 A대학에서 지향하는 지역사회 연계성과 융합교육에 대한 성과관리를 포함하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그러나 A대학의 사례 를 바탕으로 한 결과로 대학 성과관리 준거 개발을 위한 실질적인 개선방안을 마련하 는 데 유용할 수 있으나, 그 결과를 일반화기 어렵다는 한계점을 가지고 있다.

This study aimed to improve the quality of university education in general by developing a teaching and learning performance index based on the PDCA model based on the analysis of the problems of the teaching and learning performance management of University A. Through literature research, a PDCA model-based performance management system and key diagnostic elements and performance indicators were derived, and content validity and field suitability were verified through expert surveys. As a result, a final performance index (draft) consisting of a total of 12 diagnostic elements and 39 detailed indicators according to Plan, Do, Check, and Act was derived. This study is significant in that it developed a specialized index unique to University A and included performance management for community connection and integrated education that University A pursues in addition to the general performance of university education. However, although the results based on the case of University A can be useful in establishing practical improvement measures for the development of university performance management criteria, it has the limitation that it is difficult to generalize the results.

본 연구는 A대학 교수·학습 성과관리의 문제점 분석을 바탕으로 PDCA 모형 기반의 교수·학습 성과지표를 개발함으로써 대학교육 전반의 질 제고를 도모하고자 하였다. 문헌연구를 통해 PDCA 모형 기반 성과관리 체계 및 주요 진단요소와 성과지표를 도출 하였으며 전문가 조사를 통해 내용타당도 및 현장적합성을 검증하였다. 그 결과, 계획 (Plan), 실행(Do), 평가(Check), 개선(Act)에 따른 총 12개의 진단요소와 39개의 세부 지표로 구성된 최종 성과지표(안)을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 A대학만의 특성화 지표를 개발하여 대학교육의 일반적 성과와 더불어 A대학에서 지향하는 지역사회 연계성과 융합교육에 대한 성과관리를 포함하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 그러나 A대학의 사례 를 바탕으로 한 결과로 대학 성과관리 준거 개발을 위한 실질적인 개선방안을 마련하 는 데 유용할 수 있으나, 그 결과를 일반화기 어렵다는 한계점을 가지고 있다.

This study aimed to improve the quality of university education in general by developing a teaching and learning performance index based on the PDCA model based on the analysis of the problems of the teaching and learning performance management of University A. Through literature research, a PDCA model-based performance management system and key diagnostic elements and performance indicators were derived, and content validity and field suitability were verified through expert surveys. As a result, a final performance index (draft) consisting of a total of 12 diagnostic elements and 39 detailed indicators according to Plan, Do, Check, and Act was derived. This study is significant in that it developed a specialized index unique to University A and included performance management for community connection and integrated education that University A pursues in addition to the general performance of university education. However, although the results based on the case of University A can be useful in establishing practical improvement measures for the development of university performance management criteria, it has the limitation that it is difficult to generalize the results.

본 연구는 전 세계적으로 급증하는 한국어 학습 수요에 대응하여, 스마트폰만으로 정밀한 발음 교정이 가능한 시스템을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 기존의 2차원 평면 기반 음향 분석이 간과해 온 발화의 시공간적 안정성 (Stability)과 한국어 모음 변별의 핵심 기제인 입술 모양(lip rounding)을 통합적으로 분석한다. 연구 방법으로는 모바일 환경에서 선형 예측 부호화(LPC)를 통해 포먼트를 추출하고 커널 밀도 추정(KDE)을 적용하여 ‘3차원 포먼트 밀도’ 지형도 를 생성하며, 동시에 MediaPipe Face Mesh 기술로 입술의 개구도와 원순성을 정량화한다. 연구 결과, 개발된 시스템은 학습자가 생성하는 모음의 음향적 분산을 3차원 산맥 형태로 시각화하여 발음의 견고성을 인지하게 하였으며, 유사한 포먼 트 값을 가지더라도 입술 모양이 잘못된 경우를 실시간으로 탐지하여 교정 효율을 높였다. 본 연구는 ‘점’ 중심의 발음 평가를 ‘분포’ 중심으로 전환하고, 음성학과 컴퓨터 비전 기술을 융합하여 모바일 컴퓨터 기반 컴퓨터 보조 발음훈련 (computer-assisted pronunciation training; CAPT) 시스템의 새로운 표준을 제시하였다.

The rapid globalization of Korean culture has precipitated a surge in Korean language learners, yet effective pronunciation training remains a significant pedagogical bottleneck. Traditional Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Training (CAPT) systems typically rely on two-dimensional acoustic analysis or automatic speech recognition confidence scores. These methods fundamentally fail to capture the temporal stability of vowel production—treating pronunciation as a static point rather than a dynamic distribution—and neglect the critical articulatory role of lip kinematics. This research presents the development of a novel smartphone-based biofeedback system that integrates 3D Vowel Space Analysis with Real-Time Lip Contour Extraction. By employing Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) on accumulated formant trajectories, the system visualizes the "density" of a learner's pronunciation in three dimensions. Simultaneously, a computer vision pipeline utilizes the MediaPipe Face Mesh to extract facial landmarks, providing immediate visual feedback on lip rounding. This multimodal approach effectively decouples acoustic errors from articulatory misconfigurations.

Previous studies present the mixed results on online reputation mechanism. In this study, we have found that an approach based on Bayesian statistics can explain most results of previous studies which are conflicting with each others. With this model, we explain why negative ratings have more significant marginal impacts on sellers' reputation than positive ones do. Furthermore, we even show why the feedbacks with a few negative ratings may increase the value of the item and final prices by confirming buyers' prior beliefs on the sellers' reputation much more than those without negative ratings. Also, we explain why there are not many negative ratings. Even though some studies suggest this because of generosity of users, our model shows that the reason is that the existence of FS itself prevents bad sellers from participating to the market as a signal itself. Even further, we show how this extreme tendency of positive ratings gets even stronger as markets evolve. Finally, to validate our analytical results, we examine the previous studies and see what factors effect the outcomes of their analyses.

Background: We developed a machine vision technology program that tracks patients’ realtime breathing and automatically analyzes their breathing patterns. Materials and Methods: To evaluate its potential for clinical application, the image tracking performance and accuracy of the program were analyzed using a respiratory motion phantom. Changes in the stability and regularity of breathing were observed in healthy adult volunteers according to whether the breathing pattern mirrored the breathing guidance. Results and Discussion: Displacement within a few millimeters was observed in real-time with a clear resolution, and the image tracking ability was excellent. This result was consistent even in the sections where breathing patterns changed rapidly. In addition, the respiratory gating method that reflected the individual breathing patterns improved breathing stability and regularity in all volunteers. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that this technology can be used to set the appropriate window and the range of internal target volume by reflecting the patient’s breathing pattern during radiotherapy planning. However, further studies in clinical populations are required to validate this technology.

This study explores the effect of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilita-tion (PNF) exercises combined with a virtual reality (VR) motion capture system and concurrent feedback (CF) on early shoulder muscle activa-tion in healthy individuals. Thirty healthy participants sequentially per-formed three PNF diagonal 2 shoulder exercises: PNF alone, PNF with VR (PNF+VR), and PNF with VR and CF (PNF+VR+CF), with the latter two exercises presented in randomized order. Using wireless surface elec-tromyography and 3-dimensonal (3D) inertial measurement units, the activation of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), infraspinatus (INF), and serratus anterior (SA) muscles, as well as shoulder flexion, abduction, and external rotation range of motion, were recorded during three exercises. INF and LT muscles were activated earlier in abduction and flexion during PNF+VR and PNF+VR+CF exercises than in PNF alone (P<0.05). These muscles were also activated during the early external rotation phase during PNF alone (P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were observed in UT and SA muscle activation among PNF alone, PNF+VR, and PNF+VR+CF exercises (P>0.05). Integrating VR gaming elements and CF into PNF shoulder exercises may promote ear-ly muscle activation, offering a promising approach for advanced reha-bilitation strategies that can potentially improve patient outcomes. VR motion capture systems have the potential to transform traditional ther-apeutic approaches by increasing enjoyment and engage

The problem of choosing the right product that will best fit the consumers’ tastes and preferences also extends even in electronic commerce. However, e-commerce was able to create a technological proxy for this social filtering process that is called online Recommender Systems (RS). RS act as personalized decision guides, aiding users in decisions on matters related to personal taste. It has the potential to support and improve the quality of the decisions consumers make when searching for and selecting products and services online. However, most previous research on RS has focused on the statistical accuracy of the algorithms driving the systems, with little emphasis on interface issues and the user’s perspective. This study identified transparency and feedback as some of the possible ways to effectively evaluate recommender systems based from the users’ perspective. Thus, the goal of this research wants to focus on examining and identifying the roles of transparency and feedback in recommender systems and how it affect the user’s attitude towards the system.

A special cause producing temporary deviation in the underlying process can influence on process adjustment in First-Order System feedback control system. In this paper, the impact of special causes on the forecasts and the process adjustment that is based on the EWMA forecasts are derived for a first-order system. For some special causes with patterned type of contamination, the influence of the causes on the output process are explicitly investigated. A data set, contaminated by a special cause of level shift, is analyzed to confirm the impact numerically.

지금까지 국내 대학들이 역량 기반 교육을 위해 교육과정을 개편하고 운영하는 데에 집중하였다면, 이제는 교육과정을 구성하는 각 층위에서 역량 기반 교육이 제대로 작동 하는지 성과를 점검하는 방안에 대해 논의할 필요가 있다. 본 연구는 교육과정의 여러 층 위 중 교과목 단위에서 역량 기반 교육성과 관리 방안에 관심을 두고, 학기별로 산출되는 강의계획서, 강의평가, CQI 보고서의 연동 설계개발 방법을 제안하였다. 설계개발의 큰 방향은 교수자가 강의계획서와 CQI 작성을 통해 역량 기반 교육의 목표설정―운영―평 가―개선에 이르는 일련의 과정에 대한 연관성과 환류에 대해 인식하도록 하는 것이다. 본 연구는 ADDIE 모형을 기초로 2020년 3월부터 2021년 9월까지 약 1년 6개월에 걸 쳐 수행되었으며 구체적인 설계 방법은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 강의계획서 입력 시 교과목 기반 평가설계(CEA) 개념을 적용하여 역량 기반 교육목표와 학습성과를 연동하도록 설 계하였고, 교수자가 교육목표 달성 준거를 직접 설정하도록 하였다. 둘째, 강의평가 시 교과목에 해당하는 핵심역량 진단을 실시하고 전공역량 함양도를 측정하였다. 셋째, CQI 보고서는 교수자의 입력 영역을 최소화하는 대신 수업 운영 결과를 총체적으로 점 검할 수 있도록 시스템에서 보고서를 제공하고 역량 기반 교육목표 달성 결과가 표시되도록 하였다. 시스템 설계안은 전문가 검토를 거쳐 최종 개발되었으며, 사용성 평가와 실 제 사용자의 의견수렴을 거쳐 수정․보완되었다. 본 연구에서는 최종 개발된 강의계획서와 CQI 보고서의 구성요소, 주요 화면 등을 제 시하였으며, 시스템 구축 및 운영 맥락에서 고려해야 할 점들을 제안하였다. 본 연구를 통해 수업설계, 수업운영, 평가 및 개선의 각 과정이 분절된 요소가 아닌 하나의 체제 (System)로 인식되고, 역량 기반 교육의 환류체계로 기능하길 기대한다. 나아가 교육과 정 영역을 넘어 보편적인 역량 기반 교육 운영 모델로 활용되길 기대한다.

If domestic universities have focused on reorganizing and operating the curriculum for competency-based education, it is now necessary to discuss ways to check the performance of competency-based education. This study was interested in performance management measures for competency-based education at each course, and proposed a method for developing linked design of lecture plans, lecture evaluations, and CQI reports calculated by semester. The major direction of design is that to make professors aware of the order, relevance, and feedback of the competency-based education goal setting-operation-evaluation-improvement process through lecture plans and CQI preparation. Based on the ADDIE model, this study was conducted for about a year and a half from March 2020 to September 2021, and the specific design methods are as follows. Firstly, when entering a lecture plan, the concept of Course Embedded Assessment(CEA) is applied to link competency-based educational goals with learning outcomes, and professors directly ensure compliance with educational goals. Secondly, When students evaluate lectures, they are required to assess the extent to which the class has achieved core competencies and major competencies. Thirdly, The CQI report provides a comprehensive evaluation of the class operation results, aiming to display the achievements of competency-based education goals without minimizing the input from professors. The system design plan was finally developed after an expert review, and was revised and supplemented through usability evaluation and opinion collection. This study presents the components and main screens of the final developed lecture plan and CQI report, and proposes considerations for system construction and operation.

본 연구는 2022 개정 교육과정 교과서를 기반으로 블록 프로그래밍 자동 채점 및 피드백 시스템을 설계하고 예비 교원을 대상으로 사용성 및 학습 효과를 평가하였다. 요구 분석 결과, 교사들은 학습자 간 수준 차이로 인한 개별화 지도와 학습자의 오류에 대한 피드백 제공에 어려움을 느끼고 있었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 학습 데이터 수집, 정답 코드 기반 자동 채점 및 피드백 제공, 교수자용 대시보드 제공을 설계 원리로 설정하였다. 사용성 평가 결과, 전체 문항 평균 4.29점으로 응답자들은 시스템이 학습하기 쉽고 사용이 편리하다고 응답하였다. 또한 개선된 시스템을 적용한 수업에서 엔트리 스터디 모드 기반 수업과 비교하여 예비 교원의 프로그래밍 자기효능감이 유의미하게 향상되었다. 본 시스템은 블록 프로그래밍 수업에서 교사의 평가 부담을 낮추고 과정 중심의 개별화 피드백을 지원한다는 의의가 있다. 그러나 소규모 예비 교원 표본을 대상으로 한 예비 연구로서 한계를 갖는다. 향후 연구에서는 충분한 표본을 확보하고 실제 초등학교 현장에 적용하여 학습 효과를 실질적으로 검증할 필요가 있다.

This study designed an automatic grading and feedback system for block-based programming based on the 2022 Revised National Curriculum, and evaluated its usability and learning effects with pre-service teachers. A needs analysis found that teachers had difficulty providing individualized instruction and timely feedback due to varying learner levels. The system was built on three design principles: learning data collection, reference code-based automatic grading and feedback, and an instructor dashboard. Usability evaluation yielded a mean score of 4.29, with respondents rating the system as easy to learn and use. Pre-service teachers who used the improved system showed a statistically significant gain in programming self-efficacy compared to those using Entry's built-in study mode. The system reduces teachers' assessment burden and supports individualized feedback in block-based programming instruction. As a preliminary study with a small sample, future research should validate learning effects with a larger sample in actual elementary school settings.

웹 기반 교육 환경에서 학습자 특성에 따른 개별 적응적인 피드백 제공의 필요성에도 불구하고 학습자 특성의 변인 도출의 어려움과 이를 위한 체계적인 전략과 실천 도구 개발이 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 웹 기반 교수 학습 환경에서 중요시되고 있는 학습자 특성 변인 중에서 학습자의 학습 패턴을 Apriori 알고리즘을 이용하여 분석하고, 유사한 학습 패턴을 갖는 학습자들로 그룹화 하였다. 이를 기반으로 학습자 개인에게 학습 콘텐츠, 학습 경로, 학습 상황 등을 제공하기 위한 e-SRM 피드백 시스템을 설계하고 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 학습자 특성에 맞는 최적의 학습 환경을 제공해 줄 수 있는 기반을 조성할수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

In web-based education environment, it is necessary to provide individually adjusting feedback according to learner's characteristic. Despite this necessity, it is a current state that there are difficulties in deriving the variables of learners' characteristics and lack in developing the systematic strategies and practical tools for providing individually adjusting feedback. This study analyzed the learners' learning patterns, one of learner's characteristic variables regarded as important in web-based teaching and learning environment by employing Apriori algorithm, and also grouped the learners by learning pattern. Under this framework, the e-SRM feedback system was designed and developed to provide learning content, learning channel, and learning situation, etc. for individual learners. The proposed system in this study is expected to provide an optimal learning environment complying with learner's characteristic.

B2C(Business to Customer) 산업에 있어 효율적인 성과관리를 위해서는 고객이 원하는 서비스 요소를 추론하여 고 객이 원하는 서비스를 제공하고 그 결과를 평가하여 지속적으로 서비스품질 및 성과를 향상 할 수 있도록 해야 한다. 그것을 위한 중요한 요소는 고객 만족도의 정확한 피드백인데 현재 국내에는 고객의 만족도 측정에 대한 정량적이고 표 준화된 시스템이 열악한 상황이다. 최근 얼굴표정 및 생체데이터를 감지하여 사람의 감정을 인식하는 휴대폰 및 관련서 비스 기술에 관한 연구가 증가하고 있다. 얼굴에서의 감정인식은 현재 연구되어지는 여러 가지 감정인식 중에서 효율적 이고 자연스러운 휴먼 인터페이스로 기대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 효율적인 얼굴감정 인식에 대한 분석을 하고 고객의 얼굴감정인식을 이용하여 고객의 만족도를 추론할 수 있는 고객피드백시스템을 제안한다.

For competitiveness of national B2C (Business to Customer) service industry, improvement of process and analysis focused on customer and change of service system are needed. In other words, a business and an organization should deduce and provide what kind of services customers want. Then, evaluate customers’ satisfaction and improve the service quality. To achieve this goal, accurate feedbacks from customers play an important role; however, there are not quantitative and standard systems a lot in nation. Recently, the researches about ICT ( Information and Communication Technology) that can recognize emotion of human being are on the increase . The facial expression recognition among them is known as most efficient and natural human interface. This research analyzes about more efficient facial expression recognition and suggests a customer satisfaction feedback system using that.

An active suspension system has an external energy source, from which energy is constantly supplied to the system for continuous control of the vehicle's motion. There are some control strategies. In the study, the reduced-order active suspension control strategy via the singular perturbation technique is applied to the half car model which has 4 DOF. The performance of the hydraulic active suspension system utilizing this control strategy is investigated and compared with those of the systems with the full-order state feedback control and the sky-hook damping control. Their performances are compared through the computer simulation in the time and the frequency responses, respectively. In the transient response analysis, the C-language program is used, and Matlab program tool is used in the frequency response analysis. It is shown that the reduced-order control strategy yields almost the same performance as that of the full-order state feedback control, and gives better performance than that of the sky-hook damping control, especially in ride quality.

Asymmetrical walking pattern is a major issue that impedes functional recovery in the clinical setting. It results from the loss of the ability to maintain dynamic trunk stability and body weight balance. This study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a treadmill training performed under postural alignment corrected on a 3-D plane in people with chronic stroke. Four patients with chronic hemiparesis volunteered to participate in the study. The postural correction procedures were performed by a postural analysis system based on information obtained from a force plate with visual feedback. Then, all the subjects underwent the treadmill training with postural correction. The training was performed an hour, three times weekly for 4 weeks. Outcome measures included the 10-m walk test(10MWT), 6-min walk test(6MWT), walking ability questionnaire(WAQ), and activity-specific balance confidence scale(ABC), and gait parameters assessed by using the gait analysis system, with pretest and posttest measurements. The 10MWT, 6MWT, WAQ, and ABC scores improved by 38.30%(from 0.32 to 0.45 m/s), 59.55%(from 66.75 to 106.50 m), 17.50%(from 20.00 to 23.50 scores), and 24.49%(from 26.80% to 33.36%), respectively. In addition, remarkable improvements in step length(from 27.75 to 32.61 cm), stride length(from 52.01 to 60.31 cm), stance phase(from 61.75% to 62.00%), and swing phase(from 38.50% to 38.25%) were found on the affected side. These results indicate that the treadmill training performed under the correction of postural alignment may be favorably used to improve the walking ability in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.

본 논문에서는, PB/MC-CDMA 시스템의 성능을 향상시키기 위한 방법으로 파일롯 심볼 및 데이터 심볼을 이용한 결정 귀환 채널 추정 기법에 대하여 연구하였다. PB/MC-CDMA 시스템은 주파수 선택적 페이딩 채널 환경에 서 주파수 다이버시티 이득 및 주파수 영역 등화기를 통하여 좋은 비트오율을 얻을 수 있다. 그러나 정확한 채널 추 정이 되지 않을 경우 사용자간의 심각한 간섭이 발생하기 때문에 성능 저하가 일어난다. 제안 시스템은 1차 채널 추 정 값과 2차 채널 추정된 값을 결정 귀환시켜 채널을 추정함으로써 다중사용자 환경에서 시스템의 성능을 향상 시 킨다. 제안시스템의 성능 평가는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통하여 수행하였다. 본 논문에서 제안시스템을 통해 사용자간 의 간섭으로 인한 성능 저하를 보상하여 비트오율이 향상될 뿐만 아니라 채널 추정을 위한 파일롯 심볼의 수를 줄 일 수 있어 기존의 시스템보다 더 우수한 성능을 가지는 것을 확인 하였다.

In this paper, to improve the performance of PB/MC-CDMA system, we have researched about the decision feedback channel estimation method using the pilot symbol with data symbol. The PB/MC-CDMA system is able to obtain the improved BER by frequency diversity gain and frequency domain equalizer in the frequency selective fading channel. However, when it is not the estimating of channel exactly, it is degrading the performance of BER in the system for occurred the interference among users. To improve the performane system in the multi-user environment the proposed system is using the decision feedback to estimate channel using the channel estimated value of the first stage and second stage. The proposed system is evaluated by computer simulation. The proposed system is not only able to improve the performance of BER by decreasing the interference to each user, but also the proposed system is possible to reduce number of pilot symbol to estimate the channel. Therefore, it confirmed the proposed system improves the performance than the conventional system.

본 논문은 대학 강의의 상호작용 부재, 질문 기피, 피드백 지연 문제를 해결하고자 생성형 AI와 실시간 음성 인식(STT) 기술을 결합한 웹 기반 교수·학습 지원 시스템을 설계하고 개발한다. 제안 시스템은 전체 학습 과정을 세 단계로 구분하여 지원한다. 수업 중에는 학습자의 잠재적 의문점을 도출 하기 위해 교수자의 발화를 실시간으로 분석하여 질문 목록을 생성하고 익명 응답을 수집한다. 수업 직후에는 실제 수업 내용을 기반으로 핵심 키워드를 제공하여 교수자의 강의 성찰을 돕고, 학습자에 게는 강의 텍스트와 화면 캡처가 결합된 멀티모달 요약본을 제공하여 효율적인 복습을 돕는다. 수업 외적으로는 강의 자료 기반의 사고 유도형 Q&A와 과제에 대한 즉각적인 AI 예비 피드백을 제공한다. 구현한 시스템은 유의미한 교육 데이터가 효과적으로 추출됨을 확인하였으며, 주요 기능별 응답 지연 시간은 실제 수업 환경에서 수용 가능한 수준임을 확인하였다. 제안 시스템은 수업의 상호작용을 촉 진하고 적시 피드백과 맥락 기반의 복습 환경을 제공하여 학습 효과를 높이는데 기여한다.

This paper develops a web-based teaching and learning support system integrating generative AI and STT technology to address limited interaction, question avoidance, and delayed feedback in university lectures. The system operates across three phases. During class, it analyzes real-time speech to generate question lists and collects anonymous responses to identify learning needs. Post-class, it provides instructors with keywords for reflection and students with multimodal summaries (transcripts and screen captures) for review. Outside class, it offers hint-based Q&A and immediate AI feedback on assignments. Validation confirmed that the system effectively extracts meaningful educational data with acceptable response latency for classroom use. The proposed system contributes to enhancing learning effectiveness by promoting interaction and providing timely, context-aware review environments.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effectiveness of immediate feedback and informational prompt on safe sitting behaviors that may cause VDT syndromes. Participants were three white color workers and an ABCB within-subject design was adopted. Safety Posture System was developed specifically for the present study. The system could detect participants' unsafe sitting postures using sensors and provide feedback and prompt on the computer monitors. The results indicated that both immediate feedback and informational prompt considerably increased safe sitting behaviors. More importantly, the immediate feedback was more effective than the informational prompt in increasing safe sitting behaviors.

본 연구는 조직 지식관리시스템에 의해 발생 가능한 기술스트레스를 완화하는 조건을 제시하는 것에 목적이 있다. 세부적으로, 연구는 지식관리시스템의 기술 과부하와 기술 복잡성이 지식관리시스템 이용의도에 미치는 부정적 요인임을 밝히고, 진성 리더십과 피드백이 기술스트레스를 완화하는 것을 제시한다. 연구는 지식관리시스템을 도입한 조직의 구성원에게 설문을 실시하였다. 2021년 5월 온라인 설문을 실시하였으며, 417개의 표본을 확보하였다. 가설 검증은 AMOS 22.0을 활용하여 구조방정식모델링을 반영하여, 주 효과 분석과 조절 효과 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결 과, 진성리더십이 지식관리시스템 이용의도를 감소시키는 기술 과부하와 기술 복잡성의 영향을 완화 시켰다. 그리고, 피드백이 기술스트레스와 이용의도 간의 부정적 관계를 조절하였다. 연구는 조직원 관점에서 지식관리시스템 도입 및 적용 시 문제될 수 있는 기술스트레스 완화에 대한 조직 차원의 전략적 방향(진성리더십 및 피드백 활동 강화)을 제시한 관점에서 시사점을 가진다.

This study is to suggest conditions for mitigating techno-stress due to the adoption of the knowledge management system(KMS). Specifically, the study suggests that techno overload and techno complexity are negative factors on the intention to use KMS, and suggests that authentic leadership and feedback mitigate techno-stress. We conducted an online survey in May 2021 of employees in organizations that applied KMS, and obtained 417 samples. We performed the structural equation modeling of AMOS 22.0 for hypothesis testing and analyzed the main effect and the moderating effect. The result is as follows. First, techno overload and techno complexity reduced the intention to use the KMS. Second, authentic leadership increased the intention to use the KMS and mitigated techno overload and techno complexity. Third, feedback moderated the negative relationship between techno-stress and intention to use the KMS. The study has implications from the perspective of suggesting the strategic direction (authentic leadership and feedback) at the organizational level for mitigating techno-stress, which may be a problem when introducing and applying a KMS from the perspective of organization employees.

This paper describes the innovative Learner Intelligent Feedback System (IFS) in terms of a set of three agent: Interface Agent (IFA), Information Agent(IMA), and Intelligence Agent(ILA). The agent can deduce the correct answers to test questions and provide intelligent feedback and hints to the learner. The intelligent feedback system is : Firstly, system presents content in initial learning style. Secondly, learner takes a diagnostic test. Thirdly, system analyzes user performance. Fourth, system identifies concept deficiencies and chooses the best learning model. Finally, system dynamically creates a remedial course tailored to the learner. The learner takes the remedial course, at the end of which is another test. If the learner still does not get the concept, he or she is returned to another dynamically generated course presented in a different learning style. At the same time the tutor agent notifies that one of her students is having trouble. The Tutoring agents are the driving engine of the system. Their main tasks are to generate appropriate learning feedbacks for learners and provide new learning problems and advanced situations. IFS can be used for complete course training, including test from a remote site.

In this paper, both braking operation principle of PMSM (permanent magnet synchronous motor) and topological structure of voltage source inverter are analyzed. On this basis, mathematical model of energy feedback system is built in synchronously rotated d q coordinates according to design requirements of PMSM energy feedback system; and adopting SVPWM algorithm of direct current control, independent control of the active component and reactive component of grid-connected feedback current is realized, grid-connected feedback current is made able to track the change of grid voltage in real time and energy feedback of unity power factor is realized as well.