Earticle

We aimed to examine various characterized features and effects of gender-associated different parameters including exercise on the prev-alence of colorectal cancer by using data from the National Health In-surance Sharing Service Database (NHISS DB). Data from NHISS were collected on Koreans aged from 40 to 85 years and were subject-ed to thematic analysis. The colorectal cancer codes (C19, C20, D011, and D012) from Korean Standard Classification of Disease and Causes of Death selected a target study group, and t-test and logistic regres-sion were used. As results, the age was higher for men who had col-orectal cancer than the noncancer group; however, high and low blood pres-sure, hemoglobin, and age had lower values for the cancer group com-pared to their counterparts in women. Only total cholesterol in men and waist size in women between cancer and noncancer groups were shown to have significant differences. Serum glutamic pyruvic trans-aminase and alanine aminotransaminase (SGPT_ALT) showed signifi-cant differences for both sexes. In exercise-related parameter, the re-sponse number 2 (1–2 times/wk, 0.535 for odd ratio) in women and re-sponse number 3 (3–4 times/wk, 0.466 for odd ratio) in men were asso-ciated with a reduced incidence of colon cancer. There was a dif-fer-ence in parameters in colorectal cancer patients over 40 years old for both sexes, but not in SGPT_ALT. Regular physical activity might be one of strong factors affecting or predicting colorectal cancer incidence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Health Mileage Program (EHMP) to promote exercise amongst the elderly and assess the feasibility of the program. Methods: A literature review to identify the effects of exercise in the elderly was conducted. Relevant cases were investigated and in-depth interviews with exercise instructors were conducted, after which the EHMP was developed based on the assessment and tested in three regions. The outcome was evaluated using indicators such as attendance rate, number of participants, proportion of participants who received health education, and proportion of participants who measured their physical and mental status. Results: Based on assessment, we developed an EHMP composed of four steps. Following application of the EHMP in three regions, ≥80% of the participants received incentives. Additionally, ≥85% of participants underwent measurement of their physical and mental status. The proportion of participants who received health education differed among regions. Conclusion: The EHMP program increased participation and interest in exercise programs for the elderly. However, there is concern regarding availability due to regional differences in resources related to elderly exercise; therefore, it will be necessary to invest in infrastructure, including facilities, and knowledgeable instructors.

We investigated the effect of exercise rehabilitation based on fine mo-tor movement for the elderly with mild dementia. Using electroenceph-alogram (EEG), the change of brain wave of them based on fine motor movement and comparing the improvement level of cognitive ability and performance capability in daily living activity was recorded. The subjects were the elderly with mild dementia living in a sanatorium in Incheon city. Mini-Mental Status Examination, activity of daily living (ADL), and the influence on depression were examined. After 8-week exercise program, significant difference in cognitive function and ADL was observed, however, and there was no significant difference in de-pression. In the EEG, there was a significant difference in α-wave. This study suggests the chance to remind the necessity of exercise programs for improving cognitive function and ADL of the elderly with dementia.

The purpose of this study was to develop exercise program for children and adolescent students with ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactive disorder) and to evaluate the usefulness of this program. For the purpose, 4 students aged 7 and above executed the pre-designed exercise program for 24 weeks. The exercise program consisted of 5 types of gymnastic postures based on oriental and western medicine and the exercise was performed for 30 minutes, three-times a week. Thirteen parameters regarding ADHD diagnosis, Conners' Teacher Rating Scale, and self-esteem were evaluated at pre- and post-exercise program and the results were compared. All 4 students completed the 24 weeks of exercise program. Even though the number of subjects was small the exercise program showed a improving tendency especially in depression/agitation, concentration, and internalization parameters. Further study including larger number of subjects is needed.

본 연구는 MCI 인지 노인의 음악 리듬과 운동 중 뇌 활성화를 위한 인지과제를 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 참가자 는 총 8명의 여성 노인이며, 운동개입 기간은 12주간 수행 하였다. 측정은 ERP성분 중 P300지표와 HDS-R을 이용하였 다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. P300은 실험1과 실험2에서 자극제시 후 약 300~450ms의 머리 중간선 위의 기록 영역에 서 최대 양성 성분을 EEG로 결정하였다. P300의 잠복기는 두정맥 영역에서 전두부 영역으로 확장되었음을 알 수 있다. 진폭은 전두부 영역에서 두정부 영역으로 유의한 증가를 나타냈다. 실험1에서 P300의 잠복기는 실험2 보다 크게 단축되 었다. 청각 자극 조건에서 실험 1의 반응 시간은 실험 2의 반응 시간보다 현저히 짧게 나타났다.

This study was conducted to investigate the cognitive tasks for brain activation during music rhythm and exercise in MCI cognitive elderly. The participants were eight female elderly people. The exercise intervention period is 12 weeks, and then the effective brain cognitive physical activity program is presented by using P300 index and HDS-R. The results of this study were as follows: P300 was determined as the maximum positive component EEG in the recording area above the midline of the head about 300 to 450ms after presentation of the stimulus shown in both Experiments 1 and 2. The latent phase of P300 showed an extension from the parietal region to the frontal region. The amplitude showed a significant increase from the frontal region to the parietal region. The latent phase of P300 in Experiment 1 was significantly shortened than in Experiment 2. The reaction time of Experiment 1 was significantly shorter than that of Experiment 2 under the auditory stimulus condition.

The purpose of this study was to develop safe and effective exercise rehabilitation program for the general public. For the purpose, men aged 40 and above(47 subjects) executed the exercise rehabilitation program for 8 weeks. The results were as follows; 1. There was a significant difference in flexibility between pre and post exercise 2. There was s significant difference in cardiovascular endurance between pre and post exercise 3. There was a significant difference in body fat % between pre and post exercise 4. There was a significant difference in fasting blood sugar between pre and post exercise 5. There was a significant difference in total cholesterol between pre and post exercise 6. There was a significant difference in bone density between pre and post exercise 7. There was not a significant difference in isokinetic muscular function(muscle strength & endurance of knee extension)

The purpose of this study was to develop safe and effective comprehensive exercise rehabilitation program for the elderly. For the purpose, men(11 subjects)and woman(12 subjects) aged 65 and above executed the comprehensive exercise rehabilitation program for 12 weeks. The results were as follows; 1. There was a significant difference in LDL cholesterol among blood analysis between pre and post exercise 2. There was s significant difference in depression and cognitive function between pre and post exercise 3. There was a significant difference in basic physical fitness(grasping power, leg power and movement ability) except balance between pre and post exercise

본 연구는 회전근개 수술 후 전신진동운동기구를 이용한 운동 프로그램의 효과를 알아보고자 실시하였다. 회전근 개 파열로 관절경 수술을 받은 총 22 명의 남성환자를 대상으로 하였으며, 일반적인 물리치료만 적용한 비교집단과 진동 운동기구를 이용한 운동그룹으로 무선배정하였다. 운동 그룹은 45분의 운동을 주3회 실시하여 12주동안 적용하였다. 12주 후 진동운동을 이용하여 재활운동을 적용하여 효과를 검증하기 위해 통증, 관절가동범위, 등척성 근력 및 어깨기능 을 측정하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 두 그룹 모두 통증이 감소했지만 그룹 간 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 관절가동범위에 서는 운동집단만이 유의한 변화를 보였다(p <.05). 등척성 근력은 굴곡근력에서 비교집단은 유의한 변화가 없었으나 운동집단에서는 굴곡과 신전근력 모두 유의한 증가를 나타냈다(p < .05). 어깨기능에서는 두 그룹 모두에서 유의한 개선 을 보였다 (p <.05) 결과를 종합하면 진동운동기구를 사용하여 재활운동을 실시하여 통증, 관절가동범위, 등척성 근력 및 어깨기능의 개선을 유도하였으며 회전근개 수술환자의 재활운동으로 추천될 수 있을 것이다.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise program using vibrator after rotator cuff operation. Methods: A total of 22patients were included in this randomized controlled trial. 45 minutes sessions of exercise group were performed three times a week for 12 weeks in the exercise group. Physical therapy was conducted in the control group. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 12 weeks. The outcome was measured using the visual analogue scale of pain(VAS). ROM measured using a goniometer, shoulder isometric strength measured using a manual muscle test device, and the simple shoulder test. Results: Pain was reduced in both groups, but there wasno difference between groups. In the range of joint movement, only the exercise group showed a significant change(p < .05). Isometric muscle strength was not significantly changed in only control group in flexion strength. Simple shoulder test showed significant improvement in both groups(p < .05). Conclusion: The exercise program with vibrator in this study improved postoperative pain, range of motion, muscle strength, and shoulder function. Therefore, we recommend exercise programs with vibrator after surgical treatment for rotator cuff injury.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop and pilot test an early exercise program for lumbar spine surgerypatients. Methods: A group of experts developed an early exercise program based on the exercise guidelines ofspine hospitals and literature review. Fifty-three lumbar surgery patients were assigned into an experimental groupor a control group and both groups participated in a 7-day exercise program. Pain, sleep disorders and daily livingactivity disorders were measured by self-administered questionnaires. The lower extremity strength was assessedby thigh circumference and the number of standing up from a chair within 30 seconds. Results: The experimentgroup had significantly lower scores in back pain and daily living activity disorders than the control group. The numberof standing up from a chair significantly increased in the experimental group. Conclusion: Our early exerciseprogram was effective in decreasing the back pain and daily living activity disorder and increasing the strength oflower extremity among lumbar surgery patients. The early exercise program should be considered as a nursingintervention in clinical settings for lumbar surgery patients.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop the progressive lower-extremity exercise program for patients with total kneereplacement arthroplasty and to evaluate its effectiveness on knee functions. Methods: A non-equivalentquasi-experimental design with matching sample was used. The control group was recruited prior to the experimentalgroup with the matched inclusion criteria for age, gender, and duration of osteoarthritis. The experimental group(n=34) participated in the 8-week progressive lower-extremity exercise program and completed both pretest andposttest with the dropout rates of 15%. The control group (n=35) received conventional exercise intervention duringthe study period with the dropout rates of 17.5%. Outcome measures were days to achieve possible range of motion,lower-extremity strength, and knee symptoms and function. Data were collected from April, 2019 to March, 2020and analyzed with a x2 test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN V. 23.0. Results:The progressive lower-extremity exercise program consisted of pre-op education, post-op progressive exerciseprovided 2~3 times/day with progressive intensity and duration, followed by pre-discharge education. The studyparticipants were 71.7 years old in average, mostly women, and having osteoarthritis for 9.3 years. The experimentalgroup reported significant improvement in lower-extremity strength and knee symptoms and function compared totheir controls after 8 weeks based on interaction effects. No significant interaction effect was found in days to achievepossible range of motion. Conclusion: The progressive lower-extremity exercise program provided additionalbenefits over the conventional exercise to patients with total knee replacement arthroplasty. This program is easilyapplicable and useful as rehabilitation nursing strategies in this population.

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop and assess the feasibility of an upper extremity exercise program based on Patterned Sensory Enhancement (PSE) for home-bound stroke patients by measuring the level of upper extremity function, depression, and interpersonal relationship. Methods: The experiments were performed on stroke patients at three different rehabilitation centers in Incheon City. Twenty patients participated in the experimental group or in the control group. The program was executed three times a week for 6 weeks. Data were collected from August to October, 2006. Manual Function Test was used to quantify and evaluate upper extremity function. The depression level and the effectiveness of interpersonal relationship were quantified and measured using CES-D and Relationship Change Scale, respectively. Results: The effectiveness of upper extremity function of stroke patients who participated in the PSE upper extremity exercise program was higher than that of non-participating patients. The depression level decreased and interpersonal relationship improved in the stroke patients who participated in this program compared to those who did not. Conclusion: These findings prove that the PSE upper extremity exercise program for home-bound stroke patients was an effective strategy for enhancing upper extremity function, decreasing the depression level, and improving interpersonal relationships.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to develop a mobile app-based musculoskeletal exercise program (AMSEP) for operating room (OR) nurses and evaluate its effects on self-efficacy, the flexibility of the shoulders, lower back, and legs, and musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue. Methods: The AMSEP was developed based on the information-motivation-behavioral skill model. In total, 48 OR nurses were recruited at a university hospital in Korea and divided into an experimental group (n=24) and a control group (n=24), matched for career experience in the OR. The experimental group participated in the AMSEP, while the control group received a booklet regarding musculoskeletal exercise. Results: The experimental group showed significant increases in self-efficacy (t = -2.77, p = .008) and flexibility of the right shoulder (t = -4.08, p < .001), left shoulder (t = -3.28, p = .002), lower back (t = -3.75, p < .001), and legs (t = -3.96, p < .001) compared to the control group. Musculoskeletal symptoms (t = 2.75, p = .008), and fatigue (Z = -1.98, p = .048) significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the AMSEP for OR nurses provided information on the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders and methods of exercise, as well as an opportunity for continued exercise performance through self-management. The AMSEP was easily accessible and effective in increasing self-efficacy and flexibility and reducing musculoskeletal symptoms and fatigue.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the 12weeks exercise program for balance strategy and reaction time development in old adults. Twenty intervention group(male 10, female 10) and twenty control group(male 10, female 10) were participated in the study. All participants completed standard protocols on the balance strategy, Motor Control Test(MOT-reaction time) of the NeuroCom Equitest. The effect of physical activity was significant on balance strategy score of the condition 5 (absent vision, sway-referenced support), condition 6(sway-referenced vision, sway-referenced support), and effect of exercise, group and coefficient were significant on the condition 5. On reaction time in the automatic postural response measured in reaction time test the effect of exercise program was significant in the SB(small backward), SF(small forward) translation, and, group effect in MF(medium forward). The effect of physical activity was the tendency of shorter reaction time were found in intervention group than control group. It was suggested that the exercise program developed the function of the role of the combination of physical fitness and sensory systems in maintaining postural balance to surrounding stimulus, and presented shorter reaction time in automatic postural response.

The population of aged people is rapidly increasing in Korean society. However, social protective actions are insufficient for the aged. In this present study, the role of exercise rehabilitation leader was investigated via the aged life health keeping solution center management. Exercise rehabilitation programs for the aged was developed by experts in various fields; health, social welfare, physical education and special education. Registered volunteers specially the aged-related department of universities in Korea, social welfare centers, public health centers and sanatoriums, were trained exercise rehabilitation program for elderly for 7 weeks (80 hour). Finally 25 volunteers was selected and participated in this study. These were volunteered for the aged in S city sanatorium for 12 weeks (3 hour/week). The aged was participated in exercise rehabilitation recreation, exercise rehabilitation massage, cranio-sacral exercise rehabilitation, exercise rehabilitation gymnastics. After 12 weeks, the aged improved in physical and mental conditions. They wanted to get this service(exercise rehabilitation programs for the aged by exercise rehabilitation leader) continuously. Volunteers (exercise rehabilitation leaders) recognized that exercise rehabilitation is positive effects on the aged after this program education and volunteering activities. They also requested that easy to applied exercise rehabilitation programs must be developed in this fields. Aged people sanitarium administrators were found the beneficial effects of the aged life and hoped to expect the role of exercise rehabilitation leaders. This study showed that exercise rehabilitation leader performed the pivotal role for enriched lives of the aged in the health keeping solution center management. Finally, functions of exercise rehabilitation leader might be a important part for the embodies of green health welfare.

본 연구는 문제행동 아동을 위한 운동심리상담 교육프로그램에 대한 강사들의 요구도를 살펴봄으로써 강사들의 요구에 적합한 교육프로그램 개발을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 아동 운동지도 강사를 대상으로 설문조사를 하고 IBM Statistics SPSS 23.0 버전을 사용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, 보리치 분석을 하였다. 분석결과 운동 지도 현장에서 문제행동 아동으로 어려움을 경험한 강사들이 많은 것으로 나타났고, 강사들 대부분이 문제행동 아동지도 를 위한 전문적인 지식을 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 운동심리상담 교육프로그램 방법과 관련된 요구도 분석결과에 서는 온라인 강의, 현장 경력이 많은 강사의 강의, 주말 강의, 1-2시간의 강의, 연 1-2회 강의를 요구하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 운동심리상담 교육프로그램의 내용에 대한 보리치 분석과 The Locus for Focus 모델 공식을 통해 요구도를 살펴본 결과 강사들이 요구하는 운동심리상담 교육프로그램 주요 내용의 우선순위는 문제행동 아동을 위한 심리상담기 법, 문제행동 상황에 따른 대처 방법, 문제행동 해결 방법 순으로 나타났다.

This study aims to provide the basic data required to develop the programs proper to the requirements of instructors by looking into them for the exercise psychological counsel education program for the problems behavior children. We did the survey for the exercise instructors and did the frequency analysis, the crossover analysis and the Borich Analysis using IBM Statistics SPSS 23.0 version. The result of analysis showed that there were many instructors who experienced the difficulty for the problem behavior children at the site of exercise guidance and that most of them needed the expertise to guide those children. The result of the requirement analysis related to the exercise psychological counsel education program method suggested that online lectures, lectures of the instructors with plenty of field experience, weekend lectures, lectures for 1~2 hours and lectures conducted 1~2 times a year should be necessary. At the result of the requirement analysis through the Borich Analysis for the contents of the exercise psychological counsel education program and The Locus for Focus model formula, the priorities of the main contents of the exercise psychological counsel education that the instructors required were the psychological counseling techniques for problem behavior children, how to cope according to problem behavior situations, problem behavior solutions.

본 연구의 목적은 학생건강체력평가(PAPS)와 기존 건강체력교실 운영의 한계를 보완하기 위해 AI 기반 실시간 측정과 개인 맞춤형 운동 처방을 적용한 온라인 건강체력교실 프로그램을 설계기반연구(DBR)로 개발하는 데 있다. 국내 외 문헌 분석과 전문가 자문을 바탕으로 설계 원리를 도출하고, 학생용 모바일 애플리케이션(App), 교사용 학습관리시스 템(LMS), 운동형·스포츠형·표현형 콘텐츠로 구성된 통합 프로그램을 개발하였다. 연구는 2023년 9월부터 2024년 2월 까지 5회의 DBR 사이클로 진행되었으며, 초·중·고등학교 교사와 시·도교육청 장학사를 포함한 12인의 현장 전문가가 교육적 적절성, 기술적 실현 가능성, 현장 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 PAPS 1차 결과와 학생의 운동 목표를 반영해 운동형 콘텐츠에 AI 기반 실시간 피드백과 개인 맞춤형 운동 처방을 제공하고, LMS를 통해 참여 현황 모니 터링과 결과보고서 자동 생성을 지원하도록 설계되었다. 스포츠형과 표현형 콘텐츠는 초등 저학년과 저체력 학생의 흥미 와 참여를 높이기 위한 보완적 체험형 콘텐츠로 구성하였다. 연구 결과, 건강체력 요소와 콘텐츠의 명시적 연계, 교사 업무 자동화, 디지털 접근성 지원, 정형화된 운동형 콘텐츠 중심의 AI 적용이 핵심 설계 원리로 도출되었다. 본 연구는 PAPS 사후관리의 실효성을 높일 수 있는 디지털 운영 모델을 제시했으며, 향후 초·중·고등학교 현장 적용을 통한 효과성 검증, 내용타당도지수(CVI)를 포함한 정량 검증, 스포츠형·표현형 콘텐츠의 AI 고도화가 필요하다.

This study developed an AI-based online physical fitness program using real-time measurement and personalized exercise prescription to address limitations in the Physical Activity Promotion System (PAPS) and conventional school fitness classes. Using a design-based research approach, design principles were derived from literature review and expert consultation, and an integrated program was built with a student mobile application, a teacher learning management system (LMS), and exercise-, sport-, and expression-type content. Five DBR cycles were conducted from September 2023 to February 2024, and 12 field experts, including elementary, middle, and high school teachers and district-level education supervisors, reviewed the program for educational appropriateness, technological feasibility, and field applicability. The program uses students’ first PAPS results and exercise goals to provide AI-based real-time feedback and personalized prescriptions for exercise-type content, while the LMS supports progress monitoring and automated report generation. Sport- and expression-type content was designed as supplemental experiential content to promote interest and participation among younger or low-fitness students. Key design principles included explicit alignment between fitness factors and content, automation for teacher support, accessibility support, and prioritizing AI for structured exercise-type content. The study presents a digital operating model for improving PAPS follow-up management. Future research should test field effectiveness in elementary, middle, and high schools, conduct quantitative validation including the content validity index (CVI), and expand AI functions for sport- and expression-type content.

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to provide information about safe actions during the practice of dental technology, promote belief in safe actions among the students of dental technology, and reinforce their knowledge about how to act safety. Methods: Open questions were asked to 120 sophomores majoring dental technology to understand the target group’ belief about safe actions. Following the instructions by Ajzen & Fishbein, the collected data were grouped according to similar beliefs. Those beliefs of the highest frequency were given a priority and got to represent the belief level of the target group. Even with belief changes, however, they would not be able to practice safe actions if they had no knowledge about how to do safe actions. For desirable behavioral changes among the students, the students were then asked to discuss the current state of safety accidents and issues focusing on the materials and processes used in the practice and give presentations regarding the subjects to identify risk factors. Then the identified risk factors were used to devise the program contents so that the students could practice safe actions through accurate behavioral approaches and belief changes by educating them about how to act safely by the practice processes and the involved materials and devices. Results: Not only do the students of Dept. of Dental Technicians have difficulties with the complex practice processes while practicing to make dental prosthesis, but they are exposed to the risk of accidents as they’e poor at dealing with the materials and devices. Although there is a definite need for accident prevention education programs before practice, the reality is that the school doesn’the schoosuch education. Based on the judgment that an education program designed to reinforce belief for behavioral changes would generate effgrams results, an education program was developed by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior(TPB). Along with their beliefs, the current state of accidents n. Basepractice, demand for safety education, and practice level of safe actions were used to device the contents of accident prevention education and to develop an accident prevention education program for dental technology. Conclusion: The study presents an accident prevention education program developed to reinforce dental technology students' beliefs and knowledge and to help them do safe actions during practice.